TWI812754B - Apparatus and method of non-iterative singular-value decomposition - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and apparatus of non-iterative singular-value decomposition (SVD). The method includes receiving, by receiver, a signal; determining, by a channel matrix generator connected to the receiver, a channel matrix for the received signal; reducing, by a singular-value decomposer connected to the channel matrix generator, the dimension of the channel matrix; performing, by the singular-value decomposer, an SVD on the dimension-reduced channel matrix to determine singular vectors and corresponding coefficients that maximize singular values of the singular vectors; and outputting a result of the SVD based on at least one of when the dimension of the dimension-reduced channel matrix is less than or equal to 2 and when two greatest singular values of corresponding singular vectors are determined.

Description

Device and method for non-iterative singular value decomposition [Cross-reference to related applications]

This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 16/399,298 filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) on April 30, 2019, and claims priority on March 15, 2019. A continuation-in-part application of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/819,172 filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the entire contents of each of said U.S. Patent Application and U.S. Provisional Patent Application being incorporated herein by reference. .

The present disclosure generally relates to an apparatus and method for performing non-iterative singular value decomposition (SVD), and more specifically, to an apparatus and method for non-iterative singular value decomposition (SVD) for beamforming.

The beamforming feedback block provides the medium access controller (MAC) with the compressed beamforming matrix required to support beamforming feedback and specific data subcarriers/subcarriers. The signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) estimation of the wave group, such as in the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards (which includes the IEEE 802.11n standard, IEEE 802.11ac Standard and IEEE 802.11ax standard) for both single-user multiple-input-multiple-output (SU-MIMO) and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). In a Givens rotation (i.e., a rotation in the plane spanned by two coordinate axes) or a Householder transformation (i.e., described with respect to a plane or hyperplane containing the origin) After the linear transformation of the reflection), a min(Ntx,Nrx)×min(Ntx,Nrx) singular value decomposition (SVD) operation is required to obtain the compressed beamforming matrix, where min() is the minimum of the coefficients involved A function of the value, Ntx is the number of transmit antennas, and Nrx is the number of receive antennas. When the dimensions of the SVD are larger than 2, processing becomes challenging and may require an iterative process.

According to an embodiment, a method for non-iterative singular value decomposition in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes: receiving a signal by a receiver; determining a channel matrix for the received signal by a channel matrix generator connected to the receiver; reducing the channel by a singular value decomposer connected to the channel matrix generator. the dimensions of the matrix; performing singular value decomposition on the reduced-dimensional channel matrix by the singular value decomposer to determine singular vectors and corresponding coefficients that maximize the singular values of the singular vectors; and based on the following to output the singular values of at least one of Decomposition results: when the dimension of the reduced-dimensional channel matrix is less than or equal to 2, and when the two largest singular values of the corresponding singular vectors are determined.

According to an embodiment, an apparatus for performing non-iterative singular value decomposition in a wireless communication system is provided. The device includes: a receiver configured to receive a signal; a channel matrix generator connected to the receiver and configured to determine a channel matrix for the received signal; and a singular value decomposer connected to the channel a matrix generator and configured to reduce the dimension of the channel matrix; perform singular value decomposition on the reduced dimension of the channel matrix to determine singular vectors and corresponding coefficients that maximize singular values of the singular vectors; and outputting the result of the singular value decomposition based on at least one of the following: when the dimension of the reduced-dimensional channel matrix is less than or equal to 2, and when two maximum singularities of the corresponding singular vectors are determined value time.

101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111: steps

200:Device

201:Receiver

203: Channel matrix generator

205: Singular Value Decomposer

300:Network environment

301: Electronic devices

302:External electronic devices

304:External electronic devices

308:Server/External Server

320: Processor

321: Main processor

323: Auxiliary processor

330:Memory

332: Volatile memory

334:Non-volatile memory

336: Internal memory

338:External memory

340:Program

342:Operating system

344: Intermediary software

346:Application

350:Input device

355: Sound output device

360:Display device

370: Audio module

376: Sensor module

377:Interface

378:Connection terminal

379:Touch module

380:Camera module

388:Power management module

389:Battery

390:Communication module

392:Wireless communication module

394:Wired communication module

396:User identification module

397:Antenna module

397-1:MST Antenna/Antenna

397-3:NFC antenna/antenna

397-5:Wireless charging antenna/antenna

398:First Network

399:Second Network/Network

401:Application Manager

403:Window manager

405:Multimedia Manager

407: Resource Manager

409:Power Manager

411: Database Manager

413:Package Manager

415:Connection Line Manager

417:Notification Manager

419:Location Manager

421:Graphic Manager

423:Security Manager

425:Phone Manager

427: Speech Recognition Manager

451:Home page application

453:Dialer application

455: Short message service/multimedia messaging service application

457:Instant messaging applications

459: Browser application

461:Camera application

463:Alarm application

465:Contact application

467: Speech recognition application

469:Email application

471:Calendar application

473:Media player application

475:Photo album application

477:Watch Application

479:Health Applications

481:Environmental information application

510: Magnetic safe transmission communication module

530: Near field communication module

550:Wireless charging module

The above and other aspects, features and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a non-iterative SVD method according to an embodiment.

Figure 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for non-iterative SVD, according to an embodiment.

3 is a block diagram of an electronic device in a network environment according to an embodiment.

