TWI811624B - First antenna array and method for configuring first antenna array and second antenna array - Google Patents

Abstract

A first antenna array includes antenna panels including: first antenna panels arranged on a first circle having a first radius, each of the first antenna panels including antenna elements; and second antenna panels arranged on a second circle having a second radius, each of the second antenna panels including antenna elements, the second circle being concentric with the first circle at a center point, the second antenna panels being arranged at a first angle around the center point with respect to the first antenna panels, the first radius, the second radius, and the first angle being computed in accordance with wireless transmission conditions including: a line-of-sight distance to a second antenna array including third antenna panels arranged on two or more circles; and a carrier frequency of a line-of-sight wireless transmission between the first antenna array and the second antenna array.

Description

First antenna array and method for configuring the first antenna array and the second antenna array

One or more aspects of embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for antenna placement for wireless communications.

In the field of wireless communications, line-of-sight (LOS) communication refers to a direct path between a transmitting or source antenna and a receiving antenna without obstructions such as walls or the ground. When operating at high frequencies, such as in the 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz Frequency Range 2 (FR2) band of the 5G New Radio (NR) standard, and at higher frequencies, such as in Line-of-sight communication is particularly important when operating in the megahertz (THz) frequency band that will be used for upcoming 6G wireless communications.

In the area of line-of-sight communications, a major performance bottleneck is due to the lack of multipath (e.g., multiple paths between transmitting and receiving antennas due to interactions with the environment such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction). Correlation between antennas. Without careful design of the antenna panel, channel conditions can become unfavorable, thereby degrading overall performance.

Aspects of embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for antenna placement to increase or maximize communication throughput between antenna panels by reducing or minimizing inter-antenna correlation.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first antenna array includes an antenna panel, and the antenna panel includes: one or more first antenna panels, arranged on a first circular ring with a first radius, in the first antenna panel each including one or more antenna elements; and one or more second antenna panels disposed on a second circular ring having a second radius, each of the second antenna panels including one or more an antenna element, the second circular ring is concentric with the first circular ring at a center point, and one or more second antenna panels are arranged at a first angle relative to the one or more first antenna panels around the center point, according to The first radius, the second radius and the first angle are calculated based on the following wireless transmission conditions: line-of-sight distance to a second antenna array including one or more third antenna panels arranged on two or more circular rings. ; and the carrier frequency for line-of-sight wireless transmission between the first antenna array and the second antenna array.

The wireless transmission conditions may further include: the number of antenna panels in the first antenna array; the number of circular rings on which the antenna panels of the first antenna array are arranged; and the number of antenna elements in each of the antenna panels. number.

The wireless transmission conditions may further include: the number of third antenna panels in the second antenna array; and the number of circular rings on which the third antenna panels of the second antenna array are arranged.

The first antenna array may further include an antenna array controller configured to: calculate a second angle between the first antenna array and the second antenna array based on changes in wireless transmission conditions, a first radius, a second radius and a first angle; and reconfiguring the first antenna array based on the first radius, the second radius, the first angle and the second angle.

The antenna array controller may be configured to activate the first and second antenna panels selected from the grid of antenna panels based on the first radius, the second radius, the first angle, and the second angle.

The antenna array controller may be configured to control one or more actuators to position the first and second antenna panels according to the first radius, the second radius, the first angle, and the second angle.

The first and second antenna panels may be non-uniformly spaced around the first and second rings.

The first radius may be the same as the second radius.

The first radius may be different from the second radius.

The first radius, the second radius, and the first angle may be calculated based on the optimization performance metric.

The performance metric may be calculated based on one or more of: minimizing decoding error probability; maximizing channel capacity; and minimizing channel correlation.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for configuring the first antenna array and the second antenna array includes: receiving wireless transmission conditions including the following line-of-sight distances: : A first antenna array including a first antenna panel arranged on two or more than two first circular rings; and a second antenna array including a second antenna panel arranged on two or more than two second circular rings. a second antenna array; and a carrier frequency for line-of-sight wireless transmission between the first antenna array and the second antenna array ; Calculate antenna array parameters of the first antenna array and the second antenna array based on wireless transmission conditions, the antenna array parameters include: one or more first radii of the first circular ring of the first antenna array ; one or more first rotational offsets between the first rings of the first antenna array ; one or more second radii of the second circular ring of the second antenna array ; one or more second rotational offsets between the second rings of the second antenna array ; and the rotational offset between the first antenna array and the second antenna array .

The wireless transmission conditions may further include: the number of first antenna panels in the first antenna array ;The number of rings in the first antenna array ;The number of second antenna panels in the second antenna array ;The number of rings in the second antenna array ; and the number of antenna elements in each of the first antenna panel and each of the second antenna panel .

Calculating the antenna array parameters may include determining: a number of first antenna panels in the first antenna array and the number of second antenna panels in the second antenna array are equal to four; and the first antenna panel is configured in two first circular rings in the first antenna array and the second antenna panel is configured in two second circular rings in the second antenna array .

Calculating the antenna array parameters may include determining that the wireless transmission condition indicates a first radius of a first circular ring of the first antenna array a second radius of the second ring different from the second antenna array ; and calculate the antenna array parameters according to the constraints: in and is the radius of the two first rings of the first antenna array, and and is the radius of the two second rings of the second antenna array.

Calculating the antenna array parameters may include: determining the wireless transmission condition indication: the first radius of the first circular ring of the first antenna array a second radius of the second ring of the second antenna array The same; and the rotational offset between the two first rings of the first antenna array and the two second rings of the second antenna array are all 90°; and calculate the antenna array parameters according to the constraints: in and is the radius of the two first rings of the first antenna array, and is the radius of the two first rings of the first antenna array and ratio between.

Calculating the antenna array parameters may include: determining the wireless transmission condition indication: the first radius of the first circular ring of the first antenna array a second radius of the second ring of the second antenna array Same; the rotational offset between the two first rings of the first antenna array and the two second rings of the second antenna array Not all 90°; and the rotational offset between the first antenna array and the second antenna array is 0°; and calculate the antenna array parameters according to the constraints: in and is the radius of the two first rings of the first antenna array, and is the radius of the two first rings of the first antenna array and ratio between.

Calculating the antenna array parameters may include determining: a number of first antenna panels in the first antenna array and the number of second antenna panels in the second antenna array Not all equal to four; or the first antenna panel is not configured in the two first rings in the first antenna array or the second antenna panel is not configured in the two second rings in the second antenna array in; and calculate the antenna array parameters according to the constraints: in is the first antenna array the radius of a circle, is the first antenna array radius of a circle and the outermost ring of the first antenna array the radius of the ratio between, and is a positive scaling parameter, and where is the second antenna array the radius of a circle, , for the first rings and the outermost outer ring The ratio of the diameter, where ,and is a positive scaling parameter.

The method may further include: calculating antenna array parameters according to changes in wireless transmission conditions; and reconfiguring the first antenna array and the second antenna array according to the antenna array parameters.

Reconfiguring the first antenna array and the second antenna array may include activating the first antenna panel from the first grid of antenna panels of the first antenna array and the second antenna array from the first grid according to the antenna array parameters. The second grid of the antenna panel is the second antenna panel.

The first grid of the antenna panel may be configured on: a plane; a portion of a cylinder; or a portion of a sphere.

Reconfiguring the first and second antenna arrays may include using one or more actuators to move the first and second antenna panels to configure the first antenna panel according to the antenna array parameters. and second antenna panel.

