TWI839736B - Triply periodic minimal surface heat exchangers with equal or different characteristic diameters - Google Patents
Triply periodic minimal surface heat exchangers with equal or different characteristic diameters Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
熱交換器設計(Heat Exchanger Design) Heat Exchanger Design
熱交換器是用於在兩種或多種流體之間傳遞熱量的系統。熱交換器用於冷卻和加熱過程,例如汽車引擎的散熱器(Radiator)即為一熱交換器,此熱交換器之設計藉由冷媒循環流動經引擎四週受熱後流至水箱的散熱器管線結構進行熱交換,空氣流動經過散熱器結構即將引擎廢熱排出大氣中。流體可以由固體壁隔開以防止混合,或者它們可以直接接觸。它們廣泛用於空間供暖、製冷、空調、發電站、化工廠、石油化工廠、煉油廠、天然氣加工和污水處理。 A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Heat exchangers are used in cooling and heating processes. For example, the radiator of a car engine is a heat exchanger. The design of this heat exchanger is to circulate the refrigerant around the engine, heat it, and then flow to the radiator pipe structure of the water tank to exchange heat. The air flows through the radiator structure to discharge the engine waste heat into the atmosphere. The fluids can be separated by solid walls to prevent mixing, or they can be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, cooling, air conditioning, power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, refineries, natural gas processing and sewage treatment.
三維週期性最小曲面(Triply Periodic Minimal Surface,TPMS) Three-dimensional Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS)
三維週期性最小表面(TPMS)表示具有三個獨立方向和平均曲率為零的表面的週期性無限結構。三維週期性最小曲面(TPMS)是一種仿生結構,在工程和生物醫學領域具有許多優勢。從在3D中重新創建自身的角度來看,最小曲面的連續平均曲率為零,即每個點的主要曲率之和為零。迄今為止,已有許多TPMS結構被發現和研究,大多以結構之領域最多,其他領域才剛開始。本專利以應用TPMS結構於熱交換器之研究。 A three-dimensional periodic minimal surface (TPMS) represents a periodic infinite structure with three independent directions and a surface with zero mean curvature. A three-dimensional periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is a biomimetic structure with many advantages in the fields of engineering and biomedicine. From the perspective of recreating itself in 3D, the continuous mean curvature of the minimal surface is zero, that is, the sum of the principal curvatures at each point is zero. So far, many TPMS structures have been discovered and studied, most of which are in the field of structure, and other fields are just beginning. This patent is based on the study of applying TPMS structures to heat exchangers.
積層製造或3D列印(Additive Manufacturing,or 3D Printing) Additive Manufacturing, or 3D Printing
積層製造(Additive manufacturing,AM)名稱意即通過添加材料作為連續材料逐層沉積的製造過程;它也被稱為3D列(打)印,是積層製造的代名詞。 The name Additive manufacturing (AM) refers to the manufacturing process by adding materials as continuous material deposition layer by layer; it is also called 3D printing, which is a synonym for additive manufacturing.
積層製造是從電腦繪圖模型(CAD)或數位3D模型構建3D物件(Object)。術語“3D列印”可以指在計算機控制下將材料沉積、連接或固化以創建3D物體的各種過程,其中材料被添加在一起(例如塑料、液體或粉末顆粒被熔合在一起),通常是一層一層的依次加工結果。 Additive manufacturing is the construction of 3D objects from computer-generated graphics (CAD) models or digital 3D models. The term "3D printing" can refer to various processes in which materials are deposited, connected or solidified under computer control to create 3D objects, where materials are added together (such as plastic, liquid or powder particles are fused together), usually layer by layer.
熱交換器(Heat Exchanger,HEX)的歷史可追溯至1880年代,其主要應用是食品和飲料行業。人們普遍認為,第一個記錄在案的板式熱交換器專利於1878年授予德國的Albrecht Dracke。然而,在1900年代初,人們可找到熱交換器的第一個現代和商業案例。熱交換器的經典例子是在內燃機中發現的,其中稱為內燃機冷媒的循環流體流經散熱器管線結構,與空氣流過散熱器管線作熱交換,冷卻冷媒並將熱量傳給進入的空氣。 The history of heat exchangers (HEX) dates back to the 1880s, with their primary application being in the food and beverage industry. It is generally believed that the first documented patent for a plate heat exchanger was granted to Albrecht Dracke of Germany in 1878. However, the first modern and commercial use of heat exchangers can be found in the early 1900s. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine, where a circulating fluid called the engine refrigerant flows through a radiator pipe structure, exchanging heat with air flowing through the radiator pipes, cooling the refrigerant and transferring heat to the incoming air.
