TWI828528B - Combination structure of plates - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite structure of boards, which mainly includes several orthogonal integrated boards with multiple different fiber radial directions, at least one insertion slot, several positioning holes, a joint, several fixing holes, and several fixing holes. component, wherein the orthogonal integrated plate has a first surface and a second surface, the insertion slot has a first wall and a second wall, and positioning holes are formed on each of the orthogonal integrated plates and pass through the first surface and the third surface. One wall, and the second wall, and the position of the fixing hole corresponds to the positioning hole, so that the fixing component can be disposed in the positioning hole and the fixing hole. Therefore, during assembly, only the connecting component only needs to be inserted into the slot. Inside, the fixings are placed in the positioning holes and fixing holes, so that rapid automated production can be achieved and the construction time can be controlled. In addition, there is no need to additionally calculate the number of fixings or the layout density during the construction process to achieve the advantage of rapid assembly. .

Description

Combination structure of plates

The invention relates to a panel structure that can be quickly automated to produce to make up for the problem of lack of work, and the construction time can be controlled. Furthermore, there is no need to additionally calculate the number of fixing parts or the layout density during the construction process.

According to the so-called Glued-laminated timber (GLT), it mainly integrates the concept of smooth construction of building brick walls. Its manufacturing method is to use smaller saw lumber or small angle timber, etc., making it The fiber directions (wood grain direction) are parallel to each other and are laminated and glued in the thickness, width and length directions. Its structural strength is more stable and stronger than logs, and its price is also more affordable.

The current production size of orthogonal integrated panels also has its limitations. Sometimes the distance between beams and columns is too large, which will make the integrated panels unable to be connected due to insufficient length. Hardware must be used to lock them. , to make the power transmission part as smooth as it should be, and at the same time, the number of hardware parts, layout density, etc. must be calculated to prevent insufficient load-bearing gravity and thus the construction time cannot be grasped. In addition, during the production process, due to the aforementioned hardware setting calculation problems or other construction environmental factors, rapid automated production of panels is impossible.

Therefore, how to solve the above conventional problems and deficiencies is the direction that the inventor of the present invention and related manufacturers engaged in this industry are eager to research and improve.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method that can be quickly automated to produce to make up for the problem of lack of work, and the construction time can be controlled, and there is no need to additionally calculate the number of fixing parts or the layout density during the construction process.

The main structure of the present invention that can achieve the above object includes a plurality of orthogonal integrated plates with multiple different fiber radial directions. Each orthogonal integrated plate has a first surface on one side and a first surface on the other side. It has a second surface, and each orthogonal integrated plate has a plug-in slot for receiving a joint on at least one side, the plug-in slot has a first wall on the inside, and a second wall on the other side, and The orthogonal integrated plate has several positioning holes, which pass through the first surface, the first wall, and the second wall, and the joint has several fixing holes corresponding to the positioning holes, and There are fixing parts in the positioning holes and fixing holes, so that when manufacturing, users only need to create certain types of orthogonal integrated panels, which can be applied to floors, walls, etc., with rapid automated production. And the assembly is very simple and fast, which can make up for the problem of missing work and control the construction time. In addition, through the cooperation of joints, orthogonal integrated plates and fixings, this case also has the advantage of high load-bearing gravity. In terms of assembly, the joint piece can be inserted into the insertion slot so that the joint piece contacts the first wall and the second wall. At the same time, the position of the fixing hole on the joint piece corresponds to the positioning hole, and then the fixing piece is inserted into the positioning hole. holes and fixing holes, the assembly is completed, so that the orthogonal integrated plate and the orthogonal integrated plate can be continued, so that the load-bearing gravity can be continued.

Through the above-mentioned technology, the problems existing in conventional boards such as insufficient length for splicing, inability to control the construction time, calculation of hardware settings, and inability to quickly automate the production of boards can be overcome to achieve the practical progress of the above-mentioned advantages of the present invention. sex.