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be more fully understood when considered in conjunction with the following detailed description, accompanying claims, and accompanying drawings. The actual scope of the invention is defined by the accompanying claims.

Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like drawing reference numerals refer to the same elements throughout. This invention may, however, be embodied in various different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments illustrated herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the aspects and features of the invention to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, processes, components, and techniques that are not necessary for a person of ordinary skill in the art to fully understand aspects and features of the invention may not be described. Unless otherwise indicated, the same drawing reference numerals refer to the same element throughout the drawings and written description, and therefore, description thereof may not be repeated. Additionally, in the drawings, the relative sizes of components and regions may be exaggerated and/or simplified for clarity.

In line-of-sight (LOS) wireless communications, undesirable correlations between wireless channels can cause degradation in communications performance (e.g., as measured by signal-to-noise ratio and/or error rate). In the comparison system, the antenna configuration is fixed for all communication scenarios, and the antennas are typically spaced at half the operating wavelength. However, this configuration may be suboptimal for LOS communications.

One way to implement a wireless communications device (e.g., a cellular radio) that avoids channel dependencies and operates successfully in those scenarios is to configure or configure the active antenna elements (or antenna panels) of the antenna array to provide for the specific communications scenarios Favorable channel conditions. However, comparative methods for generating antenna panel configurations are generally constrained to produce extremely regular (uniform) antenna positioning and fail to identify solutions involving irregular configurations of antenna elements or antenna panels in the antenna array. Therefore, there are situations where comparison methods may fail to produce a workable solution, such as where there are specific physical space or shape constraints on the configuration of the antenna panel or antenna elements that a conventional (or uniform) antenna configuration would not satisfy. Physical constraints, but irregular (or non-uniform) antenna configurations can satisfy physical constraints.

Accordingly, aspects of embodiments of the invention relate to methods for placing antenna elements or antenna panels to avoid or reduce channel correlation and thereby improve the performance of LOS channels. Aspects of embodiments of the present invention also relate to antenna systems having antenna elements or antenna panels so positioned. Aspects of embodiments of the present invention may be applied to a variety of LOS wireless communication environments, including fixed transmission and reception locations (such as indoor data centers) and wireless backhaul connections for outdoor cellular base stations. Some aspects of embodiments of the invention involve determining the orientation of an antenna element or antenna panel based on various parameters, including the distance between a transmitter and a receiver (Tx-Rx distance).

Some aspects of embodiments of the invention involve calculating antenna configurations by improving or optimizing performance metrics, such as minimizing decoding error probability, maximizing channel capacity or throughput, and/or minimizing antenna correlation. Some aspects of embodiments of the invention relate to antenna panels in which antenna elements (eg, antenna panels) are arranged on concentric circles. Embodiments of the present invention involve configurations that are also capable of computing extremely large numbers of antennas on an antenna panel. Some aspects of embodiments of the invention also involve automatically calculating antenna configurations based on current environmental conditions and communication scenarios, and automatically selecting a subset of antenna panels from a group of antenna panels based on the calculated antenna configurations.

Figure 1 is a schematic depiction of a model for antenna positioning according to one embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, receive antenna array 100 includes a plurality of receive antenna panels 110 ( antenna panels), of which the embodiment of Figure 1 shows four ( ) receiving antenna panel 111, receiving antenna panel 112, receiving antenna panel 113 and receiving antenna panel 114. Each of receive antenna panels 110 may include one or more antenna elements (where the number of antenna elements in panel 110 is given by ), such as where each receive antenna panel 110 contains a single antenna element ( ) or an array of antenna elements ( ). The antenna elements are arranged on a plurality of receiving rings 120 (identified as receiving rings 121 and 122 respectively). Receive antenna array 100 includes rings ( is the number of receiving rings 120), and each of the receiving rings 120 has an identifier identified as corresponding radius. In some embodiments, each receiving ring 120 has a different radius. In some embodiments, some of the receiving rings 120 may have the same radius as each other.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the receiving rings 120 are depicted as being coplanar in the xy plane and concentric about the receiving center point 130 . Each receiving ring 120 may have a corresponding rotational offset as measured from the outermost receiving ring (eg, having the largest radius) . For example, the first receiving ring 121 is rotationally offset from the second (outermost) receiving ring 122 . (According to this annotation, there can be rotation offset: . Assume that no. The receiving ring has the maximum radius, then . ) The rotational offset can be measured between the line segment (or ray) between the receive center point 130 and one of the receive antenna panels 110 of each receive ring (eg, the smallest numbered antenna panel of its ring). . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the first receiving antenna panel 111 and the second receiving antenna panel 112 are located in a first receiving ring 121 (having a radius ), and the third receiving antenna panel 113 and the fourth receiving antenna panel 114 are on the second receiving ring 122 (having a radius )superior. Therefore, the angle is defined as the first ray 141 between the receiving center point 130 and the first receiving antenna panel 111 on the first receiving ring 121 and the receiving center point 130 and the second (outermost) receiving ring 122 (having a radius ) between the second rays 142 on the third receiving antenna panel 113.

The embodiment shown in Figure 1 also includes spacing the receive antenna array 100 along the z-axis (eg, perpendicular to the xy plane). Transmission antenna array 200. The receiving antenna array 100 and the transmitting antenna array 200 may be referred to as the first antenna array and the second antenna array. Furthermore, for convenience, the terms "transmit" and "receive" are used herein to identify different antenna arrays. Embodiments of the invention include embodiments in which the antenna panels of the "receive" antenna array and the "transmit" antenna array are configured for LOS wireless transmission from the "receive" antenna array to the "transmit" antenna array and vice versa.

Transmit antenna array 200 includes a plurality of transmit antenna panels 210 ( transmit antenna elements), where the embodiment shown in Figure 1 contains six ( ) transmission antenna panel 211, transmission antenna panel 212, transmission antenna panel 213, transmission antenna panel 214, transmission antenna panel 215 and transmission antenna panel 216. Each of transmit antenna panels 210 may include one or more antenna elements (where the number of antenna elements in panel 210 is given by means), the one or more antenna elements are a single antenna element ( ) or an array of antenna elements ( ). The transmission antenna panel 210 is configured on a plurality of transmission rings 220 (respectively identified as transmission rings 221 , 222 , and 223 ). Transmit antenna array 200 includes rings ( is the number of transmission rings 220), and each of the transmission rings 220 has an identifier identified as corresponding radius. In some embodiments, each transmission ring has a different radius. In some embodiments, some of the transmission rings have the same radius as each other.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , transmission annulus 220 is depicted as being coplanar and parallel to the xy plane and concentric about transmission center point 230 . Each transmission ring 220 may have a corresponding rotational offset as measured from the outermost transmission ring (eg, the ring with the largest radius). . For example, the first transmission ring 221 rotates from the outermost transmission ring offset . (According to this annotation, there can be rotation offset: Assume that no. The transmission ring 220 has the maximum radius, then . )rotation offset A line segment (or ray) may be measured between the transmission center point 230 and one of the transmission antenna panels 210 of each transmission ring 220 (eg, the smallest numbered antenna panel). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the first transmission antenna panel 211 and the second transmission antenna panel 212 are located in a first transmission ring 221 (having a radius ), the third transmission antenna panel 213 and the fourth transmission antenna panel 214 are on the second transmission ring 222 (having a radius ), and the fifth transmission antenna panel 215 and the sixth transmission antenna panel 216 are positioned on the third transmission ring 223 (having a radius )superior. Therefore, the rotational offset is defined as the receiving center point 230 and the first transmission ring 221 (having a radius ) on the first transmission antenna panel 211 between the first ray 241 and the transmission center point 230 and the third (eg, outermost) transmission ring 223 (having a radius ) on the fifth transmit antenna panel 215 between the third rays 243 and the rotational offset between them. Likewise, the rotational offset is defined as the receiving center point 230 and the second transmission ring 222 (having a radius ) on the third transmission antenna panel 213 between the second ray 242 and the transmission center point 230 and the third (eg, outermost) transmission ring 223 (having a radius ) on the fifth transmit antenna panel 215 between the third rays 243 and the rotational offset between them.