另一個例子是熱沈(Heat Sink),它是一種被動式熱交換器,將電子或機械設備產生的熱量傳遞給流體介質,通常是空氣或液體冷卻劑。 Another example is a heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers heat generated by electronic or mechanical equipment to a fluid medium, usually air or liquid coolant.
熱交換器會影響工廠的整體效率,隨著工業的發展,對更高效和改進的熱交換器的需求不斷增加。幾個世紀以來,換熱器的設計一直在不斷改進。有不同種類的熱交換器,如管殼式(Shell & Tube)、板式(Plate)、板框式(Plate & Frame)、板殼式(Plate & Shell)等型式熱交換器。過去板框式熱交換器因其易於維護和高效率而被廣泛使用。但是所有類型的熱交換器的基本設計理念都是相同的。 Heat exchangers affect the overall efficiency of a plant, and with the development of industry, the demand for more efficient and improved heat exchangers is increasing. The design of heat exchangers has been constantly improving for centuries. There are different types of heat exchangers, such as Shell & Tube, Plate, Plate & Frame, Plate & Shell, etc. Plate and Frame heat exchangers were widely used in the past because of their easy maintenance and high efficiency. But the basic design concept of all types of heat exchangers is the same.
板式熱交換器(Plate Heat Exchanger,PHE) Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE)
板式熱交換器(Plate Heat Exchanger,PHE)是一種利用金屬板在兩種流 體之間傳遞熱量的一種熱交換器。它由一串列薄板組成,二種型式的薄板交錯排列在一個框架上,每個相鄰交錯板之間的空間暴露在相同的流體中。與傳統的熱交換器相比,板式熱交換器具有一個主要優勢,因為流體在板上散開流動,因此流體暴露於更大的表面積。這些薄板是具有波紋狀的流道,這增加了強度並有助於促進紊流(Turbulent flow)的產生。為了獲得正確的液體速度和適當的壓降,可以將薄板置放在一串列通道中。 A plate heat exchanger (PHE) is a heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. It consists of a series of thin plates, two types of thin plates are staggered on a frame, and the space between each adjacent staggered plate is exposed to the same fluid. Compared with traditional heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers have a major advantage because the fluid flows spread out on the plates, so the fluid is exposed to a larger surface area. These thin plates have corrugated flow channels, which increases strength and helps promote turbulent flow. In order to obtain the correct liquid velocity and appropriate pressure drop, the thin plates can be placed in a series of channels.
三維週期性最小曲面(Triply Periodic Minimal Surface,TPMS)-迄今為止,已經發現並正在研究多種TPMS結構。Schwarz在1865年描述的表面是TPMS的第一個例子,伴隨著他的同事Neovius在1883年描述的表面。Alan Schoen(美國NASA科學家)在1970年描述了另外12個TPMS。TPMS作為輕質材料的廣泛應用,除結構外,打破了局限,亦可應用於許多領域,如使用在吸音、電池電極、催化劑載體等技術領域。 Three-dimensional Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) - To date, many TPMS structures have been discovered and are being studied. The surface described by Schwarz in 1865 was the first example of TPMS, followed by the surface described by his colleague Neovius in 1883. Alan Schoen (NASA scientist) described another 12 TPMS in 1970. TPMS, as a widely used lightweight material, has broken the limitations in addition to structure and can also be applied to many fields, such as sound absorption, battery electrodes, catalyst carriers and other technical fields.
三維最小曲面結構熱交換器設計(TPMS Heat Exchanger Design) Three-dimensional minimum surface structure heat exchanger design (TPMS Heat Exchanger Design)
三重週期(即三維方向重複延伸)最小曲面(TPMS)結構(類似一種蜂窩結構)有一特色-即有一對(二組)3D無限延伸之管路,彼此又不會互相連通。因此,可利用其不互相連通之特點,改成作為一創新的三維最小曲面結構熱交換器設計(TPMS Heat Exchanger Design),使熱流體與冷流體不致混合在一起。本創作之主要特色即將TPMS結構應用於熱交換器設計之新領域,此創新設計可用於熱交換器和熱管理設備,以實現更有效率的熱傳遞現象。 The triple-periodic (i.e., three-dimensionally repeatedly extended) minimal surface (TPMS) structure (similar to a honeycomb structure) has a feature - that is, there is a pair (two groups) of 3D infinitely extended pipes that are not interconnected. Therefore, the feature of not being interconnected can be used to transform it into an innovative three-dimensional minimal surface structure heat exchanger design (TPMS Heat Exchanger Design) so that the hot fluid and the cold fluid will not mix together. The main feature of this creation is to apply the TPMS structure to the new field of heat exchanger design. This innovative design can be used in heat exchangers and thermal management equipment to achieve more efficient heat transfer.
