TWI835133B - Antenna structure and wireless communication device - Google Patents

Abstract

An antenna structure is provided, which includes a substrate, a ground plane, a multi-branch circuit, and multiple antenna elements. The substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The ground layer is disposed between the first surface and the second surface. The multi-branch circuit is arranged on the first surface, where the multi-branch circuit includes a signal feeding terminal and multiple signal output terminals, where multiple feeding branches are formed between the signal feeding terminal and the multiple signal output terminals. And the multiple antenna elements are disposed on the second surface, where the multiple antenna elements are connected to multiple signal output terminals through respective vias, and are used for beamforming, where a length difference between path lengths of the feeding branches of two adjacent antenna elements in a horizontal direction is used to control a beam angle of the multiple antenna elements.

Description

Antenna structures and wireless communication devices

The present invention relates to fifth generation new radio (5G new radio, 5G NR) technology, and in particular to an antenna structure and a wireless communication device.

In the fifth generation new radio (5G new radio, 5G NR) millimeter wave (mmWave) antenna array, beam forming method is often used in the antenna array to transmit various signals. However, when an antenna array with a large number of antenna units is installed in a small space and there are a large number of users, a large number of beams need to be transmitted in a small space, which often results in difficulty in controlling beam angles, inter-beam interference, and side effects. Beam interference, high power consumption and high cost issues.

The present disclosure provides an antenna structure, including a substrate, a ground layer, multiple branch circuits and multiple antenna units. The substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The ground layer is disposed between the first surface and the second surface. The multi-branch circuit is disposed on the first surface, wherein the multi-branch circuit includes a signal feed terminal and a plurality of signal output terminals, wherein a plurality of feed branches are formed between the signal feed terminal and the plurality of signal output terminals. And a plurality of antenna units are disposed on the second surface, wherein the plurality of antenna units are connected to a plurality of signal output terminals through respective through holes and used for beam forming, wherein two adjacent antenna units in multiple horizontal directions The length difference between the path lengths of the feed branches is used to control the beam angles of multiple antenna elements.

The present disclosure provides a wireless communication device including a plurality of antenna arrays, wherein each of the plurality of antenna arrays includes a substrate, a ground layer, a multi-branch circuit and a plurality of antenna units. The substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The ground layer is disposed between the first surface and the second surface. The multi-branch circuit is disposed on the first surface, wherein the multi-branch circuit includes a signal feed terminal and a plurality of signal output terminals, wherein a plurality of feed branches are formed between the signal feed terminal and the plurality of signal output terminals. And a plurality of antenna units are disposed on the second surface, wherein the plurality of antenna units are connected to a plurality of signal output terminals through respective through holes and used for beam forming, wherein two adjacent antenna units in multiple horizontal directions The length difference between the path lengths of the feed branches is used to control the beam angles of multiple antenna elements.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, Figure 1 is a top perspective view of the wireless communication device 100 of the present disclosure, Figure 2 is a side perspective view of the wireless communication device 100 of the present disclosure, and Figure 2 is a perspective view along the 1 is a side perspective view of the wireless communication device 100 along the line segment from end point A to end point A. In this embodiment, the wireless communication device 100 includes a substrate S, a ground layer G, a multi-branch circuit CCT and a plurality of antenna units ANT.

It is worth noting that although this embodiment adopts a setting method in which the number of multiple antenna units ANT is 16 and the number of columns of multiple antenna units ANT is 8, in order to achieve a beam width (Beamwidth) of 11 degrees and a main beam ( The antenna gain of Main Beam needs to be greater than or equal to 15dB. However, the number of multiple antenna units ANT and the number of each column can also be adjusted according to other beam width and antenna gain requirements.

Furthermore, the substrate S includes a first surface S1 and a second surface S2 corresponding to each other. The ground layer G is disposed between the first surface S1 and the second surface S2. In some embodiments, the substrate S may be a printed circuit board (PCB) made of an insulating material, where the material of the substrate S may be Teflon (PTFE) or epoxy resin (FR4). and other materials commonly used to manufacture PCBs. In some embodiments, the ground layer G may be made of metal materials such as copper foil.

