• M335082 八、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係有關一種過電流瞬間斷電保護裝置，尤指 一種當控制迴路中發生電流超載時能瞬間切斷供電的保 • 護裝置。 【先前技術】 • 按，為防止電子產品内之電子迴路、主動元件及1C 等受到過高電流或是超過設定值之負載電流的影響而導 致損壞，通常要在控制迴路上安裝有保護元件。 習用的過電流保護元件主要有保險絲與無熔絲開關 等。然而，保險絲與無熔絲開關係需要一段較長的時間 來切斷電路，可能造成電子產品及其零件吸收過量電流 而受損，此外，保險絲在斷電之後，尚需要人工更換後 • 才能使控制迴路恢復導通，在使用上較為麻煩。 ' 是以，有需要其它改良的保護裝置產生用以有效防 ^ 止電流超載所造成的損害。 【新型内容】 本創作人有鑑於此，遂悉心加以研究及設計，經過 實際之試驗改進後，於今有本創作之產生。是以，本創 作主要目的在提供一種過電流瞬間斷電保護裝置，該裝 5 • M335082 置可使得一電子迴路之輸出端出現電流超載時即瞬間將 該電路斷電，以防止電子產品及其零件受到損壞者。 依據本創作一較佳實施例構成的過電流瞬間斷電保 護裝置，係包含一分流器、與該分流器電連接的一電壓 . 比較器、與該電壓比較器之輸出端電連接的一閘流體 . (SCR)、與該閘流體電連接的一光電耦合器及至少一繼 電器；該分流器係與一電路之電流輸出端連接以取得分 • 流信號，·而該光電耦合器的輸出端係連接至繼電器用以 控制該繼電器之開閉，又該繼電器係串接在該電路上用 以控制導通該電路或是切斷供電，當該分流器檢知電流 超載時，該電壓比較器會輸出電壓而觸發該閘流體成為 導通狀態，且與該閘流體連接的光電耦合器就被加能而 發光導通，進而使該繼電器斷電，藉此，能提高電子產 品及其零件的使用壽命者。 • 在一實施例中，該電壓比較器之正輸入端係接地以 ' 有一參考電壓之輸入。 ‘ 在一實施例中，該閘流體的陽極係接電源正極 (VCC)，且陰極係接地。 在一實施例中，該光電耦合器包含一發光二極體及 一光電晶體，該發光二極體之一輸入端連接在該閘流體 之陽極與電源正極（VCC)之間。 該過電流瞬間斷電保護裝置最好包含一蜂鳴器及至 6 • M335082 少一 LED燈，使得電流超載時可發出警報聲響及點亮LED 燈以提出警示作用。 該過電流瞬間斷電保護裝置最好包含一恢復鈕，使 得該繼電器斷電之後，能操作該恢復鈕而使控制電路恢 . 復導通。 . 關於本創作之其他目的、優點及特徵，將可由以下 較佳實施例的詳細說明並參照所附圖式來了解。 【實施方式】 現將僅為例子但非用以限制的一具體實施例，參照 所附圖式就本創作之較佳結構内容說明如下： 請參閱第一圖，顯示依據本創作一實施例構成的過 電流瞬間斷電保護裝置1，該保護裝置1包含分流器11、 與該分流器11電連接的一電壓比較器12、與該電壓比 • 較器12之輸出端電連接的一閘流體（SCR) 13、與該閘 ' 流體13電連接的一光電耦合器14及受該光電耦合器14 ‘ 之輸出端所控制的至少一繼電器16。 該分流器11係可與一電路之電流輸出端連接以取得 分流信號，且該分流器11電連接至該電壓比較器12的 一輸入端（負輸入端）以輸入一比較電壓，在本實施例 中，並在該分流器11與該電壓比較器12之輸入端之間 具有一可變電阻17用以設定電流之超載值。 7 ^ M335082 該電壓比較器12之另一輸入端（正輸入端）接至一 取樣電壓點以取得一參考電壓，在本實施例中，該電壓 比較器12之正輸入端係接地，當該負輸入端所輸入之比 較電壓大於該參考電壓時，該電壓比較器12之輸出端無 . 電壓輸出，反之，會輸出直流電壓至該閘流體13之閘極 ” （G)，會觸發該閘流體13之陽極（A)與陰極（K)間 產生導通。在本實施例中，該閘流體13的陽極（A)係 • 接電源正極（VCC)，該電源係由圖中之一電源穩壓電路 22提供，而其陰極（κ)係接地；另該閘流體13之陽極 (A)電連接有一蜂鳴器15，且該閘流體13之陰極（K ) 設有一恢復紐19。 該光電耦合器14包含一光發射器141及一光貞測器 142 ’在本實施例中，該光發射器141係發光二極體，該 發光二極體之一輸入端連接在該閘流體13之陽極（A) • 與電源正極（VCC)間，而該光偵測器142係一光電晶體， 其一輸出端接地，另一輸出端經由一電晶體18連接至該 繼電器16，該繼電器16可串接在該分流器u所取得分 流信號之電路上用以導通或是斷電。 參閱第二圖所示，顯示第一圖的過電流瞬間斷電保 濩策置1應用在一充電器2上；該充電器2係屬一習用 技術，在此不加詳述，其大體上包含一作為判斷及控制 中樞的中央處理器21及電連接於該中央處理器Μ且可 8 M335082 提供穩定的直流電給各電路使用的電源穩壓電路22。 在第一圖中，該分流器1 1係連接至該要充電的電池 3之龟机輸出端以取得分流信號，而可控制繼電器16作 動的電晶體18之基極係電連接至該中央處理器21的rb5 - 腳，使得該繼電器16能控制該電池3充電之進行或是切 • 斷供電。 在實施上，當該充電器2對電池3作正常的充電時， • 該中央處理器21會輸出電壓使該電晶體18導通，在此 狀悲下，該電壓比較器12之輸出端所輸出的電壓為零， 因而，該閘流體13與該光電耦合器14截止不動作。 又當該分流器11檢知電流超過設定值時，該電壓比 幸父斋12會輸出電壓而觸發該閘流體13導通，當該閘流 體13之陽極（A)與陰極（κ)間導通後，該蜂鳴器15 會發出警報聲響及LED6會點亮以提出警示作用，且該光 β 電柄合為14之光發射器141會發光而使該光 貞測器142 導通，由於該光電耦合器14之光偵測器142之一輸出端 接地，所以，該光電耦合器14導通之後，該電晶體18 就截止’使得該繼電器16斷電。藉此，可避免電池3充 電時吸收過量電流導致溫度上升，進而能提昇電池3壽 命及充電效率。 依據本創作構成的保護裝置1並不限制應用在充電 器上，即該保護裝置1也可運用在包括電腦等其它電子 9 ^ M335082 產：上I又忒保濩裝置1係採用閘流體13為電子開關， 八、电’瓜有超载時就超高速地自動斷電（斷電時間 約為〇· G1 ’因而能有效避免電子產品或其零件吸收 L里電机‘致又才貝’故本創作已能達成預期的設計目的 、 及效果。 . 在前述說明書中，本創作僅是就特定實施例做描 述，而依本創作的設計特徵當可做多種變化或修改是可 參了解的。是以，對於熟悉此項技藝人士可作之明顯替換 與修改，仍將併入於本創作所主張的專利範圍之内。 M335082 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係依據本創作一實施例構成之過電流瞬間斷電保 護裝置的電路圖。 第二圖係顯示第一圖的保護裝置應用在一習用充電器上 的電路圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1.保護裝置 11.分流器 12.電壓比較器 13.閘流體 14.光電耦合器 141.光發射器 142.光偵測器 15.蜂鳴器 16.繼電器 17.可變電阻 18.電晶體 19.恢復鈕 2.充電器 21.中央處理器 22.電源穩壓電路 3.