M278039 八、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係有關一種油浸式高壓啓斷開關防震缺油安全啓 斷裝置，係於防止油浸式斷路工作於低油量而能自動驅動高壓啓 斷開關啓斷電路之安全保護裝置，其藉由以油面下降造成浮筒總 浮力降低而產生下壓力驅動高壓啓斷開關跳脫，及以減震阻尼筒 結構，具有抗震能力，使用上更爲安全之油浸式高壓啓斷開關缺 油防震缺油啓斷裝置。 【先前技術】 國外電業以油浸式高壓啓斷開關運用於變壓器已有 數十年歷史，而台灣電業亦於民國八十年間開始採用至 今，雖其技術益臻成熟，惟近年來台灣電業爲隱藏高壓活 電部分及縮小設備體積，故將過電流及過電壓保護設備裝 置於變壓器箱體內，使得變壓器內部各接線絕緣間距大幅 縮小，但卻發現當變壓器箱體外殻鏽蝕或破裂而導致絕緣 油洩漏，致高壓帶電體露出油面，即發生絕緣距離不足電 弧閃落事故，目前國外設計之高壓啓斷開關並無偵測及自 M278039 動跳脫之功能，除無法將變壓器內部接線斷電隔離，甚至 會發生高壓啓斷開關因絕緣油不足無法成功消弧，而導致 電弧氣爆而危及人員。 本創作人有鑑上述習式之缺失，乃思及創作的意念， 遂以多年的經驗加以設計，經多方探討，並試作樣品試作 及多次修正改良，乃推出本創作。 【新型內容】 目前習知油浸式變壓器之高壓側啓斷開關，並無缺油 自動跳脫及防止跳脫機構因震動產生誤動作之裝置（或僅 止於構想而無法實現），如啓斷開關消弧桶內油量不足，將 造成啓斷失敗之嚴重事故損失。 本創作除提供啓斷開關之缺油無法投入及自動跳脫 之安全裝置外，並具備防止震動所造成誤動作之設計；防 震缺油安全啓斷裝置包括有一開口朝上方之盛油杯，盛油 杯下部與浮筒相連後，置於有一或數個小開孔之阻尼油杯 內，浮筒並以一連接桿與啓斷開關之驅動跳脫機構互連。 由於高壓啓斷開關體積很小，因此可供裝置浮筒之空 M278039 間亦小’但高壓啓斷開關跳脫機構卻需一定力量方得以驅 動，因此本創作係利用當設備無漏油時，盛油杯與浮筒是 完全浸置在絕緣油內，因此浮筒浮力僅需大於浮筒本身、 盛油杯及連接桿在絕緣油中之重量即可上浮，當漏油使絕 緣油面下降時，盛油杯內仍充滿絕緣油，該油杯內之絕緣 油產生之下壓力將隨絕緣油面下降而逐漸增加，當下壓力 大於高壓啓斷開關跳脫機構所需力量時，高壓啓斷開關即 跳脫，且利用絕緣油通過細開孔產生阻力之原理，設計阻 尼油杯，當震動產生下壓力（或上升力），壓縮阻尼油杯內 之絕緣油，因絕緣油通過阻尼油杯細開孔產生阻力，因此 抵銷了部分因震動產生的下壓力，即緩和盛油杯之震動， 則高壓啓斷開關跳脫驅動機構即不致因地震或風壓、車行 產生之震動，而發生誤跳脫。 【實施方式】 餘下，茲配合圖式，詳細說明本創作最佳實施例如 后：請參閱第第一圖、二圖、第三圖、第四圖及第五圖， 係分別爲高壓啓動開關之立體圖、本創作之立體圖、本創 M278039 作之剖視圖本創作浸置於油中之剖視圖、本創作因缺油之 動作圖、本創作因震動之減緩震動原理圖，如第一圖所示， 高壓啓動開關其係於高壓啓開關主體1上方兩側分別設有 裝置於啓斷開關之防震缺油跳脫裝置2、高壓啓斷開關之 主高壓啓斷開關3，其前方則設有高壓啓斷開關之操作把 手4;本創作係包含無開口底部11之盛油杯10、浮筒20、 阻尼油杯30、連接桿40、啓斷開關跳脫機構50，其中浮 筒20係結合設於盛油杯1〇下方，而提供浮筒20上下運動 套合之阻尼油杯30，於其底部設有開孔32，浮筒20下方 設有貫穿阻尼油杯30之連接桿40，連接桿40下方設有套 於啓斷開關跳脫機構50上下並供其啓斷回復之動作環41 及制止環42，本創作裝置其盛油杯10之開口朝上，可以 發泡材料製成或中空並與盛油杯10結合之浮筒20及開口 朝上但杯底部31有一或兩開孔32貫穿之阻尼油杯30、浮 筒20連接上連接桿40及透過連接桿40與具套孔51之啓 斷開關跳脫機構50連接。 本創作動作之原理，當變壓器箱體內油面正常時（如 圖四之正常油面60a)，本創作係浸置於絕緣油100中，盛 M278039 油杯10內部充滿絕緣油10a，當因變壓器箱體鏽蝕或外物 碰撞破裂致漏油時，箱體內之絕緣油1〇〇油面將隨著漏油 下降（如圖五之下降油面60b)，但盛油杯1〇內仍充滿絕緣 油10a，盛油杯10內之絕緣油10a重量所產生之下壓力 10b，將隨絕緣油10油面下降而增加，當下壓力l〇b大於 浮筒浮力20a及驅動啓斷開關跳脫機構50所需之力量，即 藉連接桿40套於具套孔51之啓斷開關跳脫機構50上下之 動作環41及制止環42之動作環41下壓，啓斷開關即被跳 脫。 爲確保缺油自動跳脫機構不受地震、車行或風壓造成 之震動影響，在浮筒20下方設置一如圖三之減震阻尼油杯 30，其構造特點係在阻尼油杯30下方底部31有一個或數 個貫穿開孔32(如圖三之32)，該裝置係利用絕緣油油進出 阻尼油杯31a下方之開孔32產生阻力（如圖六），當震動引 起油面上下波動60c，使浮筒10產生上下擺動，惟浮筒10 擺動時會將阻尼油杯30內之絕緣油30a經細開孔32擠出 (或吸入），絕緣油進出阻尼油杯31a，但絕緣油30a進出 細開孔32產生之阻力，即可抵銷部分因震動所產生之力 M278039 量，因此減緩了浮筒10振動擺幅。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖高壓啓動開關之立體圖。 第二圖係本創作之立體圖。 第三圖係本創作之剖視圖。 第四圖係本創作浸置於油中之剖視圖。 第五圖係本創作因缺油之動作圖。 第六圖係本創作因震動之減緩震動原理圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 [本創作] 1···高壓啓斷開關主體 2···防震缺油跳脫裝置 3···高壓啓斷開關之主高壓啓斷開關 4···高壓啓斷開關之操作把手 10盛油杯 10a…絕緣油 l〇b…下壓力 11 M278039 11…無開孔底部 20a···浮筒浮力 30a…絕緣油 31a···絕緣油進出阻尼油杯 40…連接桿 42…制止環 51…套孔 60c···油上下波動 20…浮筒 30…阻尼油杯 31…底部 32…開孔 41…動作環 50…啓斷開關跳脫機構 60a···正常油面 100…絕緣油M278039 8. Description of the new type: [Technical field to which the new type belongs] This creation relates to an oil-immersed high-voltage on / off switch with anti-vibration and lack of oil safety on-off device, which is designed to prevent oil-immersed disconnection from working with low oil volume and can automatically drive high pressure The safety protection device of the on-off circuit of the on-off switch, which