本創作「三維最小曲面(TPMS)結構熱交換器設計」與板式熱交換器設計相比,TPMS熱交換器具有以下諸多優點: Compared with the plate heat exchanger design, the TPMS heat exchanger has the following advantages:
(1)因為TPMS的高結構強度特性,可以在相同的溫度下,承受比傳統熱交換器更高的壓力。 (1) Due to the high structural strength of TPMS, it can withstand higher pressure than traditional heat exchangers at the same temperature.
(2)因為TPMS的高曲面特性,使其接觸表面積較一般板式熱交換器大約為原來2倍左右的面積; (2) Due to the high curved surface characteristics of TPMS, its contact surface area is about twice that of a general plate heat exchanger;
(3)因為TPMS的高曲面特性,使流體在由部流動更易產生紊流,促使流體不致在平板流產生邊界層成長(Boundary Layer Growth)現象而熱傳係數隨長度遞減,降低了整體熱傳效率。即TPMS熱交換器可以有更高的熱傳係數。 (3) Due to the high curved surface characteristics of TPMS, the fluid is more likely to generate turbulence in the flow, which prevents the fluid from generating boundary layer growth in flat plate flow and the heat transfer coefficient decreases with length, reducing the overall heat transfer efficiency. That is, the TPMS heat exchanger can have a higher heat transfer coefficient.
(4)因為TPMS的高結構強度特性,若在相同操作壓力需求下,整體管壁可以設計得更薄,即可以降低熱阻抗(Thermal Resistance),因而可以有更大的熱傳效率。 (4) Due to the high structural strength of TPMS, under the same operating pressure requirement, the overall tube wall can be designed to be thinner, which can reduce thermal resistance and thus achieve greater heat transfer efficiency.
由以上四點,可更明確的表現出本創作之三維最小曲面結構熱交換器(TPMS Heat Exchanger)的卓越特性,將較過去號稱先進的板式熱交換器更有近5倍以上的熱傳效率,有機會未來大幅度的取代高熱傳效率或高熱傳量的裝置。 The above four points can more clearly demonstrate the outstanding characteristics of this invention's three-dimensional minimum surface structure heat exchanger (TPMS Heat Exchanger), which will have a heat transfer efficiency nearly 5 times higher than the previously so-called advanced plate heat exchanger, and has the potential to largely replace high heat transfer efficiency or high heat transfer devices in the future.
然而,TPMS熱交換器這一種創新的熱交換器概念結構設計,目前只能通過積層製造技術才能實現。例如,Gyroid熱交換器中有兩個由結構壁隔開的耦合體,兩個交叉結構可以通過關閉不需要的孔洞來設計成熱交換器使用,這些複雜的熱交換器結構目前可用積層製造方法達成。 However, the innovative heat exchanger concept structure design of TPMS heat exchanger can only be realized through laminated manufacturing technology. For example, there are two coupling bodies separated by a structural wall in the Gyroid heat exchanger. The two cross structures can be designed into a heat exchanger by closing the unnecessary holes. These complex heat exchanger structures can currently be achieved by laminated manufacturing methods.
