M349886 八、新型說明 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作相關於自行車用的曲柄臂。另外，本創作相關 於具有此種曲柄臂的自行車。 【先前技術】 自行車的曲柄臂係操作來將由騎自行車者施加在踏板 上的力轉換成爲驅動轉矩。用於自行車的驅動轉矩藉著已 知的包含鏈條、有齒的輪件、齒輪等的機械多體（multi body)系統而使自行車運動。 在論及曲柄臂的構造及設計時的一特定特徵爲負荷承 載區域，亦即負荷施加及/或被傳遞的區域。例如，踏板 軸附著的區域或踏板軸由曲柄臂接收的區域必須以補償上 述負荷的方式被設計，以防止例如變形等的損壞、張力集 中、或其他不想要有的效應。 在現有技術中已知有不同的降低負荷的用來配置踏板 軸以由自行車的曲柄臂接收的方案。 例如，公開的美國專利申請案第2004/005 54 1 2 A1號 中敘述具有踏板連接部份的曲柄臂。踏板連接部份包含具 有車削內螺紋的通孔。具有外螺紋的軸套旋入在此內螺紋 通孔內。軸套在其外端部處包含六角形頭部，用於軸套的 組裝以及用來組裝踏板單元。軸套另外包含用來以耐轉矩 (torque proof )方式接收踏板軸的六角形輪廓的區段的 六角形輪廓的盲孔。踏板軸的六角形輪廓的區段包含具有 -4- M349886 內螺紋的盲孔。一平頭螺釘被旋入踏板軸的六角 區段的內螺紋盲孔內’而此螺釘係從與踏板軸通 的內螺紋通孔相反之側被旋入，因而將踏板軸保 軸向方向。 公開的美國專利申請案第2004/00554 1 3 A1 如同上述前案中所敘述者的曲柄臂，但是不具有 形頭部的軸套。 美國專利第7,225,703 B2號揭示一種曲柄臂 踏板軸的一區段藉著滾珠軸承而被可旋轉地配置 承被配置在一螺紋環件內，而螺紋環件被旋入曲 有內螺紋的孔內。可旋轉的踏板軸是藉著一平頭 軸向上被固定，而此平頭螺釘係從曲柄臂的另一 至踏板軸的上述區段內。 關於已知的現有技術，可觀察到已有包含許 踏板軸連接於曲柄臂的不同組件的數個複雜的方 。所揭示的方案均必須有相當程度的熟練度及時 或更換零件。另外，負荷的傳遞不利且橫越許多 件發生。 【新型內容】 因此，本創作所想要的是提供一種曲柄臂， 佳方式接收踏板軸的方式被配置。爲解決此問題 提供根據申請專利範圍請求項第1項的方案。 本創作相關於用於二輪車例如自行車或單輪 形輪廓的 過曲柄臂 持固定於 號中敘述 包含六角 ’藉以使 。滾珠軸 柄臂的具 螺釘而在 側被旋入 多用來將 案被揭示 間來組裝 分開的組 其以用最 ，本創作 車的曲柄 -5- M349886 臂。此曲柄臂包含孔。此孔包含配置來藉著軸套而以耐轉 矩方式接收踏板軸的第一區域。孔的第一區域可與軸套相 配接。孔另外包含可與踏板軸相配接的第二區域。藉此， 本創作提供具有簡單的構造的曲柄臂，並且提供容許踏板 有簡單組裝可能性的曲柄臂。 根據本創作的另一方面，孔的第一區域及/或孔的第 二區域可配置成至少二階段套筒的方式。另外，第一區域 Φ 的至少一區段具有比第二區域的至少一區段大的直徑。此 表示存在有階梯或凸出部份，其理想地成爲軸套及/或踏 板軸的一區段的抵靠元件，而可用於支撐及/或軸向固定 的目的。成爲套筒形在此處表示例如第一區域及/或第二 區域是由具有不同直徑及不同長度的數個盲孔產生。 根據本創作的另一方面，第二區域的至少一部份可截 頭錐式地形成或形成爲截頭錐形。第二區域的截頭錐形組 態容許最佳地接收踏板軸或踏板軸的相應的類似區段。 0 在本創作的另一較佳實施例中，其相關於一種曲柄臂 ，其中第一區域包含至少第一接觸表面及/或至少第二接 觸表面。第一及/或第二接觸表面可被配置成爲用於軸套 的相應表面的限制止擋表面或抵靠部，使得根據需求，曲 柄臂的結構中的力的分佈可以配合。 根據本創作的另一方面，第一區域可包含至少一區段 係截頭錐式地形成。此容許軸套在組裝程序期間易於插入 。另外，此導致力或負荷的平滑重新定向（smooth redirection) ° -6 - M349886 根據本創作的另一方面，在根據本創作的較佳實施例 的曲柄臂中，相對於孔的長度，第一區域可爲第二區域的 兩倍大。因此，據此配置的軸套被孔最佳地接收及支撐’ 因而避免太短的軸套所可能導致的張力集中。 根據本創作的另一方面，孔的第一區域可被配置成三 階段套筒的方式。因此，具有相應地形成的外部輪廓的軸 套可被孔最佳地接收，且軸套可藉著至少一接觸或限制止 Φ 擋表面而被最佳地支撐。 根據另一方面，第一區域的第二階段的長度與第一區 域的第一階段的長度及/或第一區域的第三階段的長度相 比可具有至少兩倍的尺寸。藉此。第一區域的三階段套筒 狀組態被最佳地配置。 根據本創作的另一方面，第一階段至第二階段的過渡 部份及/或第二階段至第三階段的過渡部份可被圓角化及/ 或被截角。藉此，可避免任何應力集中，因爲其可能具有 φ 成爲變形的形式的有害效應。 根據本創作的另一方面’從第二階段至第一階段的過 渡部份可被圓角化及/或被截角。此導致如上所述的類似 功效。 根據本創作的另一方面，外殼及/或可旋轉的元件可 由金屬例如鋼、鋁等構成。 另外，應注意以上所述的特性可任意地結合’以達成 根據本創作的曲柄臂的另外的變化態樣。 以另外的方面爲基礎，本創作也相關於具有至少一個 M349886 曲柄臂的自行車，其中曲柄臂爲以上所述者的變化態樣。 本創作的另外特性及特徵可藉著所附圖式及以下的本 創作的變化態樣的詳細敘述而推知。應瞭解這些圖式及敘 述純粹爲舉例說明，而絕非要限制本創作。 以下的詳細敘述揭示使熟習此項技術者可實施本創作 的教示。 Φ 【實施方式】 圖1顯示現有技術中已知的曲柄臂1的示意剖面，其 中曲柄臂1具有孔2，用來藉著具有墊圏7的軸套或螺紋 軸套3而供踏板軸6或踏板軸6的一區段插入。螺紋軸套 3及墊圏7以安裝狀態被顯示。 孔2在現有技術的圖1所示的曲柄臂1的區段中包含 三個區段或三個階段2.1、2.2、及2.3，而每一個區段或 階段具有不同的直徑。？L 2的三個階段2 . 1、2 · 2、及2.3 φ 沿著孔的軸線X-X具有不同的長度或深度。 螺紋軸套3具有成型（profiled)通孔，亦即具有內 螺紋3.1的通孔。圖1所示的剖面代表具有τ形形狀的螺 紋軸套3，其具有第一螺紋軸套限制止擋表面3.2及第二 螺紋軸套限制止擋表面3.3。螺紋軸套3在被安裝至曲柄 臂1內的期間由側面1A被引入孔2內。螺紋軸套3被接 收在孔2的階段2.1及2.2內。在孔2的第一階段2.1中 ，第一間隙8.]位在螺紋軸套3或螺紋軸套3的外表面與 孔2的第一階段2.1的內表面之間。在孔2的第二階段 -8- M349886 2.2中，螺紋軸套3成爲配合或可配接（adapted to)或符 合（conformed to )第二階段2_2的直徑的方式，使得螺 紋軸套3的外表面接觸孔2的第二階段2.2的內表面或是 被固持在孔2的第二階段2.2內。 另外，螺紋軸套限制止擋表面3.2於孔的軸線χ-χ的 方向與第一階段2.1的端部接觸，亦即與從孔2的第一階 段2.1至第二階段2.2的過渡表面接觸或抵靠。 φ 在所示的曲柄臂1的部份的與側面1 A相反的側面1b ，在將踏板軸6組裝在曲柄臂1上時，於孔2的第三階段 3.2的孔區段中配置有墊圈7。墊圈7具有第一墊圈限制 止擋表面7.1。第一墊圈限制止擋表面7.1於孔的軸線χ_ X的方向接觸第三階段2.3的端部，亦即其接觸孔2的第 三階段2.3與第二階段2.2之間的過渡表面。 孔2的第三階段2.3的直徑（亦即其內部圓周的直徑 )成爲配合墊圈7的外部直徑，且與孔的第二階段2.2的 Φ 直徑相比較大。 踏板軸6在一側包含具有外螺紋的螺栓或軸6.1。螺 栓6.1係操作來藉著以螺紋栓接於螺紋軸套3的內螺紋 3 .1而將踏板軸6附著在曲柄臂1中。 在組裝狀態中，踏板軸6的螺栓6.1由內螺紋3. 1接 收或以螺紋栓接，其方式爲使得踏板軸限制止擋表面6.2 接觸墊圈7的第二墊圈限制止擋表面7·2。 在圖1所示的組態中，爲了將踏板軸6接收在曲柄臂 1內，提供了複雜的用來將踏板軸6組裝於曲柄臂1的方 -9- M349886 案。如前所述，此構造除其他部份或零件外還必須有具有 適當剛性及幾何尺寸的墊圈7，以提供可接受的支撐來將 負荷從踏板軸6傳遞至曲柄臂1。要有墊圈7的要求是在 於孔及相應的成比例截面均被適當地定尺寸。 以下的本創作的例子的敘述係如上所述用來舉例說明 避開習知技術的已知缺陷的方案。 圖2顯示根據本創作的曲柄臂1的例子的一區段及軸 φ 套或螺紋軸套3的剖面，以及踏板軸6的一區段。曲柄臂 1可被安裝於兩輪車（未顯示），例如自行車或機車。另 外’曲柄臂1可被安裝在單輪車上或被安裝在三輪車的車 輪上（也未顯示）。 根據本創作的曲柄臂〗可由金屬或金屬合金構成，例 如銘、鋼、鎂。或者，曲柄臂1也可由從玻璃及/或以碳 纖維爲基礎的材料製成的複合材料構成。 所顯示的根據本創作的曲柄臂1的區段包含孔2，其 # 從曲柄臂1的側面1A沿著孔的軸線X-X延伸至曲柄臂1 的側面1 B。 孔2包含第—區域2a及第二區域2b。與第二區域2b 沿著孔的軸線χ-χ延伸的範圍或長度相比，第一區域2 a 口著孔的軸線X - X延伸的範圍或長度爲至少兩倍大。 第一區域2a與螺紋軸套3 —起操作來以耐轉矩方式 接收踏板軸6’亦即第一區域2a因此可配接螺紋軸套3。 2的第二區域2b可配接踏板軸的一區段或可配接 踏板軸6。以下會更詳細說明這些方面。 -10- M349886 孔2的第一區域2a被配置成爲如同三階段套 telescopic cylinder) ^ 因此，第一區域 2a 包含第一 2.1、第二階段2.2、及第三階段2.3。