TWI817487B - Device for detecting the shape of a tool and method for detecting the shape of a tool - Google Patents
Device for detecting the shape of a tool and method for detecting the shape of a tool Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0904—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool before or after machining
- B23Q17/0919—Arrangements for measuring or adjusting cutting-tool geometry in presetting devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0904—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool before or after machining
- B23Q17/0919—Arrangements for measuring or adjusting cutting-tool geometry in presetting devices
- B23Q17/0933—Cutting angles of milling cutters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
- B23Q17/2233—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/022—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by means of tv-camera scanning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/028—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring lateral position of a boundary of the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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Abstract
檢測設置於工具機的主軸之工具的形狀的裝置,具有:攝影上述形狀的照相機;算出以上述照相機攝影的上述工具的邊緣上的複數個點分別所特定的向量的特定向量取得部;特定向量比較部,比較:藉上述特定向量取得部在第1時間點取得的第1的複數個特定向量,及在第2時間點取得的第2的複數個特定向量;及工具形狀判斷部,以上述特定向量比較部的比較的結果,在上述第1的複數個特定向量的值及上述第2的複數個特定向量的值,與預定的臨界值不同時,進行上述工具的形狀變化的判斷,上述特定向量為法線向量或切線向量或相對於上述法線向量僅傾斜一定的角度的特定傾斜向量。 A device for detecting the shape of a tool installed on a main axis of a machine tool includes: a camera that photographs the shape; a specific vector acquisition unit that calculates vectors that specify each of a plurality of points on the edge of the tool photographed by the camera; and a specific vector. The comparison part compares: the first plurality of specific vectors obtained at the first time point by the above-mentioned specific vector acquisition part and the second plurality of specific vectors obtained at the second time point; and the tool shape determination part uses the above-mentioned When the comparison result of the specific vector comparison unit is different from a predetermined critical value, the values of the first plurality of specific vectors and the values of the second plurality of specific vectors are judged to have changed the shape of the tool, and the above-mentioned The specific vector is a normal vector or a tangent vector, or a specific tilt vector tilted only at a certain angle with respect to the normal vector.
Description
以下的說明是關於檢測工具的形狀的裝置及檢測工具的形狀的方法。 The following description relates to a device for detecting the shape of a tool and a method for detecting the shape of a tool.
近年來,在工件的超精密加工中隨著裝置(工具機)的運動性能的提升,工具的形狀精度在加工精度上佔據的比例增大。並且,工具的形狀的測量是例如使用專利文獻1記載的工具形狀測量裝置。
In recent years, in the ultra-precision machining of workpieces, as the motion performance of the device (machine tool) has improved, the proportion of the shape accuracy of the tool in the machining accuracy has increased. Furthermore, the tool shape measuring device described in
[專利文獻1]國際公開第2020/090844號公報 [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2020/090844
一般在測量工具的形狀的場合,測量器有預先指定測量何種形狀的工具的必要。通常,可定義(指定)的工具的形狀為圓頭槽銑刀的形狀、半徑端銑刀的形狀、平面槽銑刀的形狀等,市售的工具的形狀。 Generally, when measuring the shape of a tool, it is necessary for the measuring instrument to specify in advance the shape of the tool to be measured. Generally, the shape of the tool that can be defined (specified) is the shape of a commercially available tool such as the shape of a ball nose slot mill, the shape of a radius end mill, the shape of a plane slot mill, etc.
但是,會有使用形狀未知之特殊形狀的工具進行工件 加工,且對於形狀未知的工具,也會有測量此形狀進一步欲檢測形狀異常的場合。 However, there are cases where tools with unknown special shapes are used to process workpieces. Processing, and for tools with unknown shapes, there are also occasions where the shape is measured to further detect shape abnormalities.
以下記載的裝置乃至方法是以研創一種可提供測量形狀未知的工具的形狀並可進一步檢測工具的形狀的異常之檢測工具的形狀的裝置及檢測工具的形狀的方法為目的。 The device and method described below are for the purpose of developing a device and a method for detecting the shape of a tool that can measure the shape of a tool of unknown shape and can further detect abnormalities in the shape of the tool.
