UA10177U - Furnace for burning household-domestic wastes or drying sediments of treatment works - Google Patents

Abstract

A furnace for burning household-domestic wastes or drying sediments of treatment works has a cylindrical vertical form with the waste (sediment) loading from above and a cascade of plates inside the furnace, each of those closes the next one by 0.6 of the inner diameter of the furnace, and a tank with hydro-valve for reception and cooling the slag; at that at the above it has a water-vapour shell for utilization of burning heat, and each plate is equipped with pusher to move the waste (sediment) towards flow of hot burning gases.

Description

Description of the invention

A furnace for burning household waste or drying sewage sludge is an object of 2 communal economy and can be a part of a waste incineration plant, and can also be used as part of a city sewage treatment plant for drying (burning) sludge received there.

Waste incineration plants have been built in Ukraine in the following cities: Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Sevastopol,

Donetsk with the use of Czechoslovak boilers of ChKD "Dukla". For various reasons, these plants in Kharkiv do not work,

Sevastopol, Donetsk and only in Kyiv (the "Energy" plant has been operating since 1987) and Dnipropetrovsk. 70 The "Dukla" ChKD boiler is similar to the boiler according to the application No. 200501658 according to the following features: a) solid household waste is burned on both types of boilers; b) the heat of burning garbage is used to obtain water vapor; c) garbage is loaded into the boiler and furnace with the help of a sliding plate that separates the hopper with garbage from the boiler (furnace).

Czech boiler "Dukla" ChKD. The boiler works as follows. Garbage is fed by a crane from above 12 (32000 mt.) into the hopper on the sliding plate (5400 mt.). The sliding plate is moved with the help of a drive and the garbage enters the boiler on inclined rolls with grates that rotate. The total number of rolls Garbage is dried on the first Z rolls, and its burning (incineration) takes place on the next Z rolls. Combustion product - slag is poured onto the conveyor and removed from the boiler to the bunker from which it is transported. Water is supplied to the conveyor in order to cool the slag and create a hydraulic seal for the boiler.

The height of the boiler is divided into three parts by walls, where the first two have tubular heat exchangers for obtaining water vapor, and the third has an economizer. Gas as a product of combustion passes through heat exchangers, gives off heat and is removed from the boiler for cleaning from dust and impurities.

It should be noted as a positive side - the significant productivity of this type of boiler. For example, on

At the Kyiv Energia plant, the boiler's actual productivity is 44,000 tons/hour of incinerated garbage. The following can be noted as disadvantages 29: c - large dimensions of the furnace (height 32 meters, width 12.6 meters); - the necessity of lining the inner part of the boiler with a special silicon carbide brick, which is bought for foreign currency in the Czech Republic; - the presence of heat exchangers in the high-temperature zone, which contributes to the burning of tubes and the deposition of scale on - the inner walls of the tubes; - - expensive repairs. For example, in 1998-2000, the cost of work at the Kyiv Energia plant amounted to UAH 2 billion. -

As an analogy, we can cite the example of a shelf furnace (Internet, e-tai! - "Master's thesis" Bosenko O.V., "3

DonntTU). 325 This is a multi-shelf oven (has 5 to 12 shelves). The furnace has Z zones: drying, burning, cooling. -

The furnace is a casing lined inside with fire-resistant shaped brick and heat-insulated diatomaceous brick. The lower part ends with a frame, which is installed on a concrete foundation. A shaft passes through the center of the furnace, on which two paddles with teeth are fixed above each floor. The shaft of the furnace is hollow and is driven by a reducer installed on the foundation of the furnace. The shaft of the furnace and paddles are cooled by air Z 740, which enters from below through the internal channel of the shaft. Garbage (waste) is fed by an auger to the periphery of the first shelf (counting from the top) of the drying zone, and by the teeth of the rotating paddles, it moves from the periphery to

From the center. Then it is poured onto the second tray through the ring hole around the furnace shaft. Then it moves from the center to the periphery with strokes, and through special holes it gets to the third regiment, etc. Unfortunately, neither the dimensions nor the performance of the furnace are specified.

The presence of clearly separated drying, burning, and cooling zones contributes to the efficiency of the furnace. - Disadvantages: av | - the need to prepare garbage into small fractions, since the garbage must pass through the auger, and inside the furnace through ring holes from shelf to shelf; - - the presence of precious lining; - And 20 - there is no economic heating of the furnace.

The furnace is a cylinder that turns into a cone in the lower part. The working area of the furnace has the following dimensions: furnace diameter from 2500mm, height - from bbO0mm.

There is a loading hopper in the upper part of the furnace, and a slag receiver with a hydraulic seal in the lower part. Inside the furnace there is a cascade of plates (for example, five pcs.), each of which overlaps the next one by 0.bdiameter, the distance between the plates is from 1000 mm. The plates are transparent for better drying and burning of garbage. Each plate has rammers, which are controlled from outside the oven. The drive of the rammers can be hydraulic or electric. The first two plates (starting from the top) have a small bow (up to 302) for better movement of still raw garbage. On the first 2-3 plates there is a process of drying garbage, and on the next - burning. To maintain the combustion process, preheated air is supplied to the lower zone of the furnace. A discharge should be created in the combustion zone 60. Fuel gas is supplied to the furnace for initial ignition.