第一階段2.1 徵在於沿著孔的軸線X-X的第一長度L2.1及第一 D2.1。第二階段2.2的特徵在於沿著孔的軸線X-X的 長度L2.2及第二直徑D2.2。第三階段2.3的特徵在 著孔的軸線X-X的第三長度L2.3及第三直徑D2.3。 φ 藉著使第一區域2a被配置成爲至少二階段套筒 式，第一直徑D2.1大於第二直徑D2.2且大於第三 D2.3，其中第二直徑D2.2也大於第三直徑D2.3。如 中的例子所示，第二長度L2.2較大，亦即爲第一 L2.1或第三長度L2.3的至少兩倍大。或者，第二 L2.2可爲第一長度L2.1與第三長度L2.3加在一起的 兩倍大。 由於如以上所說明的第一階段2.1的第一直徑 φ 及第二階段2.2的第二直徑D2.2的尺寸，第一階段2 含於孔的軸線X-X的方向的第一接觸表面或限制止擋 4。第一限制止擋表面4具有環狀形狀。由於如以上 明的第二階段2.2的第二直徑D2.2及第三階段2.3的 直徑D2.3的尺寸，第二階段2.2包含於孔的軸線X-方向的第二接觸表面或限制止擋表面5。第二限制止 面5具有環狀形狀。 如圖2的例子所示，於曲柄臂1的側面1 B的沿 的軸線X-X緊鄰於孔2的第一區域2a的孔2的第二 筒（ 階段 的特 直徑 第二 於沿 的方 直徑 圖2 長度 長度 至少 D2.1 • 1包 表面 所說 第三 X的 擋表 著孔 區域 -11 - M349886 2b被截頭錐式地（frusto-conically )配置，亦即第二 2b在所示的剖面中具有梯形形狀。第二區域2b可配 板軸6或踏板軸6的一區段，其方式爲例如形成第二 2b的第三接觸表面或限制止擋表面9。第三限制止擋 9具有環狀形狀。 在組裝階段中，踏板軸6的一部份或區段以及軸 螺紋軸套3被接收在曲柄臂1的孔2內或由曲柄臂1 φ 2接收。此會在以下說明。 軸套或螺紋軸套3具有實質上T形的形狀，如圖 所示的剖面所示。或者，螺紋軸套3也可具有有固定 部直徑的圓筒形狀。螺紋軸套3的特徵在於相對於孔 線Χ·Χ的第一螺紋軸套長度L3.1及第一螺紋軸套 D3.1、以及第二螺紋軸套長度L3.2及第二螺紋軸套 D3.2。 第一螺紋軸套直徑D3.1大於第二螺紋軸套直徑 # 。第一螺紋軸套長度L3.1比第二螺紋軸套長度L3.2 螺紋軸套3包含切削有螺紋的孔。內螺紋3 . 1沿著螺 套3的第一及第二螺紋軸套長度L3.1及L3.2延伸。 紋3.1被配置來配合方式接收踏板軸6的螺栓6.1。 如前所述，圖2顯示踏板軸6的一區段，其成爲 外螺紋的螺栓，亦即螺栓6. 1。踏板軸6另外包含接 面或踏板軸限制止擋表面6.2。踏板軸抵靠或限制止 面6.2具有環狀形狀。踏板軸限制止擋表面6.2被配 在踏板軸6與曲柄臂1及螺紋軸套3組裝在一起時由 區域 接踏 區域 表面 套或 的孔 2中 的外 的軸 直徑 直徑 D3.2 短。 紋軸 內螺 具有 觸表 擋表 置來 孔2 -12- M349886 的第二區域2b接收。以下會敘述組裝狀態。 此例子中所示的螺紋軸套3的至少其第二螺紋軸套直 徑D3.2被定尺寸成爲使得在組裝階段中，在曲柄臂1的 孔2內的螺紋軸套3至少接觸第二階段2.2的內表面。換 句話說’第二階段2.2的第二直徑D2.2至少在實質上不 大於第二螺紋軸套直徑D 3.2。 另外’沿著在第二階段2.2的區域內的第二長度L2.2 φ 或沿著螺紋軸套3的第二螺紋軸套長度L3.2，在第二長度 L2.2及第二螺紋軸套長度L3.2被因應地定尺寸的情況下 ’壓入配合產生在螺紋軸套3與第二階段2.2之間。屆時 ’螺紋軸套3可因此藉著摩擦接合而以耐轉矩的方式被接 收在孔2中。 或者’螺紋軸套可被膠黏於孔的第一區域2a內。在 另一種配置中’孔2的第一區域2a可形成爲具有六角形 的輪廓而非圓形。螺紋軸套3可具有相應的外部輪廓以用 φ 耐轉矩的方式被孔2接收。 另外’第二螺紋軸套長度L3.2還可被定尺寸成爲使 得第二螺紋軸套限制止擋表面3.3與第二限制止擋表面5 接觸，及使得第一螺紋軸套限制止檔表面3.2與第一限制 止擋表面4接觸，因而於孔的軸線X-X的方向有效地支撐 螺紋軸套3。 或者，螺紋軸套3可使其第一及第二螺紋軸套長度 L3.1及L3.2被定尺寸成爲使得只有第二螺紋軸套限制止 擋表面3.3與第二限制止擋表面5接觸，或只有第—螺紋 -13- M349886 軸套限制止擋表面3 _2與第一限制止擋表面4接觸。在螺 紋軸套3具有T形形狀且只有第一螺紋軸套限制止擋表面 3.2與孔2的第一限制止擋表面4接觸的情況中，在第二 螺紋軸套限制止擋表面3.3與孔2的第二限制止擋表面5 之間有間隙（未顯示）。 孔2的第一及/或第二限制止擋表面4、5的接觸面實 質上是垂直於孔的軸線X-X，這是由於踏板軸6的螺栓 φ 6.1以螺紋旋入螺紋軸套3的內螺紋3.1內及螺紋軸套3 實質上是於軸向方向（亦即沿著孔的軸線X-X的方向）而 有嘗試將螺紋軸套3拉向踏板軸6的力量的事實所造成。 另一方面，螺紋軸套3的有關其長度L3.1、L3.2及直徑 D3.1、D3.2的尺寸及配置則決定孔2的限制止擋表面4及 5的接觸數目。 孔2的第二區域2b形成爲使得踏板軸限制止擋表面 6_2接觸或抵罪第一區域2b的第三限制止擋表面9。 φ 螺紋軸套3及踏板軸6二者在組裝狀態中於相應的階 段及/或接觸面處均是藉著螺紋或螺栓連接及/或孔2的限 制止擋表面而被支撐。 因此’所導致的踏板軸6與曲柄臂1的整合（ integration )或連接就關於要被傳遞的負荷及組裝而言被 最佳化。 圖3顯示根據本創作的曲柄臂的另一例子的部份視圖 。所顯示的曲柄臂1的特徵實質上如同圖2所示者。但是 ’圖中顯示另外的配置及/或特徵’其會在以下被更詳細 -14- M349886 地敘述。爲簡要起見，圖2已顯示的特徵會被省略。 圖3的孔2另外的特徵在於具有以截角方式配置的從 第一階段2.1至第二階段2.2的過渡部份U12。因此，第 一區域2a的此區段是以截頭錐形的方式被配置。此方便 螺紋軸套3的插入至孔2內。或者，過渡部份U12也可成 爲圓角狀。 從第二階段2.2至第三階段2.3的過渡部份U23及/或 φ 從第三階段2.3至第二區域2b的過渡部份U32b也可類似 方式被配置。此容許張力及/或屈曲力可有「較爲平滑（ smoother)」的重新定向（redirection)且避免有張力集 中的高張力區域》 圖3中的例子所示的曲柄臂1顯示第二階段2.2在與 第三階段2.3過渡之處有圓角化邊緣。此如以上所說明的 具有導引藉著螺紋軸套3而連接的曲柄臂1及踏板軸6內 的力或負荷的有利功效。 # 第二階段2.2的端部部份E2.2可被圓角化及/或也被 截角。 圖4爲完整起見顯示根據本創作的曲柄臂丨，其中曲 柄臂1的一區段的剖面顯示在圖3中且相關於圖3被敘述 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1顯示現有技術中已知的曲柄臂的剖面，其中曲柄 臂具有配置來藉著螺紋軸套及墊圏而接收踏板軸的孔。 -15- M349886 圖2顯示根據本創作的例示性曲柄臂的一區段及軸套 的剖面，其中一起顯示踏板軸的一區段。 圖3顯示根據本創作的曲柄臂的另一例示性例子的一 區段的剖面。 圖4顯示在圖3中以剖面圖.部份地顯示的根據本創作 的曲柄臂。 φ 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :曲柄臂 1 A :側面 1 B :側面 2 :孔 2 a :第一區域 2b :第二區域 ：第一區段或階段 φ 2.2:第二區段或階段 2.3 :第三區段或階段 3 :軸套或螺紋軸套 3 1 :內螺紋 3 ·2 :第一螺紋軸套限制止擋表面 3 ·3 :第二螺紋軸套限制止擋表面 4 :第一接觸表面或限制止擋表面 5:第二接觸表面或限制止擋表面 6 :踏板軸 -16-M349886 VIII. New description [New technical field] This creation is related to the crank arm for bicycles. In addition, this creation relates to a bicycle having such a crank arm. [Prior Art] The crank arm of the bicycle is operated to convert the force applied by the cyclist to the pedal into the driving torque. The driving torque for the bicycle is caused to move by a known mechanical multi-body system including a chain, a toothed wheel, a gear, and the like. A particular feature in the construction and design of the crank arm is the load bearing area, i.e. the area where the load is applied and/or transmitted. For example, the area to which the pedal shaft is attached or the area in which the pedal shaft is received by