lowers the total buoyancy of the pontoon by falling oil level to drive down the high-voltage on-off switch to trip down, and the structure of shock-absorbing damping cylinder, which has anti-vibration ability. More secure oil-immersed high-voltage on-off switch. [Previous technology] Oil-immersed high-voltage on-off switches have been used in transformers for decades in foreign power industries, and Taiwan's power industry has also been adopted since the 1980s. Although its technology has matured, in recent years, In order to hide the high-voltage live power and reduce the size of the equipment, Taiwan Electric has installed overcurrent and overvoltage protection equipment in the transformer box, which has greatly reduced the insulation distance between the internal wiring of the transformer. However, it was found that when the transformer box shell was rusted or cracked As a result, the insulating oil leaks, and the high-voltage charged body is exposed to the oil surface, that is, an arc flash accident occurs when the insulation distance is insufficient. At present, the high-voltage on-off switch designed abroad does not have the function of detecting and tripping from M278039. The internal wiring is electrically isolated, and even high-voltage on-off switches fail to extinguish arcs due to insufficient insulation oil, leading to gas explosion and endangering personnel. The author has learned the lack of the above-mentioned habits, and thought about the idea of creation. He then designed it based on many years of experience, discussed it from various parties, and tried out sample trials and revisions and improvements to launch this creation. [New content] At present, the high-voltage side on-off switches of oil-immersed transformers are known, and there is no device for automatic tripping due to lack of oil and preventing tripping mechanisms from malfunctioning due to vibration (or only the idea cannot be achieved), such as on-off switches Insufficient oil volume in the arc extinguishing barrel will cause serious accident losses due to failure to start. In addition to providing a safety device that cannot be put into operation and automatically tripped due to oil shortage of the start switch, this creation also has a design to prevent malfunction caused by vibration. The anti-vibration and oil shortage safety start device includes an oil cup with an opening facing upwards. After the lower part of the cup is connected with the buoy, it is placed in a damping oil cup with one or more small openings, and the buoy is interconnected with the tripping mechanism of the trip switch by a connecting rod. Due to the small volume of the high-voltage on-off switch, the space available for the installation buoy M278039 is also small. However, the high-voltage on-off switch trip mechanism requires a certain amount of force to drive it. Therefore, this creation uses the The oil cup and buoy are completely immersed in the insulating oil, so the buoyancy of the buoy need only be greater than the weight of the buoy itself, the oil cup and the connecting