根據第一局面,檢測設置在工具機的主軸的工具的形狀的裝置,具有:攝影上述形狀的照相機;算出以上述照相機攝影的上述工具的邊緣上的複數個點分別所特定的向量的特定向量取得部;特定向量比較部,比較:藉上述特定向量取得部在第1時間點取得的第1的複數個特定向量,及在第2時間點取得的第2的複數個特定向量;及工具形狀判斷部,以上述特定向量比較部的比較的結果,在上述第1的複數個特定向量的值及上述第2的複數個特定向量的值,與預定的臨界值不同時,進行上述工具的形狀變化的判斷,上述特定向量為法線向量或切線向量或相對於上述法線向量僅傾斜一定的角度的特定傾斜向量。 According to the first aspect, the device for detecting the shape of a tool installed on the main axis of the machine tool includes: a camera that photographs the shape; and a specific vector that calculates a vector specified by a plurality of points on the edge of the tool photographed by the camera. The acquisition part; the specific vector comparison part, compares: the first plurality of specific vectors obtained at the first time point by the above-mentioned specific vector acquisition part, and the second plurality of specific vectors obtained at the second time point; and the tool shape The determination unit determines the shape of the tool based on the comparison result of the specific vector comparison unit when the values of the first plurality of specific vectors and the values of the second plurality of specific vectors are different from a predetermined critical value. To determine the change, the above-mentioned specific vector is a normal vector or a tangent vector or a specific tilt vector that is only inclined at a certain angle relative to the above-mentioned normal vector.
根據第二局面,檢測設置在工具機的主軸的工具的形狀的裝置,具有:攝影上述工具的形狀的照相機;在上述工具的使用前,以上述照相機攝影上述工具並在上述工具的邊緣上的複數個點,算出特定向量的特定向量取得部;在上述工具的使用後,以上述照相機攝影上述工具並算出上述工具的邊緣的邊緣形狀取得部;以上述特定向量取得部算出的特定向量;及使用上述邊緣形狀取得部算出的上述工具的邊緣,算出相對於上述使用前的工具的形狀之上 述使用後的工具的形狀的變化量的工具形狀變化量取得部,上述特定向量為法線向量或切線向量或相對於上述法線向量僅傾斜一定的角度的特定傾斜向量。 According to the second aspect, the device for detecting the shape of a tool installed on the spindle of the machine tool includes: a camera that takes a picture of the shape of the tool; and before using the tool, the camera takes a picture of the tool and places a photo on an edge of the tool. a specific vector acquisition unit that calculates a specific vector at a plurality of points; an edge shape acquisition unit that photographs the tool with the camera after use of the tool and calculates the edge of the tool; the specific vector calculated by the specific vector acquisition unit; and The edge of the tool calculated by the edge shape acquisition unit is calculated relative to the shape of the tool before use. In the tool shape change amount acquisition unit for obtaining the change amount of the tool after use, the specific vector is a normal vector, a tangent vector, or a specific inclination vector that is tilted only at a certain angle with respect to the normal vector.
根據第三局面,檢測設置在工具機的主軸的工具的形狀的裝置,具有:攝影上述工具的形狀的照相機;在上述工具的使用前,以上述照相機攝影上述工具並算出上述工具的邊緣形狀取得部;在上述工具的使用後,以上述照相機攝影上述工具在上述工具的邊緣上的複數個點,算出特定向量的特定向量取得部;以上述特定向量取得部算出的特定向量;及使用上述邊緣形狀取得部算出的上述工具的邊緣,算出相對於上述使用前的工具的形狀之上述使用後的工具的形狀的變化量的工具形狀變化量取得部,上述特定向量為法線向量或切線向量或相對於上述法線向量僅傾斜一定的角度的特定傾斜向量。 According to a third aspect, the device for detecting the shape of a tool installed on a spindle of a machine tool includes: a camera that photographs the shape of the tool; and before using the tool, the camera photographs the tool and calculates and obtains the edge shape of the tool. after the use of the above-mentioned tool, the above-mentioned camera photographs a plurality of points of the above-mentioned tool on the edge of the above-mentioned tool, and calculates a specific vector; the above-mentioned specific vector acquisition part calculates the specific vector; and uses the above-mentioned edge The edge of the tool calculated by the shape acquisition unit is a tool shape change amount acquisition unit that calculates a change amount of the shape of the tool after use with respect to the shape of the tool before use, and the specific vector is a normal vector or a tangent vector or A specific tilt vector that is tilted only by a certain angle relative to the above normal vector.