Furthermore, the multi-branch circuit CCT is disposed on the first surface S1, wherein the multi-branch circuit CCT includes a signal feed terminal and a plurality of signal output terminals, wherein a plurality of feed branches are formed between the signal feed terminal and the plurality of signal output terminals. . In some embodiments, the multi-branch circuit has multiple shunt nodes at multiple levels to form multiple feed branches between the signal feed terminals and the signal output terminals.

In some embodiments, the multiple branch nodes may be multiple unequal Wilkinson power dividers. The multiple unequal Wilkinson power dividers (Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider) are used to improve the isolation between multiple antenna units ANT. Degree (Isolation) to control the antenna gain of multiple antenna units ANT, thereby reducing side beam (Sidelobe) interference. In some embodiments, multiple unequal Wilkinson power dividers are further used to control the antenna gains of multiple antenna units ANT by controlling multiple power ratios between multiple antenna units ANT.

Furthermore, a plurality of antenna units ANT are disposed on the second surface S2, wherein the plurality of antenna units ANT are connected to a plurality of signal output terminals through respective through holes VIA, and are used for beamforming. In some embodiments, the feed point FP of each antenna unit ANT can be connected to the corresponding signal output terminal through the corresponding through hole VIA.

Furthermore, the length difference between the path lengths of the feed branches of two adjacent antenna units ANT in the horizontal direction (ie, +x direction) is used to control the beam angle (Beam Angle) of multiple antenna units ANT. θ (that is, the angle between the directions of the beams generated by the plurality of antenna units ANT and the normal direction of the second surface S2). In some embodiments, the antenna unit ANT may be a patch antenna or other antenna applicable to an antenna array. In other words, multiple antenna units ANT may form one or more antenna arrays, where the antenna array may be a patch antenna array.

In some embodiments, when each of the plurality of antenna units ANT is a vertically polarized patch antenna, the plurality of antenna units ANT are disposed on the second surface S2 in a vertical mirroring manner between columns. In addition, when each of the plurality of antenna units ANT is a horizontally polarized patch antenna, the plurality of antenna units ANT are disposed on the second surface S2 in a horizontal mirroring manner between rows.

In some embodiments, the phase difference between two adjacent antenna units ANT in the horizontal direction is proportional to the length difference. In some embodiments, the beam angle θ of the plurality of antenna elements ANT is proportional to the length difference. In some embodiments, the antenna distance d between the geometric center positions of two adjacent antenna units ANT in the horizontal direction is one-half wavelength of the center frequency of the resonant frequency band of the plurality of antenna units ANT.

With the wireless communication device 100 of the present disclosure, the path length of the feed branch in the multi-branch circuit CCT can be used to adjust the beam direction of the wireless communication device 100 . In addition, since the wireless communication device 100 uses a large number of antenna units, the beam width of the main beam can also be greatly reduced to solve the inter-beam interference caused by the need to use multiple beams in a small space.

The wireless communication device 100 is further described below with a practical example.

Referring also to FIG. 3 , which is a schematic diagram of a part of a multi-branch circuit CCT according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein a part of the multi-branch circuit CCT is the multi-branch circuit CCT in FIG. 1 the top half. As shown in Figure 3, part of the multi-branch circuit CCT includes a signal feed terminal IN and 8 signal output terminals OUT1~OUT8, and there are 3 signal feed terminals IN and signal output terminals OUT1~OUT8 between them. The seven shunt nodes ND1~ND7 of levels ST1~ST3 form multiple feed branches.

Furthermore, the first feed branch can be formed from the signal feed terminal IN through the branch nodes ND1, ND2 and ND4 to the signal output terminal OUT1 in sequence. The second feed branch can be formed from the signal feed terminal IN through the branch nodes ND1, ND2 and ND4 to the signal output terminal OUT2 in sequence. By analogy, the third to eighth feed branches can be formed between the signal feed terminal IN and the signal output terminals OUT3~OUT8.

On the other hand, for level ST1, the length difference between the path length of the first feed branch and the path length of the second feed branch is ΔL, and the path length of the second feed branch is different from the path length of the third feed branch. The length difference between the path lengths of the feed branches is also ΔL. By analogy, the length difference between the path lengths of two adjacent feed branches is also ΔL. In other words, the path lengths of the 1st to 8th feed branches can form an arithmetic sequence.

