M295769 八、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係有關一種由物體之二維影像以亮度灰階分析出 其中特定部位建構三維影像的裝置。 【先前技術】 > 在數位時代，醫學影像的重要性不應落後，影像數位化將 成為一條必走之路，醫師只要在電腦前輸入病人之資料如病歷M295769 VIII. New Description: [New Technology Field] This creation is about a device that analyzes a specific part of a three-dimensional image from a two-dimensional image of an object. [Prior Art] > In the digital age, the importance of medical imaging should not lag behind, and image digitization will become a must-go. Doctors only need to input patient information such as medical records in front of the computer.
I 號碼，便可立即看到該病人所做的各種檢查影像，以做出診 斷，利用影像數位化可減少病人等候時間，增進工作效率及大 幅降低人力成本。在21世紀影像診斷發展目標即在於傳統X 光攝影數位化、CT、US、MRI與PET等各種掃描技術的數位 影像之多功能影像處理與速度之增進，以及醫學影像擷取傳輸 系統之整合發展與應用。 | 從影像診斷作業角度而言，醫學影像之診斷可解析成三個 環節： • (1)影像生成（Generation); • (2)影像認知（Perception); (3)影像解讀及交流（Interpretation and Comunication)。 其中每一環節都會影響診斷質量。 一般的醫學影像攝取的技術主要包含電腦斷層掃描 (computed temography，CT)、核磁共振造影（magnetic resonance 5 M295769 imaging，MRI)、核子醫學影像（necl ear medicine，NM)及超 音波影像（ultra-sound，US)。這些影像一般均為被攝影物體的 某一橫斷面的影像，即二維（2 Dimensional，2D)影像。 而目前醫學影像攝取的技術在經過機器掃描後，事實上已 可掌握大部分的病患資料，但是僅將二維的影像作為醫師診斷 的依據，似乎不能完全符合醫師的需求，同時還可能導致一些 前述盲點的產生，而增加一些不確定的因素。 由於平面醫學影像尚未完全解決醫療上的問題，若能利用 電腦，將一系列的電腦斷層掃描影像或核磁共振影像疊起來， 經過一連串的電腦處理後，重建出原來三維的人體器官形態於 電腦螢幕上，可使醫生直接觀察病人的立體器官，而不必再像 以往只能憑想像猜測，對醫療診斷、治療作業有深遠正面的影 響。 而目前現有之三維影像方法只能以單一畫面或單一顯示 公式來呈現物體之外緣影像，或將二維之連續切割影像轉換為 三維體積測定模式（3D-volumetric model)，以及增加時間因素 分析而得之所謂四維動態影像（3D plus time)這些分析方式及 其態樣固然增加了以二維影像分析為主之利用性，但在生成三 維影像精密度及易判讀性仍然難以克服，進一步也限制了常規 判讀自動化的效益。（K park et al.，Volumetric heart model and analysis·， Communications of the ACM Feb 2005/ Vol.48，No2.pps43-47 ) 6 M295769 三維立體影像重建技術在實用上仍未臻完善，原因有以下 數點： (1) 取得咼解析度（high resolution)二維掃描影像的限制； (2) 掃“影像時移動受測物所造成之誤差及品質下降； (3) 掃描磁場的不均勻性，造成同—組織中不同區域訊號強度誤 差（見 Aoki S.，et al Cerebral aneurysms: detecti〇n _ delineation using 3-D-CT angiography. AJNR 13:1115-1120 因此依目前的醫學影像技術來看，藉由改進其三維影像的 技術，以提供精確的原始資料（二轉描影像）數據，使得借助 於其他輔料算法如冑腦三維影像㈣運算逐漸成為被接受 的二具。如此—來以往醫學手段難以觸及的領域如分析活體腦 型態或組織性料，舒縣有效輯及選擇正確的演算函數， 將能實際導入臨床之用。 【新型内容】 4的目的疋希望醫師能在動手術打開病患體腔之 前，醫師可利用個人電腦，透過滑鼠的移動及按鍵，即可對三 維立體影像進行旋轉、放大、切割，或直接由不同之角度觀察 病人體内器官的立體形態（亦即三維的器官形態），除此還可 以在個人電腦上進行各種不同的模擬手術。例如，在立體影像 上將病人腦部切開’取出—部分放大仔細觀察，或再做進一步 切割。若覺得切割取樣不好，則可再下刀重取。每—個動作均 M295769 可連續操作，並立即看到結果，此系統同時也提供計算如腫瘤 的體積大小、骨頭裂痕的長度等各種測量功能。這些都是在實 際開刀過料無法做到的，但卻可抑此I㈣先進行手術模 擬，提升醫師手術時的熟練度、正確度以及精準度。同時，藉 由該裝置也可作為醫學院學生或臨床醫師教m練之用。如診 斷更正確的病情，規劃適當的治療方法，將病患的部位完善處 理’而不傷及鄰近的重要器官’並做好將來手術後之復健計晝 等。 旦 目前市面上所使用的二維醫學影像技術，大致上有：核磁 共振、正子斷層掃瞄、正子加電腦斷層掃瞄、超音波及電腦斷 層掃瞄。本創作所使用的影像技術為具功能性的核磁共振，該 核磁共振在腦外科手術前之評估扮演一定的角色，其他目前具 有功能性影像的技術，如：正子電腦斷層攝影（PET)，因造 價昂貴，只有一般大型醫學中心所能負擔，故此項檢查的普遍 性並不高。相對地，具功能性的核磁共振的限制就少了許多， 不但掃描時間短，也沒有游離輻射之安全顧慮而且又能得到高 軟組織對比影像’這也為本創作使用核磁共振技術的原因所 在。 本創作之特色，在於以二維核磁共振影像，由其中亮度高 低之不同灰階分離出各個不同結構，而達成區分不同組織部 位，使實現分別標示出大腦皮質（灰質）、髓質（白質）、腦室、 8 M295769 月向血管、出血、血營瘤、腦瘤、# &躺胸屑發炎、梗塞、壞死、空洞或小 腦結構異常等之獨立三維立體影像。 本創作係提供—種由人⑽官之：料彡像歧階亮度分 包 析出，、中各組織，加以分別構建成三維影像的裝置（) 括 ⑴一影像造影器（1〇)，用以取得連續複數的人體器官二 維如像’其中該二維影像的|置（6())利用影像造影器 (10)取得連續的複數的人體器官二維影像；及 )主機（20)，用以運算與重組各自不同組織之三維影 像’完成影像分別成像之功用，其中，該主機（20)包 括一影像處理5| f 3 0、· a ^ 為1川），及一檢測軟體（4〇)，其中該 〜像處理$ (3〇) ’係用以決㈣像之灰階亮度，以分 析出三維影像之特定區域；其中該檢測軟體（叫係用 二解析特定區域的影像在不同灰階亮度下分別作片斷切 ，並重組成各自不同組織之三維影像， °亥—維影像的裝置（6G)並將影像造影器（1G)所取得的人體 '官二維影像傳送（11)至主機(2〇)，並將所取得的二維影 像糟由主機（20)上的影像處理器（則衫影像之灰階亮度， 糟此分析出三維影像之特定區域；及 該主機（2〇)，蔣旦〈 “理11 (3G)所料丨之料區域的三 維影像傳送（3 1彳s ^、 欢測軟體（40)，用以依照將該影像之不 9 M295769 同灰階亮度分別作片斷切割， 像’而達到分別成像之功用。 以重組成各自不同組織之三維影 具中，本創作可另包括 顯示螢幕（50)，用以顯示本 創作所完成之成像圖案。其可將成像完成之影像輸出⑵）在 ’頁丁螢幕（5G)上。此外，在本創作之—較佳實施例中影像 中灰階亮度為2的九次幂至十一次冪之灰階層次。