TWM508304U - Handheld electrocardio detection device - Google Patents

Description

Hand-held ECG detection device

The present invention relates to a hand-held ECG detecting device, and in particular, the present invention relates to a hand-held ECG detecting device that provides a variety of handheld operating mode options.

The popularity of cardiovascular diseases has made modern people pay more and more attention to cardiovascular health. Therefore, many related inspection devices that can be used at home have emerged, and ECG detection devices are one of them.

The hand-held or portable ECG detecting device uses a contact electrode, that is, a dry electrode, and can be measured without using a conductive paste, and has high convenience, so it is quite suitable for home or portable use, and therefore, There are more and more choices on the market.

Due to the use of contact electrodes, how to make the contact method more ergonomic, more stable, and reduce the signal defects caused by unstable and unnatural posture has become the design of today's handheld ECG detection device. Important points such as US 7,197,351, US 7,149,571, and US 2009/0299206 are all discussed in this regard.

In the past, the appearance of the handheld and portable ECG detection device was mostly based on a square design. Therefore, when selecting the position of the electrode, it is only possible to choose to be placed around the square and try to use Changing the surrounding shape of the square increases the convenience of use and increases the stability of the contact, which can be seen from the evolution of the above reference documents.

In addition, it can be known from the above-mentioned prior art that the measurement method of the handheld ECG detecting device can be mainly divided into two types, one is the method as shown in FIG. 1A, the body is held by four fingers and the contact is set at the same time. The electrode around the square is measured, and the other is the method as shown in Fig. 1B. The index finger is mainly used to contact the electrode on the square end surface while holding the machine for measurement.

The above two methods have their convenience in use, therefore, it is the current market. The mainstream handheld operation mode exists at the same time. However, as can be seen from the above content, the two design forms have certain restrictions on the handheld operation mode, that is, when the electrode position and the shape of the machine are fixed, if the user wants to adopt Different hand-held operation modes may result in unnatural postures and difficulty in electrode contact.

Therefore, if a handheld ECG detecting device can be provided, the user can freely change the handheld operating mode according to his or her own user habits or according to different usage environments and restrictions, for example, selecting FIG. 1A or The way shown in Figure 1B, or other ways of meeting personal habits, I believe that the popularity and development of handheld ECG detection devices will be of considerable help.

Accordingly, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hand-held ECG detecting device having a shape and an electrode setting position suitable for a plurality of hand-held operation modes at the same time, thereby allowing the user to freely adopt different hand-held operations according to different needs of the user. the way.

The present invention provides a hand-held ECG detecting device suitable for a plurality of hand-held operation modes, comprising a cylindrical-shaped housing, a first dry electrode, and a second dry electrode, wherein the housing has a length respectively An upper end portion and a lower end portion at both ends of the axial direction, and a surrounding surface surrounding the long shaft and connecting the upper end portion and the lower end portion, the first dry electrode being located at the upper end portion, the surrounding surface, or the lower end portion And the second dry electrode is located on the surface of the lower end portion, and the cylindrical housing is constructed together with the first and second dry electrodes to contact the first dry type by the user with a holding hand The use of the electrodes to bring the second dry electrode into contact with another limb or body surface provides a variety of hand-held operational options for the user to achieve this mode of use.

In a preferred embodiment, the wraparound surface is further configured to have a gripping aid structure to provide a plurality of hand-held operating mode options for achieving the manner of use with the cylindrical housing, wherein the wraparound The auxiliary structure may be one or more depressions or protrusions that conform to the gripping hand, for example, it may be a combination of a depression and a protrusion suitable for the shape of the hand, and may be a surface pattern, a protrusion, or the like that helps the hand to hold. It may also be a special shape that provides a visual effect at the same time, and therefore, there is no limitation, as long as any structure that can help the hand to carry out the hand-held operation is the manner in which the grip supporting structure of the present invention can be implemented.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the holding auxiliary structure can also be implemented to be disposed at the upper end portion. In this case, the holding auxiliary structure can be implemented into various shapes according to actual needs, which can be For example, depressions, bumps, curved surfaces, bevels, planes, etc., or any irregular shape, without any limitation, is merely an implementable method that can help hold the hand for hand-held operation.