Figure 4 is a block diagram of a program according to an embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a wireless communication module, a power management module and an antenna module of an electronic device according to an embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure are explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that identical elements will be designated by the same reference numbers even though they are shown in different figures. In the following description, specific details such as detailed configurations and components are provided only to help comprehensively understand the embodiments of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, for the sake of clarity and conciseness, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted. The terms described below are terms defined taking into account the functions in this disclosure, and may differ according to the user, the user's intention or habits. Therefore, the definitions of these terms should be determined based on the contents of this specification.

The present disclosure may have various modifications and various embodiments, some of which are explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives within the scope of the disclosure.

Although terms including ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," and the like may be used to describe various elements, structural elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish between various components. For example, a "first structural element" may be referred to as a "second structural element" without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Similarly, a "second structural element" may also be referred to as a "first structural element". As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated items.

The terminology used herein is for describing various embodiments of the present disclosure only. It is not intended to limit this disclosure. The singular forms are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this disclosure, it should be understood that the words "include" or "have" indicate the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, structural element, component, or combination thereof without excluding one or more other features. , the existence or possibility of addition of digits, steps, operations, structural elements, parts or combinations thereof.

Unless defined differently, all terms used herein have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be construed to have the same meaning as the contextual meaning in the relevant technical field, and should not be construed as idealistic or excessive unless clearly defined in the present disclosure. formal meaning.

The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for performing non-iterative SVD. As an example, this disclosure applies non-iterative SVD to beamforming. However, the present disclosure is not limited to applying non-iterative SVD to beamforming, but may apply non-iterative SVD to any application to which non-iterative SVD can be applied.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a non-iterative SVD method in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.

Referring to Figure 1, at 101, the system receives a signal.

At 103, the system determines a channel matrix for the received signal, where the dimension of the channel matrix is Nrx×Ntx, where Nrx is an integer representing the number of receiving antennas, and Ntx is an integer representing the number of transmitting antennas.

At 105, the system reduces the dimension of the channel matrix to min(Ntx, Nrx)×min(Ntx, Nrx).

At 107, the system performs SVD on the reduced dimension channel matrix to determine singular vectors and corresponding coefficients that maximize the singular values of the singular vectors.

At 109, if one of the following occurs, the system outputs the result of SVD: the dimension of the reduced-dimensional channel matrix is less than or equal to 2, and the two largest singular values of the corresponding singular vectors are determined. Otherwise, proceed to 111.

At 111, the system subtracts the singular vectors from the reduced dimension channel matrix to reduce the rank of the channel matrix and returns to 107 for further processing.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus 200 for non-iterative SVD in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the device 200 includes a receiver 201 , a channel matrix generator 203 and a singular value decomposer 205 .

The receiver 201 includes an input terminal for receiving signals and an output terminal.

The channel matrix generator 203 includes an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the receiver, and an output terminal. The channel matrix generator 203 determines a channel matrix for the received signal, where the dimension of the channel matrix is Nrx×Ntx, where Nrx is an integer representing the number of receiving antennas, and Ntx is an integer representing the number of transmitting antennas.

The singular value decomposer 205 includes an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the channel matrix generator 203, and an output terminal. The singular value decomposer 205 reduces the dimension of the channel matrix to min(Ntx, Nrx)×min(Ntx, Nrx), and performs SVD on the reduced dimension channel matrix to determine the singular vectors and the method that maximizes the singular values of the singular vectors. corresponding coefficient. If the dimension of the reduced-dimensional channel matrix is less than or equal to 2 or the two largest singular values of the corresponding singular vectors are determined, the result of SVD is output. Otherwise, If the dimension of the reduced-dimensional channel matrix is greater than 2, then the singular vectors are subtracted from the reduced-dimensional channel matrix to reduce the rank of the channel matrix and the result is further processed until the dimension of the reduced-dimensional channel matrix is less than or until equal to 2.

Figure 3 is a block diagram of electronic device 301 in network environment 300 according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the electronic device 301 in the network environment 300 can communicate with the external electronic device 302 through a first network 398 (for example, a short-distance wireless communication network), or through a second network 399 (for example, a long-distance wireless communication network). wireless communication network) to communicate with the external electronic device 304 or the server 308. According to an embodiment, the electronic device 301 may communicate with the external electronic device 304 through the server 308 . The electronic device 301 may include a processor 320, a memory 330, an input device 350, a sound output device 355, a display device 360, an audio module 370, a sensor module 376, an interface 377, and a haptic module 379 , camera module 380, power management module 388, battery 389, communication module 390, subscriber identification module (SIM) 396 or antenna module 397. In embodiments, at least one of these components (eg, display device 360 or camera module 380 ) may be omitted from electronic device 301 , or one or more other components may be added to electronic device 301 . In embodiments, some of the elements described may be implemented as a single integrated circuit (IC). For example, the sensor module 376 (such as a fingerprint sensor, an iris sensor, or an illuminance sensor) may be embedded in the display device 360 (such as a display) middle.

The processor 320 may execute, for example, software (eg, the program 340) to control at least one other element (eg, a hardware element or a software element) of the electronic device 301 coupled to the processor 320, and may perform various data processing or calculations. According to embodiments, as at least part of data processing or computation, processor 320 may load commands or data received from another component (eg, sensor module 376 or communication module 390 ) in volatile memory 332 , process commands or data stored in volatile memory 332 , and store the resulting data in non-volatile memory 334 . According to embodiments, the processor 320 may include a main processor 321 (eg, a central processing unit (CPU) or an application processor (AP)) and be capable of operating independently of the main processor 321 or in conjunction with the main processor 321 . The processor 321 operates in conjunction with an auxiliary processor 323 (for example, a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a sensor hub processor (sensor hub processor), or a communications processor). (communication processor, CP)). Additionally or alternatively, the secondary processor may be adapted to consume less power or perform specific functions than primary processor 321 . The secondary processor 323 may be implemented separately from the main processor 321 or as part of the main processor 321 .