For example, for level ST1, a length difference can be calculated from the path length from the shunt node ND4 to the signal output terminal OUT1 and the path length from the shunt node ND4 to the signal output terminal OUT2, where the length difference is ΔL. In addition, a length difference can be calculated from the path length from the shunt node ND5 to the signal output terminal OUT3 and the path length from the shunt node ND5 to the signal output terminal OUT4, where the length difference is also ΔL. By analogy, the length difference corresponding to the output terminal OUT5 and the output terminal OUT6 and the length difference corresponding to the output terminal OUT7 and the output terminal OUT8 are also ΔL.

Furthermore, for level ST2, the path length from the signal feeding end IN to the branching node ND4 via the branching nodes ND1 and ND2 in sequence is the same as the path length from the signal feeding end IN to the branching node via the branching nodes ND1 and ND2 in sequence. The length difference between the path lengths of ND5 is twice ΔL, and the path length from the signal feed terminal IN to the branch node ND5 via the branch nodes ND1 and ND2 in sequence is the same as the path length from the signal feed terminal IN through the branch nodes in sequence. The length difference between the path lengths from the road nodes ND1 and ND3 to the branch node ND6 is also twice ΔL. By analogy, in level ST2, the length differences between the path lengths of other adjacent paths are also twice ΔL (also forming an arithmetic sequence).

For example, for level ST2, a length difference can be calculated from the path length from shunt node ND2 to shunt node ND4 and the path length from shunt node ND2 to shunt node ND5, where the length difference is twice ΔL. In addition, a length difference can be calculated from the path length from the branch node ND3 to the branch node ND6 and the path length from the branch node ND3 to the branch node ND7, where the length difference is also twice ΔL.

Furthermore, for level ST3, the length difference between the path length from the signal feeding end IN to the node ND2 via the branching node ND1 and the path length from the signal feeding end IN to the branching node ND3 via the branching node ND1 is: Four times ΔL.

For example, for level ST3, a length difference can be calculated from the path length from shunt node ND1 to shunt node ND2 and the path length from shunt node ND1 to shunt node ND3, where the length difference is four times ΔL.

In this way, the value ΔL of the length difference corresponding to the level ST1 can be used to adjust the beam angle θ of the plurality of antenna units ANT according to the requirements of the antenna design.

It is worth noting that the phases of the output signals of the signal output terminals OUT1~OUT8 can form another arithmetic sequence. In addition, the phase difference between two adjacent signal output terminals is proportional to the above-mentioned length difference.

Through the above arrangement, the relationship between the beam angle θ of the plurality of antenna units ANT, the antenna distance d, and the above-mentioned value ΔL of the length difference corresponding to the layer ST1 is as shown in the following formula (1). ......Formula 1)

It can be known from formula (1) that when a larger beam angle θ is required, the length of the line in the multi-branch circuit CCT can be adjusted to produce a larger length difference value ΔL. On the contrary, when a smaller beam angle θ is required, the length of the lines in the multi-branch circuit CCT can be adjusted to produce a smaller length difference value ΔL. In other words, the value ΔL of the length difference (can be any positive number) can be selected according to the needs, and the beam angle of the wireless communication device 100 can be adjusted by using the value ΔL of the length difference. There is no special restriction on ΔL.

Referring also to FIG. 4 , FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-branch circuit CCT' with unequal Wilkinson power dividers according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, each branch node in the multi-branch circuit CCT in Figure 3 can use unequal Wilkinson power dividers to form a circuit structure of a multi-branch circuit CCT' with unequal Wilkinson power dividers. To improve the isolation between the two output terminals of the unequal Wilkinson power divider, thereby adjusting the power difference between the two output terminals. It is worth noting that the relationship between the path lengths in levels ST1 to ST3 in the multi-branch circuit CCT' is the same as that in the multi-branch circuit CCT. Therefore, it will not be described further here.