In particular, the first dry electrode may be further disposed on the surface of the holding auxiliary structure to help the user perform the holding operation, and also achieve the contact between the holding hand and the first dry electrode. .

Here, it should be noted that the number and position of the holding auxiliary structure can be changed according to actual needs, for example, the holding auxiliary structure can be provided on the upper end portion or the surrounding surface, or on the surrounding surface. At the same time, there are a plurality of holding auxiliary structures and the like, and there is no certain limitation.

In addition, the handheld ECG detecting device according to the present invention may further include other electrodes beside the first dry electrode and the second dry electrode, for example, a reference electrode, which is also located on the surface of the housing, and may be the upper end. a portion, the lower end portion, and/or the surrounding surface to contact the gripping hand or another limb or body surface during electrocardiographic detection without any limitation, only at the first electrode and the second electrode Contact can also be reached at the same time.

Furthermore, the handheld ECG detecting device according to the present invention may also include a display component for displaying measurement related information during measurement and/or after measurement, for example, average heartbeat, electrocardiogram, analysis result, etc., and The interface is operated for the user to operate.

In addition, the surface of the lower end portion for arranging the second electrode may also be changed according to requirements, for example, it may be formed into a gentle protrusion to make the convenience of other parts of the skin easier, and thus, no limit.

Accordingly, by adopting a cylindrical-like housing different from the prior art, the handheld ECG detecting device according to the present invention can provide different options for the user to perform the handheld operation under the same electrode configuration, and can be used by the user. The hand-held operation can be freely changed according to actual needs without unnatural posture and unstable electrode contact, so that the user can obtain greater use benefits at the same purchase cost.

20‧‧‧ ECG detection device

22‧‧‧ upper part

23‧‧‧Lower part

24‧‧‧ Surround

25‧‧‧First dry electrode

26‧‧‧Second dry electrode

27‧‧‧ dent

28‧‧‧ dent

51‧‧‧First dry electrode

52‧‧‧Second dry electrode

53‧‧‧Multiple depressions

54‧‧‧ below the plane depression

91‧‧‧First dry electrode

92‧‧‧Second dry electrode

1A~1B: showing a hand-held ECG detecting device according to the prior art Handheld mode; 2A-2B diagram: showing a schematic diagram of a handheld ECG detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention; 2C-2F: showing a holding auxiliary structure at the upper end portion according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of the handheld ECG detecting device; Figures 3A to 3D: showing various handheld operating modes applicable to the ECG detecting device as shown in Figures 2A to 2F; Figures 4A to 4C: showing the heart as shown in Figures 2A-2F FIG. 5A-5B are diagrams showing a schematic diagram of a handheld ECG detecting device according to another embodiment of the present invention; and FIGS. 5C-5E showing a preferred embodiment according to the present invention. A schematic diagram of a handheld ECG detecting device having a holding assist structure; 6A-6C: showing various handheld operating modes applicable to the electrocardiographic detecting device as shown in FIGS. 5A-5E; 7A-7C: displaying The actual operation diagram of the electrocardiogram detecting device as shown in Figs. 5A to 5E; Figs. 8A to 8C: showing possible examples of the cylindrical housing such as the handheld ECG detecting device according to the present invention; Figs. 9A to 9B: showing according to The hand-held heart of the present embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of an electrical detection device; and Figure 10: shows a schematic diagram of a handheld electrocardiographic detection device according to the present invention connected to another physiological detection device.

The present invention will be fully understood by the following examples, which can be accomplished by those skilled in the art, and the implementation of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

When the hand-held ECG detection device adopts a rectangular shape, the holding method of the holding hand It is easily limited by the position of the electrode, that is, when the position of the electrode is fixed, the holding mode is also limited at the same time, just like the electrocardiogram detecting device shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B. Holding the device of Figure 1B in a manner that holds the device of Figure 1A, may cause the gripper to assume an unnatural angle, or the contact between the gripper and the electrode may be unstable, and vice versa, however, due to this The two handheld operation modes are the most popular forms of handheld ECG detection devices currently on the market. Therefore, users usually have to consider their own usage habits at the moment of purchase and decide what the desired holding method will not occur. It’s a problem that you’re not used to when you buy it home, but it’s really a problem for users who have never used it.