When the main processor 321 is in an inactive (eg, sleep) state, the auxiliary processor 323 may replace the main processor 321 to control at least one element related to the components of the electronic device 301 (eg, the display device 360, the sensor). at least some of the functions or states related to the detector module 376 or the communication module 390); or when the main processor 321 is in an active state (e.g., while executing an application), The auxiliary processor 323 may, together with the main processor 321, control at least one of the functions or states related to at least one of the components of the electronic device 301 (eg, the display device 360, the sensor module 376, or the communication module 390). some function or state. According to embodiments, the auxiliary processor 323 (eg, an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as another component functionally related to the auxiliary processor 323 (eg, a camera module 380 or a communication module 390). a part of.

Memory 330 may store various data used by at least one component of electronic device 301 (eg, processor 320 or sensor module 376). The various data may include, for example, software (eg, program 340) and input data or output data for commands related to the software. Memory 330 may include volatile memory 332 or non-volatile memory 334.

Program 340 may be stored as software in memory 330 and may include, for example, an operating system (OS) 342, middleware 344, or application 346.

Input device 350 may receive commands or information from outside electronic device 301 (eg, a user) to be used by other components of electronic device 301 (eg, processor 320). Input device 350 may include, for example, a microphone, mouse, or keyboard.

The sound output device 355 can output the sound signal to the outside of the electronic device 301 . Sound output device 355 may include, for example, a speaker or receiver. The speaker can be used for general purposes (for example, playing multimedia or recording), and the receiver can be used to receive incoming calls. Depending on the embodiment, the receiver may be implemented separately from the speaker or as part of the speaker.

Display device 360 may provide information visually to the outside of electronic device 301 (eg, a user). Display device 360 may include, for example, a display, a hologram device, or a projector and control circuitry for controlling a corresponding one of the display, hologram device, and projector. According to embodiments, display device 360 may include touch circuitry adapted to detect a touch, or sensor circuitry (eg, a pressure sensor) adapted to measure the intensity of force induced by a touch.

The audio module 370 can convert sounds into electrical signals and electrical signals into sounds. According to embodiments, the audio module 370 may obtain sound through the input device 350, or through the sound output device 355, or through an external electronic device (eg, an external electronic device) coupled directly (eg, in a wired manner) or wirelessly coupled to the electronic device 301. The headphone of device 302) is used to output sound.

The sensor module 376 can detect the operating status (eg, power or temperature) of the electronic device 301 or the environmental status (eg, user status) outside the electronic device 301, and then generate an electrical signal corresponding to the detected status or data value. According to embodiments, the sensor module 376 may include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, or a magnetic sensor. , acceleration sensor (acceleration sensor), grip sensor (grip sensor), proximity sensor (proximity sensor), color sensor (color sensor), infrared (infrared, IR) sensor, biometrics Sensor (biometric sensor), temperature sensor (temperature sensor), humidity sensor (humidity sensor) or brightness sensor.

Interface 377 may support direct (e.g., wired) or wireless One or more prescribed protocols to be used by electronic device 301 coupled to external electronic device (eg, external electronic device 302). According to embodiments, the interface 377 may include, for example, a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a secure digital (SD) card interface, or an audio interface.

The connection terminal 378 may include a connector through which the electronic device 301 may be physically connected to an external electronic device (eg, the external electronic device 302 ). According to embodiments, the connection terminal 378 may include, for example, an HDMI connection, a USB connection, an SD card connection, or an audio connection (eg, a headphone connection).

The haptic module 379 can convert electrical signals into mechanical stimulation (eg, vibration or movement) or electrical stimulation that can be recognized by the user through tactile sensation or kinesthetic sensation. According to embodiments, the haptic module 379 may include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electrical stimulator.

The camera module 380 can capture still images or moving images. According to embodiments, the camera module 380 may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flash memories.

The power management module 388 can manage the power supplied to the electronic device 301 . According to embodiments, the power management module 388 may be implemented as at least a portion of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC), for example.

Battery 389 can power at least one component of electronic device 301 . According to embodiments, battery 389 may include, for example, a non-rechargeable primary battery. cell), rechargeable secondary cell or fuel cell.

The communication module 390 can support the establishment of a direct (eg, wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device 301 and an external electronic device (eg, the external electronic device 302, the external electronic device 304, or the server 308), and Communication is performed via the established communication channel. Communications module 390 may include one or more communications processors that may operate independently of processor 320 (eg, an application processor (AP)) and support direct (eg, wired) communications or wireless communications. According to embodiments, the communication module 390 may include a wireless communication module 392 (eg, a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module. Group 394 (eg, local area network (LAN) communication module or power line communication (PLC) module). A corresponding communication module among these communication modules can directly pass through the first network 398 (for example, a short-range communication network such as Bluetooth™, wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) or Infrared Data Association (Infrared Data)). Association, IrDA) standard) or a second network 399 (e.g., a long-distance communication network such as a cellular network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., a LAN or wide area network (WAN))) with an external electronic devices for communication. These various types of communication modules may be implemented as a single component (eg, a single integrated circuit) or may be implemented as multiple components that are separate from each other (eg, multiple integrated circuits). The wireless communication module 392 may use the user information (eg, international mobile subscriber identity, IMSI) stored in the subscriber identification module 396 to identify and authenticate the communication network (eg, the first Electronic devices in network 398 or second network 399).