the crank arm must be designed to compensate for the above load to prevent damage such as deformation, tension buildup, or other undesirable effects. Different load reducing arrangements for configuring the pedal shaft for receipt by the crank arm of the bicycle are known in the prior art. A crank arm having a pedal connecting portion is described in, for example, U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 2004/005, filed on Jan. The pedal connection section includes a through hole with a turned internal thread. A bushing having an external thread is screwed into the internally threaded through hole. The bushing includes a hexagonal head at its outer end for assembly of the bushing and for assembling the pedal unit. The bushing additionally includes a blind hole for receiving a hexagonal profile of the section of the hexagonal profile of the pedal shaft in a torque proof manner. The section of the hexagonal profile of the pedal shaft contains blind holes with internal threads of -4- M349886. A grub screw is screwed into the female threaded blind hole of the hexagonal section of the pedal shaft and the screw is screwed in from the side opposite the internal threaded through hole of the pedal shaft, thereby maintaining the pedal shaft in the axial direction. The disclosed U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 2004/00554 1 3 A1 is a crank arm as described in the above-mentioned prior, but does not have a sleeve with a head. U.S. Patent No. 7,225,703 B2 discloses a section of a crank arm pedal shaft that is rotatably disposed in a threaded ring member by a ball bearing, and the threaded ring member is screwed into a threaded internal bore. . The rotatable pedal shaft is axially fixed by a flat head which is from the other of the crank arms to the aforementioned section of the pedal shaft. With regard to the known prior art, it has been observed that there are several complicated ways of including different components of the pedal shaft connected to the crank arm. The disclosed solutions must have a considerable degree of proficiency or replacement of parts in a timely manner. In addition, the transfer of load is unfavorable and occurs across many pieces. [New content] Therefore, what is desired in the present invention is to provide a crank arm in which the pedal shaft is preferably received. In order to solve this problem, a solution according to claim 1 of the patent application scope is provided. This creation relates to a crank handle for a two-wheeled vehicle such as a bicycle or a single wheel profile that is fixed in the number that contains a hexagonal hex. The ball shaft arm has a screw and is screwed on the side. It is used to assemble the case separately. The separate group is used for the crank of the most used car -5-M349886 arm. This crank arm contains holes. The aperture includes a first region configured to receive the pedal shaft in a torque-resistant manner by means of a bushing. The first region of the aperture can be mated with the sleeve. The aperture additionally includes a second region that is engageable with the pedal shaft. Thereby, the present invention provides a crank arm having a simple configuration and provides a crank arm that allows the pedal to have a simple assembly possibility. According to another aspect of the present invention, the first region of the aperture and/or the second region of the aperture can be configured in a manner of at least a two-stage sleeve. Additionally, at least one section of the first region Φ has a larger diameter than at least a segment of the second region. This means that there are steps or projections which ideally serve as abutment elements for a section of the sleeve and/or the pedal shaft for purposes of support and/or axial fixation. Being in the form of a sleeve here means, for example, that the first region and/or the second region are produced by a plurality of blind holes having different diameters and different lengths. According to another aspect of the present invention, at least a portion of the second region may be frustoconically formed or formed into a truncated cone shape. The frustoconical configuration of the second region allows for optimal reception of corresponding similar segments of the pedal shaft or pedal shaft. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it relates to a crank arm wherein the first region comprises at least a first contact surface and/or at least a second contact surface. The first and/or second contact surfaces can be configured as limit stop surfaces or abutments for respective surfaces of the bushing such that the distribution of forces in the structure of the crank arms can be matched as desired. According to another aspect of the present invention, the first region may comprise at least one segment that is frustoconically formed. This allows the bushing to be easily inserted during the assembly process. In addition, this results in a smooth redirection of the force or load. -6 - M349886 According to another aspect of the present invention, in the crank arm according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, relative to the length of the hole, the first The area can be twice as large as the second area. Therefore, the bushing thus configured is optimally received and supported by the holes' thus avoiding the concentration of tension that may be caused by a bushing that is too short. According to another aspect of the present invention, the first region of the aperture can be configured in the manner of a three-stage sleeve. Thus, the sleeve having the correspondingly formed outer contour can be optimally received by the aperture, and the sleeve can be optimally supported by at least one contact or limit stop surface. According to another aspect, the length of the second phase of the first region may have at least twice the size as compared to the length of the first phase of the first region and/or the length of the third phase of the first region. Take this. The three-stage sleeve configuration of the first zone is optimally configured. According to another aspect of the present creation, the transition portion of the first stage to the second stage and/or the transition portion of the second stage to the third stage may be rounded and/or truncated. Thereby, any stress concentration can be avoided because it may have a detrimental effect that φ becomes a form of deformation. According to another aspect of the present creation, the transition portion from the second stage to the first stage can be rounded and/or truncated. This results in similar efficacy as described above. According to another aspect of the present invention, the outer casing and/or the rotatable element may be constructed of a metal such as steel, aluminum or the like. In addition, it should be noted that the features described above can be arbitrarily combined to achieve additional variations of the crank arms according to the present teachings. Based on a further aspect, the present work is also related to a bicycle having at least one M349886 crank arm, wherein the crank arm is a variation of the above. Further features and characteristics of the present invention can be derived from the detailed description of the variations of the present invention in the drawings and the following. It should be understood that these figures and narratives are purely illustrative and are in no way intended to limit the creation. The following detailed description discloses teachings that can be implemented by those skilled in the art. Φ [Embodiment] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross section of a crank arm 1 known in the prior art, wherein the crank arm 1 has a hole 2 for the pedal shaft 6 by means of a bushing or threaded bushing 3 having a pad 7 Or a section of the pedal shaft 6 is inserted. The threaded bushing 3 and the pad 7 are displayed in an installed state. The hole 2 comprises three sections or three stages 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 in the section of the crank arm 1 shown in Figure 1 of the prior art, with each section or stage having a different diameter. ? The three stages of L 2 2. 