In order to set the power difference between the side beam and the main beam to be greater than or equal to 18dB, the signal output terminal OUT1 in the multi-branch circuit CCT' can be used as a reference, and the power of the signal output terminals OUT1~OUT8 in the multi-branch circuit CCT' can be set As shown in the following table (1). Table 1) Signal output OUT1 OUT2 OUT3 OUT4 OUT5 OUT6 OUT7 OUT8 Power(dB) 0.34 0.44 0.77 1.00 1.00 0.77 0.44 0.34

It can be seen from Table (1) that there is a specific power ratio between the signal output terminals OUT1~OUT8. Thereby, the power difference between the two output terminals of the unequal Wilkinson power divider in the multi-branch circuit CCT' can be adjusted according to these power ratios.

Furthermore, based on the above table (1), by using an unequal Wilkinson power divider, the power difference between the two output terminals of the shunt node ND4 can be adjusted to 1.12dB, and the two outputs of the shunt node ND5 can be adjusted to 1.12dB. The power difference between the two output terminals of the branch node ND2 can be adjusted to 1.16dB, the power difference between the two output terminals of the branch node ND2 can be adjusted to 3.59dB, and the power difference between the two output terminals of the branch node ND1 can be adjusted to 1.16dB. is adjusted to 0dB. By analogy, the power difference between the two output terminals of the shunt nodes ND7, ND6 and ND3 can be adjusted in the same way.

Through the above arrangement, the power difference between the main beam and the side beam of multiple antenna units ANT can be increased to more than 18dB to control the antenna gain of multiple antenna units ANT to more than 15dB, thereby reducing side beam interference.

Referring also to FIG. 5 , FIG. 5 is a top perspective view of a wireless communication device 100 according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 5, the multi-branch circuit CCT' (corresponding to the antenna unit ANT in the first column) in the upper half of the wireless communication device 100 in Figure 5 is the multi-branch circuit CCT' shown in Figure 4, and The difference between Figure 5 and Figure 1 only lies in the shunt nodes ND1~ND7 in the multi-branch circuit CCT, so other similarities will not be described again.

Referring also to FIG. 6 , FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication device 100 for vertical polarization according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6, the antenna units ANT in the 1st to 2nd columns are antenna arrays with a vertically polarized beam angle of -5 degrees, and the antenna units ANT in the 3rd to 4th columns are vertically polarized beams. Antenna array with an angle of -16 degrees, the antenna elements ANT in columns 5 to 6 are vertically polarized Antenna array with a beam angle of 5 degrees, and antenna elements ANT in columns 7 to 8 are vertically polarized The antenna array has a beam angle of 16 degrees.

In addition, based on the antenna units ANT in the first column, the antenna units ANT in the second column can be arranged in a vertical mirroring manner between columns. In other words, the feed point FP of the antenna unit ANT in the first column is close to the upper edge of the antenna unit ANT in the first column, and the feed point FP of the antenna unit ANT in the second column is close to the upper edge of the antenna unit ANT in the second column. lower edge. By analogy, each antenna array can have the same arrangement.

Referring also to FIG. 7 , FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication device 100 for horizontal polarization according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 7, the antenna units ANT in the 1st to 2nd columns are antenna arrays with a horizontally polarized beam angle of -5 degrees, and the antenna units ANT in the 3rd to 4th columns are horizontally polarized beams. Antenna array with an angle of -16 degrees, the antenna elements ANT in columns 5 to 6 are horizontally polarized Antenna array with a beam angle of 5 degrees, and antenna elements ANT in columns 7 to 8 are horizontally polarized The antenna array has a beam angle of 16 degrees.

In addition, based on the antenna units ANT in the 1st to 4th rows, the antenna units ANT in the 8th to 5th rows can be arranged in a horizontal mirroring manner between rows. In other words, the feed points FP of the antenna units ANT in the 1st to 4th rows are respectively close to the left side of the antenna units ANT in the 1st to 4th rows, and the feed points FP of the antenna units ANT in the 8th to 5th rows are respectively Point FP is close to the right side of the antenna elements ANT in rows 8 to 5 respectively. By analogy, each antenna array can have the same arrangement.