The antenna module 397 can transmit signals or power to or receive signals or power outside the electronic device 301 (eg, an external electronic device). According to embodiments, the antenna module 397 may include one or more antennas, and for example, the communication module 390 (eg, wireless communication module 392) may select from the one or more antennas suitable for use in a communication network (eg, wireless communication module 392). For example, at least one antenna of the communication scheme used in the first network 398 or the second network 399). Signals or power can then be transmitted or received between the communication module 390 and external electronic devices through the selected at least one antenna.

At least some of the above components may be coupled to each other and the at least some components may be connected via an inter-peripheral communication scheme (eg, bus, general purpose input and output (GPIO)). , serial peripheral interface (SPI) or mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)) to transmit signals (such as commands or data).

According to an embodiment, commands or data may be transmitted or received between electronic device 301 and external electronic device 304 through server 308 coupled to second network 399. Each of external electronic device 302 and external electronic device 304 may be the same type of device as electronic device 301 or a different type of device. According to embodiments, all or some operations to be performed at electronic device 301 may be performed at one or more of external electronic device 302, external electronic device 304, or server 308. For example, if electronic device 301 is supposed to automatically or respond to input from a user or another If a device requests to perform a function or service, then instead of or in addition to performing the function or service, the electronic device 301 may also request the one or more external electronic devices to perform the function or service. at least part of. The one or more external electronic devices that receive the request may perform at least a portion of the requested function or service, or perform additional functions or additional services related to the request, and transfer the performed The results are transmitted to electronics 301. Electronics 301 provides the results with or without further processing as at least part of a reply to the request. For this purpose, for example, cloud computing, distributed computing or client-server computing technologies may be used.

The electronic device according to the embodiment may be one of various types of electronic devices. Electronic devices may include, for example, portable communication devices (eg, smartphones), computers, portable multimedia devices, portable medical devices, cameras, wearable devices, or home appliances. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the electronic device is not limited to the above-mentioned electronic device.

The terms used in the disclosure are not intended to limit the disclosure, but are intended to include various changes, equivalents, or alternatives to the corresponding embodiments. For purposes of the description of the drawings, similar reference numbers may be used to refer to similar or related elements. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more things unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, for example, "A or B", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A or B", "A, B or C", "at least one of A, B, and C" One of the phrases "one" and "at least one of A, B, or C" may include all possible combinations of items enumerated with the corresponding one of the phrases. Terms such as "first, first" and "second" as used herein may be used to distinguish a corresponding element from another element and are not intended to differ in other respects (e.g., importance or order). ) to limit components. It is intended that if an element (eg, a first element) is referred to as being in contact with another element (eg, a second element), with or without the words "operably" or "communicatively" "coupled", "coupled to", "connected" to another element or "connected to" another element means that the element can be connected to another element directly (for example, by wires), wirelessly or through a third element. Another element is coupled.

As used herein, the term "module" may include units implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may be used interchangeably with other terms such as "logic," "logic block," "component," and "circuit." A module may be a single integrated element or the smallest unit or component of a single integrated element adapted to perform one or more functions. For example, according to embodiments, the module may be implemented in the form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

Embodiments may be implemented as software (eg, program 340 ) that includes one or more instructions stored in a storage medium (eg, internal memory 336 or external memory 338 ) readable by a machine (eg, electronic device 301 ). ). For example, a processor (eg, processor 320) of a machine (eg, electronic device 301) may recall all data stored in a storage medium with or without the use of one or more other components controlled by the processor. and execute at least one of the one or more instructions. Thus, the operable machine performs at least one function in accordance with the at least one instruction invoked. The one or more instructions may include compiled by Code generated by the interpreter or code executable by the interpreter. The machine-readable storage medium may be configured as a non-transitory storage medium. Among them, the term "non-transitory" means that the storage medium is a tangible device and does not include signals (for example, electromagnetic waves). However, this term does not distinguish between the situation where data is stored in the storage medium in a semi-permanent manner and the situation where the data is temporarily stored in the storage medium. situation.

According to embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure may be included in and provided in a computer program product. Computer program products may be traded as products between sellers and buyers. Computer program products may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM)) or online through an application store (e.g., Play StoreTM) (e.g., download or upload), or directly between two user devices (e.g., smartphones). If distributed online, a portion of the computer program product may be stored on a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., a manufacturer's server memory, application store server or relay server) or at least temporarily stored in the machine-readable storage medium.

According to embodiments, each of the above-described elements (eg, a module or a program) may include a single entity or multiple entities. Depending on the embodiment, one or more of the above-described elements may be omitted, or one or more other elements may be added. Alternatively or additionally, multiple components (eg, modules or programs) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, the integrated element may still perform all functions of each of the plurality of elements in the same or similar manner as the corresponding one of the plurality of elements performed one or more functions prior to integration. Describe one or more functions. according to Embodiments, operations performed by a module, program, or another element may be performed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be performed in a different order or be omitted. , or you can add one or more other actions.

