UA100082C2 - Packing unit, transport unit and method for manufacturing packing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a packing unit (4) comprising a group of packages (1) filled with a liquid product which are of the collapsible type and comprise a bottom wall and two opposite side walls, which packages (1) in their upright position have an upwardly tapering shape, characterized in that the packages (1) are so arranged that each package (1) has a side wall facing a bottom o the packing unit (4), the packages (1) are stacked one over another in a plurality of layers with a plurality of packages (1) in each layer, the packages (1) having an alternating orientation in a first direction and a second direction opposite to the first direction and the packages (1) of an individual layer having a uniform orientation in the first or the second direction, and a plastic film cover (5) which at least partly surrounds the group of packages (1) for providing dimensional stability to the packing unit (4), the plastic film cover (5) being made of a web of plastic film material which has been joined together along four or fewer elongate sealing portions for forming said plastic film cover, and a shipping unit and a method of manufacturing said packing unit. The application also includes a shipping unit and a method of manufacturing a packing unit.

Description

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing at least one work roll for rolling, preferably strip rolling material, while the work roll is provided to interact with the second roll, in particular, with the intermediate or support roll, and rest on it, and the second roll is in its axis the end zone has a back grind.

In particular, when rolling very wide sheets (for example, more than 3000 mm wide), undesirable profile shapes often appear in the strip, including M/-shaped profiles and thickening near the edges, as well as flatness defects (quarter waves) in the final product.

This may be due, among other things, to the fact that when rolling wide strips or sheets, it happens that the outer zones of the rolled material are in the area of the back grind of the support or intermediate roll or, in the case of elongated working rolls, lie even beyond the edges of the barrel of the support or intermediate roll .

The working roll bends back in these zones, so as a result of this, a non-parabolic shape of the profile, for example, a so-called swelling, can be formed in the focus of deformation. High rolling forces and bending forces of work rolls can even increase this effect.

Rolled material profiles, that is, the distribution of the thickness of the rolled material over its width, which strongly deviate from the parabolic shape, as a rule, are undesirable, as they can lead to unevenness in the rolling process or in subsequent processes. In addition, it may impair the maintenance of product dimensional accuracy.

It is known to apply grinding wheels to the working roll for a targeted effect on the profile of the deformation center. For example, reference is made to EP 0 294 544 VI, in which it is provided that the working roll is provided with a profile that can be described by a polynomial. A similar solution is proposed in EP 1 307 302 B1, and the so-called SMSOS profile is provided here. Other similar or different solutions are disclosed in the publications ER 1 70399981 1E6ER 0 937 515 VI, UR 3032412 А and ЮР 60 15 322 А, ОЕ 39 19 285

At and ОР 8332509 А, UR 6915322 А and ОР 2179308 А. We are talking about the profiles created on the working roll, which are parabolic contours or contours described by polynomials. In the latter case, with the help of the mechanism of axial movement of the working rolls and the use of movement as a setting tool for profiling, 5-shaped contours (SMO-grind) are applied to the roll, which are described by the mentioned polynomials.

It is also known to apply special contours to reduce the sharpening of the edges or to reduce the formation of swelling. At the same time, the goal is to influence the profile contour of the rolled material directly in the edge zone in order to compensate for the effects of the flattening of the working rolls in the center of deformation or the thermal expansion of the working rolls on the profile of the center of deformation.

There is no specific indication in the disclosed prior art as to how, despite equipping the support or intermediate rolls with back grinding, good rolling results can be obtained. | that is why, in particular, the above-mentioned problems arise when it comes to very wide bands.

The task of this invention is to propose a method of manufacturing a working roll of the above-mentioned type, which allows to carry out optimal rolling also with a corresponding rear grinding of the support or intermediate roll, that is, to roll a strip that is distinguished by high quality and the desired shape. Accordingly, the task is to significantly compensate for the undesirable non-parabolic effects of the back grind of the support or intermediate roll on the shape of the profile of the deformation focus. This should not have a negative effect on equipping the working rolls with a special grind (for example, SMS-grind).