本創作發明為一種新的TPMS熱交換器設計如圖1所示,這一種三維週期性最小曲面(TPMS)結構包含一熱流體的進口與一熱流體的出口及一冷流體的進口與一冷流體的出口,此二個流體在此熱交換器內部分之TPMS結構恰好成為不同的流道互相呈3D交錯而又各自獨立不互相混合,因此具備了熱交換器只藉由管壁達到熱傳遞的條件。由於流體接觸面 積、熱傳係數及溫度差(Temperature Difference)為熱交換器率最重要的因素。以下為描述一流體對流熱傳現象之統御方程式(1):q=h c .A.ΔT (1) This invention is a new TPMS heat exchanger design as shown in Figure 1. This three-dimensional periodic minimum surface (TPMS) structure includes an inlet and an outlet for hot fluid and an inlet and an outlet for cold fluid. The two fluids in the TPMS structure inside the heat exchanger just become different flow channels that are 3D intertwined with each other but are independent and do not mix with each other. Therefore, the heat exchanger has the conditions to achieve heat transfer only through the tube wall. Since the fluid contact area, heat transfer coefficient and temperature difference are the most important factors in the heat exchange rate. The following is the governing equation (1) that describes the convective heat transfer phenomenon of a fluid: q = h c . A. ΔT (1)
其中,q為單位時間熱傳量(W/hr);A為熱傳表面積(m 2 ),ΔT為熱傳表面與流體之溫度差(℃);h c 為對流熱傳係數(W/m 2 ℃)。 Where q is the heat transfer per unit time (W/hr) ; A is the heat transfer surface area ( m2 ) ; ΔT is the temperature difference between the heat transfer surface and the fluid (℃) ; hc is the convection heat transfer coefficient ( W/m2 ℃ ).
由以上對流熱傳量之計算,來估計一個約略相同體積的熱交換器,本創作之新型TPMS熱交換器在對表面積之增加約2-3倍,而熱傳係數以紊流(Turbulent flow)流場取代層流(Laminar flow)流場約略可增加2-3倍,加上厚度可以減小之減少熱阻等效益,故新創作之熱交換器將有5-10倍左右的熱傳增益或效率增加。 Based on the calculation of convective heat transfer above, it is estimated that for a heat exchanger of approximately the same volume, the surface area of the new TPMS heat exchanger created by this invention is increased by about 2-3 times, and the heat transfer coefficient can be increased by about 2-3 times by replacing the laminar flow field with the turbulent flow field. In addition, the thickness can be reduced to reduce thermal resistance, so the newly created heat exchanger will have a heat transfer gain or efficiency increase of about 5-10 times.
本發明強調基於TPMS結構可由兩個流體管路之特徵直徑(Characteristic Diameter,d c ),藉由其特徵直徑之調整 相同( d C1 =d C2 )或不同 (d C1 ≠ d C2 ),可以調整二個流體之相對空間大小,即熱交換器效率可更為提高;一般TPMS在相同直徑下可比板式熱交換器增加了表面體積比2-3倍以上,並且由於其結構特性佳,可以設計相對更薄的管壁厚度,材料重量最小化,強度重量比高,因此對於熱交換器之效率有非常顯著提高。 The present invention emphasizes that the TPMS structure can be based on the characteristic diameter (Characteristic Diameter, d C ) of the two fluid pipelines. By adjusting the characteristic diameters to be the same ( d C1 = d C2 ) or different ( d C1 ≠ d C2 ), the relative spatial size of the two fluids can be adjusted, that is, the efficiency of the heat exchanger can be further improved; generally, TPMS can increase the surface area ratio by more than 2-3 times compared with the plate heat exchanger under the same diameter, and due to its good structural characteristics, a relatively thinner tube wall thickness can be designed, the material weight is minimized, and the strength-to-weight ratio is high, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of the heat exchanger.
由於先天結構強化特性可承受的壓力(在相同溫度下)遠高於傳統熱交換器,而又可以維持低重量及更小的體積。熱交換器可根據設計要求定義不同的外殼採用不同的TPMS結構。在所有TPMS結構中,有5種TPMS結構可用於熱交換器,分別是Gyroid、Schwarz Primitive、Diamond、Lidinoid和SplitP。 Due to the inherent structural reinforcement characteristics, the pressure that can be borne (at the same temperature) is much higher than that of traditional heat exchangers, while maintaining low weight and smaller volume. The heat exchanger can define different shells and adopt different TPMS structures according to design requirements. Among all TPMS structures, there are 5 TPMS structures that can be used for heat exchangers, namely Gyroid, Schwarz Primitive, Diamond, Lidinoid and SplitP.
