TWI794191B - Two step random-access channel (rach) procedure in millimeter wave (mmw) - Google Patents

Abstract

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for random-access channel (RACH) communication. For example, certain aspects provide a method for wireless communication. The method generally includes transmitting a plurality of reference signals using one or more beams, and receiving at least one of a RACH preamble and or a RACH payload corresponding to one or more of the reference signals transmitted via at least one of the one or more beams.

Description

Two-step random access channel (RACH) procedure in millimeter wave (MMW)

Aspects of the subject matter of this case relate to wireless communications, and in particular to Random Access Channel (RACH) communications.

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging and broadcasting. A typical wireless communication system may adopt a multiple access technology capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (eg, bandwidth, transmit power). Examples of such multiple access techniques include Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) system.

In some examples, a WMA communication system may include multiple base stations, each base station supporting communication for multiple communication devices (also referred to as user equipment (UE)) simultaneously. In an LTE or LTE-A network, a set of one or more base stations may define an eNodeB (eNB). In other instances (for example, in next-generation networks or 5G networks), a wireless multiple access communication system may include multiple distributed units (DUs) (such as edge units (EUs), edge nodes (ENs), Radio Head (RH), Smart Radio Head (SRH), Transmit Receive Point (TRP), etc.), which communicate with multiple Central Units (CU) (e.g. Central Node (CN), Access Node Controller (ANC) etc.) communication, where a group of one or more decentralized units communicating with a central unit can define access nodes (e.g., Novel Radio Base Station (NR BS), Novel Radio Node B (NR NB), Network Node, 5G NB, gNB, etc.). A base station or DU can communicate with a Group UEs to communicate.

These multiple access techniques have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on municipal, national, regional, and even global levels. An example of an emerging telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR), such as 5G Radio Access. It is designed with the intention of increasing spectrum efficiency, reducing costs, improving services, utilizing new spectrum, and using OFDMA with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the downlink (DL) and on the uplink (UL) with other Better integration of open standards to better support mobile broadband Internet access also supports beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation.

However, with the increasing demand for mobile broadband access, NR technology needs further improvement. Preferably, these improvements should be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards using these technologies.

The systems, methods, and apparatus of the subject matter each have several aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of the present case as expressed by the appended claims, some features will now be briefly discussed. After considering this discussion, and particularly after reading the section entitled "Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments," one will understand how the features of this disclosure provide advantages including improved communications between access points and stations in a wireless network.

Certain aspects of the subject matter of this case provide a method for wireless communication. The method generally includes transmitting a plurality of reference signals using one or more beams, and receiving a random memory corresponding to one or more of the reference signals transmitted via at least one of the one or more beams. Take at least one of channel (RACH) preamble and/or RACH payload.

Certain aspects of the subject matter of this case provide a method for wireless communication. The method generally includes: receiving a plurality of reference signals transmitted using one or more beams, determining which of the one or more beams is used to transmit at least one of a random access channel (RACH) preamble or RACH payload and transmitting the at least one of the RACH preamble or the RACH payload based on the determination.

Certain aspects of the subject matter of this case provide a method for wireless communication. The method generally includes: detecting a random access channel (RACH) preamble signal corresponding to a reference signal of a plurality of reference signals, wherein the plurality of reference signals are transmitted via one or more beams, and determining the A configuration of at least one of the beams corresponding to the detection of the RACH preamble is monitored, and the at least one of the beams is monitored based on the determination.

Certain aspects of the subject matter provide a device for wireless communication. The apparatus generally includes: a transmitter configured to transmit a plurality of reference signals using one or more beams; and a receiver configured to receive and transmit the reference signal via at least one of the one or more beams At least one of the random access channel (RACH) preamble signal and/or RACH payload corresponding to the one or more reference signals in the reference signal.

Certain aspects of the subject matter provide a device for wireless communication. The apparatus generally includes: a receiver configured to receive a plurality of reference signals transmitted using one or more beams; a processing system configured to determine the at least one of the one or more beams of at least one of the at least one beams; and a transmitter configured to transmit the at least one of the RACH preamble or the RACH payload based on the determination.