1. 1a: Orthogonal integrated plate

11, 11a: Side 1

12:Second side

13, 13a: plug slot

131, 131a: first wall

132, 132a: Second wall

14, 14a: Positioning hole

141:Limited surface

2:Jointing parts

21, 21a: Fixing hole

22:Vertical joints

221:Vertical fixing hole

3. 3a: Fixing parts

31: Nut

32:Thread

4: Decorative parts

The first figure is a perspective view of an orthogonal integrated plate according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The second figure is a partial anatomical view of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The third figure is a partial action combination cross-sectional view of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The fourth figure is a partial action combination cross-sectional view 2 of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a partial action combination cross-sectional view 3 of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a partial action combination sectional view 4 of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the third preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the ninth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of the tenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of the eleventh preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the twelfth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of the thirteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the fourteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the fifteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the sixteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the seventeenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view of the eighteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Please refer to Figures 1 to 6, which are the perspective view of the orthogonal integrated plate and the partial action combination sectional view 4 of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figures that the present invention includes:

Several orthogonal integrated plates 1 with multiple different fiber radial directions. Each orthogonal integrated plate 1 has a first face 11 on one side and a second face 12 on the other side, and each orthogonal integrated plate 1 has at least There is a plug-in slot 13 on one side, a first wall 131 on the inside of the plug-in slot 13, and a second wall 132 on the other side;

Several positioning holes 14 are formed on each of the orthogonal integrated plates 1 and pass through the first surface 11, the first wall 131, and the second wall 132;

A joint member 2 received in the plug-in slot 13. The joint member 2 has a plurality of fixing holes 21 corresponding to the positioning holes 14; and

Several fixing members 3 are provided in the positioning holes 14 and the fixing holes 21 .

Among them, the joint member 2 of this embodiment is a steel plate as an example.

Among them, the fixing member 3 of this embodiment is a fixing bolt as an example.

When you want to use orthogonal integrated panels 1 between beams and columns as floor slabs or walls, you can first insert the joint 2 into the slot 13 as shown in the third figure, so that the upper and lower sides of the joint 2 The two sides are in contact with the first wall 131 and the second wall 132 respectively, and the fixing holes 21 are positioned corresponding to the positioning holes 14. Then, as shown in the fourth figure, use the fixing piece 3 from the first side 11 of the orthogonally integrated plate 1 , insert into the positioning hole 14 and pass through the first surface 11, the first wall 131, the fixing hole 21, and the second wall 132. At this time, in this embodiment, one end of the fixing member 3 will be flush with the first surface 11. More beautiful in appearance. After the above steps are completed, as shown in the fifth figure, another straight intersection plate 1a can be aligned with the joint 2 through the insertion slot 13a, and then the insertion action can be performed. At this time, the fixing hole 21a will be the same as the above. Corresponding to the position of the positioning hole 14a, as shown in the sixth figure, in the same manner as above, insert the fixing member 3a from the first surface 11a of the orthogonal integrated plate 1a into the positioning hole 14a and pass through the first surface 11a and the first wall. 131a, the fixing hole 21a, and the second wall 132a. At this time, in this embodiment, one end of the fixing member 3a will be flush with the first surface 11a. In this way, the assembly process is completed after the above-mentioned combination actions, allowing the floor slabs or walls assembled by the orthogonal integrated panels 1 to pass through the above-mentioned structure, making the overall weight lighter and reducing the seismic force generated during an earthquake.

Please refer to the seventh figure, which is a cross-sectional view of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the fixing member 3 of this embodiment is shorter, so After the fixing member 3 is inserted into the positioning hole 14 and the fixing hole 21, the end of the fixing member 3 away from the joint member 2 will not be flush with the first surface 11, thus creating a space. At this time, a decorative piece 4 can be used to fill the space. By making the decorative piece 4 flush with the first surface 11, the surface can be modified to have a beautiful effect without losing its function.

Please refer to Figure 8, which is a cross-sectional view of the third preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the positioning hole 14 of this embodiment passes through the first surface 11, the first wall 131, the second wall 132, and the second surface 12, so that when the fixing component 3 is inserted into the positioning hole 14 and the fixing hole 21, the two ends of the fixing component 3 can be connected to the first surface 11 and the second surface respectively. The two sides are flush with each other, which means that there is no limit to the combined state of this case.

Please refer to Figure 9, which is a cross-sectional view of the fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the positioning hole 14 of this embodiment passes through the first surface 11, the first wall 131, the second wall 132, and the second surface 12, and the fixing part 3 is relatively short, so that when the fixing part 3 is inserted into the positioning hole 14 and the fixing hole 21, the two ends of the fixing part 3 are in contact with each other respectively. A space is formed between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12. At this time, a decorative piece 4 can be used to fill the space, so that the decorative piece 4 is flush with the first surface 11 and the second surface 12. This can also achieve the same goal. Modify the surface and have a beautiful effect without losing its function.

