UA101701C2 - Method for bio-indication of water quality - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for bio-indication of quality of water relates to biology, in particular to applied ecology, and can be used for determination of quality of waters in water reservoirs and water flows of lower parts of large rivers of Europe. Main point of the invention is in the fact of adaptation of traditional European indices (TBI (Trent Biotic Index), BBI (Belgian Biotic Index) and BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party Index)) to conditions of use of those in river arms and armlets of delta sections of European rivers. To determine quality of waters type structure of macro-zoo-benthos is used, of phytophilous macro-fauna and epi-fauna of solid substances. Calculations of biotic indices are carried out by composition of specific biotic complexes and by structure of macro-fauna of invertebrate as whole as well. For analysis maximal of obtained during vegetation season values of indices are used, those level the season changes in set of complexes of macro-invertebrate, aggregation of colonies and errors in selection of hydro-biological samples. The method proposed is more simple and cheap compared to complex standard method of evaluation of water quality.

Description

species structure of macrozoobenthos, phytophilic macrofauna and epifauna of hard substrates is used.

Calculations of biotic indices are carried out both by the composition of individual biotic complexes and by the structure of macrofauna of invertebrates as a whole.

The analysis uses the maximum index values obtained during the growing season, which eliminate seasonal changes in the composition of macroinvertebrate complexes, the aggregation of settlements, and errors in the selection of hydrobiological samples.

The proposed method is simpler and cheaper compared to complex standard methods of water quality assessment

The invention belongs to biology, namely to applied ecology, and can be used to determine the quality of water in reservoirs and watercourses below the large rivers of Europe.

The task to be solved by the invention consists in the modification and selection of the most adequate bioindication indices for more accurate determination of water quality downstream of large rivers.

In the modern period, dozens of different methods are used in bioindication, hundreds of indices of water quality and the state of aquatic ecosystems are used, some of which are based on the principle of the disappearance of certain species or groups of macroinvertebrates under the condition of deterioration of their habitat (Bakanov A. I. The use of zoobenthos for monitoring freshwater reservoirs // Biol. int. vod.-2000, Mo. 1. - P. 68-82. (1); Semenchenko V. P.

Principle and system bysyndication of running water. - Minsk: Iz-vo "Orekh", 2004.-125 p. (2); Ve

Rashma M., Mappeme! V. Masgoiplmepebgaiez apa maieg diaiyu // Apizhegr.-1993- - 316 (3); Meisaie

U. Uh Viioidis! ugaz(eg diainu azzezztenpi oi hippipu maieg5 Basei op tastoiiplmepebgage sottipiev: pPiviiogu apa rgezepi 5iaib5 ip Eigore // Epmigoptepia! roPshiop.-1989, m. 60. - r. 101-139 (4).

Invertebrate macrofauna is characterized by long-term life cycles, represented mainly by K-strategists, which makes it a convenient and accurate indicator of changes in the state of a water body over a long period of time. However, in different water bodies, the taxonomic composition of macroinvertebrate complexes may differ, and these changes primarily depend on the composition of the soil, the presence of thickets, depths, and the speed of the current. A specific Ponto-Caspian fauna lives in the lower reaches of many rivers in Europe, the peculiarities of whose composition are not taken into account in traditional bioindication indices. It should also be noted that there are no simple and accurate methods of hydrobiological assessment of water quality that are used in practice in Ukraine. The use of biotic indices generally accepted in Europe leads to erroneous results, primarily because the requirements for macroinvertebrate collection methods for calculating these indices are quite often not suitable for deep watercourses of European river deltas.

The essence of the method is the adaptation of traditional European indices (TVI (Tgepi Vioiis Ipaeh),

VVI (VeiYidiap Vioiis Ipdeh) and VMMUUR (Vioiodisa! Mopyogipud UmogKipd Ragu Ipdeh)) to the conditions of their use in the arms and bays of the delta sections of the rivers of Europe. The species structure of macrozoobenthos, phytophilous macrofauna and epifauna of solid substrates is used to determine water quality. Calculations of biotic indices are carried out as per the composition of individual biotics

From the complexes, and by the structure of macrofauna of invertebrates as a whole. The analysis uses the maximum index values obtained during the growing season, which eliminate seasonal changes in the composition of macroinvertebrate complexes, the aggregation of settlements, and errors in the selection of hydrobiological samples.

Calculations of VVI and VMUUR are carried out with the help of the program for calculating biotic indices "AZTEKISZ 3.1.11" (AOEM SOMZOKTISHOM.