Figure 4 is a block diagram of a routine 340, according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 4 , program 340 may include an operating system (OS) 342 for controlling one or more resources of electronic device 301 , middleware 344 , or an application 346 executable in OS 342 . The OS 342 may include, for example, Android®, iOS®, Windows®, Symbian®, Tizen® or BadaTM. For example, at least a portion of the program 340 may be preloaded on the electronic device 301 during manufacturing, or may be downloaded from an external electronic device (eg, external electronic device 302 or 304, or server 308 during use by the user). ) downloaded or updated by external electronic devices.

OS 342 may control the management (eg, allocation or deconfiguration) of one or more system resources (eg, processes, memory, or power) of electronic device 301 . Additionally or alternatively, OS 342 may include one or more driver programs to drive other hardware devices of electronic device 301 (e.g., input device 350, sound output device 355, display device 360, audio module 370, sensor detector module 376, interface 377, touch module 379, camera module 380, power management module 388, battery 389, communication module 390, user identification module 396 or antenna module 397).

The middleware 344 can provide various functions to the application 346 so that the application 346 can use functions or information provided from one or more resources of the electronic device 301 . The intermediary software 344 may include, for example, an application manager 401, a window manager 403, a multimedia Manager 405, Resource Manager 407, Power Manager 409, Database Manager 411, Package Manager 413, Connection Manager 415, Notification Manager 417, Location Manager 419, Graphics Manager 421, Security Management Manager 423, Phone Manager 425 or Speech Recognition Manager 427.

Application manager 401 may manage the life cycle of application 346, for example. The window manager 403 may, for example, manage one or more graphical user interface (GUI) resources used on the screen. The multimedia manager 405 may, for example, identify one or more formats that will be used to play the media files, and may use a transcoder suitable for a corresponding one selected from the one or more formats to perform processing on the corresponding one of the media files. Encode or decode. The resource manager 407 may, for example, manage the source code of the application 346 or the memory space of the memory 330 . The power manager 409 may, for example, manage the capacity, temperature or power of the battery 389 and determine or provide relevant information to be used for the operation of the electronic device 301 based at least in part on the corresponding information of the capacity, temperature or power of the battery 389 . According to an embodiment, the power manager 409 may interact with a basic input/output system (BIOS) of the electronic device 301 .

Database manager 411 may, for example, create, search, or alter databases to be used by applications 346. The package manager 413 may, for example, manage the installation or update of applications distributed in the form of package files. The connectivity manager 415 may, for example, manage wireless connections or direct connections between the electronic device 301 and external electronic devices. Notification manager 417 may, for example, provide functionality to notify users of the occurrence of specified events (eg, incoming calls, messages, or alerts). The location manager 419 may, for example, manage the location of the electronic device 301 Location information. Graphics manager 421 may, for example, manage one or more graphic effects to be provided to a user or a user interface related to the one or more graphic effects.

Security manager 423 may provide system security or user authentication, for example. Telephone manager 425 may manage, for example, voice call functionality or video call functionality provided by electronic device 301 . The voice recognition manager 427 may, for example, transmit the user's voice data to the server 308 and receive commands from the server 308 corresponding to functions to be performed on the electronic device 301 based at least in part on the voice data, or receive at least part of the Text data converted from voice data. According to embodiments, the intermediary software 344 may dynamically delete some existing components or add new components. Depending on the embodiment, at least a portion of the intermediary software 344 may be included as part of the OS 342 or may be implemented in other software separate from the OS 342 .

Applications 346 may include, for example, home application 451, dialer application 453, short message service (SMS)/multimedia messaging service (MMS) application 455, instant messaging ( instant message (IM) application 457, browser application 459, camera application 461, alarm application 463, contact application (contact application) 465, voice recognition application 467, email application 469, calendar application 471, media player application 473, photo Book application 475, watch application 477, health application 479 (for example, for measuring exercise level or biometric information (for example, blood sugar)) or environmental information application 481 (for example, for measuring barometric pressure, humidity or temperature information). According to embodiments, the application 346 may also include an information exchange application capable of supporting information exchange between the electronic device 301 and external electronic devices. Information exchange application examples For example, it may include a notification relay application adapted to transmit specified information (eg, a call, a message, or a warning) to an external electronic device, or a device management application adapted to manage external electronic devices. The notification relay application may transmit notification information corresponding to the occurrence of a specified event (eg, email reception) at another application of the electronic device 301 (eg, email application 469) to the external electronic device. Additionally or alternatively, the notification relay application may receive notification information from an external electronic device and provide the notification information to a user of electronic device 301 .

The device management application may control power (e.g., on or off) or functionality (e.g., brightness, resolution, or focus adjustment). Additionally or alternatively, the device management application may support installation, deletion, or updating of applications running on external electronic devices.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the wireless communication module 392, the power management module 388, and the antenna module 397 of the electronic device 301 according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the wireless communication module 392 may include a magnetic secure transmission (MST) communication module 510 or a near-field communication (NFC) module 530, and the power management module 388 may include a wireless Charging module 550. In this case, the antenna module 397 may include multiple antennas, including an MST antenna 397-1 connected to the MST communication module 510, an NFC antenna 397-3 connected to the NFC communication module 530, and Wireless charging antenna 397-5 connected to the wireless charging module 550. The description of the elements explained above with reference to FIG. 3 is only briefly explained here or is omitted.