1 , 2 · 2, and 2.3 φ have different lengths or depths along the axis X-X of the hole. The threaded bushing 3 has a profiled through hole, i.e., a through hole having an internal thread 3.1. The section shown in Fig. 1 represents a threaded sleeve 3 having a z-shape having a first threaded sleeve limiting stop surface 3.2 and a second threaded sleeve limiting stop surface 3.3. The threaded sleeve 3 is introduced into the hole 2 by the side 1A during installation into the crank arm 1. The threaded bushing 3 is received in stages 2.1 and 2.2 of the bore 2. In the first stage 2.1 of the bore 2, the first gap 8.] is situated between the outer surface of the threaded sleeve 3 or the threaded sleeve 3 and the inner surface of the first stage 2.1 of the bore 2. In the second stage of the hole 2 - 8 - M349886 2.2, the threaded bushing 3 is adapted or adaptable to conform to the diameter of the second stage 2_2 such that the threaded sleeve 3 is external The inner surface of the second stage 2.2 of the surface contact hole 2 is either held in the second stage 2.2 of the hole 2. In addition, the threaded sleeve limit stop surface 3.2 is in contact with the end of the first stage 2.1 in the direction of the axis χ-χ of the bore, ie with the transition surface from the first stage 2.1 to the second stage 2.2 of the bore 2 or Reach. φ In the side 1b of the portion of the crank arm 1 opposite to the side 1 A shown, when the pedal shaft 6 is assembled on the crank arm 1, a gasket is arranged in the hole section of the third stage 3.2 of the hole 2. 7. The washer 7 has a first washer limiting stop surface 7.1. The first washer limiting stop surface 7.1 contacts the end of the third stage 2.3 in the direction of the axis χ_X of the hole, i.e., the transition surface between the third stage 2.3 and the second stage 2.2 of the contact hole 2. The diameter of the third stage 2.3 of the bore 2 (i.e., the diameter of its inner circumference) becomes the outer diameter of the mating washer 7, and is larger than the Φ diameter of the second stage 2.2 of the bore. The pedal shaft 6 comprises a bolt or shaft 6.1 with external threads on one side. The bolt 6.1 is operated to attach the pedal shaft 6 to the crank arm 1 by bolting the internal thread 3.1 of the threaded sleeve 3. In the assembled state, the bolt 6.1 of the pedal shaft 6 is received or threaded by an internal thread 3.1 in such a way that the pedal shaft limits the stop surface 6.2 to contact the second washer limiting stop surface 7·2 of the washer 7. In the configuration shown in Fig. 1, in order to receive the pedal shaft 6 in the crank arm 1, a complicated -9-M349886 for assembling the pedal shaft 6 to the crank arm 1 is provided. As previously mentioned, this configuration must have, in addition to other parts or parts, a gasket 7 of suitable rigidity and geometry to provide acceptable support for transferring load from the pedal shaft 6 to the crank arm 1. The requirement for a gasket 7 is that the holes and corresponding proportional sections are properly sized. The following description of the examples of the present creation is used to exemplify a solution to avoid the known deficiencies of the prior art. Figure 2 shows a section of an example of a crank arm 1 according to the present invention and a section of a shaft φ sleeve or threaded sleeve 3, and a section of the pedal shaft 6. The crank arm 1 can be mounted to a two-wheeled vehicle (not shown) such as a bicycle or a locomotive. Alternatively, the crank arm 1 can be mounted on a single wheel or mounted on a wheel of a tricycle (also not shown). According to the creation of the crank arm, it can be made of metal or metal alloy, such as Ming, steel and magnesium. Alternatively, the crank arm 1 can also be constructed of a composite material made of glass and/or carbon fiber based materials. The section of the crank arm 1 according to the present invention shown comprises