根據第四局面,檢測設置在工具機的主軸的工具的形狀的方法,具有:在以攝影上述工具的形狀的照相機攝影的工具的邊緣上的複數個點,算出該等的特定向量的特定向量取得階段;特定向量比較階段,比較:在上述特定向量取得階段取得的第1的複數個特定向量,及在上述特定向量取得階段接著取得的第2的複數個特定向量;及工具形狀判斷階段,在上述特定向量比較階段的比較的結果,第1的複數個特定向量的值及上述第2的複數個特定向量的值與預定的臨界值不同時,進行上述工具之形狀變化的判斷,上述特定向量為法線向量或切線向量或相對於上述法 線向量僅傾斜一定的角度的特定傾斜向量。 According to a fourth aspect, a method for detecting the shape of a tool installed on a main axis of a machine tool includes calculating specific vectors of the specific vectors at a plurality of points on the edge of the tool captured by a camera that captures the shape of the tool. The acquisition phase; the specific vector comparison phase, which compares: the first plurality of specific vectors acquired in the above-mentioned specific vector acquisition phase, and the second plurality of specific vectors acquired in the above-mentioned specific vector acquisition phase; and the tool shape judgment phase, When the comparison result in the above-mentioned specific vector comparison stage is that the values of the first plurality of specific vectors and the values of the above-mentioned second plurality of specific vectors are different from the predetermined critical value, the shape change of the above-mentioned tool is judged, and the above-mentioned specific vectors are determined. The vector is a normal vector or a tangent vector or relative to the above normal vector Line vectors are specific tilt vectors that are only tilted by a certain angle.
根據所記載的裝置或方法,可測量形狀未知之工具的形狀並可進行檢測工具的形狀之異常的工具形狀的檢測。 According to the described device or method, the shape of a tool with an unknown shape can be measured, and abnormal tool shape detection can be performed.
1:裝置 1:Device
2:工具機 2: Machine tools
11:主軸 11: Spindle
12:工具 12:Tools
13,13a:工具的邊緣 13,13a: Edge of tool
22:照相機 22:Camera
27:法線向量取得部 27: Normal vector acquisition part
29:法線向量比較部 29: Normal vector comparison part
31:工具形狀判斷部 31:Tool shape judgment part
33:邊緣形狀取得部 33: Edge shape acquisition part
35:工具形狀變化量取得部 35: Tool shape change amount acquisition part
[圖1]是表示檢測一實施形態之工具的形狀的裝置,及設有上述裝置的工具機的概略構成的圖。 [Fig. 1] is a diagram showing the schematic structure of a device for detecting the shape of a tool according to an embodiment and a machine tool equipped with the device.
[圖2]是表示檢測工具的形狀的裝置之概略構成的圖。 [Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the schematic structure of a device for detecting the shape of a tool.
[圖3]是表示藉檢測工具的形狀的裝置所獲得工具的邊緣與法線向量的圖。 [Fig. 3] is a diagram showing the edge and normal vector of a tool obtained by a device for detecting the shape of a tool.
[圖4]是圖3中,表示工具的邊緣的一部分與此法線向量的放大圖。 [Fig. 4] is an enlarged view showing a part of the edge of the tool and its normal vector in Fig. 3. [Fig.
[圖5]是表示使用前與使用後之工具的邊緣與法線向量的圖。 [Fig. 5] is a diagram showing the edge and normal vector of the tool before and after use.
[圖6]是表示在圖5表示的法線向量的成分的圖。 [Fig. 6] A diagram showing components of the normal vector shown in Fig. 5. [Fig.
[圖7]是圖5中,表示工具的邊緣的一部分與此法線向量的放大圖。 [Fig. 7] is an enlarged view showing a part of the edge of the tool and its normal vector in Fig. 5. [Fig.
[圖8]是表示檢測工具的形狀之裝置的動作的流程。 [Fig. 8] is a flowchart showing the operation of the device for detecting the shape of the tool.
參閱添附的圖示在以下說明數個例示性的實施形態。 Several exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to the attached figures.
檢測一實施形態相關的工具的形狀的裝置1(工具形狀異常檢測裝置)是例如圖1表示設置在工具機2使用。
A device 1 (tool shape abnormality detection device) for detecting the shape of a tool according to an embodiment is provided and used in a
工具機2在機床18的上面具有工作台16、門形柱10,在門形柱10的橫樑8透過座架6支撐主軸頭4。在主軸頭4支撐主軸11。
The
在此,為方便說明起見設水平預定的一方向為X方向(X軸方向),設相對於X方向正交的水平預定的另一方向為Y方向(Y軸方向),並設相對於X方向與Y方向正交的上下方向為Z方向(Z軸方向)。 Here, for convenience of explanation, let a predetermined horizontal direction be the X direction (X-axis direction), let the other predetermined horizontal direction orthogonal to the X direction be a Y direction (Y-axis direction), and let the The up-and-down direction in which the X direction and the Y direction are orthogonal is the Z direction (Z-axis direction).