The receive antenna array 100 and the transmit antenna array 200 may also have rotational offsets relative to each other. . For purposes of discussion, rotational offset will be described herein relative to the angle between the radius of the outermost ring of receive antenna array 100 and transmit antenna array 200 . In the depiction of FIG. 1 , the outermost receiving annulus 122 (having a radius ) is projected onto the outermost ring 223 (having a radius ) plane. Therefore, the rotational offset corresponds to the projected radius 150 and the third (e.g., outermost) transmission annulus 223 (having radius ) and the rotational offset between the third ray 243.

As shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments, the number of rings at receive antenna array 100 and transmit antenna array 200 (respectively, and )different. In some embodiments, the number of rings at receive antenna array 100 and transmit antenna array 200 (respectively, and )same.

In antenna panels containing more than one antenna element ( ), the individual antenna elements may be configured in a variety of different shapes, such as linear, circular, rectangular, or the like.

With these parameters, the model is flexible enough to become a linear or circular array. For example, when , if the two radii of the ring are the same and β _i =90 ^○ , then it becomes a circular array (in the case where there are two antenna elements per ring, it can be regarded as a square array), and if β _i =0 and the radii of the two rings are different, then it becomes a linear array.

Aspects of embodiments of the invention involve calculating a set of antenna array parameters based on a plurality of input parameters according to the antenna model described above with respect to FIG. 1 , the antenna array parameters being specified such as by minimizing decoding error probability, maximizing The configuration of transmit antenna array 200 and receive antenna array 100 improves or optimizes performance metrics by minimizing channel capacity or throughput and/or reducing or minimizing correlation between antenna panels. Input parameters can include the number of transmit antenna panels ( ), the number of receiving antenna panels ( ), the number of transmission rings ( ), the number of receiving rings ( ), the distance between the transmitting antenna array 200 and the receiving antenna array 100 ( ), carrier wavelength ( ) and the number of antenna elements in each antenna panel ( ). The output parameters from the method according to embodiments of the present invention include the radius of each of the receiving rings 120 (eg, the a receiving ring, , , or equivalently, ), the radius of each of the transmission rings 220 (for example, the a transmission ring, , , or equivalently, ), the rotational offset between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array ( ) and the rotational offset of each of the receiving ring 120 and the transmitting ring 220 ( ) (e.g., no. a receiving ring, , , and the first a transmission ring, , ).

Figure 1 depicts antenna panel 110, antenna panel 210 as positioned on receive ring 120 and transmit ring 220. Embodiments of the present invention include embodiments in which the physical antenna array 100, 200 includes one or more physical circular support structures on which the antenna panels 110, 210 are mounted. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and the antenna panel does not need to be mounted on a solid circular ring. For example, embodiments of the invention further include configurations in which all antenna panels are spaced one or more distances from a center point, where the one or more distances correspond to one or more imaginary or virtual concentric circles around the center point radius, and there is no corresponding circular solid support structure. See, for example, antenna panel array 400 described in greater detail below with respect to FIG. 4 .

Generally speaking, embodiments of the present invention involve minimizing decoding error probability, or maximizing channel capacity or throughput, and/or minimizing channel correlation between portions of an antenna array, such as by reducing or minimizing Correlation between antenna panels to improve or optimize performance metrics. Correlation is a measure of the similarity of the channel conditions observed by each antenna panel. Best performance (eg, highest data throughput) is typically observed when the channel conditions observed by the antenna panels are independent of each other (or very different). This corresponds to small correlation values. Accordingly, some embodiments of the present invention involve calculating the radius and angle parameters of the transmit and receive rings to improve or optimize the performance metrics of the line-of-sight (LOS) channels of various antenna panels.

In the following discussion, define the channel matrix , of which the Passed The row element represents the receive (Rx) antenna panel with the Channel conditions between transmit (Tx) antenna panels. can then be calculated by or (in meaning (Hermitian matrix) and since the channel matrix Calculate the correlation value between corresponding antenna pairs. The off-diagonal elements of the resulting matrix (th Passed row element, where ) represents the corresponding antenna pair (i.e., the and grade antenna). Accordingly, aspects of embodiments of the present invention involve computing such that or The magnitude of the off-diagonal elements is small for the antenna parameters (e.g., , , , as well as , as discussed above).

In some cases, embodiments of the present invention involve calculations for a panel corresponding to a 4x4 configuration (4 transmit antennas and 4 receiving antenna panels )of , The exact solution to the situation. exist In the case of , the radius of the inner ring Can be viewed as an outer ring the radius of part of which .

In some cases, receive antenna array 100 and transmit antenna array 200 may have different size constraints. For example, as noted above, a mobile station may have much less space available for antennas than a base station. Additionally, mobile stations may have specific physical dimensions that make some configurations of antennas more suitable than others (e.g., smartphones generally have a thin cuboid shape, with two opposite sides of the cuboid clearly corresponding to the face and back of the smartphone) larger than the remaining four sides of the cuboid corresponding to the edges of the smartphone). As another example, two communication base stations may have different spatial constraints (eg, located on the side of a building versus free-standing). Accordingly, Equation 1, Equation 2, and Equation 3, described in greater detail below, relate to the radius of the receive annulus 120 of the receive antenna array 100 ( ) and the radius of the transmission ring 220 of the transmission antenna array 200 ( ) constraints, wherein different solutions to the constraints correspond to different configurations of the antenna panel 110 and the antenna panel 210, such as by minimizing the decoding error probability, maximizing the channel capacity of the antenna array, and/or minimizing Correlation between those antenna panels to improve or optimize performance metrics.

Equation 1 below shows where the radius of the inner receiving ring ( ) and the radius of the internal transmission ring ( ) multiplied by (carrier wavelength and the distance between the transmit antenna array 200 and the receive antenna array 100 the product of , with the constraint of odd multiples of scaling constants), where the odd multiples are given by Instructions: [Equation 1]

Equation 2 below shows where the radius of the inner receiving ring ( ) and the radius of the internal transmission ring ( ) plus the radius of the outer receiving ring ( ) and the radius of the outer transmission ring ( ) divided by the carrier wavelength and the distance between the transmit antenna array 200 and the receive antenna array 100 The product of Constraints on odd multiples of , where the odd multiples are given by Instructions: [Equation 2]

Similar to Equation 1, Equation 3 below shows where the radius of the outer receiving ring ( ) and the radius of the outer transmission ring ( ) multiplied by Constraints on odd multiples of (the product of the wavelength and the distance between transmit antenna array 200 and receive antenna array 100 , with scaling constants), where the odd multiples are given by Instructions: [Equation 3]

Solutions that satisfy the constraints of Equation 1, Equation 2, and Equation 3 include the case where the transmit antenna array 200 and the receive antenna array 100 have different radii. This can be particularly useful when implementing base station devices and mobile devices such as smartphones, since mobile devices can have significant size constraints (e.g., mobile devices are typically handheld devices and can be pocket-sized), so The mobile device's antenna needs to fit within the constraints of its external dimensions or physical size of the case. The above equation shows that the size of transmit antenna array 200 and receive antenna array 100 can be different. Therefore, small antenna arrays in mobile devices can be compensated by using larger antenna arrays at base stations, which generally have fewer size constraints. Additionally, receiving (or transmitting) rings with different radii may be particularly useful in the context of smartphones, where the size of the smartphone may constrain the placement of the antenna panel of the larger diameter ring (e.g., by the smartphone the longer dimensions or diagonal constraints of the smartphone), while the antenna panel of the smaller diameter ring may be configured along the smaller dimensions of the smartphone.