a hole 2 which extends from the side 1A of the crank arm 1 along the axis X-X of the hole to the side 1 B of the crank arm 1. The hole 2 includes a first region 2a and a second region 2b. The extent or length of the axis X-X of the first region 2a is greater than at least twice as large as the extent or length of the second region 2b extending along the axis 孔-χ of the aperture. The first region 2a operates in conjunction with the threaded sleeve 3 to receive the pedal shaft 6' in a torque-resistant manner, i.e., the first region 2a, so that the threaded sleeve 3 can be mated. The second region 2b of 2 can be coupled to a section of the pedal shaft or can be coupled to the pedal shaft 6. These aspects are described in more detail below. -10- M349886 The first region 2a of the hole 2 is configured like a three-stage telescopic cylinder. ^ Therefore, the first region 2a contains the first 2.1, the second phase 2.2, and the third phase 2.3. The first stage 2.1 is characterized by a first length L2.1 along the axis X-X of the aperture and a first D2.1. The second stage 2.2 is characterized by a length L2.2 along the axis X-X of the bore and a second diameter D2.2. The third stage 2.3 is characterized by a third length L2.3 and a third diameter D2.3 of the axis X-X of the hole. φ By arranging the first region 2a to be at least a two-stage sleeve type, the first diameter D2.1 is greater than the second diameter D2.2 and greater than the third D2.3, wherein the second diameter D2.2 is also greater than the third Diameter D2.3. As shown in the example above, the second length L2.2 is larger, i.e., at least twice as large as the first L2.1 or the third length L2.3. Alternatively, the second L2.2 may be twice as large as the first length L2.1 and the third length L2.3. Due to the size of the first diameter φ of the first stage 2.1 and the second diameter D2.2 of the second stage 2.2 as explained above, the first stage 2 contains the first contact surface in the direction of the axis XX of the aperture or limits Block 4. The first limit stop surface 4 has an annular shape. Due to the size of the second diameter D2.2 of the second stage 2.2 and the diameter D2.3 of the third stage 2.3 as described above, the second stage 2.2 comprises a second contact surface or limit stop in the X-direction of the axis of the bore Surface 5. The second restriction stop surface 5 has an annular shape. As shown in the example of Fig. 2, the axis XX of the edge of the side 1 B of the crank arm 1 is adjacent to the second barrel of the hole 2 of the first region 2a of the hole 2 (the diameter of the stage is the second diameter of the second diameter of the edge) 2 length length at least D2.1 • 1 pack surface said third X stop surface area -11 - M349886 2b is frusto-conically configured, ie the second 2b is shown in the section The second region 2b can be provided with a section of the plate shaft 6 or the pedal shaft 6 in the form of, for example, a third contact surface or a limit stop surface 9 forming the second 2b. The third limit stop 9 has Annular shape. In the assembly phase, a portion or section of the pedal shaft 6 and the shaft threaded sleeve 3 are received within the bore 2 of the crank arm 1 or received by the crank arm 1 φ 2. This will be explained below. The sleeve or threaded sleeve 3 has a substantially T-shaped shape as shown in the cross-section shown in the figure. Alternatively, the threaded sleeve 3 may also have a cylindrical shape with a fixed portion diameter. The threaded sleeve 3 is characterized by a relative The first threaded sleeve length L3.1 of the hole thread Χ·Χ and the first threaded sleeve D3.1, and the second screw The sleeve length L3.2 and the second threaded sleeve D3.2. The first threaded sleeve diameter D3.1 is greater than the second threaded sleeve diameter #. The first threaded sleeve length L3.1 is longer than the second threaded sleeve length The L3.2 threaded bushing 3 comprises a threaded hole. The internal thread 3.1 extends along the lengths L3.1 and L3.2 