工作台16是可相對於機床18在X軸方向移動。座架6是可沿著橫樑8在Y軸方向移動。主軸頭4是可相對於座架6在Z軸方向移動。
The
移動該等的3軸,藉此使工具(例如端銑刀)12以3維地相對於載放在工作台16的工件14移動,可進行工件14的加工。在工作台16的端部設有檢測工具的形狀的裝置1。控制裝置20是連接於工具機2與檢測工具的形狀的裝置1,可控制工具機2與檢測工具的形狀的裝置1。並且,控制裝置20具備未圖示的CPU與記憶體。
By moving these three axes, the tool (such as an end mill) 12 moves three-dimensionally relative to the
圖2是表示以檢測工具的形狀的裝置1測量工具12的形狀的圖。藉先前表示的3軸將工具12移動至圖2表示的位置,測量工具12的形狀。檢測工具的形狀的裝置1包括:照相機22、照明裝置24,如在圖2表示工具12是以位在照相機22與照明裝置24之間的狀態測量工具12的形狀。將來自照明裝置24的光從工具12的後方照射進行影像攝影,因
此可以工具12的形狀作為影子進行攝影。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the measurement of the shape of the
照相機22具備高速快門,工具12即使在以數千旋轉/分鐘的旋轉中仍可進行如靜止影像的攝影。並且也可在照相機22安裝變焦鏡頭,以控制裝置20進行放大率的控制。在主軸11具備未圖示的旋轉角度感測器,可以控制裝置20進行轉數與旋轉角度之定位等的控制。
The
在工具12以1萬旋轉/分鐘以上的轉數旋轉的場合,僅以高速快門進行的對應困難。此時使照明裝置24帶有閃光功能。使用數μsec的短的發光時間的閃光燈時,即使是旋轉中的工具12也可進行形狀測量。並且,工具12的最大轉數是可設定為12萬旋轉/分鐘左右。
When the
工具12是例如在以切削加工形成模具的芯或空腔的表面時使用。上述切削加工是將模具的芯或空腔的表面進行最後精加工之用,藉上述切削加工,使模具的芯或空腔的表面成為鏡面。端銑刀12的外徑是例如1mm左右,進行切削加工時的端銑刀12的轉數為6萬旋轉/分鐘左右。
The
但是,將著工具12的攝影,獲得端銑刀12之最大外形的靜止影像。此最大外形之處為端銑刀12的切削刃,切削刃的形狀賦予對工具14之加工面形狀的影響。又,針對工具12的攝影的詳細是表示於國際公開2020/090844號公報。
However, by photographing the
採用國際公開2020/090844號公報表示的工具形狀測量裝置,作為檢測工具的形狀的裝置1。檢測工具的形狀的裝置1是檢測設置在工具機(例如超精密加工機)2的主軸
11的工具(例如旋轉的端銑刀等的切削工具)12的形狀。
As the
裝置1是如圖2表示,具備控制部25與進行工具12的形狀的攝影的照相機(數位照相機)22。控制部25是例如控制裝置20的一部分,但是控制部25也可以是與控制裝置20各別地設置。
As shown in FIG. 2 , the
裝置1是檢測設置在工具機(精密加工機)2之主軸11的工具12的形狀的裝置。設置在工具機2的主軸11的工具12是以預定的中心軸C1為中心旋轉。並且,使工具12一邊旋轉一邊進行工件14的切削加工。
The
又,裝置1是如圖2表示,具備:法線向量取得部(特定向量取得部)27與法線向量比較部(特定向量比較部)29與工具形狀判斷部31。
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2 , the
法線向量取得部27是在以照相機22攝影的工具12的邊緣(相當於切削刃的前端的外圍的部位;最大外形的緣)13上的複數個點,算出該等的法線向量。工具12的邊緣13上的複數個點是在圖3、圖4等以參照符號Pn-1、Pn、Pn+1、Pn+2表示。複數的法線向量是在圖3、圖4等以參照符號VPn-1、VPn、VPn+1、VPn+2...表示。並且,工具12的邊緣13是藉邊緣形狀取得部33算出。
The normal
工具12的邊緣13上的複數個點是彼此例如間隔一定的極些微距離一序排列於邊緣13的延伸方向。上述一定的極些微距離是揭示照相機22的攝影元件的像素之間距程度的距離。上述一定的極些微距離是可形成比像素的間距稍微大。
A plurality of points on the
並且,也可算出相對於法線向量僅傾斜一定的角度的向量(特定傾斜向量)取代以法線向量取得部27算出法線向量。亦即,也可算出相對於法線向量以一定的角度交叉的向量。例如,也可以算出相對於法線向量正交的切線的向量(切線向量)。在此,設法線向量、特定傾斜向量、切線向量為特定向量。並且,也可以法線向量取得部算出工具12的邊緣13上的複數個點之各個邊緣13的切線的傾斜度,或法線的傾斜度。
Furthermore, instead of using the normal
法線向量比較部29是比較:藉法線向量取得部27在第1時間點所取得之第1的複數個法線向量,及同樣地在第2時間點所取得之第2的複數個法線向量。第1的複數個法線向量是例如藉工具12進行工件14之切削加工前的時間點的複數個法線向量,第2的複數個法線向量是例如藉工具12進行工件14之切削加工後的時間點的複數個法線向量。
The normal
工具形狀判斷部31是根據法線向量比較部29的比較的結果,在第1的複數個法線向量的值及第2的複數個法線向量的值,與預定的臨界值不同時,進行工具12的形狀變化的判斷。
The tool
在此,針對法線向量取得部27的法線向量VPn-1、VPn、VPn+1、VPn+2...的取得,一邊參閱圖4一邊揭示以法線向量VPn+1為例進一步詳細說明。 Here, regarding the acquisition of the normal vectors VP n-1 , VP n , VP n+1 , VP n +2 . 1 as an example to further elaborate.
