TWI825691B - Low voltage protection method - Google Patents

Low voltage protection method Download PDF

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TWI825691B
TWI825691B TW111115876A TW111115876A TWI825691B TW I825691 B TWI825691 B TW I825691B TW 111115876 A TW111115876 A TW 111115876A TW 111115876 A TW111115876 A TW 111115876A TW I825691 B TWI825691 B TW I825691B
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voltage protection
low
low voltage
stage
analog front
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TW111115876A
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TW202343932A (en
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吳迪
曾欽煌
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正崴精密工業股份有限公司
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Abstract

A method of low voltage protection comprises steps of: A: inactivating the second low voltage protection through an analog front unit; B: checking the result of the shut down through a microcontroller unit; if the result of the shut down being the low voltage protection, entering into step C; C: checking the releasing point of the low voltage protection, if the releasing point of the low voltage protection being enable, entering into step D; if the releasing point of the low voltage protection being unable, entering into step E; D: activating the second low voltage protection; E: waiting for the charger, if the charger being unable, entering into step F; if the charger being enable, entering into step G; F: being shut down after writing to the electrically erasable programmable read only memory; G: charging through a charge/discharge unit.

Description

低電壓保護方法Low voltage protection method

本發明涉及一種低電壓保護方法，尤其是涉及一種能維持正常充放電運作的低電壓保護方法。The present invention relates to a low-voltage protection method, and in particular, to a low-voltage protection method that can maintain normal charging and discharging operations.

習知搭載有低電壓保護的產品，例如車用電池模組，在電池管理系統初始時，控制單元會設定類比前端單元之低電壓保護門檻，在低電壓保護發生時，電池管理系統會關閉充放電單元，而控制單元會在數秒後啟動關機保護。當產品再次開機時，會重複先前的動作，形成再度開機又因為低電壓保護而關機的循環。如此使得產品無法偵測到充電器，而無法進行充電。It is known that for products equipped with low-voltage protection, such as automotive battery modules, when the battery management system is initialized, the control unit will set the low-voltage protection threshold of the analog front-end unit. When low-voltage protection occurs, the battery management system will shut down charging. Discharge unit, and the control unit will initiate shutdown protection after a few seconds. When the product is turned on again, it will repeat the previous action, forming a cycle of turning it on again and then shutting down due to low voltage protection. This prevents the product from detecting the charger and cannot be charged.

因此，有必要提供一種低電壓保護方法，能在電池管理系統進入低電壓保護而關機後，能正常重新啟動，以進行充電功能。Therefore, it is necessary to provide a low-voltage protection method that can restart normally for charging after the battery management system enters low-voltage protection and shuts down.

本發明之目的提供一種低電壓保護方法，該低電壓保護方法在電池管理系統因低電壓保護而重新開機之狀態下能維持正常充電運作。The object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage protection method that can maintain normal charging operation when the battery management system is restarted due to low-voltage protection.

為了實現以上目的，本發明公開一種低電壓保護方法，應用於一電池管理系統，其方法之步驟包括有：A: 類比前端單元停止第二段低電壓保護；B: 微控制器確認前次關機原因，此步驟為微控制器先讀取電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體，檢查前次關機的原因是否為低電壓保護關機；若前次關機的原因為低電壓保護關機，則進行步驟C；C: 經由監測單元判斷各串電池是否符合低電壓保護解除點，若符合低電壓保護解除點，進行步驟D；若不符合低電壓保護解除點，則進行步驟E；D: 類比前端單元啟動第二段低電壓保護；E: 等待充電器進入充電，此步驟進行時會等待數秒，若是數秒後無充電器進入，進行步驟F；若是數秒後有充電器進入，則進行步驟G；F: 寫入電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體後關機；G: 經由充放電單元進入充電模式。In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention discloses a low-voltage protection method, which is applied to a battery management system. The steps of the method include: A: The analog front-end unit stops the second stage of low-voltage protection; B: The microcontroller confirms the previous shutdown. Reason, this step is for the microcontroller to first read the electronically erasable rewritable read-only memory to check whether the reason for the previous shutdown was a low-voltage protection shutdown; if the reason for the previous shutdown was a low-voltage protection shutdown, proceed to the following steps C; C: Determine whether each string of batteries meets the low-voltage protection release point through the monitoring unit. If it meets the low-voltage protection release point, proceed to step D; if it does not meet the low-voltage protection release point, proceed to step E; D: Analog front-end unit Start the second stage of low voltage protection; E: Wait for the charger to enter charging. This step will wait for a few seconds. If no charger enters after a few seconds, proceed to step F; if a charger enters after a few seconds, proceed to step G; F : Shut down after writing to the electronically erasable rewritable read-only memory; G: Enter the charging mode through the charge and discharge unit.