of the first and second threaded bushings of the threaded sleeve 3. The pattern 3.1 is configured to match The bolt 6.1 of the pedal shaft 6 is received. As previously mentioned, Fig. 2 shows a section of the pedal shaft 6, which is an externally threaded bolt, that is, a bolt 6.1. The pedal shaft 6 additionally includes a joint or a pedal shaft. Retaining surface 6.2. The pedal shaft abuts or restricts the stop surface 6.2 to have an annular shape. The pedal shaft limiting stop surface 6.2 is disposed on the surface of the pedaling area when the pedal shaft 6 is assembled with the crank arm 1 and the threaded sleeve 3 The diameter of the outer shaft diameter D3.2 of the sleeve or hole 2 is short. The inner shaft of the shaft has a contact with the second section 2b of the hole 2 -12- M349886. The assembly state will be described below. At least the second threaded sleeve diameter D3.2 of the illustrated threaded sleeve 3 is sized such that it is assembled The threaded sleeve 3 in the bore 2 of the crank arm 1 at least contacts the inner surface of the second stage 2.2. In other words, the second diameter D2.2 of the second stage 2.2 is at least substantially not greater than the second threaded shaft. Set of diameter D 3.2. In addition 'long along the second length L2.2 φ in the region of the second stage 2.2 or along the second threaded sleeve length L3.2 of the threaded sleeve 3, at the second length L2.2 And the second threaded sleeve length L3.2 is responsively dimensioned to produce a press fit between the threaded sleeve 3 and the second stage 2.2. At that time, the threaded bushing 3 can thus be received in the bore 2 in a torque-resistant manner by frictional engagement. Or the 'threaded bushing can be glued into the first region 2a of the bore. In another configuration, the first region 2a of the aperture 2 can be formed to have a hexagonal profile rather than a circular shape. The threaded bushing 3 can have a corresponding outer contour to be received by the bore 2 in a torque-resistant manner. In addition, the 'second threaded sleeve length L3.2 can also be dimensioned such that the second threaded sleeve limit stop surface 3.3 contacts the second limit stop surface 5 and the first threaded sleeve limits the stop surface 3.2 Contact with the first limit stop surface 4 thus effectively supports the threaded sleeve 3 in the direction of the axis XX of the bore. Alternatively, the threaded sleeve 3 can be dimensioned such that the first and second threaded sleeve lengths L3.1 and L3.2 are dimensioned such that only the second threaded sleeve limit stop surface 3.3 is in contact with the second limit stop surface 5 Or only the first thread -13 - M349886 bushing limit stop surface 3 _2 is in contact with the first limit stop surface 4. In the case where the threaded bushing 3 has a T-shape and only the first threaded bushing restricts the stop surface 3.2 from contacting the first limit stop surface 4 of the bore 2, the second threaded sleeve limits the stop surface 3.3 and the bore There is a gap (not shown) between the second limit stop surfaces 5 of 2. The contact surface of the first and/or second limiting stop surfaces 4, 5 of the bore 2 is substantially perpendicular to the axis XX of the bore, since the bolt φ 6.1 of the pedal shaft 6 is threaded into the threaded sleeve 3 The thread 3.1 and the threaded sleeve 3 are substantially in the axial direction (i.e., in the direction of the axis XX of the bore) with the fact that an attempt is made to pull the threaded sleeve 3 toward the pedal shaft 6. On the other hand, the size and arrangement of the threaded sleeves 3 with respect to their lengths L3.1, L3.2 and diameters D3.1, D3.2 determine the number of contacts of the limiting stop surfaces 4 and 5 of the bore 2. The second region 2b of the hole 2 is formed such that the pedal shaft restricts the stop surface 6_2 to contact or jeopardize the third limit stop surface 9 of the first region 2b. Both the φ threaded bushing 3 and the pedal shaft 6 are supported in