As another specific case with two rings ( ), when other design constraints require a rotational offset between rings of 90 ^○ ( ), and where the receive ring 120 and the transmit ring 220 are the same size, some aspects of embodiments of the invention involve finding the following constraints (or other similar constraints) that satisfy Equation 4, Equation 5, and Equation 6 condition) parameters , , and rotation offset , to improve performance metrics, such as by minimizing decoding error probability, maximizing channel capacity, and/or reducing or minimizing antenna channel correlation.

As shown in Equation 4, Equation 5, and Equation 6 below, for the radii of the inner and outer receiving rings 120 ( ) and the radii of the inner and outer transmission rings 220 (where is the ratio of the radius of the inner ring to the radius of the outer ring ( )) and the rotational offset between the receive antenna array 100 and the transmit antenna array 200 The constraints are determined by the carrier wavelength ,distance as well as is controlled by odd multiples, where the odd multiples are controlled by instruct. For example, in Equation 4 below, odd multiples are given by the variable Instructions: [Equation 4]

In the following Equation 5, odd multiples are given by the variable Instructions: [Equation 5]

In the following Equation 6, odd multiples are given by the variable Instructions: [Equation 6]

In some embodiments, Equation 5 is used in place of different constraints. Another constraint that provides the optimal solution is shown in Equation 7 [Equation 7] Which uses this constraint to produce different solutions that are also optimal.

satisfies the conditions or constraints of Equation 4, Equation 5 and Equation 6 above and is therefore when Ct=Cr=2 and An example of a solution for an instance of antenna parameters that has the theoretical minimum correlation between antenna panels (and therefore theoretically maximizes the channel capacity) is shown in Table 1 below: [ Table 1] (Spend) Uniform Circular Array (UCA) UCA with relative rotation , specific circumstances

Such as the third specific case with two rings ( ), when other design constraints require the angle between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array is 0 degrees ( ), and wherein transmit and receive rings of the same size are used, some aspects of embodiments of the present invention involve finding the following constraints that satisfy Equation 8, Equation 9, Equation 10, and Equation 11 (or other similar constraints) parameters , , and angle , to improve or optimize performance metrics, such as by minimizing decoding error probability, maximizing channel capacity, and/or reducing or minimizing antenna correlation. [Equation 8] [Equation 9] [Equation 10] [Equation 11] in and is the radius of the two first rings of the first antenna array, is the radius of the two first rings of the first antenna array and the ratio between, and is the rotational offset between the two first circular rings of the first antenna array and between the two first circular rings of the second antenna array.

The conditions or constraints of Equation 7, Equation 8, Equation 9 and Equation 10 above are satisfied and therefore for Cr=Ct=2 and An example of a solution for an instance of antenna parameters that has the theoretical minimum correlation between antenna panels (and therefore theoretically maximizes the channel capacity) is shown in Table 2 below: [ Table 2] (Spend) Comment Uniform Linear Array (ULA) Uniform Circular Array (UCA) non-uniform linear array non-uniform circular array

2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D schematically depict example configurations of antenna arrays configured with parameters calculated in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. In more detail, Figure 2A depicts the first column of Table 2, where , , , , and . Specifically, as seen in FIG. 2A , the first antenna panel 311 and the second antenna panel 312 have a radius of 0.33 that is the radius of the outer circular ring on which the third antenna panel 313 and the fourth antenna panel 314 are. on the inner ring of , and because For 0 ^○ , four antenna panels 311, 312, 313, and 314 are arranged in the line (eg, forming a uniform linear array because the antenna panels are evenly spaced along the line).

Figure 2B depicts the second column of Table 2, where , , , , and . Specifically, as seen in Figure 2B, because , so the inner and outer rings have the same radius, and all four antenna panels 321 , 322 , 323 and 324 are positioned at the same distance from the center. The two rings are offset by 90° ( ), and therefore the first antenna panel 321 and the second antenna panel 322 are depicted along the x-axis, and the third antenna panel 323 and the fourth antenna panel 324 are depicted rotated 90 ^○ from the x-axis, that is, along the y-axis. Thus, the four antenna panels 321 , 322 , 323 and 324 form a uniform circular array since the antenna panels are evenly spaced on the ring (in this case, with four antenna panels, square array).

Figure 2C depicts the third column of Table 2, where , , , , and . Specifically, as seen in FIG. 2C , the first antenna panel 331 and the second antenna panel 332 have a radius of 0.6 that is the radius of the outer circular ring on which the third antenna panel 333 and the fourth antenna panel 334 are. on the inner ring of , and because is 0 ^○ , four antenna panels 311, 312, 313 and 314 are arranged in the line (eg, forming a non-uniform linear array).

Figure 2D depicts the fourth column of Table 2, where , , , , and . Specifically, as seen in Figure 2B, because , so the inner and outer rings have the same radius, and all four antenna panels 341 , 342 , 343 and 344 are positioned at the same distance from the center. The two rings are offset by 60° ( ), and thus the first antenna panel 341 and the second antenna panel 342 are depicted along the x-axis, and the third antenna panel 343 and the fourth antenna panel 344 are depicted rotated 60 degrees from the x-axis. Therefore, the four antenna panels 321 , 322 , 323 and 324 form a non-uniform circular array because the antenna panels are unevenly spaced on the circular ring (in this case, with four antenna panels , rectangular array).

While Figures 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D depict some example antenna arrays in accordance with some embodiments of the invention, embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto and various other antenna panels of transmit antenna arrays and receive antenna arrays Suitable configurations may be configured in accordance with various other embodiments of the invention. For example, physical constraints, such as the size of the mobile device or the size and shape of the location allocated for the base station, may limit the size of the outermost transmit or receive ring. These constraints can be reflected in the rows of Table 1 and Table 2 above medium, and is affected by the carrier wavelength of the wireless communication system and the distance between the transmit antenna array 200 and the receive antenna array 100 influence.

2E, 2F, and 2G schematically depict additional examples of antenna arrays configured with parameters calculated in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2E, there are two rings of different radii, where the inner ring has three antenna panels spaced 120° apart from each other, and the outer ring has three antenna panels spaced 30° apart from each other. of twelve antenna panels. Figure 2F depicts an embodiment in which antenna panels are configured in four circular rings, where each circular ring includes two antenna panels configured on opposite sides based on points based on each circular ring and each other. Each ring is offset 90° from the previous ring. For example, if the rings are numbered from 1 to 4 from the innermost to the outermost, then , , . 2G depicts another embodiment with four rings, where each ring contains four antenna panels evenly spaced 90° apart from each other, and where there is no relative rotation between the rings (e.g., ).