The MST communication module 510 may receive a signal containing control information or payment information such as card (eg, credit card) information from the processor 320, generate a magnetic signal corresponding to the received signal, and then transmit the generated signal through the MST antenna 397-1. The magnetic signal is transmitted to an external electronic device 302 (eg, an electronic payment machine (point-of-sale, POS) device). According to an embodiment, in order to generate a magnetic signal, the MST communication module 510 may include a switching module (which includes one or more switches connected to the MST antenna 397-1), and may control the switching module to change according to the received signal. The direction of the voltage or current supplied to the MST antenna 397-1. Changing the direction of the voltage or current can cause the direction of the magnetic signal (eg, magnetic field) emitted from the MST antenna 397-1 to change accordingly. If detected at external electronics 302, a magnetic signal that changes direction may cause an effect (e.g., waveform) similar to when a magnetic card corresponding to the card information associated with the received signal is swiped across the external electronics. Device 302 is the effect of the magnetic field generated by the card reader. According to embodiments, for example, the payment-related information and control signals received by the external electronic device 302 in the form of magnetic signals may be further transmitted to the external server 308 (eg, a payment server) through the network 399.

The NFC communication module 530 can obtain a signal containing control information or payment information (eg, card information) from the processor 320 and transmit the obtained signal to the external electronic device 302 through the NFC antenna 397-3. According to an embodiment, the NFC communication module 530 can receive such a signal transmitted from the external electronic device 302 through the NFC antenna 397-3.

The wireless charging module 550 can wirelessly transmit power to an external electronic device 302 (eg, a cell phone or wearable device) through the wireless charging antenna 397-5 or Power is received wirelessly from an external electronic device 302 (eg, a wireless charging device). The wireless charging module 550 may support one or more of various wireless charging solutions including, for example, a magnetic resonance solution or a magnetic induction solution.

According to embodiments, some of the MST antenna 397-1, NFC antenna 397-3, or wireless charging antenna 397-5 may share at least some of their radiators. For example, the radiator of MST antenna 397-1 may serve as the radiator of NFC antenna 397-3 or the radiator of wireless charging antenna 397-5, or vice versa. In this case, the antenna module 397 may include a switching circuit adapted to operate on, for example, the wireless communication module 392 (eg, the MST communication module 510 or the NFC communication module 530) or the power management module (eg, the MST communication module 510 or the NFC communication module 530). , selectively connect (eg, close) or disconnect (eg, open) at least some of the antennas 397-1, 397-3, and 397-5 under the control of the wireless charging module 550). For example, when the electronic device 301 uses the wireless charging function, the NFC communication module 530 or the wireless charging module 550 can control the switching circuit to switch at least part of the radiator shared by the NFC antenna 397-3 and the wireless charging antenna 397-5. Temporarily disconnecting from the NFC antenna 397-3 and connecting to the wireless charging antenna 397-5.

According to embodiments, at least one function of the MST communication module 510, the NFC communication module 530 or the wireless charging module 550 may be controlled by an external processor (eg, the processor 320). According to embodiments, at least one specified function (eg, payment function) of the MST communication module 510 or the NFC communication module 530 may be executed in a trusted execution environment (TEE). According to embodiments, a TEE may be formed in which at least some designated areas, such as memory 330, are allocated for execution. An execution environment for functions that require a relatively high level of security (for example, financial transactions or personal information-related functions). In this case, storage of the at least some designated areas of the memory 330 may be restrictedly allowed, for example, based on the entity accessing the at least some designated areas of the memory 330 or the application executing in the TEE. Pick.

In an embodiment, the singular vector and the corresponding singular value of the dimension of the (Nrx, Ntx) matrix are determined without using an iterative process, where Ntx≧4 and Nrx=4. In an embodiment, a closed form formula is used that does not require iteration.

In an embodiment, the beamforming feedback is calculated at the beamformee and fed back to the beamformer for SU-MIMO wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) operation and MU-MIMO wireless fidelity. True operation, where the beamforming receiver is the device that is targeted by the beamformer, and the beamformer is the device that increases the phase shift of its antenna to produce gain in a specific direction. In an embodiment, after applying Givens rotation or Householder transformation, the problem is reduced from Nrx×Ntx to min(Nrx,Ntx)×min(Nrx,Ntx) operation. In an embodiment, the operation is divided into smaller operations (eg, a 2x2 operation with a closed form solution). In an embodiment, the coefficients that maximize the metric are determined. In the case of 3 streams and 4 streams, after determining the 2 vectors as described above, these 2 vectors are subtracted from the modified channel matrix to determine the subsequent 1 vector or 2 vectors. After the subtraction operation, the rest of the process is similar to finding 1 vector or 2 vectors.

形式，首先使用厄米運算T =HH將H(Nrx×Ntx)轉換成高矩陣(Ntx×Nrx)。此實施例是基於豪斯霍爾德變換，但基於吉文斯旋轉的實施例是類似的，其中豪斯霍爾德變換與吉文斯旋轉二者均確定A、B及C。 In embodiments, the present systems and methods provide 1 stream and 2 stream methods for 4 receive antennas. to produce

Form, first use the Hermitian operation T =HH to convert H(Nrx×Ntx) into a high matrix (Ntx×Nrx). This embodiment is based on the Householder transformation, but the embodiment based on the Givens rotation is similar, where both the Householder transformation and the Givens rotation determine A, B, and C.