在一更佳With the I number, you can immediately see the various inspection images made by the patient to make a diagnosis. The use of image digitization can reduce patient waiting time, improve work efficiency and greatly reduce labor costs. In the 21st century, the development goal of image diagnosis lies in the multi-dimensional image processing and speed enhancement of digital imagery of traditional X-ray photography, CT, US, MRI and PET, and the integration of medical image capture transmission system. And application. From the perspective of imaging diagnostics, the diagnosis of medical images can be analyzed into three links: • (1) image generation (Generation); (2) image perception (Perception); (3) image interpretation and communication (Interpretation and Comunication). Each of these links will affect the quality of the diagnosis. The general medical imaging techniques include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance 5 M295769 imaging (MRI), nuclear medical imaging (NCM) and ultrasound imaging (ultra-sound). , US). These images are generally images of a cross section of the object being photographed, that is, two-dimensional (2 Dimensional, 2D) images. At present, the technology of medical image ingestion can actually grasp most of the patient data after being scanned by machine. However, the use of two-dimensional images as the basis for physician diagnosis does not seem to fully meet the needs of physicians, and may also result in Some of the aforementioned blind spots are generated, and some uncertain factors are added. Since the planar medical image has not completely solved the medical problem, if a computer can be used to stack a series of computed tomography images or nuclear magnetic resonance images, after a series of computer processing, the original three-dimensional human organ shape is reconstructed on the computer screen. This allows the doctor to directly observe the patient's stereoscopic organs without having to rely on imaginary guessing in the past, which has far-reaching positive effects on medical diagnosis and treatment. At present, the existing three-dimensional image method can only display the outer edge image of the object by a single picture or a single display formula, or convert the two-dimensional continuous cut image into a three-dimensional volume measurement mode (3D-volumetric model), and increase the time factor analysis. The so-called four-dimensional dynamic image (3D plus time) analysis methods and their appearances have increased the use of two-dimensional image analysis, but the accuracy and legibility of generating three-dimensional images is still difficult to overcome, and further Limits the benefits of conventional interpretation automation. (K park et al., Volumetric heart model and analysis·, Communications of the ACM Feb 2005/ Vol.48, No2.pps43-47) 6 M295769 Three-dimensional image reconstruction technology is still not perfect in practice, for the following reasons Points: (1) Obtain the limitation of high resolution 2D scanned image; (2) Detect the error and quality caused by moving the object under the image; (3) Scan the magnetic field unevenness, resulting in Same-signal intensity error in different regions of the organization (see Aoki S., et al Cerebral aneurysms: detecti〇n _ delineation using 3-D-CT angiography. AJNR 13:1115-1120 Therefore, according to the current medical imaging technology, borrowing The technique of improving its three-dimensional image to provide accurate raw data (two-transfer image) data makes it gradually accepted as an accepted tool by means of other accessory algorithms such as camphor three-dimensional image (4). The areas touched, such as the analysis of living brain type or tissue materials, Shuxian effective compilation and selection of the correct calculus function, will be able to actually be introduced into clinical use. [New content] 4 Objective: Before a doctor can open a patient's body cavity by surgery, the doctor can use a personal computer to rotate, enlarge, cut, or directly observe the patient's body from different angles by moving the mouse and pressing the button. The three-dimensional shape of the internal organs (that is, the three-dimensional organ morphology), in addition to various different simulated operations on the personal computer. For example, in the stereoscopic image, the patient's brain is cut open's - partially enlarged and carefully observed, or Make further cuts. If you feel that the cut sampling is not good, you can re-cut the knife. Each action M295769 can be operated continuously, and the results are immediately seen. The system