In addition, the evolution of the prior art US 7,149,571, US 7,197,351, and US 2009/0299206 shows that even after a long period of research and development, the appearance of the handheld ECG detection device is maintained in a rectangular shape, and various studies have been conducted. Both focus on changing the shape of the rectangle. This change does improve the comfort of the grip operation and eliminates the factors that may cause the signal to be incorrect. However, the user can freely change the handheld operation mode. The narrative has not yet been seen.

Therefore, if an electrocardiographic detecting device can be provided, the shape thereof allows the user to easily and easily change different hand-held operating modes to truly reflect the actual measurement requirements, and it is believed that the user can be brought to a considerable convenience.

Therefore, unlike the prior art, according to the ECG detecting device of the present invention, the housing adopts a cylindrical shape, which is mainly intended to eliminate the limitation of the conventional rectangle and redefine the ECG detection which is more suitable for handheld ergonomics. The shape of the device, and the main consideration for determining the shape is how to achieve the ergonomics that best meet the measurement in the hand-held manner, and to achieve the best hand-held comfort, in this way, between the hand and the electrode Naturally, there is good contact, and a clearer and better signal is measured. Here, the reason for choosing a cylindrical shape is:

1. The cylindrical shape is relatively less restrictive to the hand-held method than the rectangular design that requires the gripping action to fit the device, while the restrictions on holding the hand (eg, the size of the hand) are relatively small.

2. The nearly arc-shaped surface provided by the cylindrical shape can also compensate for the poor bonding between the hand and the surface of the casing when the rectangular shape is held.

2A-2B, which shows a schematic diagram of an electrocardiographic detecting device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown, an ECG detecting device 20 has a cylindrical housing having an upper end. The portion 22 and the lower end portion 23, and a surrounding surface 24 connecting the upper end portion and the lower end portion.

Here, the so-called cylindrical shape means that the housing only needs to be close to a cylindrical shape, for example, it may be a cylindrical shape having a partial shape change, or a cut surface as shown in FIG. 8A is nearly circular. The polygon, or the one having the D-shaped cut surface as shown in Fig. 8B, or the elliptical cut surface as shown in Fig. 8C, etc., therefore, the shape of the housing may vary depending on the design, and Any limitation, in addition, the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the cylindrical housing are not limited in scope, and may vary depending on the actual implementation.

Furthermore, the electrocardiographic detecting device may further comprise at least two dry electrodes disposed on the surface of the cylindrical casing for use as an electrocardiographic signal, wherein an electrode is used for holding with the user. The hand is in contact with the other electrode for contacting other parts of the skin other than the holding hand, for example, another limb, such as another hand, foot, etc., or a body surface such as a chest.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the two electrodes 25, 26 are respectively disposed on the upper end portion 22 and the lower end portion 23 for performing ECG signal extraction, where The dry electrode 25 is for contacting the grip when the electrocardiographic detecting device is held, and the second dry electrode 26 is for contacting the skin other than the gripping hand, for example, another limb, or a body surface.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 5A, the electrode is disposed on the surrounding surface 24, and the first dry electrode 51 disposed on the surrounding surface is used to contact the user's gripping hand. The second dry electrode 52 to contact another limb, or body surface, is located at the lower end portion 23. Here, the electrode on the surrounding surface may only surround the circumference of the portion as shown in FIG. 5A, or alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5D, around the entire circumference without any limitation, and the electrode 51 is The distribution pattern on the surrounding surface 24 is also not limited. For example, in addition to the convenience of contact, it may be formed into a pattern having a visual effect, for example, forming a heart shape or the like as long as the measurement is not affected.

In addition to the above electrode setting methods, there are other options, for example. In addition, the number may be increased as needed, for example, as a reference electrode, and the increased position may be different. For example, the upper end portion, the surrounding surface, and/or the lower end portion may be provided with more than two electrodes. Figure 5B shows the case where two electrodes are arranged on the surrounding surface, and Figure 8C shows the case where the second electrode is provided at the lower end portion, or the upper end portion, the surrounding surface, and the lower end portion may be provided with electrodes. It is only necessary for the user to easily contact the electrode, and therefore, there is no limitation.