rod in the insulating oil, and when the oil leakage drops the insulating oil level, the oil The cup is still filled with insulating oil, and the downward pressure generated by the insulating oil in the oil cup will gradually increase as the insulating oil level drops. When the down pressure is greater than the force required by the high-voltage on-off switch trip mechanism, the high-voltage on-off switch will trip. , And using the principle that the insulating oil generates resistance through the fine openings, the damping oil cup is designed. When the vibration generates a downforce (or rising force), the insulating oil in the damping oil cup is compressed, because the insulating oil is generated through the fine openings of the damping oil cup. Resistance, so offset some of the downforce due to vibration, that is, to mitigate the vibration of the oil cup, the high-voltage on-off switch tripping the drive mechanism will not be caused by earthquakes or wind pressure, the vehicle Shock, and false tripping occurs. [Embodiment] The rest, in conjunction with the drawings, explain the best example of this creation in detail: Please refer to the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth images, which are the high-voltage start switches, respectively. Three-dimensional view, three-dimensional view of this creation, cross-section view of this creation M278039, this section is immersed in oil, this figure is due to lack of oil, this figure is due to vibration, and the principle of vibration mitigation is shown in the first figure. The starter switch is provided on the upper side of the main body 1 of the high-voltage start-up switch, and is provided with a shock-proof and oil-free trip device installed on the start-up switch 2. The main high-voltage start-up switch 3 of the high-voltage start-up switch is provided with a high-voltage start-up in front. Switch operating handle 4; this creation includes oil cup 10 without opening bottom 11, pontoon 20, damping oil cup 30, connecting rod 40, and trip switch trip mechanism 50, of which pontoon 20 is combined with the oil cup 10, a damping oil cup 30 provided with the buoy 20 moving up and down is provided with an opening 32 at the bottom thereof, a connecting rod 40 penetrating the damping oil cup 30 is provided below the buoy 20, and a connecting rod 40 is provided below the connecting rod 40. On / off switch trip 50 up and down action ring 41 and stop ring 42 for its on-off recovery. The opening of the oil cup 10 of this creative device is facing upwards, which can be made of foamed material or hollow and combined with the oil cup 10 and the opening 20 The damping oil cup 30 facing upward but having one or two openings 32 penetrating through the cup bottom 31, the buoy 20 is connected to the connecting rod 40, and is connected to the trip switch trip mechanism 50 with the sleeve 51 through the connecting rod 40. The principle of this creative action is that when the oil level inside the transformer box is normal (as shown in Figure 4, the normal oil level 60a), this creative