also provides calculations such as the size of the tumor and the crack of the bone. Various measurement functions such as length. These are not possible in actual surgery, but it can be suppressed. I (4) first perform surgical simulation to improve the proficiency, accuracy and precision of the surgeon. At the same time, the device also Can be used as a medical student or clinician to teach m. If you diagnose a more correct condition, plan appropriate treatment. The method of treating the patient's parts is 'not harming the adjacent vital organs' and doing rehabilitation exercises after the future surgery. The two-dimensional medical imaging technology currently used on the market is roughly: nuclear magnetic Resonance, positron tomography, positron plus computed tomography, ultrasound and computed tomography. The imaging technique used in this creation is functional nuclear magnetic resonance, which plays a certain role in the evaluation before brain surgery. Roles, other technologies that currently have functional images, such as Orthodontic Tomography (PET), are expensive because they are expensive, and the generality of this examination is not high. In contrast, functional nuclear magnetic resonance is much less restrictive, not only because of short scan times, but also because of the safety concerns of free radiation and the ability to obtain high-soft tissue contrast images. This is also the reason for the use of nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The feature of this creation is that two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance images are used to separate different structures from different gray levels in which the brightness is high and low, so as to distinguish different tissue parts, so as to realize the cerebral cortex (grey matter) and medulla (white matter) respectively. , ventricle, 8 M295769 monthly vascular, hemorrhage, blood tumor, brain tumor, # & lying chest inflammation, infarction, necrosis, cavity or cerebellar structural abnormalities and other independent three-dimensional images. This creative department provides a device for human (10) official: material 彡 歧 亮度 亮度 亮度 亮度 , , , , , , 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Obtaining a continuous plurality of human organs two-dimensional image such as 'the two-dimensional image of the set (6 ()) using the image contrast device (10) to obtain a continuous plurality of two-dimensional images of human organs; and) the host (20), with The three-dimensional image of the different tissues is calculated and reorganized to complete the function of separately imaging the image, wherein the host (20) includes an image processing 5|f 3 0, · a ^ is 1 Sichuan), and a detection software (4〇) ), wherein the ~image processing $(3〇)' is used to determine the grayscale brightness of the (4) image to analyze a specific region of the 3D image; wherein the detection software (the image is used to resolve the image of the specific region in different grays) The segment brightness is separately segmented and recombined into three-dimensional images of different tissues, and the device of the image (6G) is transmitted and the human body image obtained by the imager (1G) is transmitted (11) to the host. (2〇) and the 2D image obtained is bad The image processor on the host (20) (the grayscale brightness of the image of the shirt, and the specific area of the 3D image is analyzed; and the host (2〇), Jiang Dan ("Ling 11 (3G)" The 3D image transmission of the area (3 1 彳 ^ ^, the soft test software (40), is used to cut the image according to the gray level brightness of the image, and to achieve the function of separate imaging. Among the three-dimensional objects of different organizations, the creation may further include a display screen (50) for displaying the image pattern completed by the creation, which can output the imaged image (2) on the screen (5G). In addition, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gray level brightness of the image is 2 to 9 gray to eleven powers.