100 :熱交換器主體(Main body of heat exchanger) 100 : Main body of heat exchanger
101 :熱流入口接頭(Inlet connector of hot fluid) 101 : Inlet connector of hot fluid
102 :熱流出口接頭(Exit connector of hot fluid) 102 : Exit connector of hot fluid
103 :冷流入口接頭(Inlet connector of cold fluid) 103 : Inlet connector of cold fluid
104 :冷流出口接頭(Exit connector of cold fluid) 104 : Exit connector of cold fluid
105 :熱流入口緩衝室(Inlet chamber of hot fluid) 105 : Inlet chamber of hot fluid
106 :熱流出口緩衝室(Exit chamber of hot fluid) 106 : Exit chamber of hot fluid
107 :冷流入口緩衝室(Inlet chamber of cold fluid) 107 : Inlet chamber of cold fluid
108 :冷流出口緩衝室(Exit chamber of cold fluid) 108 : Exit chamber of cold fluid
110 :Gyroid結構(Gyroid structur) 110 : Gyroid structure
111 :熱流道入口通道(Inlet passages of hot fluid channel) 111 : Inlet passages of hot fluid channel
112 :熱流道出口通道(Exit passages of hot fluid channel) 112 : Exit passages of hot fluid channel
113 :冷流道入口通道(Inlet passages of cold fluid channel) 113 : Inlet passages of cold fluid channel
114 :冷流道出口通道(Exit passages of hot fluid channel) 114 : Exit passages of hot fluid channel
120 :通道孔特徵直徑(Characteristic Diameter) 120 : Characteristic Diameter of Channel Hole
201 :熱流體方向入口孔洞之堵孔板(Blockage plate in hot flow inlet) 201 : Blockage plate in hot flow inlet
202 :熱流體方向出口孔洞之堵孔板(Blockage plate in hot flow exit) 202 : Blockage plate in hot flow exit
203 :冷流體方向入口孔洞之堵孔板(Blockage plate in cold flow inlet) 203 : Blockage plate in cold flow inlet
204 :冷流體方向出口孔洞之堵孔板(Blockage plate in cold flow exit) 204 : Blockage plate in cold flow exit
300 :圓錐型連接管(Cone connector) 300 : Cone connector
301 :圓管型連接管(Pipe connector) 301 : Pipe connector
302 :圓型轉接到矩型連接管(Cone transition to rectangle connector) 302 : Cone transition to rectangle connector
圖1.係Gyroid(三維最小曲面結構之一種型式)熱交換器設計之剖面示意圖。 Figure 1. is a cross-sectional diagram of a Gyroid (a type of three-dimensional minimal surface structure) heat exchanger design.
圖2(a).係表示Gyroid結構二個通道孔特徵直徑相同之截面,圖2(b)為Gyroid結構二個通道孔特徵直徑不同之截面。 Figure 2(a) shows the cross section of the Gyroid structure with two channel holes of the same characteristic diameter, and Figure 2(b) shows the cross section of the Gyroid structure with two channel holes of different characteristic diameters.
圖3(a).係表示如同一般管殼式(Shell and Tube)熱交換器,其熱流體進入熱交換器可以是相反方向(Counter Flow),,或相同方向(Parallel Flow)如圖3(b)所示。 Figure 3(a) shows that, like a general shell and tube heat exchanger, the heat fluid can enter the heat exchanger in opposite directions (Counter Flow) or in the same direction (Parallel Flow) as shown in Figure 3(b).
圖4.係可用於熱交換器TPMS結構之一 Gyroid結構。 Figure 4. A Gyroid structure that can be used in a heat exchanger TPMS structure.
圖5.係可用於熱交換器TPMS結構之二 Schwarz Primitive結構。 Figure 5. The second Schwarz Primitive structure that can be used for heat exchanger TPMS structure.
圖6.係可用於熱交換器TPMS結構之三 Diamond結構。 Figure 6. A triple diamond structure that can be used in a heat exchanger TPMS structure.
圖7.係可用於熱交換器TPMS結構之四 Lidinoid結構。 Figure 7. A four-lidinoid structure that can be used in a heat exchanger TPMS structure.
圖8.係可用於熱交換器TPMS結構之五 SplitP結構。 Figure 8. This is the fifth SplitP structure that can be used in the heat exchanger TPMS structure.
圖9(a).係熱交換器TPMS結構之一 Gyroid有兩個由結構壁隔開的偶合體。圖9(b),關閉熱流體方向孔洞之堵孔板 201,202,及關閉冷流體方向孔洞之堵孔板 203,204 。 Figure 9(a) shows one of the heat exchanger TPMS structures. Gyroid has two coupling bodies separated by a structural wall. Figure 9(b) shows the orifice plugging plates 201, 202 that close the holes in the hot fluid direction, and the orifice plugging plates 203, 204 that close the holes in the cold fluid direction.