On the other hand, when the wireless communication device 100 needs to cover 45 degrees in the horizontal direction, there are 8 users, and the antenna gain needs to be greater than or equal to 15dB, the antenna arrays in Figure 6 and Figure 7 can be used at the same time, and each The multi-branch circuit in Figure 5 is used in the antenna array. Thereby, 4 beams can be generated in the horizontal and vertical polarization directions to generate 8 beams, where the beam width of each beam is approximately 11 degrees and the antenna gain of each antenna array is approximately 15dB. In addition, the cross polarization between the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization of the wireless communication device 100 will be greater than 25dB. In this way, narrow beam width, low side beam interference, low power consumption and low cost can be achieved at the same time.

Referring also to FIG. 8 , FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the antenna gain of the wireless communication device 100 for horizontal polarization according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, the curve CH1_HM1 is the antenna gain of the antenna units ANT in the 3rd to 4th columns in Figure 7, and the curve CH1_HM2 is the antenna gain of the antenna units ANT in the 5th to 6th columns in Figure 7. Antenna gain, curve CH2_HM1 is the antenna gain of the antenna elements ANT in the 1st to 2nd columns in Figure 7, and curve CH2_HM2 is the antenna gain of the antenna elements ANT in the 7th to 8th columns in Figure 7.

It can be seen from Figure 8 that the antenna gain of each antenna array is also about 15dB. The horizontally polarized beam directions of each antenna array are also -16 degrees, -5 degrees, 5 degrees and 16 degrees respectively, and the side beams are as well as The power difference between main beams is also greater than 18dB.

Referring also to FIG. 9 , FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the antenna gain of the vertically polarized wireless communication device 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 9, the curve CH1_VM1 is the antenna gain of the antenna units ANT in the 3rd to 4th columns in Figure 6, and the curve CH1_VM2 is the antenna gain of the antenna units ANT in the 5th to 6th columns in Figure 6. Antenna gain, the curve CH2_VM1 is the antenna gain of the antenna elements ANT in the 1st to 2nd columns in Figure 6, and the curve CH2_VM2 is the antenna gain of the antenna elements ANT in the 7th to 8th columns in Figure 6.

It can be seen from Figure 9 that the antenna gain of each antenna array is about 15dB. The vertically polarized beam directions of each antenna array are -16 degrees, -5 degrees, 5 degrees and 16 degrees respectively, and the side beams and main beams The power difference between them is greater than 18dB.

In summary, the wireless communication device of the present disclosure can utilize the length difference between the path lengths of the feed branches of two adjacent antenna units in the horizontal direction to control the beam angle of the antenna unit and use a large number of antenna units. Reduce beamwidth. In addition, the power ratio between the multiple branch nodes of the multi-branch circuit having multiple levels can be adjusted to control the antenna gain of the antenna unit, thereby reducing side beam interference. On the other hand, this setting also greatly reduces power consumption and cost.

Although the present disclosure has been disclosed through embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the technical field may make slight changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, The protection scope of this disclosure shall be determined by the appended patent application scope.

100: Wireless communication device CCT: multi-branch circuit G: Ground layer S: Substrate VIA: through hole ANT: Antenna unit θ: Beam angle S1: first surface S2: Second surface FP: feed point A: Endpoint ST1~ST3: Hierarchy OUT1~OUT8: signal output terminals ND1~ND7: branch nodes IN: signal feed end ΔL: The numerical value of the length difference corresponding to level ST1 CCT’: Multi-branch circuit with unequal Wilkinson power dividers CH1_HM1, CH1_HM2, CH2_HM1, CH2_HM2, CH1_VM1, CH1_VM2, CH2_VM1, CH2_VM2: Curve

Figure 1 is a top perspective view of the wireless communication device of the present disclosure. Figure 2 is a side perspective view of the wireless communication device of the present disclosure. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a multi-branch circuit in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-branch circuit with unequal Wilkinson power dividers according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 5 is a top perspective view of a wireless communication device according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication device for vertical polarization according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication device for horizontal polarization according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of antenna gain for a horizontally polarized wireless communication device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of antenna gain for a vertically polarized wireless communication device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

100: Wireless communication device CCT: multi-branch circuit G: Ground layer S: Substrate VIA: through hole ANT: Antenna unit θ: Beam angle S1: first surface S2: Second surface

Claims (15)