In the following, it will not be necessary, since the required temperature in the burning zone (800-10002С) will be maintained due to the burning of garbage. Gases from the combustion zone (plates 4, 5) rise up, giving part of the heat to the garbage, which moves down and is removed from the furnace through the upper fitting (pipe from 500 mm) for cleaning. The slag under its own weight through the conical lower part, and then the bO0Omm nozzle, enters the 65 slag receiver for cooling, where the hydraulic seal is maintained due to the water level. From the slag receiver, the slag is moved by a conveyor to a special hopper, and from there it is taken out. To remove and use combustion heat from the outside of the furnace, a water-steam "shirt" (jacket) is mounted across the diameter, connected to the steam evaporator. In the "shirt", water is forced to circulate, which due to heat transfer turns into water vapor, which is removed through the steam evaporator and used as a heat carrier or in steam generators - to obtain electricity. All elements of the furnace, including the water-steam "shirt", are made of heat-resistant steel.

The oven works as follows. Garbage is loaded into the hopper. At the operator's signal, the hopper gate opens and garbage is poured into the furnace, passing from plate to plate to the burning zone. Combustion products in the form of gas rise up and are removed for cleaning from dust and harmful impurities, and the solid part - /o0 slag is poured down to the slag receiver. To clean the plates from the next portion of garbage, each plate has pestles that push this garbage off the plate. The pestle drive is located outside the furnace. The whole process can be easily automated and controlled using automation. As already mentioned, this furnace is small-sized, and in order to save metal and space, you can mount a whole package of furnaces with one gas outlet, one slag receiver and one steam comb.

For drying (incineration) of sewage sludge, plates 1, 2, 3, 4 are used without transparent plates (solid metal), and Mo5 plate with transparent plates up to 2-Zmm. In addition, this oven requires a constant supply of fuel gas to maintain the drying temperature. Permissible productivity of one furnace for incineration of garbage - from 1.Ot/h, or from 24t/day, or Otys.t/year.

The main advantages of this furnace are: - small dimensions: height from 9000mm (together with slag receiver), diameter - from ZO000mm (together with water-steam "shirt"); - there is no expensive lining inside the furnace, which allows you to reduce repair costs and increase heat absorption and mileage between repairs; - there is no heat exchange equipment (heat exchangers, economizers) inside the furnace, which reduces operating and repair costs; - presence of oncoming movement of garbage and gases, which contributes to efficient drying and burning of garbage; t - simplicity of design.

The disadvantages of this furnace include the high cost of material (heat-resistant steel) for the manufacture of the furnace body, water-steam "shirt", plates, and pestles. But these costs are one-time and economically justified. Note: the dimensions of the furnace can be increased, including the distance between the plates (and their number), in order to increase the productivity of the furnace and burn larger waste. -

List of drawing figures: "-

Figure 1 shows a section of the furnace. In the upper part, there is a hopper for loading garbage (sediment), as well as a nozzle for the exit of combustion gases. Next, plates (1, 2, C, 4, 5) with pestles 6 are shown; where 1 and 2 plates - with an inclination of up to 309 o for better liberation from still raw garbage (sediment). In the lower part - a tank for slag is shown, and from the outside of the furnace «-- - with dashed lines - a water-steam "shirt" 7, a conveyor - 8. Fig. 2, C shows a top view of the plates with pestles.

The issue of disposal of solid waste, as well as disposal of sewage sludge, is very relevant. Incineration of garbage and sediments (drying) is one of the methods of their disposal. "

The furnace according to the application и200501658 can be used for these purposes in any city as part of a waste incineration plant. y The oven is compact, productive, economical. It is easy to automate the entire burning process. "" The furnace is structurally simple and can be easily manufactured if heat-resistant steel is available.

The resulting water vapor can be used as a heat carrier, as well as for obtaining electricity on steam generators. - Metal can be extracted from the obtained slag and sold as scrap metal, and the slag itself can be used as a building material. o Combustion gases leaving the furnace can be used to heat the air entering the furnace. - Each plate is equipped with a pestle in order to forcibly push the garbage to the next (lower) 5th plate, and from the last one to the slag receiver. Mashers can have a hydraulic or electric drive, which

She is located outside the furnace. Mashers move along the plate back and forth in special channels, pushing garbage from the plate both in forward and reverse motion.

The furnace is equipped from the outside with a water-steam "shirt", which serves to absorb the heat of combustion and obtain steam, for which water is forcibly circulated in it (with the help of a pump). The resulting water vapor is removed through the steam evaporator to the steam comb and further used according to value. The volume of the water-steam "shirt" depends on the performance of the furnace, the combustion temperature and is selected by calculation.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention A furnace for burning household waste or drying sewage sludge, which has a cylindrical vertical shape with garbage (sediment) loading from above and a cascade of plates inside the furnace, each of which overlaps the next one by 0.6 of the internal diameter of the furnace, as well as a tank with a hydraulic seal for receiving and cooling slag, which is distinguished by the fact that it has a water-steam shell on the outside to dispose of the heat of combustion, and each plate is equipped with a pestle for moving garbage (sediment) to meet the movement of hot combustion gases.