實施例中，影像中灰階亮度係2的十次幂之灰階層次。 本創作中，決定影像之灰階亮度係測量組織所求得特定灰 P皆層次區間。在-較佳實施例中，灰階亮度係根據測量正常或 病理組織所求得。 在一實施例中，本創作所指之正常組織係腦部、心臟、腎 臟、肺臟、骨骼、肌肉、脊髓、消化器官、泌尿器官、耳鼻喉 器官、視覺系統或循環血管系統。在一較佳實施例中，本創 作所指之腦部組織係係皮質（灰質）、髓質（白質）、腦室、腦血 管。在另一較佳實施例中，本創作所指之病理組織係腫瘤、出 血、血管瘤、腦瘤、發炎、梗塞、壞死、空洞或鈣化等結構異 常。 在本創作之實施例中，其中二維影像來源可來自電腦斷 層、核磁共振（MRI)、正子電腦斷層攝影（PET)、超音波、病理 切片或染色片。在另一較佳實施例中，本創作所指之該特定區 M295769 域係組織輪廓或組織浸潤，可以分別成像。在另一最佳實施例 中，本創作所指之組織輪廓或組織浸潤係選自腫瘤、脂肪、淋 巴、結蒂組織、纖維、血凝塊（hemorrhage)、創傷（trauma)、骨 折、中風（infarction of Stroke patient)、硬腦膜下血腫（subdural hematoma)、出血性腦中風（hemorrhagic stroke)、栓塞性腦中 風（ischemic stroke)、動靜脈畸形之腦出血 AVM hemorrhage、 腦内動脈瘤（intracranial aneurysm)、腦瘤、腦膜瘤 (meningioma)、惡性腦瘤及膿瘍。 其他可應用本創作之方法的其他診斷影像來源技術說明： 電腦斷層（CT) 在放射診斷學之領域中，最早數位化的就是CT，於1972 年由G. N. Hounsfield所發展之技術，當時叫做computerized axial transverse scanning，是利用一個點射源與單一偵檢器， 來债測穿透病人之加馬射線總量，稱為投影量（proj ection )， 在取得每一個角度與位置的投影量之後，即可利用電腦進行反 投影而重組影像，以得到切面影像。整個CT的發展，便是如 何以最少的時間而得到更好的影像為出發點。隨著電腦速度的 增進，處理的運算也就越複雜，在目前螺旋式CT中所取得的 資料就已經不再是一個橫斷面的資料，而是具有體積特性之資 料，利用電腦進行重組可取得任意一個切面的影像。在影像的 顯示方面也以透過三維空間重建 （three-dimensional 11 M295769 reconstruction)得到三維立體影像，亦可透過假彩色 (pseudo-color )的處理，使得灰階影像變為彩色影像，增加 色階解析度以方便診斷。透過以上之影像處理所得到的影像資 訊已經大大地增加診斷之正確性。 超音波 現今所使用之超音波掃描儀皆為實時掃描儀（real-time scanner)。其探頭或換能器（transducer)内之晶片具有壓電效 應，可為傳播器及接受器並將機械能（音波）與電能相互轉 換。超音波探頭之晶片受電擊所發射出之音波在介質中行經， 當音波經過兩個不同音波阻抗物質形成的介面時，部分音波即 會反射回探頭。此反射波或回音經收訊晶片轉換成電子訊號， 再經儀器數位化處理後形成影像。US在下一世紀臨床上之最 新發展包括超音波顯影劑之使用、US三度空間立體成像、調 g 波式（harmonic)影像、輕便型US掃描儀（類似手提式筆記型 電腦）將發揮如同聽筒的作用。以提昇服務、檢查及診斷品質。 在CT、MRI與US數位影像發展中，提供解析度更高、 . 掃描速度更快以及增加病人之舒適度，同時將影像由二維發展 至三維，以更清楚了解組織或器官間相關位置。 單光子放射電腦斷層掃描術（SPECT) 單光子放射電腦斷層掃描術（Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography，SPECT)—基本原理與一般核子醫學掃 12 M295769 描大致相同，不同處乃是針 ^ 亏疋、、且織或态官做360度、三产 空間靜態的造影掃描，所得爭後 / 田所付〜像為包含立體及三個斷層切面的 影像，且所提供的主要也是人 疋人體特疋組織或器官功能性方面的 貧訊，而有時亦能提供類似 版甲有關生理、生化和代謝活動 及定量分析的訊息。 正子斷層造影（PET) 正子斷層造影（P〇sitron Emissi〇n 了。，吻，)—是 近幾年來核子醫學中—門發展相當快速且㈣的影像診斷技 術。其方法乃是將經由正子放射核種標化（Labeied)的核子 醫學藥劑，以靜脈注射或吸人的途徑注人人體，等待—段特定 的時間後，再使用正子斷層掃描儀予以測定，藉以了解該放射 性追蹤劑在人體内的分佈狀況或新陳代謝是否異常。ρΕτ所 使用的核子醫學藥劑多屬具有高度專—性的生命基質或其衍 生物之標化物，可以針對特定組織或器官，収量的方式測定 其單位體積内的放射性濃度，藉以了解該特定組織或器官對特 定藥劑的代謝情形’進而探討出疾病的致病機轉，因此，pet 所能提供的是有關人體中特定組織或器官的生理、生化和代謝 活動方面的資訊，以及解剖結構的相對位置。由於絕大多數人 類疾病在發生初期，其生理、生化和代謝活動方面的變化皆在 解剖結構變化之先，使PET能在疾病初期便精確地提供多方 面定性與定量的資訊。PET是屬於三度空間的造影掃描，所 13 M295769 得影像為包含立體及三個斷層切面的影像，其影像品質與解析 度皆優於-般核子醫學掃描A SPECT。且除了核子醫學藥劑 及儀器本身有些許的放射性外，整個檢查過程對病人本身並不 會造成任何傷害，可以達到『早期診斷，早期治療』的功效。 核磁共振 其基本原理係為係用含單數質子的原子核，例如人體内廣泛存 φ 在的氫原子核，其質子有自旋運動，帶正電，產生磁矩，有如 個小磁體。小磁體自旋軸的排列無一定規律。但如在均勻的 強磁場中，則小磁體的自旋轴將按磁場磁力線的方向重新排 列）°在這種狀態下’用特定頻率的射頻脈衝進行激發，作為 小磁體的氫原子核吸收一定量的能而共振，即發生了磁共振現 象。停止發射射頻脈衝，則被激發的氫原子核把所吸收的能逐 步釋放出來，相位和能級都恢復到激發前的狀態。這一恢復過 φ 私稱為弛豫過程，而恢復到原來平衡狀態所需的時間則稱之為 弛豫時間。有兩種弛豫時間，一種是自旋-晶格弛豫時間又稱 縱向弛豫時間反映自旋核把吸收的能傳給周圍晶格所需要的 時間’也是90。射頻脈衝質子由縱向磁化轉到橫向磁化之後再 恢復到縱向磁化激發前狀態所需時間，稱T1。另一種是自旋_ 自旋弛豫時間，又稱橫向弛豫時間反映橫向磁化衰減、喪失的 過程’也即是橫向磁化所維持的時間，稱T2。T2衰減是由共 振質子之間相互磁化作用所引起，與T1不同，它引起相位的 14 M295769 變化。 人體不同哭奋μ ^ 时吕的正常組織與病理組織的T1是相對固定 的，而且它彳門夕 間有—定的差別，T2也是如此（表1-la、b)。 攻種組織間他豫時間上的差別，是核磁共振的成像基礎。 核磁共振的成像方法也與電腦斷層相似。其中，核磁共振 的影像雖然也以不允 — 同火度,、、、員不，但反映的是MR信號強度的不 同或弛豫時間T1盥T2的具t 二 一 2的長短，而不像電腦斷層影像，灰度 反映的是組織密度。 —^振的成像方法有如把檢查層面分成Nx，Ny，Nz ~里的j體積’忒體積稱之為體素，用接收器收集信息， 後輸入.十算機處理，獲得每個體素的L值（或η值）， 、仃工間、扁碼。用轉換器將每個了值轉為模擬灰度，而重建圖 像。核磁共振設備中的數據採集、處理和圖像顯示，除圖像重 建由Founer㈣代替了反投影以外，與電腦斷層非常相似。 