Certain aspects of the subject matter provide a device for wireless communication. The apparatus generally includes a processing system configured to detect a random access channel (RACH) preamble corresponding to one of a plurality of reference signals via one or more beams, and determining a configuration for monitoring at least one of the beams corresponding to the detection of the RACH preamble; and a detector configured to monitor the beam in the beam based on the determination; The at least one beam of .

Certain aspects of the subject matter provide a device for wireless communication. The apparatus generally includes: means for transmitting a plurality of reference signals using one or more beams; and one or more of the reference signals for receiving and transmitting via at least one of the one or more beams A unit of at least one of a random access channel (RACH) preamble signal and/or RACH payload corresponding to the reference signal.

Certain aspects of the subject matter provide a device for wireless communication. The apparatus typically includes means for receiving a plurality of reference signals transmitted using one or more beams, for determining the reference signal used to transmit at least one of a Random Access Channel (RACH) preamble or RACH payload. or at least one of a plurality of beams, and means for transmitting the at least one of the RACH preamble or the RACH payload based on the determination.

Certain aspects of the subject matter provide a device for wireless communication. The apparatus generally includes means for detecting a random access channel (RACH) preamble corresponding to one of a plurality of reference signals transmitted via one or more beams , means for determining a configuration for monitoring at least one of the beams corresponding to the detection of the RACH preamble, and means for monitoring the at least one of the beams based on the determination .

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a computer readable medium configured to: transmit a plurality of reference signals using one or more beams, and receive and transmit via at least one of the one or more beams At least one of random access channel (RACH) preamble signals and/or RACH payloads corresponding to one or more reference signals in the reference signals.

Certain aspects of the subject matter provide a computer readable medium configured to: receive a plurality of reference signals transmitted using one or more beams, determine whether to transmit a Random Access Channel (RACH) preamble or at least one of the one or more beams of at least one of the RACH payload, and transmitting the at least one of the RACH preamble or the RACH payload based on the determination.

Certain aspects of the subject matter provide a computer readable medium configured to: detect a random access channel (RACH) preamble corresponding to a reference signal of a plurality of reference signals, wherein the plurality of reference signals signals are transmitted via one or more beams, determining a configuration for monitoring at least one of the beams corresponding to the detection of the RACH preamble, and monitoring the beam in the beam based on the determination At least one beam.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects include the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth certain illustrative features of one or more aspects in detail. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which principles of various aspects may be employed and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

Aspects of this disclosure provide devices, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable media for Random Access Channel (RACH) communications.

Certain aspects of this case may apply to new radio (NR) (new radio access technology or 5G technology). NR can support various wireless communication throughputs, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) for wide bandwidth (e.g. over 80 MHz), millimeter wave (mmW) for high carrier frequency (e.g. 60 GHz), Massive MTC (mMTC) for tolerant MTC technology, and/or mission-critical for ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). These services can include latency and reliability requirements. These services may also have different Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs) to meet corresponding Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Additionally, these services can coexist within the same subframe.

The following description provides examples, not limitations of the scope, applicability or examples set forth in the claims. Changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or practice a method. Additionally, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to encompass such devices or methods practiced with structure, function, or structure and function in addition to or other than the various aspects of the present disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein may be implemented via one or more elements of the claims. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects.

The techniques described herein may be used in various wireless communication networks such as LTE, CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and other networks. The terms "network" and "system" are often used interchangeably. A CDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, and others. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. TDMA networks can implement radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). OFDMA networks can implement technologies such as NR (e.g. 5G RA), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, etc. radio technology. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). NR is an emerging wireless communication technology developed in conjunction with the 5G Technology Forum (5GTF). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are versions of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). cdma2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for the wireless networks and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other wireless networks and radio technologies. For clarity, although terms commonly associated with 3G and/or 4G wireless technologies may be used herein to describe aspects, aspects of this disclosure may apply to wireless technologies based on other generations of wireless technology (such as 5G and beyond). technology, including NR technology) communication system. Example wireless communication system