圖10.係具有方形設計之TPMS應用於熱交換器的剖面等角視圖,TPMS結構體(Gyroid)最小曲面結構熱交換器。 Figure 10. is a cross-sectional isometric view of a square-shaped TPMS applied to a heat exchanger, and a TPMS structure (Gyroid) heat exchanger with the smallest curved surface.
圖11.係TPMS結構體(Gyroid)熱交換器由兩個不同通道孔特徵直徑的等角視圖,具有方形設計結構體(Gyroid)最小曲面結構熱交換器。 Figure 11. An isometric view of a TPMS Gyroid heat exchanger with two different channel hole characteristic diameters, and a square design Gyroid minimum surface structure heat exchanger.
圖12(a).係圓柱形結構體(Gyroid)最小曲面結構熱交換器的等角視圖,和兩種不同孔洞尺寸的圓柱形結構體(Gyroid)熱交換器上視圖如圖12(b)。 Figure 12(a) is an isometric view of a cylindrical structure (Gyroid) minimum surface structure heat exchanger, and the top view of two cylindrical structure (Gyroid) heat exchangers with different hole sizes is shown in Figure 12(b).
參考圖1,為Gyroid熱交換器設計之剖面示意圖,Gyroid最小曲面結構熱交換器的設計與傳統熱交換器的外部幾何形狀相似,但內部結構不同,其中主要熱交換器構造改變為創新TPMS結構體。熱交換器主體 100 為一個內部具一個Gyroid的結構體 110 ,此熱交換器主體結構有二個入口及二個出口通道,分別為熱流體入口接頭 101 、熱流體出口接頭 102 、冷流體入口接頭 103 和冷流體出口接頭 104 ,TPMS結構體(Gyroid)二個流體孔徑基本上是相同的。在熱交換器的操作上是由熱流體的入口接頭 101 進入的流體先抵達一個緩衝室 105 ,經由TPMS結構中之熱流入口流道 111 ,在此TPMS結構之毗鄰冷流入口流道 112 透過管壁作熱交換後,再依對角方向流入熱流體出口穩流室 106 ,最後由熱流體出口接頭 102 流出熱交換器;冷流體以類似的流動方式,由冷流體的入口接頭 103 進入的流體先抵達一個緩衝室 107 ,經由TPMS結構中之冷流入口流道 112 ,在此TPMS結構之毗鄰熱流入口流道 111 透過管壁作熱交換後,再依對角方向流入冷流體出口穩流室 108 ,最後由冷流體出口接頭 104 流出熱交換器;此二個流體在此熱交換器內部分之TPMS結構恰好成為不同的流道互相呈3D交錯而又各自獨立不互相混合,因此可構成熱交換器只藉由管壁達到熱傳遞的條件。 Referring to FIG. 1, a cross-sectional diagram of the Gyroid heat exchanger design is shown. The design of the Gyroid minimum surface structure heat exchanger is similar to the external geometric shape of the traditional heat exchanger, but the internal structure is different, wherein the main heat exchanger structure is changed to an innovative TPMS structure. The heat exchanger body 100 is a structure 110 with a Gyroid inside. The heat exchanger body structure has two inlets and two outlet channels, namely, a hot fluid inlet connector 101 , a hot fluid outlet connector 102 , a cold fluid inlet connector 103 , and a cold fluid outlet connector 104. The two fluid apertures of the TPMS structure (Gyroid) are basically the same. In the operation of the heat exchanger, the fluid entering from the hot fluid inlet connector 101 first reaches a buffer chamber 105 , passes through the hot flow inlet channel 111 in the TPMS structure, and then flows into the hot fluid outlet steady flow chamber 106 in a diagonal direction after heat exchange in the adjacent cold flow inlet channel 112 of the TPMS structure, and finally flows out of the heat exchanger from the hot fluid outlet connector 102 ; the cold fluid flows in a similar manner, the fluid entering from the cold fluid inlet connector 103 first reaches a buffer chamber 107 , passes through the cold flow inlet channel 112 in the TPMS structure, and then flows into the cold fluid outlet steady flow chamber 108 in a diagonal direction after heat exchange in the adjacent hot flow inlet channel 111 of the TPMS structure. , and finally flows out of the heat exchanger from the cold fluid outlet connector 104 ; the TPMS structure of these two fluids in the heat exchanger just becomes different flow channels that are 3D intertwined with each other but are independent and do not mix with each other, so that the heat exchanger can achieve heat transfer only through the pipe wall.