承上所述，本發明低電壓保護方法在電池管理系統進入低電壓保護而關機後，能正常重新啟動，以進行充放電功能。Based on the above, the low-voltage protection method of the present invention can restart normally to perform charging and discharging functions after the battery management system enters low-voltage protection and shuts down.

為詳細說明本發明之技術內容、構造特徵、所達成的目的及功效，以下茲例舉實施例並配合圖式詳予說明。In order to describe in detail the technical content, structural features, objectives and effects of the present invention, examples are given below and explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

請參閱第一圖，本發明公開一種低電壓保護方法，應用於一電池管理系統100。電池管理系統100包括有一控制模組1、一類比前端單元2、一監測單元3及一充放電單元4。控制模組1與類比前端單元2相連接，監測單元3及充放電單元4皆分別與類比前端單元2相連接。Please refer to the first figure. The present invention discloses a low voltage protection method, which is applied to a battery management system 100. The battery management system 100 includes a control module 1 , an analog front-end unit 2 , a monitoring unit 3 and a charging and discharging unit 4 . The control module 1 is connected to the analog front-end unit 2, and the monitoring unit 3 and the charging and discharging unit 4 are connected to the analog front-end unit 2 respectively.

控制模組1包括一微控制器11及一電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體12(Electrically erasable programmable read only memory, EEPROM)。電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體12與微控制器11相連接。控制模組1具有系統溝通、計算電池的充電狀態(battery state of charge, SOC)及健康狀態(state of health, SOH)、控制外部設置及記錄資料等功能。The control module 1 includes a microcontroller 11 and an electronically erasable programmable read only memory 12 (Electrically erasable programmable read only memory, EEPROM). The electronically erasable rewritable read-only memory 12 is connected to the microcontroller 11 . The control module 1 has functions such as system communication, calculating the battery state of charge (SOC) and health (state of health, SOH), controlling external settings, and recording data.

類比前端單元2與微控制器11連接。類比前端單元2用以與微控制器11進行訊號溝通。The analog front-end unit 2 is connected to the microcontroller 11 . The analog front-end unit 2 is used for signal communication with the microcontroller 11 .

監測單元3與類比前端單元2連接。監測單元3具有監測電池管理系統100的電壓、電流及溫度等功用。The monitoring unit 3 is connected to the analog front-end unit 2 . The monitoring unit 3 has the function of monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of the battery management system 100 .

充放電單元4包括充電開關CFET和放電開關DFET，用以控制及保護電池管理系統100的功用。The charging and discharging unit 4 includes a charging switch CFET and a discharging switch DFET to control and protect the function of the battery management system 100 .

監測單元3及充放電單元4將監測及控制的訊號傳輸給類比前端單元2，類比前端單元2再傳輸給微控制器11，使得微控制器11能對電池管理系統100進行控制。The monitoring unit 3 and the charging and discharging unit 4 transmit monitoring and control signals to the analog front-end unit 2, and the analog front-end unit 2 then transmits them to the microcontroller 11, so that the microcontroller 11 can control the battery management system 100.