Please refer to Figure 10, which is a cross-sectional view of the fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that each positioning hole 14 in this embodiment is on the surface. The first surface 11 has a limiting surface 141. The fixing component 3 in this embodiment is an example of a fixing component 3 having a nut 31 and a thread 32. When the fixing component 3 is locked in the positioning hole 14 and the fixing hole 21 After being inserted, the top surface of the nut 31 will be flush with the first surface 11, which means that there is no limit to the combined state of this case.

Please refer to Figure 11, which is a cross-sectional view of the sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the positioning hole 14 of this embodiment faces the The first surface 11 has a limiting surface 141. The fixing part 3 in this embodiment is a fixing part 3 with a nut 31 and a thread 32, and the fixing part 3 is relatively short, so that the fixing part 3 is locked in position. After the hole 14 and the fixing hole 21 are inside, a space will be formed between the side of the fixing member 3 away from the joint member 2 and the first surface 11. At this time, a decorative piece 4 can be installed in the space. The decorative piece 4 is connected with the first surface 11. The first surface 11 is flush, so that the surface can be modified and have a beautiful effect without losing its function.

Please refer to Figure 12, which is a cross-sectional view of the seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the positioning hole 14 of this embodiment passes through the seventh preferred embodiment. One side 11, the first wall 131, the second wall 132, and the second side 12, and each positioning hole 14 has a limiting surface 141 respectively at the position facing the first side 11 and the second side 12. In this implementation There are two fixing parts 3 in the example, and a nut 31 and a thread 32 are used as an example. When assembling, the two fixing parts 3 can be locked into position by the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 respectively. In the hole 14 and the fixing hole 21, and the nuts 31 of each fixing member 3 are flush with the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 respectively, this means that the combination state of this case is not limited.

Please refer to Figure 13, which is a cross-sectional view of the eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that each positioning hole 14 in this embodiment passes through The first surface 11, the first wall 131, the second wall 132, and the second surface 12, and each positioning hole 14 has a limiting surface 141 respectively facing the first surface 11 and the second surface 12. The fixing part 3 of the embodiment is exemplified by the fixing part 3 having a nut 31 and a thread 32, and the fixing part 3 is relatively short, so that after the fixing part 3 is locked in the positioning hole 14 and the fixing hole 21, the fixing part 3 is disengaged. The sides of the component 2 will form a space between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 respectively. At this time, a decorative component 4 can be installed in each space. The decorative component 4 is in contact with the first surface 11 and the second surface. 12 flush, so that the surface can be modified and have a beautiful effect without losing its function.

Please refer to Figure 14, which is a cross-sectional view of the ninth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the length of the first wall 131 of this embodiment is The length is greater than the length of the second wall 132, and a vertical connecting member 22 is extended from one side of the connecting member 2. The vertical connecting member 22 has a plurality of vertical fixing holes 221. This aspect can be used as a turning point for jointing. , and the fixing member 3 of this embodiment passes through the first surface 11, the first wall 131 and the second wall 132, but does not pass through the second surface 12, as an example to prove the multi-variable combination characteristics of this case.

Please refer to Figure 15, which is a cross-sectional view of the tenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the length of the first wall 131 in this embodiment is is greater than the length of the second wall 132, and a vertical joining member 22 is extended from one side of the joining member 2. The vertical joining member 22 has a plurality of vertical fixing holes 221. This aspect can be used as a turning point for joining, and In this embodiment, the fixing member 3 passes through the first surface 11, the first wall 131, the second wall 132, and the second surface 12, and both ends of the fixing member 3 are connected to the first surface 11 and the second surface 12. flush, to prove the multi-variable combination characteristics of this case.

Please refer to Figure 16, which is a cross-sectional view of the eleventh preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment lies in the length of the first wall 131 in this embodiment. is greater than the length of the second wall 132, and a vertical connecting member 22 is formed on one side of the connecting member 2. The vertical connecting member 22 has a plurality of vertical fixing holes 221. This aspect can be used as a turning point for jointing. The fixing member 3 of this embodiment is relatively short. After being inserted into the positioning hole 14 and the fixing hole 21, the fixing member 3 passes through the first surface 11, the first wall 131 and the second wall 132, but does not pass through the second surface 12, and A space is formed between it and the first surface 11, and a decorative piece 4 can be installed in this space to make the surface more beautiful, thereby proving the multi-variable combination characteristics of this case.