參考圖2,本創作發明之另一特色乃Gyroid結構可以依據實際散熱的需要,在工程設計時去調整二個獨立流道的面積大小,其面積大小可由形成Gyroid結構二個通道孔特徵直徑(Characteristic Diameter)120 dC1, dC2來決定,當d C1 =d C2 時,如圖2(a),二個獨立流道的截面積大小都相同;當d C1 ≠d C2 時,如圖2(b),如此可以形成二個獨立,但不同大小的流道空間,有利於不同流量大小之需求或不同流體之需要(如分別液體及氣體流道)。兩相有效熱交換器可採用不同尺寸的兩種混合體積,由圖中亦清楚看見其中一個流道配合大特徵直徑d C1 而擁有較大的流道空間,反之,另一個流道配合小特徵直徑d C2 而擁有較小的流道空間。 Referring to FIG. 2 , another feature of the present invention is that the Gyroid structure can adjust the area size of the two independent flow channels during engineering design according to the actual need for heat dissipation. The area size can be determined by the characteristic diameter (Characteristic Diameter) 120 d C1 and d C2 of the two channel holes of the Gyroid structure. When d C1 = d C2 , as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the cross-sectional area size of the two independent flow channels is the same; when d C1 ≠ d C2 , as shown in FIG. 2 (b), two independent but different-sized flow channel spaces can be formed, which is beneficial to the needs of different flow sizes or different fluids (such as separate liquid and gas flow channels). The two-phase efficient heat exchanger can adopt two mixed volumes of different sizes. It can be clearly seen from the figure that one of the flow channels has a larger flow channel space with a large characteristic diameter d C1 , while the other flow channel has a smaller flow channel space with a small characteristic diameter d C2 .
如圖9(a),TPMS結構熱交換器有兩個隔開的偶合(coupling)體,即兩個偶合的結構體可以用於熱交換器結構,但需要關閉不需要的孔洞;關閉熱流體方向孔洞之堵孔板 201,202 ,以及關閉冷流體方向孔洞之堵孔板 203,204 ;此關閉的四個面的堵孔板,使得在熱交換器設計可以導流熱流體與冷流體的流動,但又不使它們在內部產生互相混合,完全隔離的流路,僅能由相鄰壁面發生傳熱遞的現象,此即上述構成熱交換器的必要條件。 As shown in FIG9(a), the TPMS structure heat exchanger has two separated coupling bodies, that is, two coupling structures can be used for the heat exchanger structure, but the unnecessary holes need to be closed; the plugging plates 201, 202 that close the holes in the direction of the hot fluid, and the plugging plates 203, 204 that close the holes in the direction of the cold fluid; the plugging plates on the four closed sides allow the heat exchanger design to guide the flow of the hot fluid and the cold fluid, but do not allow them to mix with each other inside, and the completely isolated flow path can only cause heat transfer from the adjacent wall surface. This is the necessary condition for the above-mentioned heat exchanger.
圖10是TPMS熱交換器的等角剖面視圖,具有方形設計之結構體(Gyroid)最小曲面結構熱交換器,類似圖9(a)TPMS結構體(Gyroid)二個流體通道孔直徑基本上是相同的,本實施例相同裝置於熱交換器本體殼內,但對角流體流動中的 兩個不同通道孔特徵直徑( d C1 ≠ d C2 ) ,其剖面形狀如圖2(b)所示,以及二端不同形狀之矩型錐轉接圓型管 300 。其二對連接圓管 301 可連接熱流體之入口及出口與冷流體之入口及出口。 FIG. 10 is an isometric cross-sectional view of a TPMS heat exchanger, which has a square-designed structure (Gyroid) minimum curved surface structure heat exchanger, similar to FIG. 9 (a). The diameters of the two fluid channel holes of the TPMS structure (Gyroid) are basically the same. The same device is installed in the heat exchanger body shell in this embodiment, but the two different channel hole characteristic diameters ( d C1 ≠ d C2 ) in the diagonal fluid flow, and its cross-sectional shape is shown in FIG. 2 (b), and the rectangular cone transition circular tube 300 with different shapes at both ends. The two pairs of connecting circular tubes 301 can connect the inlet and outlet of the hot fluid and the inlet and outlet of the cold fluid.