system is immersed in insulating oil 100, and the inside of Sheng M278039 oil cup 10 is filled with insulating oil 10a. When the cabinet is rusted or the foreign matter collides and ruptures due to oil leakage, the 100 oil level of the insulating oil in the box will decrease with the oil leakage (as shown in Figure 5, the oil level is lowered 60b), but the oil cup 10 is still full of insulation. Oil 10a, the lower pressure 10b generated by the weight of the insulating oil 10a in the oil cup 10 will increase as the oil level of the insulating oil 10 decreases. When the lower pressure 10b is greater than the buoyancy of the buoy 20a and the drive trip mechanism 50 The required force, that is, the connecting ring 40 is set on the upper and lower action rings 41 of the trip switch trip mechanism 50 with the sleeve hole 51 and the action ring 41 of the stop ring 42 is pressed down, and the trip switch is tripped. In order to ensure that the oil-deficient automatic trip mechanism is not affected by vibration caused by earthquakes, driving or wind pressure, a shock-absorbing damping oil cup 30 is provided below the buoy 20 as shown in FIG. 31 has one or several through openings 32 (as shown in 32 of Fig. 3). This device uses the insulating oil to enter and exit the opening 32 under the damping oil cup 31a to generate resistance (see Fig. 6). When the vibration causes the oil surface to fluctuate 60c, causing the buoy 10 to swing up and down, but when the buoy 10 swings, the insulating oil 30a in the damping oil cup 30 is extruded (or sucked) through the fine opening 32, the insulating oil enters and exits the damping oil cup 31a, but the insulating oil 30a enters and exits. The resistance generated by the fine openings 32 can offset part of the force M278039 due to the vibration, thus slowing down the vibration swing of the buoy 10. [Brief description of the diagram] The first diagram is a perspective view of the high-voltage start switch. The second picture is a three-dimensional view of this creation. The third picture is a sectional view of this creation. The fourth picture is a cross-sectional view of the creation immersed in oil. The fifth picture is the action diagram of this creation due to lack of oil. The sixth diagram is the principle of vibration reduction in this creation due to vibration. [Description of Symbols of Main Components] [This creation] 1 ··· The main body of the high-voltage on / off switch 2 ··· Shockproof oil-free tripping device 3 ··· The main high-voltage on-off switch of the high-voltage on-off switch 4 ··· High-voltage on-off Operating handle of switch 10 Oil cup 10a ... Insulating oil 10b ... Down pressure 11 M278039 11 ... Bottom without opening 20a ... Float buoyancy 30a ... Insulating oil 31a ... Insulating oil in and out of damping oil cup 40 ... Connecting rod 42 ... Stop ring 51 ... Sleeve hole 60c ... Oil fluctuating up and down 20 ... Float 30 ... Damp oil cup 31 ... Bottom 32 ... Opening hole 41 ... Operating ring 50 ... On / off switch trip mechanism 60a ... Normal oil level 100 … Insulating oil