Figure 3 is a graph depicting some possible solutions for minimizing the correlation term according to some embodiments of the invention.

Figure 3 depicts the various values of (in (in units) and the rotational offset between the ring of A graph of some possible solutions to the situation, such as improving or optimizing performance metrics by minimizing decoding error probability, maximizing channel capacity, and/or minimizing channel correlation, where according to this Some embodiments of the invention model to calculate parameters.

Calculated based on the above constraints in Equation 1, Equation 2, Equation 3, Equation 4, Equation 5, Equation 6, Equation 7, Equation 8, Equation 9, Equation 10, and Equation 11 The specific parameters involve solutions that induce theoretically zero correlation between antenna panels. However, embodiments of the present invention are not so limited, and accordingly, practical considerations may apply to the configuration of transmit antenna arrays, receive antenna arrays, positioning of antenna panels within the arrays, configuration of antenna elements within the antenna panels, and the like. can cause the actual antenna correlation to be non-zero. However, embodiments of the invention involve calculating parameters for configuring antenna panels that exhibit correlations that are sufficiently small or sufficiently reduced to provide high performance compared to antenna arrays not configured in accordance with embodiments of the invention. For example, in some embodiments of the invention, by relaxing Equation 1, Equation 2, Equation 3, Equation 4, Equation 5, Equation 6, Equation 7, Equation 8, etc. The constraints of Equation 9, Equation 10, and Equation 11 are used to obtain the approximate configuration (for example, allowing the receiving ring and transmission ring The radius is within the tolerance of the calculated ideal value).

Some embodiments of the present invention involve calculating an approximate solution for an M × N antenna with multiple rings at both receive antenna array 100 and transmit antenna array 200 . In some embodiments, the rotational offset of transmission ring 220 Different from the rotational offset of the receiving ring 210 . According to some embodiments of the present invention, the general process is for a given set of constraints (e.g., carrier wavelength ,distance and the like), such as by minimizing or reducing decoding error probability, by minimizing or reducing antenna channel correlation, and/or maximizing channel capacity (or any other similar metric) to improve or optimize performance metrics. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the approximate value of the radius of the circular ring in the first antenna array is as and function, such as by finding a solution to Equation 12. [Equation 12] in , is a positive scaling parameter, and for the first rings and the outermost outer ring ratio of parameters, where . In some embodiments of the invention, and Both parameters are determined through experimental testing or simulation. In the second array, a similar approach is applied. [Equation 13] in , is a positive scaling parameter, and for the first Parameters of rings and the outermost outer ring The ratio of the radius, where . In some embodiments of the invention, and Both parameters are determined through experimental testing or simulation.

Some aspects of embodiments of the invention involve dynamically configurable antenna arrays (eg, transmit antenna arrays and/or receive antenna arrays) configured to adapt to current electromagnetic conditions. Variable antenna shapes are particularly useful in line-of-sight situations where the transmitter and receiver have a direct airborne communication path. This will include scenarios such as indoor office communications, outdoor wireless communications between cell towers when interconnection between cell towers is difficult due to geography or during a disaster, etc.

For example, in some embodiments of the present invention, a dynamically configurable antenna array is used on an outdoor cellular base station for communication with another outdoor cellular base station for wireless backhaul. Dynamically configurable antenna arrays allow a base station to configure the antenna array to fit the specific line-of-sight (LOS) communication paths available (e.g., based on the distance between the base station and/or the size or space available for the antenna array). As another example, a dynamically configurable antenna array may also be used to communicate with one or more mobile stations. When the mobile station moves through the cell served by the base station, the distance between the base station and the mobile station Can change over time. In some embodiments of the invention, when the distance parameter The base station and/or mobile station may dynamically reconfigure one or both antenna arrays as time changes or when the LOS path changes, becomes blocked, or is otherwise lost (eg, due to base station failure).

Figure 4 is a schematic depiction of a dynamically reconfigurable antenna array according to one embodiment of the invention.

In more detail, some embodiments of the invention relate to antenna arrays that are reconfigurable to operate based on given antenna array parameters, including radius and offset parameters calculated as discussed above (e.g., and ). As noted above, these parameters can vary depending on the physical constraints of the specific antenna array (e.g., maximum radius of the outer ring), carrier wavelength And the distance D between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is calculated.

According to some embodiments of the invention, large groups of antenna panels are used to achieve reconfigurability. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, an antenna array 400 (eg, transmit antenna array 200 or receive antenna array 100) includes a plurality of antenna panels 410 configured in a grid. Each antenna panel 410 can be activated and deactivated independently and electronically, thereby allowing any combination of antenna panels 410 to be activated to form an active antenna array for LOS communications with another antenna array. According to some embodiments of the invention, each antenna panel 410 has a plurality of antenna elements (identified by X in Figure 4) with take rectangle( ) configuration shape. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto and may also include arrays configured in other shapes (eg, rectangular, elliptical, linear array, and the like) antenna elements.

In the particular embodiment shown in Figure 4, sixty-four (64) antenna panels 410 are configured in an eight-by-eight (8x8) grid. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For example, the antenna array 400 may include more than 64 antenna panels or less than 64 antenna panels, and may be formed into a rectangular shape with varying heights and widths (eg, a grid of panels that are taller than wide to match a smartphone). general shape), and may have the antenna panel 410 configured in a two-dimensional grid of different shapes, such as a hexagonal grid, a triangular grid, or a circular grid. In some embodiments, antenna panel 410 is configured on a flat surface. In some embodiments, the antenna panel 410 may be configured around a cylinder or a portion of a cylinder. In some embodiments, the antenna panel 410 may be configured around a sphere or hemisphere in a general pattern of truncated icosahedrons.

According to various embodiments of the present invention, when communication systems use extremely high carrier wavelengths (Such as the wavelengths used or proposed in 3GPP 5G and 6G wireless communication standards ), the overall size of the antenna array 400 can be extremely small. Based on parameters calculated according to embodiments of the invention for specific conditions, the closest calculated shape (e.g., based on the calculated radius) is selected and switched on or activated. and rotate the antenna panel offset by the β _i parameter closest to the ideal positioning of the antenna panel) for use. For example, FIG. 4 depicts antenna array 400 in a state in which four panels are activated to form an antenna array that can be modeled as two circular rings with different radii.

In the configuration shown in Figure 4, antenna panels 411, 412, 413, and 414 are colored to indicate that they are activated (or on), while the remaining antenna panels are not colored to indicate that they are deactivated ( or disconnected). As seen in Figure 4, the first antenna panel 411 and the second antenna panel 412 are on the first circular ring 421 (indicated by the dotted circle) and the third antenna panel 413 and the fourth antenna panel 414 are on the second circular ring. 422 (indicated by the dotted circle) on. In a similar manner, various combinations of antenna panels 410 of antenna array 400 may be activated to reconfigure the antenna array to approximate or match calculated parameters of the antenna array with improved or optimized performance metrics in accordance with embodiments of the invention. A collection of antenna panels 410 with improved or optimized performance metrics such as minimized or reduced decoding error probability, maximized channel capacity or throughput, and/or minimized or reduced channel correlation. Although FIG. 4 shows four antenna panels switched on to form one antenna array, embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto and any number of antenna panels may be activated to form an array for LOS communication with another antenna array. Antenna array. Additionally, embodiments of the present invention also include embodiments in which multiple antenna arrays are activated in parallel on a single grid for communication with multiple different other antenna arrays. For example, antenna panels 411, 412, 413, and 414 form an active antenna array for communicating with one remote antenna array, and different antenna panels 410 can be activated to form an active antenna array for communicating with another remote antenna array. The remote antenna array communicates in parallel with another active antenna array (eg, at a different distance D and/or at a different carrier wavelength λ).

