M323109 八、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作涉及一種染料敏化太陽能電池，尤指一種具有奈米金 粒子作為鑲埋量子點之染料敏化太陽能電池可以有效地提高其光 電轉換效率。 【先前技術】 自二十世紀延燒到二十一世紀，全球能源危機的陰影一 直徘徊不去，潛藏在生活中隨時都有可能爆發。在京都議定 書生效後，全球致力於各種替代能源的研發與開創，其中又 以太陽能為新能源開發利用最活躍的領域。據估計，每年由 太％恥射到地球表面的能量約為地球上所有人每年消耗的一 百萬倍，即，若能充分利用百分之一的太陽能，並以10%的 轉換率使其轉換為電能，即可滿足我們的需求。 太陽能電池係一種將太陽能直接轉化為電能之裝置。2〇世紀 7〇年代L由美國貝_實驗室首先研製出_太陽能電池逐步發展 起來。種石夕太陽能電池之工作原理係基於半導體之光伏效應。 雖然砍太陽能電池之光電轉化效率高，但其製作卫藝複雜、價格 昂貴、對材料要求苛刻，因而限制其廣泛應用。二十世紀九十^ 代應用奈米晶體開發之崎敏化太陽能電池，可錄代傳統之石夕 太％迠電池，並由此成為該領域之研究熱點。 *染料敏化太陽能電池採用形成於導電基片之半導體奈米晶 膜在其表面韻光敏染料，由此形成其工作電極。染料敏化 太陽能電池之卫作原理係#_分子魏太陽光時，其電子躍遷 M323109 至激發態並迅速轉移至半導體，而空穴則留在染料中。電子隨後 擴散至導電基m外電路齡至對。响減之染料被電 -解質還原、，被氧化的電解質在對電極接受電子還原成基態。從而 - 完成電子之整個傳輸過程。 影響染料敏化太陽能電池光電轉換性能之因素之一為光化學 反應後電子向導電基片遷移之速率。單—半導體奈米晶膜電極在 傳輸電子方面存在-定缺陷。故，電子遷料低，其與周圍所存 '在的電子受體(如奈米晶叙表面態_及氧絲質)之復合 籲 機率大大提高，從㈣顯降低光電轉換率。另—方面，習知用於 木料敏化太H也之二氧化鈦之光吸收效率限於能帶而無法提 高。因此’舶量子點鑲埋於二氧化鈦可有效提高其光電轉換效 ，傳、.先之里子點係使用二五族化合物半導體如⑽，，pbs 等’然而該等材料成分複雜且污染，在製作上亦較為複雜。 有4α於此’有必要提供—種能鑲埋奈米金屬粒子作為量子點 之染料敏化太陽能電池結構財效提高其效率實為重要。 • 【新型内容】 本·之主要目的在於提供—種具有奈米錄子作為鑲埋量 子點之染料敏化域能電池，湘錢絲米錄子溶液，增加 -吸收的頻段’將光電轉換的功能提昇，以得到—具有高轉換比之 染料敏化太陽能電池結構。 達上述目的’本創作之具有奈米金粒子作為鑲埋量子點之染 料敏化太陽能電池，其主要包含：—第—透明導電基板，其愈一 金屬層形成於-相對電極；一第二透明導電基板，其與一多孔二 M323109 氧化鈦層形成於一工作電極；一電解液層，係位於該多孔二氧化 鈦層及一光敏化染料層間；以及該光敏化染料層係位於該電解液 層及该第二透明導電基板間。尤其是，該第一透明導電基板先 與该多孔二氧化鈦層形成該工作電極後，浸泡奈米金溶 液，形成一種具有奈米金粒子作為鑲埋量子點之染料敏化 太陽能電池。 根據本創作之一特徵，該第一透明導電基板及第二透明導電M323109 VIII. New Description: [New Technology Field] This creation involves a dye-sensitized solar cell, especially a dye-sensitized solar cell with nano-gold particles as an embedded quantum dot to effectively improve its photoelectric conversion efficiency. . [Prior Art] Since the twentieth century extended to the 21st century, the shadow of the global energy crisis has been lingering, and it is likely to break out in life. After the Kyoto Protocol came into effect, the world is committed to the development and creation of alternative energy sources, among which solar energy is the most active area for the development and utilization of new energy. It is estimated that the energy that is too shameful to the surface of the earth every year is about one million times that of everyone on the planet every year, that is, if one hundredth of the solar energy is fully utilized, and the conversion rate is 10% Converting to electrical energy will meet our needs. A solar cell is a device that converts solar energy directly into electrical energy. 2 〇 Century 7 〇 L was first developed by the American Bay _ laboratory _ solar cells gradually developed. The working principle of the Shishi solar cell is based on the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor. Although the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cut solar cell is high, its manufacturing process is complicated, expensive, and demanding on materials, thus limiting its wide application. The sensitized solar cell developed by nano crystals in the 20th century will be able to record the traditional Shishi 太% 迠 battery, and it has become a research hotspot in this field. * A dye-sensitized solar cell uses a semiconductor nanocrystalline film formed on a conductive substrate to have a photosensitive dye on its surface, thereby forming its working electrode. Dye sensitization The principle of solar cell protection is #_分子魏太阳光, its electronic transition M323109 to the excited state and quickly transferred to the semiconductor, while the holes remain in the dye. The electrons then diffuse to the outer base of the conductive matrix m to the right. The dye is reduced by electro-degradation, and the oxidized electrolyte undergoes electron reduction to the ground