Please refer to Figure 17, which is a cross-sectional view of the twelfth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment lies in the length of the first wall 131 of this embodiment. is greater than the length of the second wall 132, and a vertical connecting member 22 is formed on one side of the connecting member 2. The vertical connecting member 22 has a plurality of vertical fixing holes 221. This aspect can be used as a turning point for jointing. The fixing part 3 of this embodiment is relatively short. After being inserted into the positioning hole 14 and the fixing hole 21, a space is formed between the fixing part 3 and the first surface 11 and the second surface 12. A decorative part 4 can be disposed in this space to make the surface more beautiful. Beautiful, this proves the many changing combinations of this case.

Please refer to Figure 18, which is a cross-sectional view of the thirteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment lies in the length of the first wall 131 of this embodiment. is greater than the length of the second wall 132, and a vertical coupling member 22 is extended on one side of the coupling member 2. The vertical coupling member 22 has a plurality of vertical fixing holes 221. This aspect can be used as a rotating The fastener 3 of this embodiment is connected with a thread 32 and a nut 31, and each positioning hole 14 has a position facing the first surface 11 and the second surface 12. Limiting surface 141, after the fixing part 3 is locked, the nut 31 will resist the limiting surface 141 to achieve the limiting function, and the top of the nut 31 of the fixing part 3 will be flush with the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 level, to prove the multi-variable combination characteristics of this case.

Please refer to Figure 19, which is a cross-sectional view of the fourteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment lies in the length of the first wall 131 of this embodiment. is greater than the length of the second wall 132, and a vertical connecting member 22 is formed on one side of the connecting member 2. The vertical connecting member 22 has a plurality of vertical fixing holes 221. This aspect can be used as a turning point for jointing. The fixing part 3 of this embodiment is in the form of a thread 32 and a nut 31, and the positioning hole 14 has a limiting surface 141 facing the first surface 11, so that after the fixing part 3 is locked, The nut 31 will resist the limiting surface 141 to achieve the limiting function, and the top of the nut 31 of the fixing member 3 will be flush with the first surface 11, thereby proving the multi-variable combination characteristics of this case.

Please refer to Figure 20, which is a cross-sectional view of the fifteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment lies in the length of the first wall 131 of this embodiment. is greater than the length of the second wall 132, and a vertical connecting member 22 is formed on one side of the connecting member 2. The vertical connecting member 22 has a plurality of vertical fixing holes 221. This aspect can be used as a turning point for jointing. The fixing member 3 of this embodiment is in the form of a thread 32 and a nut 31, and each positioning hole 14 has a limiting surface 141 facing the first surface 11 and the second surface 12, so that After the fixing part 3 is locked, the nut 31 will resist the limiting surface 141 to achieve the limiting function. However, the fixing part 3 of this embodiment is relatively short, so after the fixing part 3 is locked, the nut 31 of the fixing part 3 A space will be formed between the top and the first surface 11 and the second surface 12. Decorative pieces 4 can be installed in this space to make the surface more beautiful, thereby proving the multi-variable combination characteristics of this case.

Please refer to Figure 21, which is a cross-sectional view of the sixteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the first wall 131 of this embodiment The length is greater than the length of the second wall 132, and one side of the joint 2 is extended to form a vertical joint 22. The vertical joint 22 has a plurality of vertical fixing holes 221. This aspect can be used as a turning point for jointing. , and the fixing part 3 of this embodiment is in the form of a thread 32 and a nut 31, and the positioning hole 14 has a limiting surface 141 facing the first surface 11, so that the fixing part 3 is locked. , the nut 31 will resist the limiting surface 141 to achieve the limiting function. However, in this embodiment The fixing part 3 is relatively short. After the fixing part 3 is locked, a space will be formed between the top of the nut 31 of the fixing part 3 and the first surface 11. A decorative part 4 can be placed in this space to make the surface more beautiful. Prove the multi-variable combination characteristics of this case.