1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 in which aspects of the subject matter may be implemented. For example, the wireless network could be New Radio (NR) or 5G networks. NR wireless communication systems may use beams, where Access Node Function (ANF) devices and User Equipment Function (UE) devices communicate via active beams. In some aspects, the ANF device may include a base station (BS) for accessing the network or a backhaul node having the function of the BS for integrated access backhaul system. In some aspects, the UEF device may be a user equipment (UE) for accessing the network or a backhaul node with UE functionality for integrated access to the backhaul system. As described herein, ANF devices may monitor active beams using measurements of reference signals (eg, MRS, CSI-RS, synchronization) transmitted via reference beams.

UEF device 120 may be configured to perform the operations 1000 and methods described herein for detecting a mobility event based at least in part on a mobility parameter associated with a set of beams. The ANF device 110 may include a Transmission Reception Point (TRP), a Node B (NB), a 5G NB, an Access Point (AP), a New Radio (NR) ANF device, and the like. The ANF device 110 may be configured to perform the operations 900 and methods described herein for configuring the plurality of beam sets and the mobility parameters associated with each of the plurality of beam sets. The ANF device may receive indications of detected mobility events based on the mobility parameters, and may make decisions regarding the mobility management of the UEF device based on event triggers.

As shown in FIG. 1, wireless network 100 may include multiple BSs 110 and other network entities. An ANF device may be a station in communication with a UEF device. Each ANF device 110 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to a coverage area of a Node B and/or a Node B subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. In NR systems, the term "cell" and gNB, Node B, 5G NB, AP, NR ANF device, NR ANF device or TRP may be interchangeable. In some instances, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move depending on the location of the mobile base station. In some examples, the base stations may be interconnected with each other and/or into the wireless network 100 via various types of backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, virtual networks, etc.) using any suitable transport network. One or more other base stations or network nodes (not shown).

In general, any number of wireless networks can be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network can support a specific radio access technology (RAT) and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, and the like. Frequency may also be referred to as carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency can support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks can be deployed.

ANF devices may provide communication coverage for macrocells, picocells, femtocells, and/or other types of cells. A macrocell may cover a relatively large geographic area (eg, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEF devices with a service subscription. A picocell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEF devices with a service subscription. A femtocell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow UEF devices associated with a femtocell (e.g., UEF devices in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), UEs of users in a home) etc.) with limited access. An ANF device for macro cells may be referred to as a macro ANF device. An ANF device for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico ANF device. An ANF device for femto cells may be referred to as a femto ANF device or a home ANF device. In the example shown in FIG. 1, BSs 110a, 110b, and 110c may be macro ANF devices for macro cells 102a, 102b, and 102c, respectively. ANF device 110x may be a pico BS for pico cell 102x. ANF devices 110y and 110z may be femto ANF devices for femtocells 102y and 102z, respectively. An ANF device may support one or more (eg, three) cells.

The wireless network 100 may also include relay stations. A relay station is a station that receives a transmission of data and/or other information from an upstream station (eg, an ANF device or a UEF device) and sends the transmission of data and/or other information to a downstream station (eg, a UEF device or an ANF device). The relay station may also be a UEF device that relays transmissions for other UEF devices. In the example shown in FIG. 1 , relay station 110r may communicate with ANF device 110a and UEF device 120r to facilitate communication between ANF device 110a and UEF device 120r. A relay station may also be called a relay ANF device, a relay, and the like.

Wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network including different types of BSs (eg, macro ANF devices, pico ANF devices, femto ANF devices, relays, etc.). These different types of ANF devices may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different effects on interference in the wireless network 100 . For example, macro ANF devices may have a high transmit power level (eg, 20 watts), while pico ANF devices, femto ANF devices, and relays may have lower transmit power levels (eg, 1 watt).

The wireless network 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, ANF devices may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different ANF devices may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, ANF devices may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different ANF devices may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein can be used for both synchronous and asynchronous operations.