state at the counter electrode. Thereby - completing the entire transmission process of the electron. One of the factors affecting the photoelectric conversion performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell is the rate at which electrons migrate to the conductive substrate after the photochemical reaction. Single-semiconductor nanocrystalline film electrodes have a definite defect in the transmission of electrons. Therefore, the electron relocation is low, and the combination of the existing electron acceptors (such as nanocrystalline surface state _ and oxidized silk) is greatly increased, and the photoelectric conversion rate is significantly reduced from (4). On the other hand, the light absorption efficiency of titanium dioxide which is conventionally used for wood sensitization is also limited to the energy band and cannot be improved. Therefore, 'imported quantum dots can be effectively embedded in titanium dioxide to improve its photoelectric conversion efficiency. The first point is to use two or five compound semiconductors such as (10), pbs, etc. However, the composition of these materials is complex and polluting. It is also more complicated. It is important to increase the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell structure capable of embedding nano metal particles as quantum dots. • [New content] The main purpose of this is to provide a dye-sensitized domain energy battery with nano-recorders as embedded quantum dots, Xiangqiansi rice recording solution, increasing-absorption band's photoelectric conversion The function is improved to obtain a dye-sensitized solar cell structure with a high conversion ratio. The dye-sensitized solar cell having nanometer particles as embedded quantum dots, which mainly comprises: - a transparent conductive substrate, wherein a metal layer is formed on the opposite electrode; a second transparent a conductive substrate formed on a working electrode with a porous layer of titanium dioxide M323109; an electrolyte layer between the porous titanium dioxide layer and a photosensitive dye layer; and the photosensitive dye layer is located in the electrolyte layer Between the second transparent conductive substrates. In particular, the first transparent conductive substrate first forms the working electrode with the porous titania layer, and then immerses the nano gold solution to form a dye-sensitized solar cell having nano gold particles as embedded quantum dots. According to one feature of the present invention, the first transparent conductive substrate and the second transparent conductive
基板係為-表面塗佈有透明導電材料⑽^之導明玻璃或可 導電膜之一。 、御豕个，之另一特徵，該多孔二氧化鈦層係利用刮刀成膜 ^ /奋膠、旋膠法、水熱法、沈殿法、喷霧熱解法、化學氣 法之一所製得。 π ^=3—_ ’職罐祕編_、 屬錯合物中'1種==染料、偶氮苯_料、半菁_料或金 種或其組合；或為為釕錯合物。 根攄創作之再—特徵，該金屬層係躺及金財之一。 溶x液進行浸ί再—特徵’該第二透料電基板經過奈米金粒子之 為讓本金粒子之粒度大小為1〜50奈米。 懂’下文特舉數個較^實^目、、的、，、和優點能更明顯易 如下。 佺只鈿例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明 【實施方式】 雖然本創作可表現為不同形式之實施例’但附圖所示者 8 M323109 及於下文中說明者係為本創作可之較佳實施例，並請了解本 文所揭不者係考量為本創作之一範例，且並非意圖用以將本 創作限制於圖示及/或所描述之特定實施例中。 根據本創作之實施例中，將揭示一種具有奈米金粒子作 為鑲埋量子狀染概化猶_池之賴。請參照第頂，其顯 不為本創作之貫細之具有奈米金粒子作祕埋量子點之染料敏 化太陽能電池之結構示賴。如第丨騎示，本難之具有奈米金 粒子作為_量子點之染概化太陽能電池i，其主要包含··一工The substrate is one of a conductive glass or a conductive film coated with a transparent conductive material (10). According to another feature, the porous titania layer is obtained by using a doctor blade to form a film, a gelatin method, a hydrothermal method, a shoal method, a spray pyrolysis method, and a chemical gas method. π ^=3—_ ’ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Based on the re-feature of creation, the metal layer is one of the lying and gold coins. The solution of the solution is immersed and characterized. The second substrate is passed through the nano-particles so that the size of the gold particles is from 1 to 50 nm. Understand that the following are a few of the more important, and the advantages, and the advantages are as follows.