Please refer to Figure 22, which is a cross-sectional view of the seventeenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the first wall 131 of this embodiment The length is greater than the length of the second wall 132, and one side of the joint 2 is extended to form a vertical joint 22. The vertical joint 22 has a plurality of vertical fixing holes 221. This aspect can be used as a turning point for jointing. , this embodiment takes the connection between the floor and the wall as an example, and the length of the first wall 131 of the orthogonal integrated panel 1 installed on the vertical joint 22 is the same as the length of the second wall 132. This proves the multi-variable combination characteristics of this case.

Please refer to Figure 23, which is a cross-sectional view of the eighteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that the fixing member 3 of this embodiment has The thread 32 and the nut 31, after being arranged in the positioning hole 14 and the fixing hole 21, the nut 31 will protrude from the first surface 11, thereby proving the multi-variable combination characteristics of this case.

Therefore, the key points of the combined structure of the plates of the present invention that can improve the conventional technology are:

First, the orthogonal integrated plate 1 in this case can be quickly and automatically produced, thereby reducing part of the cost and enabling rapid mass production.

Second, in this case, the insertion slot 13 and positioning hole 14 of the panel 1 are orthogonally integrated, and the joints 2, fixing holes 21 and fixings 3 are combined, so that the construction can be faster, so that the construction time can be controlled, and the construction time can be better controlled. During the construction process, there is no need to additionally calculate the number of fixing parts or the layout density to achieve the advantage of rapid assembly.

Third, due to its light weight, the orthogonal integrated panel 1 in this case can reduce the weight of each floor, thereby reducing the design seismic force, making the beam and column structure smaller in size and section, thereby increasing the net height of the floor and its plane usable area.

However, while various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, such embodiments are provided by way of example only, and any theory of operation or benefit provided herein is intended only as an aid in illustrating the invention; These theories and explanations do not constrain or limit the scope of the patent application regarding tissue remodeling achieved by practicing the present invention. Those skilled in the art may now devise numerous variations, modifications or substitutions without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. The scope of the invention, methods and structures within the scope of the invention are intended to include Include equivalent forms.

To sum up, the combined structure of the plates of the present invention can indeed achieve its effect and purpose when used. Therefore, the present invention is an invention with excellent practicality and meets the application requirements for an invention patent. The application must be filed in accordance with the law. We hope that the review committee will approve this invention as soon as possible to protect the inventor's hard work. If the review committee of the Jun Bureau has any doubts, please feel free to send us a letter for instructions. The inventor will try our best to cooperate. We sincerely consider it as a matter of public convenience.

131:First wall

132:Second wall

14: Positioning hole

2:Jointing parts

21:Fixing hole

3: Fixtures

Claims (10)

A composite structure of plates, mainly including: Several orthogonal integrated plates with multiple different fiber radial directions, each of the orthogonal integrated plates has a first face on one side and a second face on the other side, and each of the orthogonal integrated plates has a first face on at least one side. The plug-in slot has a first wall on the inside of the plug-in slot and a second wall on the other side; Several positioning holes are formed on each of the orthogonal integrated plates and pass through the first surface, the first wall, and the second wall; A joint member received in the plug-in slot, the joint member having a plurality of fixing holes corresponding to the positioning holes; and Several fixing parts are provided in the positioning hole and the fixing hole. The combined structure of panels as claimed in claim 1, wherein each fixing member has a decorative piece on the side away from the joint member, and the decorative piece is flush with the first surface. The composite structure of plates as claimed in claim 1, wherein each positioning hole passes through the first surface, the first wall, the second wall, and the second surface. The combined structure of panels as described in claim 3, wherein each fixing member has a decorative piece on both sides away from the joint member, and each of the decorative pieces is flush with the first surface and the second surface respectively. The combined structure of plates as claimed in claim 1, wherein each positioning hole has a limiting surface facing the first surface. The combined structure of plates as claimed in claim 5, wherein each fixing member has a decorative piece on the side away from the joint member, and the decorative piece is flush with the first surface. The combined structure of plates as claimed in claim 3, wherein each positioning hole has a limiting surface respectively facing the first surface and the second surface. The combined structure of panels as described in claim 7, wherein the side of each fixing member away from the joint member has a decorative piece that resists the limiting surface, and each of the decorative pieces is connected to the first surface and the second surface. Flush. The composite structure of plates as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the length of the first wall is greater than the length of the second wall. The combined structure of plates as claimed in claim 9, wherein one side of the joint is extended to form a vertical joint, and the vertical joint has a plurality of vertical fixing holes.

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