The solution to this problem of the invention is distinguished by the fact that the method of manufacturing at least one working roll for rolling strip rolling material includes the following stages: a) Calculation of the given profile of the deformation center between two interacting working rolls, while a certain width of the rolling material is taken as a basis, which at least partially captures the rear grinding area of the second roll; r) Determination of the desired contour of the rolled material, which must be obtained during the rolling process when passing through the working roll; c) Calculation of the compensation grinding for the working roll by removing the contour of the rolled material determined at stage b) from the profile of the deformation center according to stage a), and multiplying the resulting difference by the damping coefficient; a) Applying, at least in a separate zone, the calculated compensating sand according to step c) on at least one working roll.

At the same time, compensatory grinding according to stage c) can be carried out in parallel with other profiling of the working roll. This other profiling of the working roll is mainly parabolic profiling or 5-way profiling (so-called SMSO profiling).

The damping coefficient for the calculation according to step c) is preferably in the range of 0.3 and 0.9, more preferably in the range of 0.4 and 0.8. Particularly good results were obtained at a value of 0.6. The coefficient is chosen in such a way that for wide strips or products, thickened profile shapes (swelling) are not formed in the future or, accordingly, these swellings are greatly reduced and for narrower strip sizes, their effect is completely absent or represents only a minor obstacle.

When calculating according to stage a) in the preferred form of execution, the maximum width of the rolled material that can be rolled by the rolling roll is taken as a basis.

In the calculation according to stage a), a certain rolling force and a certain bending force of the working rolls are predominant. In the determination according to stage b), the same parameters as in stage a) are taken as a basis.

For the profile determined according to stage B), the basis is, preferably, the calculated OG-Iipe profile of the focus of deformation. In this case, it can be provided that for the oij-Ipe profile of the deformation focus, which is calculated, the elongated barrel of the support roll is taken as a basis, so that the edges of the rolled material are not in the zone of the back grind of the second rolls.

Accordingly, with the help of the proposed method, a grind of the working roll is made to compensate for the deflection of the working roll in the area of the rear grind of the support roll. Depending on the circumstances, the desired special roller grind (for example, CMO-grind) is superimposed on the provided compensating grind according to the invention.

The essential feature of the proposed grind is that the result of the compensation of the back grind is practically independent of the axially shifted position of the work rolls relative to each other and, therefore, it works in the case of movement of the work rolls throughout the movement zone.

Compensating grinding can be applied both in the case of axially moving and non-moving rolls.

It can be applied in a separate zone to only one work roll or to the top and bottom work rolls.

The compensating grind can be combined with any other roll grind, that is, it can be superimposed on it.

The height of the grind can vary regardless of the existing diameter of the working roll. The height can also be adjusted according to the existing contour of the support roll or the contour of the intermediate roll (relative to its wear).

A slice can be described, for example, by a sequence of points or a mathematical function (eg, a polynomial function).

The drawing shows an example of the implementation of the invention, while showing:

Fig. 1 - schematically the working and support rolls of the four-roll rolling cage during the rolling of strip rolling material, view in the direction of rolling,

Fig. 2 - characteristic of the center of deformation, that is, the height of the inter-roll gap relative to the width, minus the height in the middle, between two working rolls relative to the width of the rolled material when rolling the latter without using the method according to the invention,

Fig. C is the characteristic of the focus of deformation between two working rolls relative to the width of the rolled material as a target contour (ideal profile shape),

Fig. 4 - characteristics of the focus of deformation between the working rolls relative to the width of the rolled material as a differential contour between the target contour in fig. With and characteristic according to fig. 2,

Fig. 5 - characteristics of the compensating grind for working rolls relative to the width of the rolled material,

Fig. 6 - the effect of the compensating grind (additional grind) relative to the width of the rolled material at different axial positions of movement on the unloaded center of deformation and

Fig. 7 - characteristics of the focus of deformation between two working rolls relative to the width of the rolled material using the compensating grind according to fig. 5.

In fig. 1 shows two working rolls 1 and 2, which are a component of a four-roll rolling mill (not shown). The working rolls 1, 2 are supported in a known manner with the help of support rolls 4 and 5. Between the working rolls 1, 2 there is rolling material 3, in this case a strip with a width of 3100 mm.