表1-la人體正常與病變組織的T1值（ms) 肝 140〜170 腦膜瘤 200〜300 胰 180〜200 肝癌 300〜450 腎 300〜340 肝血管瘤 340〜370 膽汁 250〜300 胰腺癌 275〜400 血液 340〜370 腎癌 400〜450 脂肪 60〜80 肺膿腫 400〜500 15 M295769In the embodiment, the grayscale brightness of the image is the gray level of the tenth power of the power. In this creation, it is determined that the grayscale brightness of the image is measured by the organization to obtain a specific gray P level interval. In the preferred embodiment, gray scale brightness is determined based on measured normal or pathological tissue. In one embodiment, the normal tissue referred to in this creation is the brain, heart, kidney, lung, bone, muscle, spinal cord, digestive organs, urinary organs, otolaryngology organs, visual system, or circulatory vasculature. In a preferred embodiment, the brain tissue referred to in the present invention is a cortex (grey matter), a medulla (white matter), a ventricle, and a cerebral blood vessel. In another preferred embodiment, the pathology of the present invention is abnormal in structure such as tumor, hemorrhage, hemangioma, brain tumor, inflammation, infarction, necrosis, cavities or calcification. In an embodiment of the present invention, the source of the two-dimensional image may be from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron computed tomography (PET), ultrasound, pathological section or stained piece. In another preferred embodiment, the specific region M295769 refers to tissue contours or tissue infiltrations, which can be imaged separately. In another preferred embodiment, the tissue contour or tissue infiltration referred to in this creation is selected from the group consisting of tumor, fat, lymph, pedicle tissue, fiber, hemorrhage, trauma, fracture, stroke ( Infarction of Stroke patient), subdural hematoma, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, arteriovenous malformation, cerebral hemorrhage AVM hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysm (intracranial aneurysm) , brain tumors, meningioma, malignant brain tumors and abscesses. Other technical sources of diagnostic imaging that can be applied to this method: Computer Tomography (CT) In the field of radiodiagnostics, the earliest digitalization was CT, a technique developed by GN Hounsfield in 1972, called computerized axial. Transverse scanning uses a point source and a single detector to measure the total amount of gamma rays that penetrate the patient, called the projection. After obtaining the projection of each angle and position, The image is reconstructed by back projection using a computer to obtain a cut image. The development of the entire CT is how to get better images with the least amount of time as a starting point. With the increase of computer speed, the processing operation is more complicated. The data obtained in the current spiral CT is no longer a cross-sectional data, but a material with volume characteristics, which can be reorganized by computer. Get an image of any slice. In the display of images, three-dimensional images are also obtained through three-dimensional reconstruction (three-dimensional 11 M295769 reconstruction), and the pseudo-color processing can also be used to make the gray-scale images into color images and increase the level analysis. Degree to facilitate diagnosis. The image information obtained through the above image processing has greatly increased the accuracy of the diagnosis. Ultrasonic Ultrasonic scanners used today are real-time scanners. The wafer in the probe or transducer has a piezoelectric effect, which can be a propagator and a receiver and converts mechanical energy (sound waves) and electrical energy. The ultrasonic probe emits sound waves that are emitted by the electric shock in the medium. When the sound waves pass through the interface formed by two different acoustic impedance materials, part of the sound waves are reflected back to the probe. The reflected wave or echo is converted into an electronic signal by the receiving chip, and then digitized by the instrument to form an image. US's latest clinical developments in the next century include the use of ultrasound developers, US three-dimensional stereo imaging, harmonic imaging, and portable US scanners (like portable notebooks) that will act like earpieces The role. To improve service, inspection and diagnostic quality. In the development of CT, MRI and US digital imaging, it provides higher resolution, faster scanning speed and increased patient comfort, while developing images from 2D to 3D to better understand the relative position between tissues or organs. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) - The basic principle is the same as that of the general nuclear medicine scan 12 M295769. The difference is the needle ^ deficit, And the weaving or state official to do a 360-degree, three-production space static contrast scan, the resulting post-controversy / Tian Fu ~ ~ image contains three-dimensional and three tomographic images, and the main provide human body tissue or organs Functionality is poor, and sometimes it provides information about the physical, biochemical and metabolic activities and quantitative analysis of the plate. Positron tomography (PET) positron tomography (P〇sitron Emissi〇n, kiss,) is an imaging diagnostic technique that has developed rapidly in the field of nuclear medicine in recent years and (4). The method is to inject a human immunopharmaceutical via Labeied into a human body by intravenous injection or inhalation, and wait for a certain period of time, and then use a positron tomography scanner to measure. Whether the distribution or metabolism of the radioactive tracer in the human body is abnormal. The nuclear medicines used in ρΕτ are mostly highly specialized chemical matrixes or derivatives of their derivatives, which can be used to determine the concentration of radioactivity per unit volume for a specific tissue or organ, in order to understand the specific tissue or The metabolic condition of an organ to a specific agent' further explores the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, pet can provide information about the physiological, biochemical and metabolic activities of specific tissues or organs in the human body, as well as the relative position of the anatomical structure. . Since most human diseases occur at an early stage, their physiological, biochemical, and metabolic activities change first in anatomical structure, enabling PET to accurately provide multiple qualitative and quantitative information at the beginning of the disease. PET is a three-dimensional contrast scan. The image of 13 M295769 is an image containing three-dimensional and three-section cut surfaces, and its image quality and resolution are better than that of the general nuclear medicine scan A SPECT. In addition to the radioactivity of the nuclear medicine and the instrument itself, the entire inspection process does not cause any harm to the patient itself, and can achieve the effect of "early diagnosis, early treatment". Nuclear magnetic resonance The basic principle is to use a nucleus containing a single proton. For example, a hydrogen nucleus with a large number of φ in the human body has a spin motion, positive charge, and a magnetic moment, such as a small magnet. The arrangement of the spin axis of the small magnet has no regularity. However, if in a uniform strong magnetic field, the spin axis of the small magnet will be rearranged according to the direction of the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field. ° In this state, 'the RF pulse of a specific frequency is used to excite, and the hydrogen nucleus of the small magnet absorbs a certain amount. The energy can resonate, that is, the magnetic resonance phenomenon occurs. When the RF pulse is stopped, the excited hydrogen nuclei