A sotrgepepvzime teipoy 0 azbzez5 Eshgoreap 5igeat5 ivipud repipis tasgoipmepergaiev5, demeIorea

Tog te rigroze oi She U/aieg Egateyuyu!k Oigesiime. Megviop 1.0, 2002.-202 r). To calculate TVI, a modification of the index for the lower Danube River (tables 1, 2) is used, which takes into account the peculiarities of the species composition of the macrofauna of this region. Correspondence of TVI to saprobity zones is established according to F. Vudiviss (Umoodim/iz5 R. 5. Te BioIodisa! zuztet oi 5igeat siazziysayeop izey Bu yShye Tgtepi Vimeg Voaga // Snet. apa Ipa.-1964. - M. 11. - R. 443- 447), and compliance with VVI and

VMMUR water quality classes - according to the current standards of Belgium and Great Britain (Vioiodisa! dcaiiyu oi zhaiegsotsg5ev5. YuOeieptipaiop oi She bBioiys ipdeh Basei op adiaiiis tasgoipmeperbgaiev5. VeiYidiap viapdata T92-402. Veidiap ipviyshe og poptaiiy2aiop ryop. Vgyb5ei Rii5, 358; 198 .0, Moz5 0.,

MTD U. BG., Eshve M. T. Tne repoptapse oi a pem/ rioiodisa! Maieg diaiyu 5soge5 zubvyvt Bbazei op tasgoiplepebgaieez omega a m/de gtapde oi iproyishey hippipd-uaieg zyez // Maieg Nev.-1983, my. 17. - r. 333-347) (Table 3).

The need to modify the deterministic tables of F. Woodyviss, or to be more precise, its Russian-language version, which is given in the "Works of the Soviet-English Seminar" (Wydyvyss F.S.

Biotic index of the Trent River. Macroinvertebrate and biological inspection / Scientific basis of surface water quality control according to hydrobiological indicators. - L.:

Hydrometeoizdat, 1977. - P. 132-161), primarily due to an inaccurate translation of the English version of the article. (Muoodim/i55 E. 5. Te bBiiodisa!

She Tgepi Wimeg Voaga // Set. apa Ipa.-1964. - M. 11. - R. 443-447), where the author uses the phrase "easii Kpomp 5resiez 0i ...", which is translated as "every known species...", not "all known species..." which is given in the Russian-language version. Such inaccuracy in practice leads to the selection of all registered species into one group, and it is necessary to take into account as many groups as there are species. The correctness of the authors' approach is confirmed by examples of calculations given in the same work.

Also, the authors suggest not to identify the larvae of bell-winged mosquitoes by species, due to the lack of a generally accepted key for their identification in modern taxonomy (Opredelitel freshwater invertebrates of Russia and adjacent territories. Vol. 4.

Hanging insect. Dvukrylse / Ed. S. Ya. Tsalolikhina.-1999.-1000 p). F. Woodiwiss divides worms into Appeida and a separate genus Maia5, but later in examples of calculations, he also cites the family Tibiiisidae. Therefore, the authors consider it expedient to use as indicator groups the level of the families of small bristle worms (Tibiiisidae, Maididae, Epspygaeidae,

And obgisiidaye, etc.). In the working scale of F. Woodiwiss, the genus Satitagiva is given as an indicator group, which is not found in the fresh waters of the lower Danube, where the Ponto-Caspian sidewaters predominate. Therefore, we introduce species of the Saptipagiidae family as an indicator group. List of indicator groups of macroinvertebrates for the calculation of TVI according to F. Vudiviss (Vudiviss f. S.

Biotic index of the Trent River. Macroinvertebrate and biological inspection / Scientific basis of surface water quality control according to hydrobiological parameters. - L.:

Hydrometeoizdat, 1977. - P. 132-161) and in the lower reaches of the Danube.

Table 1 11111111 ndikatornigruli./////////77777777ССсС about |zaF.V. Vudivissom 0 |dlyaponizzyaroDanuy.d///:/СС:(/74ШСІУ

Riaite!Itipipev5 RiaineItipinev worms (Appeiida) (except for Mai5) worms (Oiiidospavia) efenonnintentonya dnem i Met 5 | all known species of molluscs (MoPizsa); . and

Savighoroda--Vimamia g fenoonnanvettenkitnnia Snu ti vne ten

Stpyviasva t freyunnennnnotnyanyu kin y nn nn 7 | all known types of freckles (Riesorieega)

RIesoriega. and each of the known types of larvae of one-day all known species of one-day (Erpetegoriega) and

VE SO ov gpodapi 9 TsodnodenkaVaeyvtpodapii |larvae of mothsVaeyvtodapiya -:(/ /:/ hylopoptera (Tgisporiega) (Elyoptera) Medai!oriega ev 7 mercury m 12. | except for Spigopotiv Sp. Titti; and excluding the genus Spigopoty5 (with the exception of SpPigopotidae and Zittiipidae) larvae ) "| (Nuagasaipa); Asagipa