Network controller 130 may couple to a set of ANF devices and provide coordination and control for these ANF devices. The network controller 130 can communicate with the ANF device 110 via the backhaul. ANF devices 110 may also communicate with each other, eg, directly or indirectly via wireless or wired backhaul.

UEF devices 120 (eg, 120x, 120y, etc.) may be dispersed throughout wireless network 100, and each UEF device may be stationary or mobile. UEF devices may also be called mobile stations, terminals, access terminals, subscriber units, stations, customer premises equipment (CPE), cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless modems, wireless communication equipment , Handheld Devices, Laptops, Cordless Phones, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) Stations, Tablets, Cameras, Gaming Devices, Small Notebooks, Smart Computers, Ultrabooks, Medical Devices or Medical Devices, Biometric Sensing Devices/devices, wearable devices such as smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristbands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart bracelets, smart bracelets, etc.), entertainment devices (e.g., music equipment, video equipment, satellite radio units, etc.), vehicle components or sensors, smart meters/sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, GPS devices, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via wireless or wired media. Some UEF devices may be considered evolved or machine type communication (MTC) devices or evolved MTC (eMTC) devices. MTC and eMTC UEF devices include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc. that can communicate with an ANF device, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity . A wireless node may provide connectivity for or to a network (eg, a wide area network such as the Internet or a cellular network), eg, via a wired or wireless communication link. Some UEF devices can be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

In FIG. 1 , a solid line with double arrows indicates desired transmissions between a UEF device and a serving ANF device, which is an ANF device designated to serve the UEF device on the downlink and/or uplink. Dashed lines with double arrows indicate interfering transmissions between UEF devices and ANF devices.

Some wireless networks (eg, LTE) use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal sub-carriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. In general, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the spacing of subcarriers may be 15 kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (called a "resource block") may be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Thus, the nominal FFT size may be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024 or 2048 for a system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 megahertz (MHz), respectively. The system bandwidth can also be divided into sub-bands. For example, a sub-band may cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks) and may have 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 sub-bands for a system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 MHz, respectively frequency band.

Although aspects of the examples described herein may be associated with LTE technology, aspects of the subject matter may be applicable to other wireless communication systems, such as NR.

NR can utilize OFDM with CP on both uplink and downlink, and includes support for half-duplex operation using TDD. A single component carrier bandwidth of 100 MHz can be supported. An NR resource block may span 12 subcarriers with a subcarrier bandwidth of 75 kHz for a duration of 0.1 ms. Each radio frame may consist of 50 subframes with a length of 10 ms. Therefore, each subframe may have a length of 0.2 ms. Each subframe can indicate the link direction (ie, DL or UL) used for data transmission, and the link direction of each subframe can be dynamically switched. Each subframe can include DL/UL data and DL/UL control data. The UL and DL subframes for NR can be described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 6 and 7 as follows. Beamforming can be supported and beam directions can be dynamically configured. MIMO transmission with precoding can also be supported. MIMO configurations in DL can support up to 8 transmit antennas (multi-layer DL transmission with up to 8 streams) and support up to 2 streams per UEF device. It can support multi-layer transmission of up to 2 streams per UEF device. Multiple cell aggregation can be supported with up to 8 serving cells. Alternatively, NR may support a different air interface than the OFDM-based interface. An NR network may include entities such as CUs and/or DUs.

In some examples, access to the air interface can be scheduled, wherein a scheduling entity (eg, a base station) allocates resources for communication between some or all devices and devices within its service area or cell. In the present context, as discussed further below, a scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, allocating, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communications, slave entities utilize resources allocated by the scheduling entity. Base stations are not the only entities that can be used as scheduling entities. That is, in some examples, a UEF device may act as a scheduling entity that schedules resources for one or more dependent entities (eg, one or more other UEF devices). In this example, the UEF device acts as a scheduling entity, and other UEF devices use resources scheduled by the UEF device for wireless communication. A UEF device can be used as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and/or in a mesh network. In the example of a mesh network, UEF devices may optionally communicate directly with each other in addition to communicating with the scheduling entity.