In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, antenna panel 410 is controlled and in communication with antenna array controller 430. Antenna array controller 430 may be a processing circuit. Antenna array controller 430 may be connected via interconnects 432 and 434 to control antenna panel 410 . Interconnects 432 and 434 may be configured to control antenna panel 410 via a separate direct connection to each individual panel or by using a crossbar switch or other multiplexing technology.

Antenna array controller 430 may be among the communications components of radio system 440 , which may include analog and digital radio components such as mixers, filters, digital signal processors (eg, baseband processors), and Antenna array 400 (eg, receive antenna array 100 and/or transmit antenna array 200) performs the like in wireless communications devices.

In some embodiments, antenna array controller 430 controls antenna panel 410 by supplying modulated radio signals from radio system 440 to particular ones of the antenna panels and by coupling signals received from activated antennas. Activated (or turned on) to radio system 440 (such as by electrically connecting activated antenna panel 410 to an antenna port of radio system 440). In some embodiments of the invention, antenna array controller 430 is configured to calculate antenna array configuration parameters (eg, as described in greater detail with respect to Figures 5 and 6). However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For example, in some embodiments of the invention, antenna array controller 430 controls antenna panels 410 of antenna array 400 based on antenna array parameters received from an external source (eg, from radio system 440). For example, in some embodiments, the mobile station may calculate antenna parameters for both the mobile station and the base station and transmit the desired antenna array parameters to the base station (e.g., the mobile station may have information about its antenna array relative to the base station). (for more information on station orientation). Likewise, in some embodiments, a base station may calculate antenna parameters for a mobile station and transmit those parameters to the mobile station for use in configuring its antenna array.

Although FIG. 4 depicts an embodiment in which antenna array 400 includes a plurality of antenna panels 410 configured in a grid, embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. In some embodiments of the invention, a reconfigurable antenna array includes a plurality of movable antenna panels 410 in which one or more actuators (eg, electromechanical actuators, such as electric motors, solenoids, and pressure electric actuator) configured to operate according to the antenna array configuration parameters (e.g., based on the calculated radius r _i and rotational offset and Position (eg, physically move) antenna panel 410 to a different orientation.

Figure 5 is a flowchart of a method for dynamically configuring an antenna array according to one embodiment of the present invention. Method 500 may be implemented by an antenna array controller 430 configured to control an antenna array 400 of a wireless communication device. For example, the processing circuit may be a component of the mobile station or a component of the base station. Antenna array controller 430 may also be configured to perform other functions, such as operating as an application processor and/or as a baseband processor within a wireless communication device.

Referring to Figure 5, in one embodiment, in operation 510, antenna array controller 430 receives wireless transmission conditions for operating the antenna array. As noted above, due to various changes in wireless transmission conditions, one or more parameters defining those conditions may change. These parameters may include the number of transmit antenna panels , the number of receiving antenna panels , the number of antenna elements in each antenna panel , carrier wavelength , the distance between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array , the number of transmission rings and the number of receiving rings . For example, when communicating with a mobile station, the distance Can vary over time, as mobile stations can move through the cell over time. As another example, the carrier wavelength May change due to mobile stations switching to different frequency bands or due to reconfiguration of the wireless backhaul to accommodate other sources of interference (e.g. adjacent antenna arrays operating at nearby frequencies). Number of transmit antenna panels or the number of receiving antenna panels may vary due to various changes in conditions (e.g., panel failure, different multiplexing capacity requirements, and the like), and the number of transmit rings, Ct, and the number of receive rings, Cr, may vary due to various constraints (e.g., due to antenna The design of the array varies depending on the maximum size of the possible rings or limitations on the number of rings).

In operation 530, the antenna array controller 430 calculates new antenna configuration parameters, such as the radius of the receive ring. , the radius of the transmission ring , the rotational offset between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array and rotational offset between transmit and/or receive rings within the antenna array . According to some embodiments of the present invention, the processing circuit applies as described above with respect to Equation 1, Equation 2, Equation 3, Equation 4, Equation 5, Equation 6, Equation 7, Equation 8, Equation 9 , Equation 10, and one or more techniques described in Equation 11 to calculate satisfying the given wireless transmission conditions ( ) and also satisfy the physical constraints of the wireless communication device (eg, constraints due to the physical size or configuration of the antenna panel 410 of the antenna array 400 ).

In some embodiments, more than one possible set of parameters will satisfy the input wireless transmission conditions. In such embodiments of the invention, the processing circuitry selects a particular one of the possible solutions to be used to configure the antenna array. In some embodiments, the set of possible solutions is constrained by the physical characteristics of the physical antenna array 400 (eg, size and orientation). In some embodiments, solutions are evaluated in terms of how closely the solution can be implemented on an actual antenna array 400 (eg, how closely a selected set of antenna panels 410 of antenna array 400 matches a calculated ideal case), and therefore Whether a given solution will have acceptably low channel correlation. In some embodiments, after removing solutions that cannot be implemented on the actual antenna array 400, a solution is randomly selected from the remaining possible solutions.

In operation 550, the antenna array controller 430 performs the , the radius of the transmission ring , the rotational offset between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array and the rotational offset between the transmitting and/or receiving rings ) and the reconfigured antenna array 400. As noted above, in some embodiments of the invention, reconfiguring the antenna array 400 includes activating the closest calculated parameter (e.g., based on the calculated radius and/or spaced apart and offset by rotation rotation) of the specific antenna panel 410.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, activation of a particular antenna panel 410 of the antenna array 400 for LOS communication with another wireless communication device does not necessarily preclude concurrent use of other antenna panels 410 of the antenna array 400. For example, one set of antenna panels 410 of a base station's antenna array 400 may be activated for communication with a first mobile station, while a second set of antenna panels of the same antenna array may be activated for communication with a second mobile station. Mobile station communications. The first mobile station and the second mobile station may operate under different wireless conditions (such as at different carrier wavelengths). Down, at different distances from the base station (bottom) communicates with base stations, or may have different antenna size constraints (e.g., a smartphone may have a smaller possible antenna array than a vehicle-mounted wireless communication device). In some embodiments, beamforming or multiplexing may be further applied to limit interference between parallel uses of antenna panels to communicate with different radio transceivers.

Figure 6 is a flow chart of a method for calculating antenna array parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method 600 shown in FIG. 6 is used when calculating new antenna array configuration parameters in operation 530 of FIG. 5 .

Referring to FIG. 6 , in operation 610 , the antenna array controller 430 determines whether the current wireless transmission condition satisfies the specific case of 4×4 transmission (4 transmission antenna elements). and 4 receiving antenna elements , in other words, ) and both the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array contain two rings ( ). If so, the processing circuitry continues to determine whether the current wireless transmission conditions satisfy one of the specific cases discussed above with respect to Equations 1 through 3, Equations 4 through 7, or Equations 8 through 11 By.