the assembled state at the respective stages and/or contact faces by threaded or bolted connections and/or by the restricted stop surface of the bore 2. Therefore, the resulting integration or connection of the pedal shaft 6 to the crank arm 1 is optimized with respect to the load and assembly to be transmitted. Figure 3 shows a partial view of another example of a crank arm according to the present creation. The features of the crank arm 1 shown are substantially the same as those shown in FIG. However, 'another configuration and/or feature is shown in the figure' which will be described in more detail below -14- M349886. For the sake of brevity, the features already shown in Figure 2 will be omitted. The aperture 2 of Figure 3 is further characterized by having a transition portion U12 from a first phase 2.1 to a second phase 2.2 arranged in a truncated manner. Therefore, this section of the first area 2a is configured in a frustoconical manner. This facilitates the insertion of the threaded sleeve 3 into the bore 2. Alternatively, the transition portion U12 may also be rounded. The transition portion U23 from the second stage 2.2 to the third stage 2.3 and/or the transition portion U32b from the third stage 2.3 to the second area 2b can also be configured in a similar manner. This allowable tension and/or buckling force may have a "smoother" redirection and avoid high tension regions with tension concentration. The crank arm 1 shown in the example of Figure 3 shows the second stage 2.2. There are rounded edges at the transition to the third stage 2.3. This has the advantageous effect of guiding the force or load in the crank arm 1 and the pedal shaft 6 connected by the threaded bushing 3 as explained above. # End section 2.2 of the second stage 2.2 can be rounded and/or truncated. Figure 4 is a complete view showing the crank arm according to the present invention, wherein a section of a section of the crank arm 1 is shown in Figure 3 and is described in relation to Figure 3 [Simplified illustration] Figure 1 shows in the prior art A cross-section of a known crank arm, wherein the crank arm has a bore configured to receive the pedal shaft by means of a threaded bushing and a pad. -15- M349886 Figure 2 shows a section of an exemplary crank arm and a section of a bushing according to the present creation, in which a section of the pedal shaft is shown together. Fig. 3 shows a section of a section of another illustrative example of a crank arm according to the present creation. Fig. 4 shows a crank arm according to the present invention partially shown in Fig. 3 in a sectional view. Φ [Description of main component symbols] 1 : Crank arm 1 A : Side 1 B : Side 2 : Hole 2 a : First area 2b : Second area: First section or stage φ 2.2: Second section or stage 2.3 : third section or stage 3: bushing or threaded bushing 3 1 : internal thread 3 · 2 : first threaded bushing limiting stop surface 3 · 3 : second threaded bushing limiting stop surface 4 : first Contact surface or limit stop surface 5: second contact surface or limit stop surface 6: pedal shaft-16-
M349886 6.1 :具有外螺紋的螺栓或軸 6.2 :接觸表面或踏板軸限制止擋表面 7 :墊圈 7.1 :第一墊圈限制止擋表面 7.2 :第二墊圈限制止擋表面 8.1 :第一間隙 9 :第三接觸表面或限制止擋表面 D2.1 :第一直徑 D 2.2 :第二直徑 D 2.3 :第三直徑 D 3 .1 :第一螺紋軸套直徑 D 3.2 :第二螺紋軸套直徑 E 2.2 :端部部份 L2.1 :第一長度 L2.2 :第二長度 L2.3 :第三長度 L3.1 :第一螺紋軸套長度 L 3.2 :第二螺紋軸套長度 U 1 2 :過渡部份 U23 :過渡部份 U32b :過渡部份 X-X :孔的軸線 -17 -M349886 6.1: Bolts or shafts with external thread 6.2: Contact surface or pedal shaft limit stop surface 7: Washer 7.1: First washer limit stop surface 7.2: Second washer limit stop surface 8.1: First clearance 9: Three contact surface or limit stop surface D2.1: first diameter D 2.2: second diameter D 2.3: third diameter D 3 .1: first threaded sleeve diameter D 3.2 : second threaded sleeve diameter E 2.2 : End portion L2.1: first length L2.2: second length L2.3: third length L3.1: first threaded sleeve length L 3.2: second threaded sleeve length U 1 2 : transition Part U23: Transition part U32b: Transition part XX: axis of hole -17 -