首先,算出連結工具12的邊緣13上之彼此鄰接的2個點Pn與Pn+1的線量LAn。並且,算出連結工具12的邊緣13上之彼此鄰接的2個點Pn+1與Pn+2的線量LAn+1。接著,與線量
LAn的交叉角度為αn+1,與線量LAn的交叉角度為βn+1,算出以點Pn+1為起點的法線向量VPn+1。法線向量VPn+1是朝向工具12的中心側(旋轉中心軸C1側)。並且,交叉角度為αn+1與交叉角度為βn+1是彼此相等。
First, the line amount LA n of two adjacent points P n and P n+1 on the
其他的法線向量也是與法線向量VPn+1同樣地算出。並且,複數個法線向量VPn-1、VPn、VPn+1、VPn+2...是彼此的絕對值(標量)相等。複數個法線向量VPn-1、VPn、VPn+1、VPn+2...是例如為單位向量。 The other normal vectors are also calculated in the same manner as the normal vector VP n+1 . Furthermore, the plural normal vectors VP n-1 , VP n , VP n+1 , VP n+2 ... are equal in absolute value (scalar) to each other. The plural normal vectors VP n-1 , VP n , VP n+1 , VP n+2 ... are, for example, unit vectors.
並且,藉著最小二乘法,從複數個點(點Pn等),也可取代線量LAn等,算出半直線,算出法線向量VPn等。亦即,圖4中,取代線量LAn+1,算出從點Pn+2朝斜向上方(點Pn+1側)延伸的第1個的半直線。此半直線是從複數個點(例如2個點Pn+1、Pn)以最小二乘法算出。同樣地,算出從Pn+2朝斜向下方(點Pn+3側)延伸的第2個的半直線。接著,與第1個的半直線交叉的角度為αn+2,與第2個的半直線交叉的角度為βn+2,算出以點Pn+2為起點的法線向量VPn+2。並且,交叉角度αn+2與交叉角度βn+2為彼此相等。其他的法線向量也是使用半直線同樣地算出。
Furthermore, by using the least squares method, a half-line , a normal vector VP n, etc. can be calculated from a plurality of points (points P n, etc.) instead of the line quantities LA n , etc. That is, in FIG. 4 , instead of the line amount LA n+1 , the first half straight line extending obliquely upward (to the point P n+1 side) from the point P n+2 is calculated. This half-line is calculated from a plurality of points (for example, two points P n+1 and P n ) using the least squares method. Similarly, the second half straight line extending obliquely downward (to the point P n+3 side) from
接著,針對以法線向量比較部29的第1的複數個法線向量與第2的複數個法線向量的比較,一邊參閱圖5、圖6一邊進一步詳細說明。圖5表示的實線是表示第1的複數個法線向量相關的工具(使用前的工具)12的邊緣13。圖5表示的虛線是表示第2的複數個法線向量相關的工具(使用後的工具)12的邊緣13a。並且,圖5中,虛線13a的一部分是
從實線13遠離,虛線13a的其他部位是與實線13重疊。
Next, the comparison between the first plurality of normal vectors and the second plurality of normal vectors by the normal
第1的複數個法線向量是以參照符號VPn、VPn+1、VPn+2、VPn+3、VPn+4...表示,第2的複數個法線向量是以參照符號VQn、VQn+1、VQn+2、VQn+3、VQn+4...表示。第2的複數個法線向量VQn、VQn+1、VQn+2、VQn+3、VQn+4...是與第1的法線向量同樣地算出,並且,與第1的法線向量同樣例如為單位向量。 The first plural normal vectors are represented by reference symbols VP n , VP n+1 , VP n+2 , VP n+3 , VP n+4 ..., and the second plural normal vectors are represented by reference symbols VP n , VP n+1 , VP n+2 , VP n+3 , VP n+4 ... Symbols VQ n , VQ n+1 , VQ n+2 , VQ n+3 , VQ n+4 ... represent. The second plural normal vectors VQ n , VQ n+1 , VQ n+2 , VQ n+3 , VQ n+4 ... are calculated in the same way as the first normal vectors, and are calculated similarly to the first normal vectors. The normal vector of is also a unit vector.