Neyegoriega

Table 2

Working scale for determining TVI in the lower Danube

Indicator groups Species richness of the number of indicator groups

More than one day.d | - / 7 | 8 / 9 | 10

Larvae Risorivgya 00 lvkyone species 17571718

Ди ов НН НН НИ ТОК ТО BUT ТО ШЕ ТО excluding Vaeiyizgodapi | Only one type.//-/:///- | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8

Er and/or Vaei godapi Tilzhimoditvidy///// | 4 4 | 5 | 6 | 7

EE NN liana NS NEZY NOSE NOSE VISN absent

STUP ks NINA NETISHYN absent ss "DI Min NS PEZA NO NO NOEZOYU

There are no spigots

Edwin Minina SY NS IGNORANCE OF NOESIS oxygen is absent

Table C

Classification of the results of the calculation of biotic indices for the lower Danube

Examples of the method.

Bioindication of water quality based on the structure of macroinvertebrate complexes was carried out in the branches and bays of the Kili Danube Delta during 2010. Samples were taken at the outlet and mouth of each watercourse and along water transects. Macrozoobenthos was selected with the help of a sectional dredger with a working surface of 100 cm: from different depths (from 0.5 m to 3.0 m), phytophilic fauna - manually in air-aquatic, submerged and floating thickets; leaves of macrophytes with the help of a secator and a hydrobiological net, epifauna - using a scraper with a blade width of 10 cm from natural and artificial hard substrates (Macrozoobenthos. Methods of fixing and processing samples / Methods of hydroecological research of surface waters / O. M. Arsan, 0. A. Davydov, T. M. Dyachenko, etc.; Edited by V. D. Romanenko. -

NAS of Ukraine. Institute of Hydrobiology. - K,: LOGOS, 2006... -S. 101-115; Zooprephyton. Stages and methods of research / Methods: hydroecological studies of surface waters / O. M. Arsan, 0. A.

Davydov, T. M. Dyachenko, etc.; Under the editorship V. D. Romanenko. - NAS of Ukraine. Institute of Hydrobiology. - K.:

LOGOS, 2006. - P. 119-131; Materials and methods of research. Phytophilous: fauna /

Biodiversity and environmental quality of anthropogenically altered hydrosystems of Ukraine /

Kharchenko T. A., Protasov A. A., Lyashenko A. 3. and others - K.: IGB Ukrain, 2005. - P. 27-28). Samples of macroinvertebrates were fixed with 4 95 formalin solution and analyzed in the laboratory under microscopes MBS-9, MBSOS-10 and Mikop Esiirse E200. The following determinants were used to define macroinvertebrates to species: Determinant of freshwater invertebrates

European part of the USSR (plankton and benthos) / Ed. L. A. Kutikova, Ya. I. Starobogatova. -

L. Hydrometeoizdat, 1977.-512 p.; Determinant of freshwater invertebrates of Russia and neighboring territories. T.1. Lower invertebrates / pod. ed. S. Ya. Tsalolikhina. - S-Pb.-

1994.-200 p.; Determinant of freshwater invertebrates of Russia and neighboring territories.

T.2. Crustacean / pod. ed. S. Ya. Tsalolikhina. - S-Pb.-1995.-632 p.; Determinant of freshwater invertebrates Rossina; and neighboring territories. T.4. Hanging insects.

Dvukrylse / Ed. S. Ya. Tsalolikhina.-1999.-1000 p.

In parallel, a tropho-saprobiological assessment was carried out according to the "Methodology of ecological assessment of surface water quality according to relevant categories" (Methodology of ecological assessment of surface water quality according to relevant categories / V. D. Romanenko, 3. M. Zhukinszhiy, 0. P. Oksiyuk and others - Kyiv, 1998.-28 p.). This technique includes chemical, hydrological and hydrobiological indicators and is approved as an interdepartmental guiding document for the hydroecological assessment of continental surface waters in Ukraine.

According to the tropho-saprobiological assessment, water bodies in the lower Danube belong to the B-a- mesosaprobic zone of the I-I water quality class (table 4).

The results of bioindication showed that the values of the modified TVI calculated from the macrozoobenthos or epifauna of solid substrates correspond to the B-a-mesosaprobe zone. VVI, calculated separately for macrozoobenthos, phytophilous fauna, as well as for the general list of macrofauna, and VMMUR, calculated for macrofauna as a whole, correspond to the 1I-P class of water quality. Such results are consistent both with the conclusions of the tropho-saprobiological assessment and with the results of international research conducted by ISROK in this region (doipi OSapire Zygmeu 2. Npai zsiepiyis heropi. - ISROV - Ipiegpaiopa! Sottivviop Tog (Te Rgoiesiiop oi She Obapibe Kimeg, 2008. This allows us to state that the calculations of the selected indices using certain complexes of macroinvertebrates adequately and accurately assess the water quality in the lower reaches of the Danube.