Therefore, in wireless communication networks utilizing scheduled access to time-frequency resources and having cellular configurations, P2P configurations, and mesh configurations, the scheduling entity and one or more slave entities can communicate using the scheduled resources.

As previously mentioned, the RAN may include CUs and DUs. An NR ANF device (eg, gNB, 5G Node B, Node B, Transmit Reception Point (TRP), Access Point (AP)) may correspond to one or more ANF devices. NR cells can be configured as access cells (ACells) or data-only cells (DCells). For example, a RAN (eg, a central unit or a decentralized unit) may configure cells. A DCell may be a cell used for carrier aggregation or dual connectivity, but not for initial access, cell selection/reselection, or handover. In some cases, DCell can send no sync signal - in some cases, DCell can send SS. The NR ANF device may send a downlink signal indicating the cell type to the UEF device. Based on the cell type indication, the UEF device can communicate with the NR ANF device. For example, the UEF device may determine the NR ANF device to consider cell selection, access, handover and/or measurement based on the indicated cell type.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributed radio access network (RAN) 200 that may be implemented in the wireless communication system shown in FIG. 1 . The 5G access node 206 may include an access node controller (ANC) 202 . The ANC may be a central unit (CU) of the decentralized RAN 200 . The backhaul interface to the Next Generation Core Network (NG-CN) 204 may terminate at the ANC. The backhaul interface to the adjacent Next Generation Access Node (NG-AN) may terminate at the ANC. The ANC may include one or more TRPs 208 (which may also be referred to as ANF devices, NR ANF devices, Node Bs, 5G NBs, APs, or some other terminology). As mentioned above, TRP can be used interchangeably with "cell".

TRP 208 may be a DU. The TRP can be connected to one ANC (ANC 202 ) or to more than one ANC (not shown). For example, for RAN sharing, radio as a service (RaaS), and service-specific deployments, a TRP can be connected to more than one ANC. A TRP may include one or more antenna ports. TRPs may be configured to provide transmissions to UEF devices individually (eg, with dynamic selection) or jointly (eg, with joint transmission).

The home architecture 200 may be used to illustrate fronthaul definitions. Architectures can be defined to support front-end solutions between different deployment types. For example, the architecture may be based on transmitting network capabilities (eg, bandwidth, latency, and/or signal interference).

The architecture may share features and/or components with LTE. According to various aspects, Next Generation AN (NG-AN) 210 may support dual connectivity with NR. NG-AN can share a common foreground for LTE and NR.

This architecture enables cooperation between and among TRPs 208 . For example, cooperation may exist within and/or across TRPs via the ANC 202 . According to various aspects, an inter-TRP interface may not be required/existed.

According to various aspects, there may be dynamic configuration within architecture 200 with split logic functions. As will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 5, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and Physical (PHY) layer Can be adaptively placed in DU or CU (eg TRP or ANC respectively). According to certain aspects, an ANF device may include a central unit (CU) (eg, ANC 202 ) and/or one or more decentralized units (eg, one or more TRP 208 ).

FIG. 3 illustrates an example physical architecture of a decentralized RAN 300 in accordance with aspects of the subject matter. A centralized core network unit (C-CU) 302 can host core network functions. C-CU can be deployed centrally. C-CU functions can be offloaded (eg, to Advanced Wireless Services (AWS)) in an attempt to cope with peak capacity.

A centralized RAN unit (C-RU) 304 may host one or more ANC functions. Optionally, the C-RU can host core network functions at the local end. C-RUs can have a decentralized deployment. C-RU can be closer to the edge of the network.

The DU 306 may host one or more TRPs (Edge Node (EN), Edge Unit (EU), Radio Head (RH), Smart Radio Head (SRH), etc.). DUs can be located at the edge of the network and have radio frequency (RF) capabilities.