圖11是TPMS結構體(Gyroid)熱交換器的等角剖面視圖,其 外觀具有方形設計熱交換器本體外殼 ,內部相同為結構體(Gyroid)最小曲面結構熱交換器,類似圖10,裝置於熱交換器本體殼內,提供對角流體流動中的 兩個不同通道孔特徵直徑( d C1 ≠ d C2 ) ,其剖面形狀如圖2(b)所示,其二對連接圓管 301 可連接熱流體之入口及出口與冷流體之入口及出口。 FIG. 11 is an isometric cross-sectional view of a TPMS gyroid heat exchanger, which has a square heat exchanger body shell , and the interior is also a gyroid minimum curved surface heat exchanger, similar to FIG. 10 , installed in the heat exchanger body shell, providing two different channel hole characteristic diameters ( d C1 ≠ d C2 ) in the diagonal fluid flow, and its cross-sectional shape is shown in FIG. 2( b ), and its two pairs of connecting circular tubes 301 can connect the inlet and outlet of the hot fluid with the inlet and outlet of the cold fluid.
圖12是具有二端不同形狀之圓型管轉接到矩型管 302 和圓管形進出口設計轉接到矩型管 300 之圓柱形結構體(Gyroid)最小曲面結構熱交換器,如圖12(a)的等角視圖,內部為具有兩種不同孔洞尺寸的圓柱形結構體(Gyroid)熱交換器上視圖,如圖12(b)。本實施例進一步展示基於3D列印之設計方法,其中熱流通道與冷流通道不在同一平面上,而成交叉90度之設計,而具其中一個流道也可以進一步由二個交叉90度之設計,此為配合特殊需要角度,可達成高度彈性化立體進出口方位之設計結構,有助於空間的調配以增加角落空間的充份使用。 FIG12 is a cylindrical structure (Gyroid) minimum curved surface structure heat exchanger with a circular tube with different shapes at both ends transferred to a rectangular tube 302 and a circular tube-shaped inlet and outlet design transferred to a rectangular tube 300 , as shown in the isometric view of FIG12(a), and the cylindrical structure (Gyroid) heat exchanger with two different hole sizes inside is shown in the top view of FIG12(b). This embodiment further demonstrates a design method based on 3D printing, wherein the hot flow channel and the cold flow channel are not on the same plane, but are designed to cross 90 degrees, and one of the flow channels can also be further designed by two cross 90 degrees, which is to meet the special required angles and can achieve a highly flexible three-dimensional inlet and outlet orientation design structure, which helps to allocate space to increase the full use of corner space.
100:熱交換器主體(Main body of heat exchanger) 100: Main body of heat exchanger
101:熱流入口接頭(Inlet connector of hot fluid) 101: Inlet connector of hot fluid
102:熱流出口接頭(Exit connector of hot fluid) 102: Exit connector of hot fluid
103:冷流入口接頭(Inlet connector of cold fluid) 103: Inlet connector of cold fluid
104:冷流出口接頭(Exit connector of cold fluid) 104: Exit connector of cold fluid
105:熱流入口緩衝室(Inlet chamber of hot fluid) 105: Inlet chamber of hot fluid
106:熱流出口緩衝室(Exit chamber of hot fluid) 106: Exit chamber of hot fluid
107:冷流入口緩衝室(Inlet chamber of cold fluid) 107: Inlet chamber of cold fluid
108:冷流出口緩衝室(Exit chamber of cold fluid) 108: Exit chamber of cold fluid
110:Gyroid的結構體(Gyroid structure) 110: Gyroid structure
111:熱流道入口通道(Inlet passages of hot fluid channel) 111: Inlet passages of hot fluid channel
112:熱流道出口通道(Exit passages of hot fluid channel) 112: Exit passages of hot fluid channel
113:冷流道入口通道(Inlet passages of cold fluid channel) 113: Inlet passages of cold fluid channel
114:冷流道入口通道(Exit passages of hot fluid channel) 114: Exit passages of hot fluid channel
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US20220003503A1 (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2022-01-06 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Systems and methods for periodic nodal surface based reactors, distributors, contactors and heat exchangers |
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US20200033070A1 (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | Andreas Vlahinos | Minimal surface heat exchanger |
US20220003503A1 (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2022-01-06 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Systems and methods for periodic nodal surface based reactors, distributors, contactors and heat exchangers |
CN111496257A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-07 | 华中科技大学 | Metal extremely-small curved surface gradient porous heat dissipation element and additive manufacturing method thereof |
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