Table 4

Tropho-saprobiological assessment of the water quality of the arms and inlets of the Kili delta of the Danube

Delyuk's Corner |Bystry Corner|Iochakivskyi| Quick | Eastern water quality category 2-6 5-6 4-5 5-7 3-6 water quality category 3-4 (c) 5 5-7 4-6 water quality category 2-7 3-4 2-3 2-3 2-4 water quality category 1-3 1-2 1-2 1-4 1-4 water quality category 4-6 1-3 4 4-7 4-7 water quality category 1-5 2 1-5 1-5 1-5 water quality category 2-7 6 5-7 3-7 3-7 water quality category 1-7 1 1-4 1-6 1-5 water quality category 4-7 4-5 5 3-6 4- 5 water quality category 3-7 1-2 2-3 2-7 2-7 Shenni 21 I 1 water quality category C 3-4 1-3 2-6 water quality category 3-4 3-4 2-4 2- 4 2-5

Water quality category 5-6 5-6 5-6 water quality category 4-7 4-6 4-7 5-6 4-7 water quality category 3-7 3-5 2-6 3 -7 1-7 indicators

Table 5

Results of bioindication of water quality by macroinvertebrates (b - macrozoobenthos, f - lithophilic macrofauna, e - epifauna of solid substrates, m - macrofauna in general). . Sleeve. .

Delyuk corner Bystry corner Ochakivsky arm Bystry | Eastern arm

Wooosa | - I-I -1-(1111171-1- 1111771 -1- 1112-11 1112

Mopizsa 1 |6|61|214/|1 7|7/12|6 14|5 7/8 12|5/14| 4 | 16

Metayuaa 1 /(111/,/-/1-,1-/І-11,1-/1-1171-,1-1-1-1-1-1-,1 vo tou tv|g| tv go |e| v|m/v 76 v v tv polyn V I NO NO NO I NN NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

Nichapeai - (212/-|2/!-12/|-15|- 5/- 2/!- 2,11 5/1 6 ivorda | 1 /1/1171-1-,1-1-,1- 1-11 1171-11 17,!- 2|1 pp 1112 v| |2|2/ 22115) 5) |5 g 5)z|v viv ze | 3|8 6 4|2|yu |z) 2) I v/z|2 «|v

Sitasai - I-/-12/-,/-12,I-1-,I-1-1-1-,1-1-1-1-1-1

Muzidase a 1 | t 1 11 1 1 ve z yy mete yy

Odopaa| - (2|2/-|1/!- 11111, 112/!- 1,!- 1,171 z/ 1 vva ha rieta it ererer rev vv ve orero tt

Other brea | 12 TV

TVI, in |v|v8/|5|6)49)8)57|5|v|Z|v|5|915| 85 in saprobnis! DV- (|oligolig V-| Vua as odird, V olig R Ioligi B" (oligi E olig Y olig, V" Iolig mezimez|mez mez mez mez mez mez mez t vod meso| o | o (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) o|oio (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c)

Ве class в |в вИ5|3|7|4|5|B5) 7 || 5|4| 7 | in | B | 4| 7

PI PI SHISHIMI p IM shi |) pf u MI pu I M u vod

VMUUR, class 10 137147 |31|17|15161132155133)| 79|15/281291571381| 38 | 32 | 95 qualities of water

The proposed method is simpler and cheaper in comparison with complex standard methods of water quality assessment (for example, tropho-saprobiological assessment), for the implementation of which it is necessary to involve specialists of various fields (hydrologists, chemists, microbiologists, algologists and zoologists), while for the implementation of bioindication it is enough only qualifications of a zoologist. In addition, if the study of abiotic indicators gives the characteristics of individual components of quality, then bioindication, on the contrary, shows the integral state of the water body, the reaction of biota to the complex action of many negative factors. The proposed indicators take into account the peculiarities of the species composition of the Danube Delta, which improves the quality of the assessment.

This method is advisable to use for monitoring works in the lower reaches of large European rivers.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION The method of bioindication of the quality of the aquatic environment, based on the investigated species composition of macroinvertebrates, which differs in that the modified TVi is calculated! by the structure of the macrozoobenthos or epifauna, which includes indicator groups of the macrofauna of river deltas, as well as biological indices of the VVI and VMUUR by the structure of the marosoobenthos, phytophilic fauna and by the general species composition of the macrofauna, which allows for an adequate assessment of the water quality downstream of the large rivers of Europe.