圖6表示第1的複數個法線向量VPn、VPn+1、VPn+2、VPn+3、VPn+4...各個的成分,及第2的複數個法線向量VQn、VQn+1、VQn+2、VQn+3、VQn+4...各個的成分。 Figure 6 shows the components of each of the first plural normal vectors VP n , VP n+1 , VP n+2 , VP n+3 , VP n+4 ..., and the second plural normal vectors VQ n , VQ n+1 , VQ n+2 , VQ n+3 , VQ n+4 ...each component.
例如,法線向量VPn+1的成分是以(Pan+1、Pbn+1)表示,法線向量VQn+1的成分是以(Qan+1、Qbn+1)表示。 For example, the components of the normal vector VP n+1 are represented by (Pa n+1 , Pb n+1 ), and the components of the normal vector VQ n+1 are represented by (Qan +1 , Qb n+1 ).
法線向量比較部29是比較Pan+1/Pbn+1的值(法線向量的方向)與Qan+1/Qbn+1的值。又,法線向量比較部29也針對其他的法線向量,進行同樣的比較。例如,比較Pan/Pbn的值與Qan/Qbn的值,並且,比較Pan+2/Pbn+2的值與Qan+2/Qbn+2的值。
The normal
上述比較的結果,圖5表示的點Pn+1的法線向量VPn+1的值(Pan+1/Pbn+1)與點Qn+1的法線向量VQn+1的值(Qan+1/Qbn+1)為彼此一致。亦即,點Pn+1的法線向量VPn+1的值(Pan+1/Pbn+1)與點Qn+1的法線向量VQn+1的值(Qan+1/Qbn+1)的差比預定的臨界值小。 As a result of the above comparison, the value of the normal vector VP n+1 of the point P n+1 (Pa n+1 /Pb n+1 ) shown in Figure 5 and the value of the normal vector VQ n+1 of the point Q n+ 1 The values (Qa n+1 /Qb n+1 ) are consistent with each other. That is, the value of the normal vector VP n +1 of the point P n+1 (Pa n+1 /Pb n+1 ) and the value of the normal vector VQ n+1 of the point Q n+1 (Qa n+1 /Qb n+1 ) is smaller than the predetermined critical value.
另一方面,點Pn+2的法線向量VPn+2的值(Pan+2/Pbn+2)與點Qn+2的法線向量VQn+2的值(Qan+2/Qbn+2)為彼此不同。 亦即,法線向量VPn+2的值(Pan+2/Pbn+2)與點Qn+2的法線向量VQn+2的值(Qan+2/Qbn+2)的差比預定的臨界值大。 On the other hand, the value of the normal vector VP n +2 of the point P n+2 (Pa n+2 /Pb n+2 ) and the value of the normal vector VQ n+2 of the point Q n+ 2 (Qa n+ 2 /Qb n+2 ) are different from each other. That is, the value of the normal vector VP n+2 (Pa n+2 /Pb n+2 ) and the value of the normal vector VQ n+2 of the point Q n+2 (Qa n+2 /Qb n+2 ) The difference is greater than the predetermined critical value.
進行同樣的比較時,法線向量VPn+3的值與法線向量VQn+3的值彼此不同,法線向量VPn+4的值與法線向量VQn+4的值彼此不同。並且,法線向量VPn+5的值與法線向量VQn+5的值彼此不同,法線向量VPn+6的值與法線向量VQn+6的值彼此一致。 When the same comparison is made, the value of the normal vector VP n+3 and the value of the normal vector VQ n+3 are different from each other, and the value of the normal vector VP n+4 and the value of the normal vector VQ n+4 are different from each other. Furthermore, the value of the normal vector VP n+5 and the value of the normal vector VQ n+5 are different from each other, and the value of the normal vector VP n+6 and the value of the normal vector VQ n+6 are consistent with each other.