Next, use the Householder transformation (Nrx times) to generate the following equation (1):

的行列式(determinant)最大化。因而，右奇異向量可為

For high SNR, the matrix Vt is determined, and the matrix Vt makes

Maximize the determinant of . Therefore, the right singular vector can be

及svd(C)進行求解來確定右奇異向量v1及v2。 can be passed separately

and svd(C) are solved to determine the right singular vectors v1 and v2.

The right singular vectors can be combined to maximize the coefficient values of the right singular vectors, as shown in the following equations (2) and (3):

In an embodiment, one flow may exist and the coefficient values may be optimized as shown in Equations (4) and (5) below:

where α is a positive value (0≦α≦1),

，此可通過

來獲得，在這種情形中，

。方程式(5)的解是α，其中方程式(5)的導數是0，即

，其中d=(b-a)2+4c2，f=(b-a)2。因此，可確定使方程式(5)最大化的最大α。對應的左奇異向量及奇異值為U=MV _t /∥MV _t ∥及S=UHMVt。 where v1 and v2 are the best right singular vectors of (AHA+BHB) and C that provide the maximum singular value, where α is the maximum singular value of (AHA+BHB), and b is the maximum singular value of CHC.

, this can be passed

to obtain, in this case,

. The solution of equation (5) is α, where the derivative of equation (5) is 0, that is

, where d=(ba)2+4c2, f=(ba)2. Therefore, the maximum α that maximizes equation (5) can be determined. The corresponding left singular vectors and singular values are U=MV _t /∥MV _t ∥ and S=UHMVt.

In an embodiment, there may be two streams and the coefficient values may be optimized as shown in equation (6) below:

Solving equation (6) is complex. This system maximizes the first term when the second term only involves cross terms (i.e., BHC). In this case, this system can solve α 1, β 1 and α 2, β 2 respectively, and solve v _1,i and v _2,i again as (AHA+BHB) and the right singular vector of C, where there is Two options for (v _1,i ,v _2,i ). The solution for each combination can be found in the same way as for the single flow case above. The final values of α, β and (v _1,i ,v _2,i ) are determined by comparing equation (6).

，其中Ut及Vt中的行數目是2。由於Vt不是確切的右奇異向量，因此在St的非對角線項(off-diagonal term)中可存在非零值。為消除非零值，可執行[u,s,v]=svd(St)，且通過恰當的歸一化，最終結果為

及U=Ut．u。另外，S=UHMVt是2×2對角線矩陣。在此運算之後，本系統可對S應用幾何均值分解(GMD)來找到對角線平衡矩陣。 After finding Vt, U _t =MV _t ./∥MV _t ∥ , where (A)./∥A∥ represents column wise normalization, and

, where the number of rows in Ut and Vt is 2. Since Vt is not an exact right singular vector, there can be non-zero values in the off-diagonal terms of St. To eliminate non-zero values, one can perform [u,s,v]=svd(St), and with appropriate normalization, the final result is

And U=Ut． u. In addition, S=UHMVt is a 2×2 diagonal matrix. After this operation, the system can apply geometric mean decomposition (GMD) to S to find the diagonal equilibrium matrix.

，其中Ut及Vt中的行數目是2。然後，通過恰當的歸 一化，最終結果為

及U=Ut。另外，S=U ^H MV _t 是2×2對角線矩陣。在此運算之後，本系統可對S應用幾何均值分解(GMD)來找到對角線平衡矩陣。 In an embodiment, after finding Vt, U _t =MV _t ./∥MV _t ∥ and

, where the number of rows in Ut and Vt is 2. Then, with appropriate normalization, the final result is

And U=Ut. In addition, S=U ^H MV _t is a 2×2 diagonal matrix. After this operation, the system can apply geometric mean decomposition (GMD) to S to find the diagonal equilibrium matrix.

In embodiments where Nrx equals Ntx, the present systems and methods provide 1 stream and 2 stream methods for 4 receive antennas.

及svd(C)進行求解來確定右奇異向量v1及v2。 can be passed separately

and svd(C) are solved to determine the right singular vectors v1 and v2.

The right singular vectors can be combined to maximize the coefficient values of the right singular vectors, as shown in equation (2a) and equation (3a) below:

Solving equations (2a) and (3a) is similar to solving equations (2) and (3) respectively, where P=1.

In embodiments, the system and method may have three streams or four streams.

To reduce the rank of the channel matrix, subtraction can be performed as shown in Equation (7) and Equation (8) below:

where U1, Λ1 and V1 are solutions from the two flow cases. U1, Λ1 and V1 are not exactly singular values or vectors, equation (8) is an approximation. U2, Λ2 and V2 can be found using similar methods as described above for 3 streams and 4 streams.

U2, Λ2 and V2 can be obtained by solving the following equation (9):

及

的右奇異向量。可使用革蘭氏施密特(Gram Schemidt)正交化來更新V2及U2的最終結果。 where v1 and v2 are respectively

and

The right singular vector of . Gram Schmidt orthogonalization can be used to update the final results of V2 and U2.

In embodiments, there may be three streams or four streams.

Examples of 3 flows are represented in equation (10) below:

。 The issues in equation (10) above are the same as in equation (5) above. After obtaining Vt=[V1 V2] and the corresponding U2, V2 and U2 are updated using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, and then calculated

.

。此外，S=U ^H MV _t 是3×3對角線矩陣。 To eliminate non-zero values, perform [u,s,v]=svd(St), and then by performing appropriate normalization, ultimately Vt=[V1V2v] and U=[U1 U2u]. Then, the final result is

. Furthermore, S=U ^H MV _t is a 3×3 diagonal matrix.