In more detail, in operation 620, the antenna array controller 430 determines whether the current constraints allow the radius of the transmit ring to be different from the radius of the receive ring. If so, in operation 630 , the antenna array controller 430 calculates the radius of the receiving ring according to Equations 1 to 3 , the radius of the transmission ring , the rotational offset between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array and the rotational offset between the rings of the receive antenna array and the transmit antenna array The set of antenna parameters, as discussed above.

In response to the determination, in operation 620, the current constraints do not allow the radius of the transmission ring to be different from the radius of the reception ring (for example, the transmission ring and the reception ring are required to have the same radius), then in operation 640, the antenna The array controller 430 determines whether the two transmit rings must be offset by 90° from each other and whether the two receive rings must also be offset by 90° from each other. If so, in operation 650, the antenna array controller 430 calculates the radius of the receiving circle containing and the radius of the transmission ring (all the same radius) and the rotational offset between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array A collection of antenna parameters. Rotational offset between receive antenna array and transmit antenna array rings It is set to 90°. These parameters can thus be calculated according to Equations 4 to 7, as discussed above.

In response to determining, in operation 640 , that the current constraints do not require the transmit and receive rings to have a 90° offset, the processing circuit determines, in operation 660 , a rotational offset between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array. Is it 0°? If so, in operation 670, the antenna array controller 430 calculates the antenna parameters according to Equations 8-11, as discussed above. The calculated set of antenna parameters contains the radius of the receiving ring and the radius of the transmission ring (all the same radius) and the rotational offset between the rings of the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array . Rotational offset between transmit antenna array and receive antenna array has been set to 0°.

If in operation 610, the antenna array controller 430 determines that the current wireless transmission conditions do not meet and In the particular case, or in operation 660, the antenna array controller 430 determines the rotational offset between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array. Not zero degrees ( ), then the antenna array controller 430 calculates the antenna array parameters according to Equation 12 above.

The result of calculating the antenna array parameters in operation 630, operation 650, operation 670, or operation 680 is a radius containing the receiving circle. , the radius of the transmission ring , the rotational offset between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array and the rotational offset between the rings of the receive antenna array and the transmit antenna array A collection of antenna parameters. These calculated antenna array parameters may then be used to reconfigure either or both the receive antenna array and the transmit antenna array as discussed above with respect to operation 550 of FIG. 5 .

Accordingly, aspects of embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for calculating multiple antenna configuration parameters for use in line-of-sight communications between radio transceivers based on input wireless transmission conditions, such as antenna number of panels, distance between communication wireless transceivers, and carrier wavelength) such as by reducing or minimizing decoding error probability (or decoding error rate), maximizing throughput or channel capacity, and/or reducing or minimizing channel correlation to improve or optimize performance metrics. Antenna parameters calculated according to embodiments of the invention result in both regular (eg, evenly spaced) and irregular (eg, unevenly spaced) antenna arrays. In some embodiments of the invention, the antenna array controller reconfigures the antenna panels of the antenna array based on the calculated antenna configuration parameters.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for reconfiguring an antenna array based on wireless configuration parameters, and FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for calculating antenna configuration parameters. It will be understood that the sequence of steps of the process is not fixed, but may be altered to any desired sequence as recognized by one skilled in the art.

In some embodiments, systems and methods for calculating antenna configuration parameters discussed above are implemented in one or more processing circuits. The term "processing circuitry" is used herein to mean any combination of hardware, firmware, and software for processing data or digital signals. The processing circuit hardware may include, for example, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), general or dedicated central processing unit (CPU), baseband processor (BP), digital signal processor (digital signal processor; DSP), graphics processing unit (GPU), and programmable logic devices, such as field programmable gate array (FPGA). In a processing circuit, as used herein, by hardware configured (ie, hardwired) to execute a function or more generally by configured to execute instructions stored in a non-transitory storage medium The destination hardware (such as a CPU) executes each function. The processing circuitry may be fabricated on a single printed circuit board (PCB) or distributed across several interconnected PCBs. The processing circuit may contain other processing circuits; for example, the processing circuit may contain two processing circuits, an FPGA and a CPU, interconnected on a PCB.

It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions and/or sections, these elements, components, regions and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region or section from another element, component, region or section. Thus, a first element, component, region or section discussed herein could be termed a second element, component, region or section without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the inventive concept. As used herein, the terms "substantially," "about," and similar terms are used as terms denoting approximations and are not used as terms denoting degrees, and are intended to contemplate measurements or calculations that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. Inherent bias in values.

As used herein, the singular form "a/an" is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the term "comprises/comprising" when used in this specification specifies the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other Characteristics, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as "at least one of," when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. Additionally, the use of "may" when describing embodiments of the inventive concept means "one or more embodiments of the invention." Also, the term "illustrative" is intended to refer to an example or illustration. As used herein, the term "use/using/used" may be considered synonymous with the term "utilize/utilizing/utilized" respectively.

Although illustrative embodiments of systems and methods for calculating antenna configuration parameters and reconfiguring antenna arrays based on the calculated parameters have been specifically described and illustrated herein, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The personnel are evident. Therefore, it should be understood that systems and methods constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention for calculating antenna configuration parameters and reconfiguring antenna arrays based on the calculated parameters may be embodied in addition to those specifically described herein. The invention is also defined in the following claims and their equivalents.

100: Receiving antenna array 110, 111, 112, 113, 114: Receiving antenna panel 120, 121, 122: Receiving ring 130: Receiving center point 141, 241: First ray 142: Second ray 150: Projection radius 200: Transmission antenna array 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216: transmission antenna panel 220, 221, 222, 223: transmission ring 230: transmission center point 242: second ray 243: third ray 311, 321, 331, 341: first antenna panel 312, 322, 332, 342: second antenna panel 313, 323, 333, 343: third antenna panel 314, 324, 334, 344: fourth antenna panel 400: antenna panel Array 410, 411, 412, 413, 414: Antenna panel 421: First ring 422: Second ring 430: Antenna array controller 432, 434: Interconnects 440: Radio system 500, 600: Methods 510, 530 ,550,610,620,630,640,650,660,670,680: Operation :The number of transmission rings :The number of receiving rings :distance :Number of transmission antenna panels :Number of receiving antenna panels :Number of antenna elements , , , , , , :Radius , , , , :Rotation offset :carrier wavelength

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples of embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following drawings, wherein like drawing element numbers throughout the various figures refer to like parts unless otherwise specified.

Figure 1 is a schematic depiction of a model for antenna positioning according to one embodiment of the invention. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, and 2G schematically depict example configurations of antenna arrays configured with parameters calculated in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. Figure 3 is a graph depicting some possible solutions for minimizing the correlation term according to some embodiments of the invention. Figure 4 is a schematic depiction of a dynamically reconfigurable antenna array according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 5 is a flowchart of a method for dynamically configuring an antenna array according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is a flow chart of a method for calculating antenna array parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention.