並且,工具形狀判斷部31是在點Pn-2(點Qn+2)~點Pn+5(點Qn+5)的部位,進行工具12之形狀變化的判斷。
Furthermore, the tool
接著,針對工具12的磨損量的檢測說明。
Next, detection of the wear amount of the
如上述,以法線向量取得部27取得的第1的複數個法線向量為工具12之使用前的法線向量。又,裝置1具備邊緣形狀取得部33與工具形狀變化量取得部35。
As described above, the first plurality of normal vectors acquired by the normal
邊緣形狀取得部33是在工具12的使用後,以照相機22攝影工具12算出工具12的邊緣13。並且,法線向量取得部27是如上述,使用以邊緣形狀取得部33取得的工具12的邊緣13上的複數個點與邊緣13,算出法線向量。
The edge
工具形狀變化量取得部35是使用以法線向量取得部27算出的第1的複數個法線向量,及以邊緣形狀取得部33算出之工具12的邊緣13,算出相對於使用前的工具12的形狀之使用後的工具12的形狀的變化量。並且,作為工具12的形狀的變化量,可揭示工具12的磨損量、工具12之缺損部的缺損量。
The tool shape change
在此,藉工具形狀變化量取得部35針對算出工具12的
形狀的變化量一邊參閱圖7進一步詳細說明。
Here, the tool shape change
揭示以點Pn+2為例說明工具12的形狀之變化量的算法。首先,算出Pn+2的法線向量VPn+2。接著,算出通過Pn+2傾斜度與法線向量VPn+2一致的直線(包括以點Pn+2為起點的法線向量VPn+2的直線的方程式)。
An algorithm for explaining the change amount of the shape of the
接著,算出上述直線及與邊緣13a的交點Qm+2,算出連結點Pn+2與交點Qm+2的線量Ln+2的長度。此線量Ln+2的長度的值即為點Pn+2處之工具12的形狀的變化量。同樣地,針對點Pn+3等其他的點,也算出工具12的形狀的變化量。
Next, the straight line and the intersection point Q m+2 with the
接著,針對檢測工具的形狀的裝置1的動作一邊參閱圖8一邊進行說明。
Next, the operation of the
在初期狀態,旋轉工具12,如圖2表示,可以裝置1測量工具12的形狀。
In the initial state, the rotating
在上述初期狀態,控制裝置20(控制部25)的控制之下,以照相機22攝影使用前的工具12(S1),藉法線向量取得部27算出在步驟S1攝影的工具12的法線向量(S3)。
In the above initial state, under the control of the control device 20 (control unit 25), the
接著,使用工具12對工件14施以預定的切削加工(S5),並以照相機22攝影進行在步驟S5之使用後的工具12(S7)。
Next, the
接著,藉邊緣形狀取得部33,算出在步驟S7攝影的工具12的邊緣13,藉法線向量取得部27,算出在步驟S7攝影的工具12之工具12的法線向量(S9)。
Next, the edge
接著,在步驟S3算出之工具12的法線向量,及在步驟S9算出之工具12的法線向量,藉法線向量比較部29進行比
較(S11)。接著,藉著在步驟S11的比較結果,以工具形狀判斷部31判斷是否有工具12的形狀變化(S13)。
Next, the normal vector of the
接著,藉著在步驟S3算出的工具12的法線向量,及在步驟S9算出之工具12的邊緣,以工具形狀變化量取得部35算出工具12的形狀的變化量(S15)。
Next, using the normal vector of the
檢測工具的形狀的裝置1是藉法線向量取得部27以工具12的邊緣13上的複數個點,算出該等的法線向量,並以法線向量比較部29比較第1的複數個法線向量與第2的複數個法線向量。並且,第1的複數個法線向量的值與第2的複數個法線向量的值與預定的臨界值不同時,以工具形狀判斷部31進行工具12之形狀變化的判斷。
The
藉此,可測量形狀未知之工具12的形狀並檢測工具12的形狀的異常。另外,比較法線向量,判斷是否有使用前後之工具12的形狀的變化,因此與僅攝影使用之前後的工具12比較工具12的形狀的場合比較,可正確地檢測工具12之形狀的變化。
Thereby, the shape of the
但是,上述裝置1為檢測設置在工具機的主軸之工具的形狀的裝置,該裝置,也可具有:攝影上述工具的形狀的照相機;在上述工具的使用前,以上述照相機攝影上述工具並以上述工具的邊緣上的複數個點,算出法線向量的法線向量取得部;在上述工具的使用後,以上述照相機攝影上述工具並算出上述工具的邊緣的邊緣形狀取得部;以上述法線向量取得部算出的法線向量;及使用以上述邊緣形狀取得部算出之上述工具的邊緣,算出相對於上述使用
前的工具之形狀的上述使用後的工具的形狀的變化量的工具形狀變化量取得部加以掌握。
However, the above-described
此裝置1是藉法線向量取得部27,以使用前之工具12的邊緣13上的複數個點算出法線向量,以邊緣形狀取得部33算出使用後之工具12的邊緣13a。並且,使用以法線向量取得部27算出的法線向量和以邊緣形狀取得部33算出的工具12的邊緣13a,藉工具形狀變化量取得部35算出相對於使用前的工具12之形狀的使用後的工具12的形狀的變化量。
This
藉此,可正確地檢測因使用致缺損或磨損量及磨損等產生之工具12的部位。
Thereby, the parts of the
又,上述裝置1為檢測設置在工具機的主軸之工具的形狀的裝置,該裝置,也可具有:攝影上述工具的形狀的照相機;在上述工具的使用前,以上述照相機攝影上述工具並算出上述工具的邊緣的邊緣形狀取得部;在上述工具的使用後,以上述照相機攝影上述工具並以上述工具的邊緣上的複數個點,算出法線向量的法線向量取得部;以上述法線向量取得部算出的法線向量;使用以上述邊緣形狀取得部算出之上述工具的邊緣,算出相對於上述使用前的工具之形狀的上述使用後的工具的形狀的變化量的工具形狀變化量取得部加以掌握。
Furthermore, the above-mentioned
又,以上述的記載內容作為檢測工具的形狀的方法加以掌握。 In addition, the above description is used as a method for detecting the shape of the tool.