In the lateral zones, i.e., in the axial end zones, the support rolls 4, 5 have a back grind 6, i.e., a ledge is observed in the profile relative to the cylinder itself. In fig. 1 this is presented with great exaggeration.

Accordingly, this example implementation can be presented as follows. Full support of the working rolls 1, 2 with the help of support rolls 4, 5 is observed only in the middle zone with a length of 2050 mm, since in the side zone, respectively, 500 mm passes the rear grind 6. The working rolls with a roll length of 3450 mm exceed the width B of the rolled material 3, which is equal to 3100 mm.

The working rolls 1, 2 are affected, along with the support force of the support rolls 4, 5, also by the bending force

Ev of the working rolls, as well as the rolling effort, so that there is a counter-bending of the working rolls, which is indicated by arrows 7.

Thus, the anti-bending of the working rolls in the area of the back grind 6 of the support roll depends on the rolling width of the rolled material Z, the applied rolling force and the set bending force Ev of the working rolls. Therefore, the selection of a large width of rolled material, which is often rolled, and the usual rolling force for the last passes of the crimping mode, as well as the bending force (counterweight force) at a low level, are preferable for the calculation of the grind. At the same time, you can initially take the average diameters of the rolls as a basis. The bombardment of the rolls is chosen accordingly so that the profiles of the focus of deformation are in the usual range (approximately 0.000 to 0.200 mm).

At the first stage of calculating or manufacturing the working roll for the rolling cage in question, and taking into account the above-mentioned boundary conditions, the expected profile of the deformation center is calculated for the maximum rolling width. The result of this calculation is presented as an example in fig. 2. Here you can see the shape of the profile of the center of deformation at a width of rolling material of 3100 mm without compensation of the anti-bending effect. It is clearly visible that due to the anti-bending of the working roll in the side zone of the strip, an undesirable characteristic of the profile is observed.

After determining the profile for the same case, the ideal rolling material contour is determined. This can be, for example, the calculated oi-ppe profile of the center of deformation under the condition of an elongated barrel of the support roll, so that the edges of the rolled material are not in the zone of the back grind 6 of the support roll.

This ideal profile shape as a target contour is also exemplified for a 3100 mm wide strip in FIG. 3.

At the next stage, by subtracting the target contour (according to Fig. 3) from the shape of the profile of the focus of deformation without a compensatory grind (according to Fig. 2), an unwanted profile in the partial zone caused by the anti-bending effect is obtained. This is illustrated in fig. 4. Thus, the differential contour between the target contour and the deformation focus shape is summarized here, again without compensation for the 3100 mm wide band. At the same time, the solid curve represents the shape of the deformation center without compensating grinding, and the dash-dotted curve represents the target contour. Accordingly, the curve marked with a dashed line is a differential contour that is required to compensate for the anti-bending effect.

The compensating grind for the working roll is obtained from the differential circuit according to fig. 4, while the resulting difference is multiplied by the damping coefficient K, for example, 0.7. This coefficient is chosen in such a way that the appearance of thickened profile shapes is excluded with wide strips, and with narrower sizes, on the other hand, their effect is completely absent or represents only a minor obstacle.

The compensating grind for application to both working rolls 1, 2 is shown in fig. 5. You can see

From the deviation of the radius (A g) relative to the length of the barrel.

If the compensating grind is applied to only one work roll, its height is doubled accordingly.

In the area of the rolled material adjacent to the edges of the barrel, the contour should have a harmonic runout, as defined in fig. 5 position 8.

The effect of the additional grinding on the unloaded focus of deformation is shown in fig. b at different positions of axial movement. The solid line indicates in general terms the characteristics of the curve for working rolls 1, 2 without movement in the axial direction. Meanwhile, the dashed curve shows the characteristic that occurs if the upper and lower work rolls are moved relative to each other by 150 mm. So, fig. b represents the influence on the unloaded focus of deformation depending on the position of the axial movement. It can be noted that even with a relatively large axial movement of the rolls, the desired effect remains essentially constant.