FIG. 4 illustrates example components of the ANF device 110 and UEF device 120 shown in FIG. 1 that may be used to implement aspects of the present disclosure. ANF devices may include TRPs. One or more components of ANF device 110 and UEF device 120 may be used to practice various aspects of this disclosure. For example, antenna 452, Tx/Rx 454, processors 466, 458, 464, and/or controller/processor 480 of UEF device 120, and/or antenna 434, processors 420, 430, 438, and/or Alternatively, a controller/processor 440 may be used to perform the operations described herein and illustrated with reference to Figures 14-15, 19-22.

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the design of an ANF device 110 and a UEF device 120 . The ANF device 110 and the UEF device 120 may be one of the ANF devices and one of the UEF devices in FIG. 1 . For the restricted association scenario, the base station 110 may be the macro ANF device 110c in FIG. 1, and the UEF device 120 may be the UEF device 120y. The base station 110 can also be some other type of base station. Base station 110 may be equipped with antennas 434a through 434t, and UEF device 120 may be equipped with antennas 452a through 452r.

At base station 110 , transmit processor 420 may receive data from data source 412 and control information from controller/processor 440 . The control information can be used for physical broadcast channel (PBCH), physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), etc. This material can be used for Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), etc. Processor 420 may process (eg, encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Processor 420 may also generate reference symbols, eg, for PSS, SSS, and cell-specific reference signals (CRS). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 430 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, control symbols, and/or reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide an output symbol stream to the modulator (MOD) 432a to 432t. Each modulator 432 may process a corresponding output symbol stream (eg, for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 432 may further process (eg, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from modulators 432a through 432t may be transmitted via antennas 434a through 434t, respectively.

At UEF device 120, antennas 452a through 452r may receive downlink signals from base station 110 and may provide the received signals to demodulators (DEMOD) 454a through 454r, respectively. Each demodulator 454 may condition (eg, filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a corresponding received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 454 may further process the input samples (eg, for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 456 may obtain received symbols from all demodulators 454a through 454r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols when applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 458 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) detected symbols, provide decoded data for UEF device 120 to data slot 460, and provide decoded control information to the control processor/processor 480.

On the uplink, at UEF device 120 , transmit processor 464 may receive and process data from data source 462 (e.g., for Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) and control from controller/processor 480 information (eg, for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)). The transmit processor 464 can also generate reference symbols for the reference signal. Symbols from transmit processor 464 may be precoded by TX MIMO processor 466 (if applicable), further processed by demodulators 454a through 454r (eg, for SC-FDM, etc.), and sent to base station 110. At ANF device 110, uplink signals from UEF device 120 may be received by antenna 434, processed by modulator 432, detected by MIMO detector 436 (if applicable), and further processed by receive processor 438 to The decoded data and control information sent by the UEF device 120 is obtained. Receive processor 438 may provide decoded data to data slot 439 and decoded control information to controller/processor 440 .

Controllers/processors 440 and 480 may direct operations at ANF device 110 and UEF device 120, respectively. Processor 440 and/or other processors and modules at base station 110 may perform or direct the implementation of functional blocks such as those shown in FIG. 9 and/or other processes for the techniques described herein. Processor 480 and/or other processors and modules at UEF device 120 may also execute or direct the implementation of corresponding/supplementary processes, eg, for the techniques described herein and shown in FIG. 10 . Memories 442 and 482 may store data and program codes for ANF device 110 and UEF device 120, respectively. The scheduler 444 can schedule UEF devices for data transmission on the downlink and/or uplink.

5 illustrates a diagram 500 of an example for implementing protocol stacking in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The illustrated stack of protocols can be implemented by devices executing in a 5G system. Diagram 500 diagram includes radio resource control (RRC) layer 510, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer 515, radio link control (RLC) layer 520, medium access control (MAC) layer 525 and physical (PHY) layer 530 The communication protocol stack. In various examples, the layers of the protocol stack may be implemented as separate modules of software, as part of a processor or ASIC, as part of a non-collocated device connected via a communication link, or various combinations of the foregoing. For example, collocated and non-collocated implementations may be used in protocol stacks for network access devices (eg, AN, CU, and/or DU) or UEF devices.