亦即,檢測設置在工具機的主軸之工具的形狀的方 法,該方法,也可具有:以攝影上述工具的形狀的照相機攝影之工具的邊緣上的複數個點,算出該等的法線向量的法線向量取得階段;比較以上述法線向量取得階段取得之第1的複數個法線向量,及以上述法線向量取得階段接著取得之第2的複數個法線向量的法線向量比較階段;及以上述法線向量比較階段的比較的結果,在上述第1的複數個法線向量的值及上述第2的複數個法線向量的值與預定的臨界值不同時,進行上述工具的形狀變化的判斷的工具形狀判斷階段加以掌握。 That is, the direction of the shape of the tool installed on the spindle of the machine tool is detected. Method, this method may also include: a normal vector acquisition stage of calculating the normal vectors of a plurality of points on the edge of the tool photographed by a camera that photographs the shape of the tool; and a comparison of the normal vector acquisition stages. The first plural normal vectors obtained, and the normal vector comparison stage followed by the normal vector obtaining stage to obtain the second plural normal vectors; and the comparison result of the normal vector comparison stage, When the values of the first plurality of normal vectors and the values of the second plurality of normal vectors are different from predetermined critical values, a tool shape determination stage is performed to determine the shape change of the tool.
並且,也可掌握檢測請求項5記載的工具的形狀的方法,該方法,具有:以上述法線向量取得階段取得之第1的複數個法線向量為上述工具的使用前的法線向量,在上述工具的使用後,以上述照相機攝影上述工具並算出上述工具的邊緣上的邊緣形狀取得階段;使用以上述法線向量取得階段算出的第1的複數個法線向量,及以上述邊緣形狀取得階段算出之上述工具的邊緣,算出相對於上述使用前的工具之形狀的上述使用後的工具的形狀的變化量的工具形狀變化量取得階段。
Furthermore, a method for detecting the shape of the tool described in
雖已說明數個實施形態,但根據上述揭示內容可進行實施形態的修正乃至於變形。 Although several embodiments have been described, modifications and even transformations of the embodiments can be made based on the above disclosure.
1:裝置 1:Device
4:主軸頭 4:Spindle head
11:主軸 11: Spindle
12:工具 12:Tools
16:座架 16:Seat frame
22:照相機 22:Camera
24:照明裝置 24:Lighting device
25:控制部 25:Control Department
27:法線向量取得部 27: Normal vector acquisition part
29:法線向量比較部 29: Normal vector comparison part
31:工具形狀判斷部 31:Tool shape judgment part
33:邊緣形狀取得部 33: Edge shape acquisition part
35:工具形狀變化量取得部 35: Tool shape change amount acquisition part
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JP2022-019293 | 2022-02-10 |
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GB0229459D0 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2003-01-22 | Renishaw Plc | Tool analysis device and method |
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US5189626A (en) * | 1991-03-27 | 1993-02-23 | Caterpillar Inc. | Automatic generation of a set of contiguous surface patches on a computer modeled solid |
TW201250509A (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-12-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Shape measuring method |
US20200320785A1 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-08 | Autodesk, Inc. | Producing overall curvature continuous surfaces from subdivision surface meshes |
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