Therefore, with the housing and electrode arrangement of the hand-held ECG detecting device according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a plurality of ways of holding the housing with one hand and contacting one of the electrodes to make the other electrode contact other parts of the body. Handheld mode of operation.

For example, when the two electrodes are respectively located at the upper end portion and the lower end portion, the user can surround the surrounding surface with four fingers, and touch the electrode at the upper end portion with a thumb (as shown in FIG. 3A), or The index or middle finger contacts the electrode at the upper end portion and maintains the cylindrical housing with other fingers (as shown in FIG. 3A), and when the two electrodes are respectively located at the surrounding surface and the lower end portion (eg, 6A) The above-mentioned two hand-held operation modes are also applicable when the upper end portion, the surrounding surface, and the lower end portion are provided with electrodes, as shown in FIG. 6B.

Since, compared to the rectangular design, when a cylindrical-like housing is used, it is preferable that the housing can hold the gripping hand completely, and the diameter does not need to be too large, and therefore, when different hand-held operation modes are employed The holding posture can be freely changed without limitation, and this is the biggest difference between the present and the rectangular design handheld ECG detecting device.

The electrocardiographic detection device according to the present invention may also include a grip, except that the cylindrical housing itself may provide a variety of hand-operated options for the manner in which one hand is held in contact with one of the electrodes and the other electrode is in contact with other parts of the body. Auxiliary structure is provided to further assist the user's handheld operation.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the grip assisting structure may be disposed at the upper end portion 22, and in this case, the grip assisting structure functions to provide a placement structure that facilitates placement of a finger placed at the upper end portion. For example, in the preferred embodiment as shown in FIG. 2C, the holding aid structure may be a recess 27 on the upper end portion to provide a finger curve. Concave, in addition, in another preferred embodiment as shown in FIG. 2D, the holding auxiliary structure may be an angled recess 28 on the upper end portion such that the recess fits exactly when the finger is held. Outside the position, the angle of the finger placement is further provided by the downward extension, or, as shown in FIG. 2E, the holding auxiliary structure can also be formed as a slope on the upper end portion, which also contributes to The contact of the hand is held. Therefore, the shape of the holding auxiliary structure is not particularly limited and may vary depending on the actual design, for example, it may be a convex (2F), a curved surface, a plane, a bevel, or an irregularity. Shape and so on.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the holding auxiliary structure may further be provided with an electrode 25 for contacting the holding hand. For example, in the case of FIG. 2C, the electrode 25 may be disposed only on the recess 27. Within the range, or extending the range of the recess 27, or as shown in FIGS. 2D and 2E, the electrode 25 may be equal to or smaller than the range of the recess or the slope, or as shown in FIG. 2F, the electrode 25 is formed. For the entire upper end portion, the contact between the electrode 25 and the finger can be more stabilized by the help of the holding auxiliary structure, which naturally helps to obtain a clearer signal.

Therefore, the actual operation may be, as shown in FIG. 3A, when the four fingers are used to surround the surrounding surface, the holding auxiliary structure and the electrode located at the upper end portion can directly contact the thumb, and, for example, the third As shown in Fig. 3C, when the five fingers are used to maintain the operation mode of the cylinder, the holding auxiliary structure can provide the position where the index finger or the middle finger is placed, so that no matter what hand-held mode is used, the user It can be naturally held, and the contact between the finger and the electrode is naturally achieved, and no matter whether the lower end is in contact with the body surface or another limb, as shown in Figures 4A to 4C, it does not appear to be operational. natural.

Moreover, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, the holding auxiliary structure may also be disposed on the surrounding surface 24, and in this case, the holding auxiliary structure functions to provide a favorable placement on the surrounding surface. The placement structure of the finger. For example, the holding aid structure may be a plurality of depressions conforming to the curved surface of the finger to provide a placement position when the finger contacts the surrounding surface. In a particular embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5C and 5D, The plurality of recesses 53 may be formed to be parallel to each other and perpendicular or at an angle to the long axis direction of the housing to more clearly guide the user's holding operation, or as shown in FIG. 5E, the holding assist Structure 54 can also be implemented simply as The manner of the depression lower than the plane of the surrounding surface may be formed as a design in which the depression and the projection are combined with each other, or a pattern similar to the slip surface, without any limitation.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, similarly, the holding auxiliary structure located on the surrounding surface 24 may further be provided with an electrode for contacting the holding hand, and the ergonomic surface is surrounded by the surface. The holding auxiliary structure can further reduce the situation that the user's finger may be over-stressed when the contact with the electrode disposed on the full surface may be insufficient, which naturally helps to obtain a clearer signal.