100:Receive antenna array

110, 111, 112, 113, 114: receiving antenna panel

120, 121, 122: receiving ring

130: receiving center point

141, 241: First Ray

142:Second Ray

150: Projection radius

200:Transmission antenna array

210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216: Transmission antenna panel

220, 221, 222, 223: transmission ring

230:Transmission center point

242:Second Ray

243:Third Ray

D : distance

r ₀ to r _{Cr -1} , ρ ₀ to ρ _{Ct -1} : radius

α _, β0 , β1 : rotation _offset

Claims (22)

A first antenna array including an antenna panel, the antenna panel including: one or more first antenna panels arranged on a first circular ring having a first radius, each of the one or more first antenna panels including one or more antenna elements; and One or more second antenna panels are arranged on a second circular ring with a second radius, each of the one or more second antenna panels includes one or more antenna elements, and the first Two circular rings are concentric with the first circular ring at a center point, and the one or more second antenna panels are arranged at a first angle relative to the one or more first antenna panels around the center point. , The first radius, the second radius and the first angle are calculated according to wireless transmission conditions including the following: Line-of-sight distance to a second antenna array including one or more third antenna panels arranged on two or more circular rings; and The carrier frequency for line-of-sight wireless transmission between the first antenna array and the second antenna array. The first antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transmission conditions further include: the number of antenna panels in the first antenna array; The number of circular rings on which the antenna panels of the first antenna array are arranged; and The number of antenna elements in each of the antenna panels. The first antenna array according to claim 2, wherein the wireless transmission conditions further include: the number of the one or more third antenna panels in the second antenna array; and The number of circular rings on which the one or more third antenna panels of the second antenna array are arranged. The first antenna array of claim 1, wherein the first antenna array further includes an antenna array controller configured to perform the following operations: Calculating a second angle, the first radius, the second radius and the first angle between the first antenna array and the second antenna array according to changes in the wireless transmission conditions ;and The first antenna array is reconfigured based on the first radius, the second radius, the first angle, and the second angle. The first antenna array of claim 4, wherein the antenna array controller is configured to activate based on the first radius, the second radius, the first angle, and the second angle The one or more first antenna panels and the one or more second antenna panels are selected from a grid of antenna panels. The first antenna array of claim 4, wherein the antenna array controller is configured to control one or more actuators to control one or more actuators according to the first radius, the second radius, the first angle and the second angle to position the one or more first antenna panels and the one or more second antenna panels. The first antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the one or more first antenna panels and the one or more second antenna panels surround the first circular ring and the second circular ring. Rings are non-uniformly spaced. The first antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the first radius is the same as the second radius. The first antenna array of claim 1, wherein the first radius is different from the second radius. The first antenna array of claim 1, wherein the first radius, the second radius and the first angle are calculated according to an optimization performance metric. The first antenna array of claim 10, wherein the performance metric is calculated based on one or more of the following: Minimize decoding error probability; Maximize channel capacity; and Minimize channel correlation. A method for configuring a first antenna array and a second antenna array, the method includes: Reception includes the following wireless transmission conditions: Line of sight distance between: A first antenna array including first antenna panels arranged on two or more first circular rings; and A second antenna array including a second antenna panel arranged on two or more second rings; and The carrier wavelength of line-of-sight wireless transmission between the first antenna array and the second antenna array; Antenna array parameters of the first antenna array and the second antenna array are calculated based on the wireless transmission conditions, and the antenna array parameters include: one or more first radii of the first circular ring of the first antenna array; one or more first rotational offsets between the first rings of the first antenna array; one or more second radii of the second circular ring of the second antenna array; one or more second rotational offsets between the second rings of the second antenna array; and Rotational offset between the first antenna array and the second antenna array. The method of claim 12, wherein the wireless transmission conditions further include: the number of first antenna panels in the first antenna array; The number of rings in the first antenna array; the number of second antenna panels in the second antenna array; the number of rings in the second antenna array; and The number of antenna elements in each of the first antenna panels and each of the second antenna panels. The method of claim 13, wherein calculating the antenna array parameters includes determining: The number of first antenna panels in the first antenna array and the number of second antenna panels in the second antenna array are both equal to four; and The first antenna panel is configured in two first rings in the first antenna array and the second antenna panel is configured in two second rings in the second antenna array. in the ring. The method of claim 14, wherein calculating the antenna array parameters includes: determining that the wireless transmission condition indicates that the one or more first radii of the first circular ring of the first antenna array are different the one or more second radii of the second circular ring of the second antenna array; and calculating the antenna array parameters according to constraints: Where λ is the carrier frequency of line-of-sight wireless transmission between the first antenna array and the second antenna array, D is the line-of-sight distance, k, m and l are positive odd numbers, and is the radius of the two first circular rings of the first antenna array, and and is the radius of the two second circular rings of the second antenna array. The method of claim 14, wherein calculating the antenna array parameters includes: determining the wireless transmission condition indication: the one or more first radii of the first circular ring of the first antenna array The same as the one or more second radii of the second circular ring of the second antenna array; and between the two first circular rings of the first antenna array and the third The rotational offsets between the two second rings of the two antenna arrays are both 90°; and the antenna array parameters are calculated according to the constraints: Wherein, λ is the carrier frequency of line-of-sight wireless transmission between the first antenna array and the second antenna array, D is the line-of-sight distance, a and b are 1 or -1, k, l, m is an odd number, and is the radius of the two first circular rings of the first antenna array, is the radius of the two first circular rings of the first antenna array and and α is the rotational offset between the first antenna array and the second antenna array. The method of claim 14, wherein calculating the antenna array parameters includes: determining the wireless transmission condition indication: the one or more first radii of the first circular ring of the first antenna array The same as the one or more second radii of the second circular ring of the second antenna array; between the two first circular rings of the first antenna array and the second The rotational offset between the two second circular rings of the antenna array is not all 90°; and the rotational offset between the first antenna array and the second antenna array is 0°; and calculate the antenna array parameters according to the constraints: where λ is the carrier frequency of line-of-sight wireless transmission between the first antenna array and the second antenna array, D is the line-of-sight distance, a and b are -1 or 1, k, l and m are odd number, is the radius of the two first circular rings of the first antenna array, and is the ratio between the radii of the two first circular rings of the first antenna array, and β is the ratio between the two first circular rings of the first antenna array and the second The rotational offset between the two second rings of the antenna array. The method of claim 13, wherein calculating the antenna array parameters includes determining: the number of first antenna panels in the first antenna array and the second day in the second antenna array. The number of line panels is not all equal to four; or the first antenna panel is not arranged in the two first rings in the first antenna array or the second antenna panel is not arranged in all in the two second rings in the second antenna array; and calculate the antenna array parameters according to the constraints: Where λ is the carrier frequency of line-of-sight wireless transmission between the first antenna array and the second antenna array, D is the line-of-sight distance, is the first antenna array radius of a circle , is the first antenna array of the the radius of the ring with the outermost ring of the first antenna array the radius of the ratio between ,and is a positive scaling parameter, and where is the second antenna array the radius of a circle, , is the outermost outer ring First The ratio of the diameters of a circular ring, where ,and is a positive scaling parameter. The method described in request item 12 further includes: Calculating the antenna array parameters based on changes in the wireless transmission conditions; and The first antenna array and the second antenna array are reconfigured according to the antenna array parameters. The method of claim 19, wherein reconfiguring the first antenna array and the second antenna array includes: Activating the first antenna panel from a first grid of antenna panels of the first antenna array and the second grid of antenna panels from the second antenna array in accordance with the antenna array parameters The second antenna panel. The method of claim 20, wherein the antenna panels of the first grid are configured at the following locations: flat; part of a cylinder; or part of the sphere. The method of claim 19, wherein reconfiguring the first antenna array and the second antenna array includes: One or more actuators are used to move the first and second antenna panels to configure the first and second antenna panels according to the antenna array parameters.