An antenna structure includes: a substrate including a first surface and a second surface; a ground layer disposed between the first surface and the second surface; a multi-branch circuit disposed on the first surface, wherein The multi-branch circuit includes a signal feed terminal and a plurality of signal output terminals, wherein a plurality of feed branches are formed between the signal feed terminal and the signal output terminals, and at least one feed branch is formed between the plurality of feed branches. a first level and a second level, wherein respective path lengths of the plurality of feed branches in the first level and the second level form an arithmetic sequence; and a plurality of antenna units disposed on the second surface, The antenna units are connected to the signal output terminals through respective through holes and are used for beam forming, wherein there is a length difference between the path lengths of the feed branches of two adjacent antenna units in a horizontal direction Used to control the beam angles of these antenna units. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-branch circuit has a plurality of shunt nodes to form the feed branches between the signal feed end and the signal output ends. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first layer is connected to the signal output terminals, two of the adjacent signal output terminals and the two adjacent signal output terminals in the first layer The path between end-connected shunt nodes is long The degree difference is equal to the length difference. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second level is connected to the first level, wherein the two adjacent branch nodes of the first level and the first level in the second level are The second-level path length difference between the shunt nodes connected by two adjacent shunt nodes is equal to twice the length difference. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 4 further includes a third layer connected between the second layer and the signal feed end, wherein two adjacent branch nodes of the second layer And the path length difference of the third layer between the shunt nodes connected to the two adjacent shunt nodes of the second layer in the third layer is twice the path length difference of the second layer. The antenna structure as described in claim 1, wherein the branch nodes are a plurality of unequal Wilkinson power dividers, and the unequal Wilkinson power dividers are used to improve the isolation between the antenna units to control the The antenna gain of these antenna units is increased, thereby reducing side beam interference. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the unequal Wilkinson power dividers are further used to control multiple power ratios between the antenna units to control the antenna gains of the antenna units. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein a phase difference between the two adjacent antenna units in the horizontal direction is proportional to the length difference. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beam angles of the antenna units are proportional to the length difference. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein an antenna distance between the geometric center positions of two adjacent antenna units in the horizontal direction is half of the center frequency of the resonant frequency band of these antenna units. twice the wavelength. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein when each of the antenna units is a vertically polarized patch antenna, the antenna units are arranged on the third in a vertical mirror manner between columns. two surfaces, and when each of the antenna units is a horizontally polarized patch antenna, the antenna units are arranged on the second surface in a horizontal mirroring manner between rows. The antenna structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is a first length difference between the respective path lengths of any two adjacent feed branches of the first layer, and the respective path lengths of any two adjacent feed branches of the second layer are path length There is a second length difference between them, wherein the second length difference is twice the first length difference. A wireless communication device includes: multiple antenna arrays, wherein each of the antenna arrays includes: a substrate including a first surface and a second surface; a ground layer disposed on the first surface and the second surface Between the surfaces; a multi-branch circuit is disposed on the first surface, wherein the multi-branch circuit includes a signal feed terminal and a plurality of signal output terminals, wherein a plurality of signal feed terminals are formed between the signal feed terminal and the signal output terminals. feed branches, and the feed branches form at least a first level and a second level, wherein the respective path lengths of the multiple feed branches in the first level and the second level form an equal a differential array; and a plurality of antenna units disposed on the second surface, wherein the antenna units are used to connect the signal output terminals through respective through holes and to perform beam forming, wherein adjacent ones in a horizontal direction A length difference between the path lengths of the feed branches of two antenna units is used to control the beam angles of the antenna units. The wireless communication device according to claim 13, wherein when each of the antenna arrays is a vertically polarized patch antenna array, for each of the antenna arrays, the antenna units are Vertical mirroring between columns is provided on the second surface, and when each of the antenna arrays is a horizontally polarized patch antenna array At this time, for each of the antenna arrays, the antenna units are arranged on the second surface in a horizontal mirroring manner between rows. The wireless communication device according to claim 13, wherein there is a first length difference between the path lengths of any two adjacent feed branches of the first layer, and each of the path lengths of any two adjacent feed branches of the second layer There is a second length difference between the path lengths, wherein the second length difference is twice the first length difference.

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