实施 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 The preferred embodiment is not to be construed as limiting the present invention to the particular embodiment shown and/or described. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a nano-particle having nano-particles as an embedded quantum is disclosed. Please refer to the top, which is not a reflection of the structure of dye-sensitized solar cells with nano-particles as secret quantum dots. Such as the first ride, the difficulty of having nano gold particles as a quantum dot of the quantum dot solar cell i, which mainly contains
作電極2 ; -相對電極4 ; 一光敏化染料層13 ; 一電解液層12 ; 一 奈米金粒子20。 該工作電極2更由-第-透明導電基板1〇及一纽二氧化欽 層Η組成；_對電極4更由—第二咖導電紐财―金屬層u 成。尤其是，該第一透明導電基板1〇先與該多孔二氧化 有成該工作電極4後，浸泡奈米金溶液，形成一種具 有:未金粒子作為鑲埋量子點之染料敏化太陽能電池。 塗係電基板1G及該第二翻導電基板⑽為一表面 電材料可、料(TCC))之導電_或可紐導魏；該透明導 二氧nr 增林實_之導電度；其中該多 :魏^何叹㈣刀細法、轉娜法、林法、舰 :坷學氣相沈積法之—所製得;該光敏化染料層 料、菁類染料、羅丹明類染料、偶氮苯類染 可以騎錯合物。 t、、、n其金屬錯合物 另外’本創作之金屬初可以為銘或金其中之―，更重要的 9 M323109 在於該第二義導縣板15錢結㈣有齡，並且經 液浸泡再結上工作電極4及相對電卿成本創作 /、有4錄子作趣埋量子點之㈣敏化太陽能電池結構。 該，米金粒子之粒度大小為U時米，需注意到，在 =糸^、米金屬粒子作為量子點。奈米金屬粒子有需多的形成方 法。示未拉子是介於原子、分子與巨觀塊材(bulk mateAn electrode 2; an opposite electrode 4; a photosensitizing dye layer 13; an electrolyte layer 12; and a nano gold particle 20. The working electrode 2 is further composed of a -first transparent conductive substrate 1 and a neodymium oxide layer; the counter electrode 4 is further composed of a second conductive conductive metal layer. In particular, the first transparent conductive substrate 1 is first fused with the porous dioxide to form the working electrode 4, and then the nanogold solution is immersed to form a dye-sensitized solar cell having ungoldened particles as embedded quantum dots. The coated electrical substrate 1G and the second turned conductive substrate (10) are conductive materials of a surface electrical material, material (TCC), or conductive, and the conductivity of the transparent conductive dioxin is increased; More: Wei ^ He sigh (four) knife fine method, turn Nafa, Lin Fa, ship: 坷 气相 vapor deposition method made; the photosensitive dye layer, cyanine dye, rhodamine dye, azo Benzene dyeing can ride on the complex. t,,, n its metal complexes in addition to the 'metal of this creation can be for the first time or the gold - and more importantly, 9 M323109 lies in the second Yixian County board 15 money knot (four) ageing, and soaked by liquid Then, the working electrode 4 and the relative electric brilliance cost creation/(4) sensitized solar cell structure with 4 recordings for interesting quantum dots are created. Therefore, the particle size of the rice gold particles is U meters, and it should be noted that the metal particles in the = 糸 ^, rice are used as quantum dots. There are many ways to form nano metal particles. Shira is a block of atoms, molecules and giant blocks (bulk mate