微控制器11在初始時會對類比前端單元2寫入低電壓保護(Under Voltage Protect, UVP)機制。低電壓保護分為第一段低電壓保護(UVP1)及第二段低電壓保護(UVP2)。第一段低電壓保護及第二段低電壓保護用以保護電芯的壽命。當電壓值過低會影響到電芯的化學特性，進而影響使用時間。第一段低電壓保護由微控制器11控制，第二段低電壓保護由類比前端單元2控制。第一段低電壓保護(UVP1)及第二段低電壓保護(UVP2)中皆設有電壓保護值。當電池管理系統100的電壓低於電壓保護值時，即啟動低電壓保護。第二段低電壓保護的電壓保護值較第一段低電壓保護低。低電壓保護中還設有一延遲時間。用以設定當電池管理系統100的電壓低於電壓保護值時經過多少時間後，啟動低電壓保護。第一段低電壓保護的延遲時間較第二段低電壓保護的延遲時間長。The microcontroller 11 initially writes an Under Voltage Protect (UVP) mechanism to the analog front-end unit 2 . Low voltage protection is divided into the first stage of low voltage protection (UVP1) and the second stage of low voltage protection (UVP2). The first stage of low voltage protection and the second stage of low voltage protection are used to protect the life of the battery core. When the voltage value is too low, it will affect the chemical characteristics of the battery core, thereby affecting the use time. The first stage of low voltage protection is controlled by the microcontroller 11, and the second stage of low voltage protection is controlled by the analog front-end unit 2. Both the first stage of low voltage protection (UVP1) and the second stage of low voltage protection (UVP2) have voltage protection values. When the voltage of the battery management system 100 is lower than the voltage protection value, the low voltage protection is activated. The voltage protection value of the second stage of low voltage protection is lower than that of the first stage of low voltage protection. There is also a delay time in the low voltage protection. It is used to set the time after which the low voltage protection is activated when the voltage of the battery management system 100 is lower than the voltage protection value. The delay time of the first stage of low voltage protection is longer than the delay time of the second stage of low voltage protection.

當電池管理系統100的電壓值降低至第一段低電壓保護的電壓保護值時，即開始計算第一段低電壓保護的延遲時間。若是電壓值介於第一段低電壓保護的電壓保護值及第二段低電壓保護的電壓保護值之間，並經過第一段低電壓保護的延遲時間，即會使電池管理系統100進入第一段低電壓保護狀態而關機。若是電壓值低於第二段低電壓保護的電壓保護值時，即開始計算第二段低電壓保護的延遲時間，在經過第二段低電壓保護的延遲時間後，即會使電池管理系統100進入第二段低電壓保護狀態而關機。When the voltage value of the battery management system 100 drops to the voltage protection value of the first stage of low voltage protection, the delay time of the first stage of low voltage protection begins to be calculated. If the voltage value is between the voltage protection value of the first stage of low voltage protection and the voltage protection value of the second stage of low voltage protection, and after the delay time of the first stage of low voltage protection, the battery management system 100 will enter the third stage. Shut down due to low voltage protection status. If the voltage value is lower than the voltage protection value of the second stage of low voltage protection, the delay time of the second stage of low voltage protection begins to be calculated. After the delay time of the second stage of low voltage protection, the battery management system 100 Enter the second stage of low voltage protection state and shut down.

進一步地，當電池管理系統100的電壓低於第一段低電壓保護的電壓保護值或第二段低電壓保護的電壓保護值時，類比前端單元2會依照第一段低電壓保護或第二段低電壓保護所設定的延遲時間而發出警報，若是持續時間滿足第一段低電壓保護或第二段低電壓保護所設定的延遲時間，即發送訊號給微控制器11或類比前端單元2，微控制器11將第一段低電壓保護狀態或是類比前端單元2將第二段低電壓保護狀態寫入電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體12之後，再將電池管理系統100關機。Further, when the voltage of the battery management system 100 is lower than the voltage protection value of the first stage of low voltage protection or the voltage protection value of the second stage of low voltage protection, the analog front-end unit 2 will follow the first stage of low voltage protection or the second stage of low voltage protection. The alarm is issued by the delay time set by the low-voltage protection stage. If the duration meets the delay time set by the low-voltage protection stage of the first stage or the low-voltage protection of the second stage, a signal is sent to the microcontroller 11 or the analog front-end unit 2. After the microcontroller 11 writes the first low-voltage protection state or the analog front-end unit 2 writes the second low-voltage protection state into the electronically erasable rewritable read-only memory 12, the battery management system 100 is shut down.