Finally, in fig. Figure 7 shows the given and obtained shape of the deformation center when compensating grinding is applied. The resulting improvement in the shape of the profile is shown in a comparison of this contour with the original contour without compensation grinding in fig. 2.

Using a six-roll rolling mill instead of a four-roll rolling mill gives a similar result, while the support roll must be replaced with an intermediate roll. ke

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Claims (15)

1. A packaging unit (4) formed by six surfaces, which includes: a group of packages (1) filled with a liquid product, which are packages of the compressible type 1 containing a bottom wall and two opposite side walls, and the packages (1) in their vertical position have an upwardly tapered shape, wherein the packages (1) are arranged such that the side wall of each package (1) is turned towards the lower side of the package unit (4), and said packages (1) have an alternating orientation in the first direction 1 in the second direction opposite to the first direction; 1 film coating (5) which at least partially surrounds a group of packages (1) to ensure the dimensional stability of the packaging unit (4), and the film coating (5) is in contact with the packages on at least four of the specified six surfaces of the packaging unit (4), which is characterized in that the packages (1) are located one on top of the other in a plurality of layers, with a plurality of packages (1) in each layer; while packages (1) of a separate layer are equally oriented in the first or second direction; the film cover (5) is made of a sheet of plastic film material bonded together along four or fewer elongated sealed sections to form said film cover (5); 1 sealed areas are flexible 1/or bendable. 2. The packaging unit (4) according to claim 1, which differs in that it contains a handle (11). 3. The packaging unit (4) according to one of claims 1 or 2, which differs in that the number of packages (4) in each layer is the same. 4. A packaging unit (4) according to any of the previous items, characterized in that the group of packages (1) filled with a liquid product contains four, six, eight or ten packages (1). 5. The packaging unit (4) according to any of the previous items, characterized in that the plastic film covering (5) completely surrounds the group of packages (1). 6. The packaging unit (4) according to claim 5, which is characterized by the fact that the plastic film covering (5) contains one longitudinal and two transverse seams (13). 7. The packaging unit (4) according to any of the previous items, characterized in that the plastic film coating (5) is a film that shrinks. 8. The packaging unit (4) according to any of the previous items, characterized in that the plastic film covering (5) surrounds the group of packages (1) without a binding force. 9. The packaging unit (4) according to any of the previous items, characterized in that the plastic film covering (5) surrounds the group of packages (1) with a tightening force. 10. Transport unit (7), which is characterized by the fact that it contains a plurality of packing units according to claim 1. 11. The transport unit (7) according to claim 10, which is characterized by the fact that the packing units (4) are stacked on the pallet (8). 12. Transport unit (7) according to one of claims 10 or 11, which is characterized in that the stack formed from the specified packing units (4) is at least partially surrounded by a plastic film cover. 13. The method of execution of the packaging unit (4) formed by six surfaces, which includes the stages: arrangement of a group of packages (1) filled with a liquid product, which are packages of a compressible type and contain a bottom wall and two opposite side walls, so that the packages in in their vertical position, they have an upwardly narrowed shape, and are stacked one on top of the other in a plurality of layers, while in each layer there is a plurality of packages (1) in such a way that the packages (1) have an alternating orientation in the first direction 1 in the second direction opposite to the first direction ; and packages (1) of a separate layer are equally oriented so that the side wall of each package (1) is turned to the lower side of the packaging unit (4); m1 of at least partially wrapping packages (1) with a film coating (5) in such a way that the film coating (5) is in contact with the packages on at least four of the specified six surfaces of the packaging unit (4), 1 equipping the film coating (5) with four or less with seams (13) to ensure dimensional stability of the packaging unit (4), and the film cover (5) is made of a web of plastic film material joined together along four or fewer sealed areas to form said plastic film cover (5), while sealed sections are flexible and/or bendable. 14. The method according to claim 13, in which the specified plastic film covering (5) is a film wrapper wrapped around the packages (1). 15. The method according to one of claims 13 or 14, in which said plastic film covering (5) is a shrinkable film which is shrunk around the packages (1).