，物。在這個尺寸範圍裡，許多物理、化學性質都會與二 =，尺寸大小成為在奈米材料科學與顧上重要的控制因素。 /、中包括奈米粒子的熱力學特徵，例如：魅、比鮮， 另卜Ik著粒子直彳^小，比表面積將會顯著增大，也就是 2原子數所佔的百分比將會顯著的增加，直獅nm的顆粒大 、、、、15%的原子位在顆粒表面，而直徑lnm的奈米粒子上幾乎所 2的原子都是表_子’―般來說絲積較高的奈餘子會有較 =化學反應雖。奈綠子表_高原子數目造成表面活性的 二木可應用來發展觸職粒子及高效率催侧。以奈米金屬粒 虽成催化劑的異相反應觸媒，由於金屬表面技反應活性位 置丄所以基本上齡越柯以反觸表面蘭高，其反應活性會 越咼。 子結構、電雜質、光學紐、雖、化學反應性，以及奈米顆 粒的自組裝(seif-assembly)都會因為尺寸不同而改變。 —牛例來1 |米金粒子隨著粒徑越來越小，表面原子的比例 ^提ϋ情況。閃閃發亮的黃金，是金黃色並帶著金屬色澤的 以奈米大小的财存在時，光學性質會有極大的改變。 現者粒赠輪小，可以由肉眼清稀的相顏色賴化，由黑色 (約l〇nm)到暗紅色（約3〇nm)以至於到透明的紫色溶液（約膽 M323109 ’可分為物理方法 邮）。在製備以奈米金屬粒子作為量子點方面 與化學方法。在物理方法方面，可以有： 一·雷射剝削法(Laser ablation): 此方法製作簡便且製備出的金屬膠體溶錄乾淨， ，制奈米金屬粒子的形狀及大小，亦無法估計奈米金屬粒子的產 里等缺點。製作方式是先將金屬材浸人溶射，再糊 轟擊金的表面即可生成。 二·蒸鍍與濺鍍法, things. In this size range, many physical and chemical properties will be associated with two =, size has become an important controlling factor in nanomaterial science. /, including the thermodynamic characteristics of nano particles, such as: charm, ratio fresh, and Ik with particles straight 彳 ^ small, the specific surface area will increase significantly, that is, the percentage of 2 atoms will increase significantly The particles of the straight lion nm are large, and 15% of the atoms are on the surface of the particles, while the atoms of the nanometers with a diameter of 1 nm are almost the same as the ones of the table. The child will have a = chemical reaction though. Nai Green Table _ high atomic number causes surface activity of Dimu can be applied to develop contact particles and high efficiency. Although the heterogeneous reaction catalyst which is a catalyst of nano metal particles, due to the catalytic activity of the metal surface, the basic age is more high, and the reaction activity is more ambiguous. Substructures, electrical impurities, optical bonds, chemical reactivity, and seif-assembly of nanoparticles can vary from size to size. - The case of cattle 1 | rice gold particles with the smaller and smaller particle size ratio, the situation of the surface. The glittering gold is golden yellow and has a metallic color. When the nanometer-sized wealth exists, the optical properties will change greatly. Now the grain gift wheel is small, it can be diluted by the naked eye, from black (about l〇nm) to dark red (about 3〇nm), so that it can be divided into transparent purple solution (about gallbladder M323109 ' Physical method mail). In the preparation of nano metal particles as quantum dots and chemical methods. In terms of physical methods, there may be: 1. Laser ablation: This method is simple to make and the prepared metal colloid is cleaned, and the shape and size of the nano metal particles are not estimated. Disadvantages such as the production of particles. The production method is to first immerse the metal material in a solution, and then batter the surface of the gold to form. 2. Evaporation and sputtering
利用電極加熱金屬源，使得蒸鑛金屬蒸發出的金屬原子使沈 積在基版上稱絲鍍；若以氬離子絲棘絲面發生發光放 電現象(glowdischarge)’而表面金原子彈出後沈積於基版上稱為賤 鑛0 奈米金屬粒子的化學製備方法種類甚多。以奈米金粒子為 例’其化學製備方法如下： •直接還原法，在適當的條件下直接加還原劑還原溶液中 氯金酸。 二·化學氣相沈積，加熱分解揮發性金的化合物使金沈積於基 版上。 、、土 二·電化學法，以金線為陽極，在含界面活性劑的電解液中反 應，在陰極析出金粒子。 四·光化學法，以紫外光或·射線照射分解水產生電子來還原氯 金酸。 、 五·超聲波法，利用超音波使水分解產生的氫自由基還原氯金 酸。 在本創作之貫施例中，該些奈米金屬粒子等係以直接還原法形 11 M323109 成金塊形成。所使用的藥品均為試藥級以上的純度，故使用前不 再經過純化的步驟，其還原步驟為： ' 一·取lml的HN03(濃度為7〇%)與3ml的HC1(濃度為37%) - 配製成王水。 一·將〇.2089g的金錄;溶解於配製的王水中，經超音波震盪使 其完全溶解。 三·再利用一公升的去離子水將該溶液稀釋。 • 四·最後將所稀釋之溶液加熱，並加入適量的檸檬酸鈉 # (Na3(C6H507))當還原劑，再劇烈攪拌還原。 五·將還原之奈米金粒子溶液滴到染料敏化太陽能電池試片 上，使奈米金粒浴液完全鍍覆於該染料敏化太陽能電池上，藉由 奈米金粒子自組裝的性質分散到該染料敏化太陽能電池的表面 上。 六·將以旋塗在該染料敏化太陽能電池之奈米金粒子烘乾。 在本創作之實施例當中，使用該多孔二氧化鈦層14，在於二 氧化鈦具有較低的能階，並且多孔性能夠有更多的染料吸附，就 • 可以吸收更多的數量，因而得到更佳的光轉換效率，增佳其在^ 業上的應用性。 9 一 ° . 雖然本創作已以前述實施例揭示，然其並非用以限定本 - 創作，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本創作之精神和範圍内， 當可作各種之更動與修改。如上述的解釋，都可以作各型 的修正與變化，而不會破壞此創作的精神。因此本創作之j 邊範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 ,、 【圖式簡單說明】 12 ^ M323109 第1圖顯示為本創作之實施例之具有奈米金粒子作為鑲埋 量子點之染料敏化太陽能電池之結構示意圖；以及 第2圖顯示為本創作之實施例之具有奈米金粒子作為鑲 埋量子點之染料敏化太陽能電池之製程步驟。 