請參閱第二圖，當啟動電池管理系統100時，是進行以下步驟:Referring to the second figure, when starting the battery management system 100, the following steps are performed:

步驟S101: 類比前端單元2停止第二段低電壓保護。Step S101: The analog front-end unit 2 stops the second stage of low voltage protection.

步驟S201: 微控制器確認前次關機原因。此步驟為微控制器11先讀取電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體12，檢查前次關機的原因是否為低電壓保護關機。若前次關機的原因不是低電壓保護關機，則進行步驟S202；若前次關機的原因為低電壓保護關機，則進行步驟S301。Step S201: The microcontroller confirms the reason for the previous shutdown. In this step, the microcontroller 11 first reads the electronically erasable rewritable read-only memory 12 to check whether the cause of the previous shutdown was a low-voltage protection shutdown. If the reason for the previous shutdown is not low-voltage protection shutdown, proceed to step S202; if the reason for the previous shutdown is low-voltage protection shutdown, proceed to step S301.

步驟S202: 類比前端單元2啟動第二段低電壓保護。Step S202: The analog front-end unit 2 activates the second stage of low voltage protection.

步驟S301: 經由監測單元3判斷各串電池是否符合低電壓保護解除門檻。若符合低電壓保護解除門檻，進行步驟S302；若不符合低電壓保護解除門檻，則進行步驟S401。具體地，若是為第一段低電壓保護狀態，即經由微控制器11控制。若是為第二段低電壓保護狀態，即經由類比前端單元2控制。Step S301: Determine whether each string of batteries meets the low-voltage protection release threshold via the monitoring unit 3. If the low voltage protection lifting threshold is met, step S302 is performed; if the low voltage protection lifting threshold is not met, step S401 is performed. Specifically, if it is the first stage of low voltage protection state, it is controlled by the microcontroller 11 . If it is the second stage of low voltage protection state, it is controlled by the analog front-end unit 2.

步驟S302: 類比前端單元2啟動第二段低電壓保護。Step S302: The analog front-end unit 2 activates the second stage of low voltage protection.

步驟S401: 確認充電器是否進入充電。具體地，先由類比前端單元2確認充電器是否進入充電，再由微控制器11與類比前端單元2通訊進行確認。若是電池管理系統100中的電量接近滿電狀態時，則由微控制器11進行確認。此步驟進行時會等待數秒，若是數秒後無充電器進入，進行步驟S402；若是數秒後有充電器進入，則進行步驟S403。具體地，會等待十秒。Step S401: Confirm whether the charger is charging. Specifically, the analog front-end unit 2 first confirms whether the charger has entered charging, and then the microcontroller 11 communicates with the analog front-end unit 2 to confirm. If the power in the battery management system 100 is close to a fully charged state, it will be confirmed by the microcontroller 11 . This step will wait for a few seconds. If no charger enters after a few seconds, proceed to step S402; if a charger enters after a few seconds, proceed to step S403. Specifically, it will wait ten seconds.

步驟S402: 寫入電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體後關機。Step S402: Write the electronically erasable rewritable read-only memory and shut down the computer.

步驟S403: 經由充放電單元4進入充電模式。在進行充電模式時，會先啟動放電開關DFET再啟動充電開關CFET。Step S403: Enter the charging mode via the charging and discharging unit 4. When in charging mode, the discharging switch DFET is turned on first and then the charging switch CFET is turned on.

承上所述，本發明低電壓保護方法在電池管理系統100進入低電壓保護而關機後，能正常重新啟動，以進行充電功能。Based on the above, the low-voltage protection method of the present invention can restart normally to perform the charging function after the battery management system 100 enters low-voltage protection and shuts down.