電池 11• M335082 VIII. New description: [New technical field] This creation is related to an overcurrent instantaneous power-off protection device, especially a protection device that can cut off the power supply instantaneously when a current overload occurs in the control circuit. [Prior Art] • Pressing, in order to prevent damage to the electronic circuit, active components, and 1C in the electronic product from excessive current or load current exceeding the set value, it is usually necessary to install a protective component on the control circuit. The conventional overcurrent protection components mainly include fuses and fuseless switches. However, the fuse and the non-fuse open relationship take a long time to cut off the circuit, which may cause the electronic product and its parts to absorb excessive current and be damaged. In addition, after the power is turned off, the fuse needs to be manually replaced. It is more troublesome to use the control loop to return to conduction. Therefore, there is a need for other improved protection devices to effectively prevent damage caused by current overload. [New content] In view of this, the creator has carefully studied and designed it. After the actual experiment and improvement, the author has created this creation. Therefore, the main purpose of this creation is to provide an overcurrent instantaneous power-off protection device. The device can be used to prevent the electronic product from being powered off when the current is overloaded at the output end of an electronic circuit. Parts are damaged. An overcurrent instantaneous power-off protection device constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a shunt, a voltage electrically connected to the shunt, a comparator, and a gate electrically connected to an output of the voltage comparator a fluid (SCR), an optocoupler electrically coupled to the thyristor, and at least one relay; the shunt being coupled to a current output of a circuit to obtain a split current signal, and an output of the optocoupler The system is connected to the relay for controlling the opening and closing of the relay, and the relay is serially connected to the circuit for controlling the circuit to be turned on or the power supply is cut off. When the current collector detects that the current is overloaded, the voltage comparator outputs The voltage triggers the thyristor to be in an on state, and the photocoupler connected to the thyristor is energized to conduct light, thereby de-energizing the relay, thereby improving the service life of the electronic product and its components. • In one embodiment, the positive input of the voltage comparator is grounded to have an input of a reference voltage. ‘ In one embodiment, the anode of the thyristor is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply (VCC) and the cathode is grounded. In one embodiment, the optocoupler includes a light emitting diode and an optoelectronic crystal, and one of the input terminals of the light emitting diode is connected between the anode of the thyristor and the positive terminal of the power source (VCC). The overcurrent instantaneous power-off protection device preferably includes a buzzer and an LED light to 6 M335082, which can make an alarm sound when the current is overloaded and illuminate the LED light to provide a warning function. Preferably, the overcurrent instantaneous power-off protection device includes a recovery button, so that after the relay is powered off, the recovery button can be operated to restore the control circuit. Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described by way of example only, but not by way of limitation. An overcurrent instantaneous power-off protection device 1 comprising a shunt 11 , a voltage comparator 12 electrically connected to the shunt 11 , and a thyristor electrically connected to the output of the voltage comparator 12 (SCR) 13. An optocoupler 14 electrically coupled to the gate 'fluid 13 and at least one relay 16 controlled by the output of the optocoupler 14'. The shunt 11 is connectable to a current output of a circuit to obtain a shunt signal, and the shunt 11 is electrically connected to an input terminal (negative input terminal) of the voltage comparator 12 to input a comparison voltage. In the example, and between the shunt 11 and the input terminal of the voltage comparator 12, a variable resistor 17 is provided for setting the overload value of the current. 7 ^ M335082 The other input terminal (positive input terminal) of the voltage comparator 12 is connected to a sampling voltage point to obtain a reference voltage. In this embodiment, the positive input terminal of the voltage comparator 12 is grounded. When the comparison voltage input by the negative input terminal is greater than the reference voltage, the output terminal of the voltage comparator 12 has no voltage output, and vice versa, a DC voltage is output to the gate of the thyristor 13 (G), which will trigger the gate. The anode (A) and the cathode (K) of the fluid 13 are electrically connected. In the embodiment, the anode (A) of the thyristor 13 is connected to the positive pole of the power source (VCC), and the power source is stabilized by one of the power supplies in the figure. The voltage circuit 22 is provided with its cathode (κ) grounded; the anode (A) of the thyristor 13 is electrically connected to a buzzer 15, and the cathode (K) of the thyristor 13 is provided with a recovery button 19. The coupler 14 includes a light emitter 141 and a light detector 142. In the embodiment, the light emitter 141 is a light emitting diode, and one input end of the light emitting diode is connected to the anode of the gate fluid 13. (A) • Between the positive pole of the power supply (VCC) and the light detector 142 is a light The transistor has an output terminal connected to the relay 16 and the other output terminal is connected to the relay 16 via a transistor 18. The relay 16 can be connected in series to the circuit of the shunt signal obtained by the shunt u for turning on or off. Referring to the second figure, the overcurrent instantaneous power-off protection scheme 1 of the first figure is applied to a charger 2; the charger 2 is a conventional technology, which is not described in detail herein. A central processing unit 21 as a determination and control center and a power supply voltage stabilization circuit 22 electrically connected to the central processing unit and capable of providing stable direct current power to the respective circuits. In the first figure, the shunt 1 is included. 