The four flows can be found by equation (9). The remaining steps are the same as above.

In the embodiment, since the best singular values and vectors and the sub-optimal singular values and vectors are obtained, the matrix M can be rewritten in equation (11) and equation (12) as follows:

Among them, the U1 matrix, S1 matrix and V1 matrix are obtained as explained above in the two-flow case. U1, S1 and V1 may not be exactly singular values and vectors. Therefore, Equation (11) and Equation (12) are not exact but are approximations.

Using Givens rotation, the following equation (13) is obtained:

，其中v包括(A ^H A+B ^H B)的右奇異向量。在獲得V2及對應的U2之後，利用革蘭氏施密特正交化更新U2，然後計算

。由於在V2中不存在V1的分量，因此對V _t =[V ₁ V ₂ ]不 執行革蘭氏施密特正交化。 In this case, unlike the previous case, since the rank of M1 is less than or equal to 2, all columns with the third and fourth rows are zero. In this case,

, where v includes the right singular vector of (A ^H A+B ^H B) . After obtaining V2 and the corresponding U2, use Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization to update U2, and then calculate

. Since there are no components of V1 in V2, no Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization is performed on V _t =[V ₁ V ₂ ] .

Although certain embodiments of the disclosure have been set forth in the detailed description of the disclosure, the disclosure may be modified in various forms without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of the disclosure should be determined not solely based on the illustrated embodiments, but rather based on the appended claims and their equivalents.

101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111: steps

Claims (20)

A method for non-iterative singular value decomposition in wireless communication systems, including: The signal is received by the receiver; determining a channel matrix for the received signal by a channel matrix generator connected to the receiver; reducing the dimensionality of the channel matrix by a singular value decomposer connected to the channel matrix generator; Perform singular value decomposition by the singular value decomposer on the reduced-dimensional channel matrix to determine singular vectors and corresponding coefficients that maximize the singular values of the singular vectors; and The result of the singular value decomposition is output based on at least one of the following: when the dimension of the reduced-dimensional channel matrix is less than or equal to 2, and when two maximum singular values of the corresponding singular vector are determined Hour. The method as described in item 1 of the patent application further includes: when the result of the singular value decomposition is not output, subtracting the singular value from the reduced-dimensional channel matrix by the singular value decomposer. vector to reduce rank and return to perform the singular value decomposition. The method according to claim 1, wherein reducing the dimension of the channel matrix includes: reducing the dimension of the channel matrix by rotating in a plane spanned by two coordinate axes. The method of claim 1, wherein reducing the dimension of the channel matrix includes: reducing the dimension of the channel matrix by describing a linear transformation about a reflection about a plane or hyperplane containing the origin. . The method as described in claim 4, wherein the linear transformation is performed N _rx times, where N _rx is an integer indicating the number of receiving antennas. The method described in item 5 of the patent application, wherein N _rx is equal to 1, 2 or 4. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the singular value decomposition is performed at a beamforming receiving end, and the result of the singular value decomposition is fed back to the beamformer. The method as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the result of the singular value decomposition is for single-user multiple-input multiple-output. The method as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the result of the singular value decomposition is for multi-user multi-input and multi-output. The method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising: updating the reduced-ranked channel matrix using orthogonalization by a reduced-rank processor, wherein Gram Schmitting is performed on the vectors found from the three streams Special orthogonalization to determine the vectors of the four flows. A device for performing non-iterative singular value decomposition in a wireless communication system, including: a receiver configured to receive a signal; a channel matrix generator connected to the receiver and configured to determine a channel matrix for the received signal; and A singular value decomposer, connected to the channel matrix generator and configured to: Reduce the dimension of the channel matrix; Perform singular value decomposition on the reduced-dimensional channel matrix to determine singular vectors and corresponding coefficients that maximize the singular values of the singular vectors; and The result of the singular value decomposition is output based on at least one of the following: when the dimension of the reduced-dimensional channel matrix is less than or equal to 2, and when two maximum singular values of the corresponding singular vector are determined Hour. The device according to claim 11, wherein the singular value decomposer is further configured to: when not outputting the result of the singular value decomposition, subtract the reduced dimension from the channel matrix. The singular vectors are reduced in rank and returned to perform the singular value decomposition. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the singular value decomposer is further configured to reduce the dimension of the channel matrix through rotation in a plane spanned by two coordinate axes. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the singular value decomposer is further configured to reduce the dimension of the channel matrix by describing a linear transformation about the reflection about a plane or hyperplane containing the origin. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the singular value decomposer is further configured to reduce the dimension of the channel matrix by performing the linear transformation N _rx times, where N _rx is an indication of the receiving antenna The number of integers. The device as described in item 15 of the patent application, wherein N _rx is equal to 1, 2 or 4. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the singular value decomposer is further configured to perform the singular value decomposition at the beamforming receiving end and feed back the result of the singular value decomposition to the beamformer. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the singular value decomposer is further configured to feed back the result of the singular value decomposition for single-user multiple-input multiple-output. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the singular value decomposer is further configured to feed back the result of the singular value decomposition for multi-user multiple input multiple output. The device of claim 12, wherein the singular value decomposer is further configured to update the reduced-ranked channel matrix using orthogonalization, wherein Gram is performed on the vectors found from the three streams. Schmidt orthogonalization to determine the vectors of the four flows.