Therefore, the actual operation may be, whether it is a four-finger wrap around the surrounding surface, as shown in FIG. 6A, or a manner in which the five fingers are used to maintain the cylinder, such as FIG. 6B and 6C. As shown in the figure, the user can easily hold the hand and naturally reach the contact between the finger and the electrode, and whether it is the body surface or another limb, such as the 7A-7C, the operation is It doesn't look unnatural.

Here, it should be noted that the holding auxiliary structure has no absolute relationship with the setting of the electrodes, and the electrodes may or may not be disposed on the holding auxiliary structure, and the setting positions may also have respective considerations according to requirements. Completely unrestricted.

In addition, although the above description is based on an embodiment in which only a single holding auxiliary structure is provided on a cylindrical-like housing, in actual implementation, multiple embodiments may be implemented together. For example, the holding auxiliary structure may be Simultaneously present on the upper end portion and the surrounding surface, whether or not an electrode is located thereon, to further stabilize the hand-held operation, therefore, the number and setting position of the holding auxiliary structure are not limited, and Change in actual demand.

Furthermore, in a special embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9A, the first dry electrode 91 and the second dry electrode 92 can also be located at the lower end portion at the same time, because when the electrocardiographic signal at the position where the measurement is performed is strong enough, For example, when the chest is near the heart, measurement is only required when there is a distance between the first electrode 91 and the second electrode 92. In this case, the cylindrical casing is simply used as a medium for holding, or further, As shown in FIG. 9A, a grip assisting structure may also be formed on the surrounding surface or the upper end portion to make the grip smoother. Alternatively, in another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9B, Other electrodes, such as a reference electrode, may be disposed on the surrounding or upper end portion, and thus, there is no limitation.

In addition, the second end portion may also be formed as an ergonomic structure, such as a bevel, a protrusion, an irregular shape, etc., to further assist the electrode located on the second end portion, like the first end portion. Contact with the human body.

Here, it should be noted that although the above embodiments are described in a specific example, the position of the electrodes of the present invention is not limited to the specific examples given, as long as a cylindrical-like housing is used and The electrodes are disposed on the contactable surface of the cylindrical casing, so that the hand of the holding device can naturally contact the electrode during the hand-held ECG measurement, and can provide various hand-held operation modes, which are protected by the present invention. For example, the electrodes may be disposed on the upper and lower portions of the surrounding surface, or two electrodes may be disposed on the upper end portion, and the electrode arrangement manner described above is not limited to being used alone or simultaneously. For example, electrodes may be disposed on the upper and lower end portions and the surrounding surface at the same time. In addition, the number of electrodes may also vary according to actual needs. For example, a reference electrode may be added, and thus, it is not limited at all.

Furthermore, in particular, in order to provide a more convenient contact operation for the user, the electrodes (partial or all) used may be further provided with a mechanism for detecting whether the contact between the user and the electrodes is appropriate, for example, A contact sensing component is connected to sense a change in capacitance or resistance to know whether the electrode has contacted the human body, or a pressure sensing component can be connected to sense whether the force applied by the user to the electrode is appropriate or can be connected a switching element to know whether the user's applying force is sufficient, etc., according to which, more advantageously, the electrocardiogram detection can automatically start after the contact reaches a preset value, and even, It can be implemented to open the device by electrode contact.

In addition, in addition to the arrangement of the electrodes, the electrocardiographic detecting device may also have display elements for displaying relevant measurement information, for example, displaying an average heartbeat, a waveform, and a measurement, analysis result, etc. during the measurement and/or after the measurement is completed. The operation interface may also be included to facilitate the user to perform operations, for example, input related settings, select operation modes, and the like.