1 is connected to the turtle machine output of the battery 3 to be charged to obtain a shunt signal, and the base of the transistor 18, which can control the relay 16 to be actuated, is electrically connected to the rb5-pin of the central processing unit 21, so that the relay 16 can control the charging of the battery 3 or cut off the power supply. In practice, when the charger 2 normally charges the battery 3, the central processing unit 21 outputs a voltage to turn on the transistor 18. In this sadness, The voltage outputted from the output of the voltage comparator 12 is zero, and thus the thyristor 13 and the photocoupler 14 are turned off. When the shunt 11 detects that the current exceeds the set value, the voltage is better than the father. 12 will output a voltage to trigger the thyristor 13 to conduct. When the anode (A) and the cathode (κ) of the thyristor 13 are turned on, the buzzer 15 will sound an alarm and the LED 6 will illuminate to provide a warning function. The light emitter 141 of the light β electric handle 14 is illuminated to turn on the optical detector 142. Since the output end of one of the photodetectors 142 of the photocoupler 14 is grounded, the photocoupler 14 is After the turn-on, the transistor 18 is turned off to cause the relay 16 to be powered down. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the temperature from rising due to absorption of an excessive current when the battery 3 is charged, thereby improving the life of the battery 3 and the charging efficiency. The protection device 1 constructed according to the present invention is not limited to the application to the charger, that is, the protection device 1 can also be applied to other electronic devices including computers, etc. 9 ^ M335082 Production: Upper I and 忒 濩 濩 1 Electronic switch, VIII, electric 'Automatically power off when there is overload, the power-off time is about 〇·G1', so it can effectively avoid the absorption of L-motors by electronic products or their parts. The creation has achieved the intended design purpose and effect. In the foregoing description, the present description is only described for a specific embodiment, and it is to be understood that various changes or modifications can be made depending on the design features of the present creation. Therefore, the obvious substitutions and modifications to those skilled in the art will still be incorporated in the scope of the patent claimed by the present invention. M335082 [Simple Description of the Drawing] The first drawing is constructed according to an embodiment of the present creation. Circuit diagram of the overcurrent short-time power-off protection device. The second figure shows the circuit diagram of the protection device of the first figure applied to a conventional charger. [Main component symbol description] 1. Protection device 11 . Shunt 12. Voltage comparator 13. Brake fluid 14. Photocoupler 141. Light emitter 142. Photodetector 15. Buzzer 16. Relay 17. Variable resistor 18. Transistor 19. Recovery button 2 Charger 21. Central processor 22. Power supply voltage regulator 3. Battery 11