【主要元件符號說明】 1具有奈米金粒子作為鑲埋量子點之染料敏化太陽能電池 2相對電極 4工作電極 10第一透明導電基板 11金屬層 12電解液層 13光敏化染料層 14多孔二氧化鈦層 15第二透明導電基板 20奈米金粒子 13The metal source is heated by the electrode, so that the metal atom evaporated from the metallurgical metal is deposited on the substrate by silk plating; if the argon ion wire has a glow discharge phenomenon, the surface gold atom is ejected and deposited on the base. There are many types of chemical preparation methods known as antimony ore 0 nano metal particles. Taking nano gold particles as an example, the chemical preparation method is as follows: • Direct reduction method, directly adding a reducing agent to reduce chloroauric acid in a solution under appropriate conditions. 2. Chemical vapor deposition, which thermally decomposes volatile gold compounds to deposit gold on the substrate. , earth, and electrochemical method, using a gold wire as an anode, reacting in an electrolyte containing a surfactant, and depositing gold particles at the cathode. 4. Photochemical method, which decomposes water by ultraviolet light or radiation to generate electrons to reduce chloroauric acid. 5. Ultrasonic method, which uses ultrasonic waves to reduce the chloroauric acid by hydrogen radicals generated by water decomposition. In the embodiment of the present invention, the nano metal particles and the like are formed into a gold nugget by a direct reduction method 11 M323109. The drugs used are all above the purity of the reagent grade, so the purification step is not used before use. The reduction steps are: '1·1 ml of HN03 (concentration of 7〇%) and 3ml of HC1 (concentration of 37) %) - Made into aqua regia. 1. The gold record of 2089g is dissolved in the prepared aqua regia and completely dissolved by ultrasonic vibration. 3. Re-use the solution by one liter of deionized water. • 4. Finally, heat the diluted solution and add the appropriate amount of sodium citrate # (Na3 (C6H507)) as a reducing agent, and then reduce it with vigorous stirring. 5. The reduced nano gold particle solution is dropped onto the dye-sensitized solar cell test piece, and the nano gold bath liquid is completely plated on the dye-sensitized solar cell, and dispersed by the self-assembly property of the nano gold particles. The dye is sensitized on the surface of the solar cell. 6. The nano gold particles spin-coated on the dye-sensitized solar cell will be dried. In the embodiment of the present invention, the porous titania layer 14 is used in that titanium dioxide has a lower energy level and the porosity can have more dye adsorption, so that more amount can be absorbed, thereby obtaining better light. Conversion efficiency, improve its applicability in the industry. Although the present invention has been disclosed in the foregoing embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. As explained above, all types of corrections and changes can be made without destroying the spirit of this creation. Therefore, the scope of this creation is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application. , [Complete description of the drawing] 12 ^ M323109 Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell having nano-gold particles as an embedded quantum dot according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 2 shows the creation A process step of a dye-sensitized solar cell having nano gold particles as an embedded quantum dot in an embodiment. [Main component symbol description] 1 dye-sensitized solar cell 2 with nano gold particles as embedded quantum dots 2 opposite electrode 4 working electrode 10 first transparent conductive substrate 11 metal layer 12 electrolyte layer 13 photosensitizing dye layer 14 porous titanium dioxide Layer 15 second transparent conductive substrate 20 nano gold particles 13