release the absorbed energy step by step, and the phase and energy levels are restored to the state before the excitation. This recovery of φ is privately referred to as the relaxation process, and the time required to return to the original equilibrium state is called the relaxation time. There are two relaxation times, one is that the spin-lattice relaxation time, also known as the longitudinal relaxation time, reflects the time required for the spin nuclei to transfer the absorbed energy to the surrounding lattice, which is also 90. The time required for the RF pulse proton to change from the longitudinal magnetization to the transverse magnetization and then to the state before the longitudinal magnetization excitation is called T1. The other is the spin_spin relaxation time, also known as the transverse relaxation time, which reflects the transverse magnetization decay and loss process, which is the time maintained by the transverse magnetization, called T2. The T2 attenuation is caused by the mutual magnetization between the co-vibrators. Unlike T1, it causes a phase change of 14 M295769. The body's normal tissue and pathological tissue T1 are relatively fixed, and it has a certain difference in the night, as does T2 (Table 1-la, b). The difference in time between the attacking organizations is the basis of NMR imaging. The imaging method of nuclear magnetic resonance is also similar to computerized tomography. Among them, although the image of nuclear magnetic resonance is not allowed - the same fire degree, and the staff does not, but it reflects the difference in MR signal strength or the relaxation time T1 盥 T2 with the length of t 2-1, unlike Computer tomographic images, grayscale reflects tissue density. - The imaging method of ^ vibration is like dividing the inspection level into Nx, Ny, Nz ~ j volume '忒 volume is called voxel, collecting information with the receiver, then inputting. Ten computer processing, obtaining L for each voxel Value (or η value), , labor room, flat code. The converter is used to convert each value to analog grayscale and reconstruct the image. Data acquisition, processing, and image display in NMR equipment are very similar to computerized tomography except that image reconstruction is replaced by Founer (4). Table 1-la T1 value of normal human and diseased tissue (ms) Liver 140~170 Meningioma 200~300 Pancreas 180~200 Liver cancer 300~450 Kidney 300~340 Hepatic hemangioma 340~370 Bile 250~300 Pancreatic cancer 275~ 400 blood 340~370 kidney cancer 400~450 fat 60~80 lung abscess 400~500 15 M295769
肌肉 120〜140 膀胱癌 200〜240 表l-lb 正常顱腦的T1與T2值（ms) 組 織 T1 T2 胼胝體 380 80 橋 腦 445 75 延 聽 475 100 小 腦 585 90 大 腦 600 100 腦脊液 1155 145 頭 皮 235 60 骨 髓 320 80 (http://www.esaote.com.cn/yingyong7.htm ) 16 M295769 【實施方式】 實施例一 本創作之具體實施例係為構建成三維影像的褒置（的）以 核磁共振為所運用之二維影像 如第1圖所示，其說明本創作之構建成三維影像的裝置 (60 )’其說明本創作之運作模式·· 構建成三維影像的裝置（6〇)利用影像造影器⑴）取得 連續的複數的人體器官二維影像，並將影像造影器（⑷所^ 得的人體器官二維影像傳送（11)至主機（2G)，接著再將所 取得的二維影像藉由主機（2〇)上的影像處理器（3G)決定影 像之灰階亮度，藉此分析出三維影像之特定區域丨主機（加） 上之檢測軟體再利用影像處理器（3G)所分析出之特定區域的 三維影像傳送⑶）至檢測軟體（40)，以依照將該影像之不 同灰階亮度分別作片斷切割，以重組成各自不同組織之三維影 像’而達到分別成像之功用。而成像完成之影像，可藉由影像 輸出（22)將成像完成之影像顯示在顯示螢幕（5〇)上，以此 顯示以分別重組成像之圖像。 