100: 電池管理系統 1: 控制模組 11: 微控制器 12: 電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體 2: 類比前端單元 3: 監測單元 4: 充放電單元 S101: 步驟 S201~S202: 步驟 S301~S302: 步驟 S401~S403: 步驟 100: Battery Management System 1: Control module 11: Microcontroller 12: Electronically erasable rewritable read-only memory 2: Analog front-end unit 3: Monitoring unit 4: Charge and discharge unit S101: Steps S201~S202: steps S301~S302: steps S401~S403: steps

［第一圖］係本發明低電壓保護方法的電池管理系統之系統方塊圖。[The first figure] is a system block diagram of the battery management system of the low-voltage protection method of the present invention.

［第二圖］係本發明低電壓保護方法之方法流程圖。[The second figure] is a method flow chart of the low voltage protection method of the present invention.

100: 電池管理系統 1: 控制模組 11: 微控制器 12: 電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體 2: 類比前端單元 3: 監測單元 4: 充放電單元 100: Battery Management System 1: Control module 11: Microcontroller 12: Electronically erasable rewritable read-only memory 2: Analog front-end unit 3: Monitoring unit 4: Charge and discharge unit

Claims (5)

一種低電壓保護方法，應用於一電池管理系統，其方法之步驟 包括有：A: 類比前端單元停止第二段低電壓保護；B: 微控制器確認前次關機原因，此步驟為微控制器先讀取電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體，檢查前次關機的原因是否為低電壓保護關機；若前次關機的原因為低電壓保護關機，則進行步驟C；C: 經由監測單元判斷各串電池是否符合低電壓保護解除點，若符合低電壓保護解除點，進行步驟D，若不符合低電壓保護解除點，則進行步驟E；D: 類比前端單元啟動第二段低電壓保護；E: 等待充電器進入充電，此步驟進行時會等待數秒，若是數秒後無充電器進入，進行步驟F；若是數秒後有充電器進入，則進行步驟G；F: 寫入電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體後關機；G: 經由充放電單元進入充電模式。 A low voltage protection method, applied to a battery management system, and the steps of the method Including: A: The analog front-end unit stops the second stage of low-voltage protection; B: The microcontroller confirms the reason for the previous shutdown. This step is for the microcontroller to first read the electronically erasable rewritable read-only memory and check the previous shutdown. Whether the reason for the shutdown is low-voltage protection shutdown; if the reason for the previous shutdown is low-voltage protection shutdown, proceed to step C; C: Use the monitoring unit to determine whether each string of batteries meets the low-voltage protection release point. If it meets the low-voltage protection release point, point, proceed to step D. If the low-voltage protection release point is not met, proceed to step E; D: The analog front-end unit activates the second stage of low-voltage protection; E: Wait for the charger to enter charging. This step will wait for a few seconds. If If no charger enters after a few seconds, proceed to step F; if a charger enters after a few seconds, proceed to step G; F: Write to the electronically erasable rewritable read-only memory and then shut down; G: Enter the charging mode through the charge and discharge unit . 如請求項1所述之低電壓保護方法，其中，在步驟C中，若前次關機的原因不是低電壓保護關機，則進行步驟H: 類比前端單元啟動第二段低電壓保護。The low-voltage protection method as described in claim 1, wherein in step C, if the reason for the previous shutdown is not low-voltage protection shutdown, then proceed to step H: the analog front-end unit activates the second stage of low-voltage protection. 如請求項1所述之低電壓保護方法，其中，在步驟E會等待十秒。The low voltage protection method as described in claim 1, wherein step E is waited for ten seconds. 如請求項1所述之低電壓保護方法，其中，在步驟E時，是先由類比前端單元確認充電器是否進入充電，再由微控制器與類比前端單元通訊進行確認，若是電池管理系統中的電量接近滿電狀態時，則由微控制器進行確認。The low voltage protection method as described in claim 1, wherein in step E, the analog front-end unit first confirms whether the charger has entered charging, and then the microcontroller communicates with the analog front-end unit to confirm. If the battery management system When the power is close to full power, it is confirmed by the microcontroller. 如請求項1所述之低電壓保護方法，其中，在步驟G進行充電模式時，會先啟動放電開關DFET再啟動充電開關CFET。The low-voltage protection method as described in claim 1, wherein when performing the charging mode in step G, the discharging switch DFET is activated first and then the charging switch CFET is activated.
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