In addition, the ECG detecting device according to the present invention can also be implemented to be connectable to another physiological detecting device, as shown in FIG. 10, wherein the other physiological detecting device is of a type capable of providing an ECG signal. It is preferable to have a correlation information, such as, but not limited to, a sphygmomanometer, a blood oxygen sensor, etc., and when the two physiological detecting devices are combined, a total of components can be provided. Advantages of use, for example, the ECG signal detecting device according to the present invention may have only a power switch and a light signal indicating whether the measurement is normally performed and/or whether the measurement result is normal, and after the measurement is completed, the connection thereto is used. The display element of the other physiological detecting device can be displayed, and further calculation, analysis, and the like can be performed. Thus, the ECG detecting device according to the present invention can even be implemented to be more suitable for carrying size, or Alternatively, the ECG detecting device according to the present invention may receive a signal from another physiological detecting device and perform cross-referencing between the input signal and the signal itself, to obtain further results. It is not restricted in its implementation and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

In summary, according to the present invention, the hand-held ECG detecting device allows the user to be no longer used by adopting a cylindrical-like shape and a designed electrode disposed on the surface of the cylindrical-like housing. Limited to a specific operation form, different hand-held methods can be changed according to different usage requirements, so that users can obtain greater use benefits under the same purchase cost, and, in addition, due to the ECG configuration compared with the conventional rectangular configuration The detecting device, according to the cylindrical shape of the present invention, is more in line with the ergonomics of the hand-held operation. Therefore, the manner of the hand-held operation will not be limited to the position where the electrodes are disposed, and the user can perform the measuring operation more naturally.

Even though the present invention has been described in detail by the above-described embodiments, it can be modified by those skilled in the art, and is not intended to be protected by the appended claims.

20‧‧‧ ECG detection device

22‧‧‧ upper part

23‧‧‧Lower part

24‧‧‧ Surround

25‧‧‧First dry electrode

Claims (10)

A hand-held ECG detecting device suitable for a plurality of hand-held operation modes, comprising: a casing having a cylindrical shape, comprising: an upper end portion and a lower end portion respectively located at two ends of the longitudinal direction of the casing; and a Surrounding the circumference, surrounding the long axis, and connecting the upper end portion and the lower end portion; a first dry electrode at the upper end portion, the surrounding surface, or the lower end portion; a second dry electrode located at the lower end portion The cylindrical housing is configured together with the first dry electrode and the second dry electrode to contact the first dry electrode with a gripping hand to contact the second dry electrode The use of another limb or body surface provides a variety of hand-held modes of operation that the user can achieve in this manner of use. The device according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical casing has a circular, elliptical shape, a nearly circular polygon, or a D shape. The device of claim 1, wherein the surrounding surface is further configured to have a gripping aid structure to provide a plurality of hand-held operating mode options for achieving the manner of use with the cylindrical housing. The device of claim 3, wherein the first dry electrode is located on a surface of the holding aid structure. The device of claim 3, wherein the holding aid structure is at least one recess on the surrounding surface. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least one reference electrode located at the upper end portion, the surrounding surface, or the lower end portion. The device of claim 1, further comprising a display element for displaying measurement related information. The device according to claim 1, further connected to another physiological detecting device for transmitting the measured electrocardiographic signal to the other physiological detecting device for display, calculation and analysis. A hand-held ECG detecting device suitable for a plurality of hand-held operating modes, comprising: a casing having a cylindrical shape, comprising: an upper end portion and a lower end portion respectively located at two ends of the longitudinal direction of the casing; and a surrounding surface surrounding the long shaft and connecting the upper end portion and the lower end a first dry electrode; a second dry electrode positioned on a surface of the lower end portion; wherein the upper end portion is configured to have a holding auxiliary structure, and the first dry electrode is disposed on the holding assist a surface of the structure; and the cylindrical housing, the first and the second dry electrode together with the holding auxiliary structure provide a user with the second dry electrode contacting the first dry electrode with a holding hand A variety of hand-held modes of operation that achieve this mode of use in a manner of contact with another limb or body surface. The device of claim 9, wherein the holding auxiliary structure is a curved surface, a slope, a plane, a depression, or a protrusion.