實施例二 MRI影像掃描方式： 月自部MRI影像知描參數（scanning parameters) 病患位置：supiae 17 M295769 線圈：頭部 T1加權像：3D破壞性穩態梯度回聚回波（SPGR)解析 TR=3 3毫秒 回波時間（echo time)= 3.0毫秒 轉置角度（flip angle)=35度 頻寬（bandwidth)=15.63 NEX (number of excitations): 1 Matria ： 256*192 Zip512Muscle 120~140 Bladder Cancer 200~240 Table l-lb T1 and T2 values of normal craniocerebral tissue (ms) Tissue T1 T2 Steroid 380 80 Bridge brain 445 75 Delay listening 475 100 Cerebellum 585 90 Brain 600 100 Cerebrospinal fluid 1155 145 Scalp 235 60 Bone marrow 320 80 (http://www.esaote.com.cn/yingyong7.htm) 16 M295769 [Embodiment] Embodiment 1 The specific embodiment of the present invention is a device constructed as a three-dimensional image for nuclear magnetic resonance. As shown in Fig. 1, the two-dimensional image used is a device (60) for constructing a three-dimensional image of the present invention, which explains the operation mode of the creation, and the device (6〇) for constructing a three-dimensional image. The contrast device (1)) obtains a continuous plurality of two-dimensional images of the human body, and transmits the image (2) to the host (2G), and then obtains the obtained two-dimensional image. The image processor (3G) on the host (2〇) determines the grayscale brightness of the image, thereby analyzing the specific area of the 3D image, and the detection software on the host (plus) is analyzed by the image processor (3G). Special ⑶ three-dimensional image transfer zone) to the detection software (40), not in accordance with the image to the gray level for the same fragments are cut to their weight composition as the three-dimensional Movies' are different organizations and functions to achieve the imaging, respectively. For the imaged image, the imaged image can be displayed on the display screen (5〇) by the image output (22) to display the images separately reconstructed. Example 2 MRI image scanning method: Monthly autologous MRI imaging scanning parameters Patient position: supiae 17 M295769 Coil: Head T1 weighted image: 3D destructive steady-state gradient echo back echo (SPGR) analysis TR =3 3 ms echo time = 3.0 milliseconds flip angle = 35 degrees bandwidth = 15.63 NEX (number of excitations): 1 Matria : 256*192 Zip512
視野（FOV) : 22公分 影像切割厚度（slice thickness): 1.5公厘 掃描區域：全腦Field of view (FOV): 22 cm Image thickness (slice thickness): 1.5 mm Scanning area: whole brain
18 M295769 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1說明本創作之實施方式； 圖2說明本創作之三維立體影像重建處理前電腦輔助斷層掃描 之連續二維影像； 圖3說明本創作之大腦皮質二維電腦辅助斷層掃描影像的一 立體影像重建圖，上圖為異常病歷，下圖為該部分正常之 對照組；18 M295769 [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1 illustrates the implementation of the creation; Figure 2 illustrates the continuous two-dimensional image of the computer-assisted tomography before the reconstruction of the three-dimensional image reconstruction of the creation; Figure 3 illustrates the two-dimensional computer of the brain cortex of the creation A stereoscopic image reconstruction image of the assisted tomographic image, the upper image is an abnormal medical record, and the lower figure is a normal control group of the part;
圖4說明本創作之大腦髓質二維電腦辅助斷層掃描影像的三維 立體影像重建圖，上圖為異常病歷，下圖為該部分正常之 對照組； 圖5說明本創作之腦室二維電腦輔助斷層掃福影像的三維立體 影像重建圖，上圖為異常病歷，下圖為讀部分正常之對照 組。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 :影像造影器 11 ·二維影像傳送 20 :主機 22 :影像輸出 3 〇 ·影像處理器 31 ·二維影像傳送 40γ檢測軟體 19 M295769 50 :顯示螢幕 60 :構建成三維影像的裝置Figure 4 illustrates the three-dimensional image reconstruction of the two-dimensional computer-assisted tomography image of the brain medulla of the present creation. The upper picture shows the abnormal medical record, and the lower picture shows the normal control group of the part; Figure 5 illustrates the two-dimensional computer aid of the ventricle of the present creation. The three-dimensional image reconstruction map of the fault-sweeping image, the upper picture shows the abnormal medical record, and the lower picture shows the normal control group. [Main component symbol description] 10 : Image contrast device 11 · 2D image transmission 20 : Host 22 : Image output 3 〇 · Image processor 31 · 2D image transmission 40 γ detection software 19 M295769 50 : Display screen 60 : Built in 3D Image device
2020