The first option 505-a shows a split implementation of the protocol stack, where the implementation of the protocol stack is split between a centralized network access device (eg, ANC 202 in FIG. 2 ) and a decentralized network access device ( For example, between DU 208 in Fig. 2). In the first option 505-a, the RRC layer 510 and the PDCP layer 515 may be implemented by a central unit, and the RLC layer 520, MAC layer 525 and PHY layer 530 may be implemented by a DU. In various examples, CUs and DUs may or may not be collocated. The first option 505-a may be useful in macrocell, minicell or picocell deployments.

The second option 505-b shows a unified implementation of the protocol stack, where the protocol stack is implemented in a single network access device (e.g., access node (AN), new radio base station (NR ANF device), new radio node B (NR NB), Network Node (NN), etc.). In the second option, the RRC layer 510, PDCP layer 515, RLC layer 520, MAC layer 525 and PHY layer 530 can all be implemented by the AN. The second option 505-b may be useful in femtocell deployments.

Whether the network access device implements part or all of the protocol stack, the UEF device can implement the entire protocol stack (eg, RRC layer 510, PDCP layer 515, RLC layer 520, MAC layer 525, and PHY layer 530).

FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example of a DL-centered subframe. A DL-centered subframe may include a control portion 602 . The control portion 602 may exist in the initial or beginning portion of a DL-centered subframe. The control portion 602 may include various scheduling information and/or control information corresponding to each portion of the DL-centered subframe. In some configurations, the control portion 602 may be a physical DL control channel (PDCCH), as shown in FIG. 6 . A DL-centered subframe may also include a DL data portion 604 . The DL data portion 604 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of a DL-centric subframe. DL data section 604 may include communication resources for communicating DL data from a scheduling entity (eg, UEF device or ANF device) to a dependent entity (eg, UEF device). In some configurations, the DL material portion 604 may be a physical DL shared channel (PDSCH).

The DL-centric subframe may also include a common UL portion 606 . Common UL portion 606 may sometimes be referred to as a UL burst, a common UL burst, and/or various other suitable terms. The common UL portion 606 may include feedback information corresponding to each other portion of the DL-centric subframe. For example, common UL portion 606 may include feedback information corresponding to control portion 602 . Non-limiting examples of feedback information may include ACK signals, NACK signals, HARQ indicators, and/or various other suitable types of information. Common UL portion 606 may include additional or alternative information, such as information related to random access channel (RACH) procedures, scheduling requests (SRs), and various other suitable types of information. As shown in FIG. 6 , the end of the DL material portion 604 may be separated in time from the beginning of the common UL portion 606 . This time interval may sometimes be referred to as a gap, guard period, guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms. This interval provides time for switching from DL communication (eg, receive operation by a slave entity (eg, UEF device)) to UL communication (eg, transmission by a slave entity (eg, UEF device)). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above is only one example of a DL-centered subframe, and that alternative structures with similar characteristics may exist without departing from the aspects described herein.

FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 illustrating an example of a UL-centered subframe. A UL-centric subframe may include a control portion 702 . The control part 702 may exist in the initial or beginning part of the UL-centered subframe. The control portion 702 in FIG. 7 may be similar to the control portion described above with reference to FIG. 6 . A UL-centric subframe may also include a UL data portion 704 . The UL data portion 704 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of a UL-centric subframe. The UL part may refer to communication resources used to transmit UL data from a dependent entity (eg, UEF device) to a scheduling entity (eg, UEF device or ANF device). In some configurations, the control portion 702 may be a physical DL control channel (PDCCH).

As shown in FIG. 7 , the end of the control portion 702 may be separated in time from the beginning of the UL material portion 704 . This time interval may sometimes be referred to as a gap, guard period, guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms. This interval provides time for switching from DL communication (eg, scheduling entity's receive operation) to UL communication (eg, scheduling entity's transmission). A UL-centric subframe may also include a common UL portion 706 . Common UL portion 706 in FIG. 7 may be similar to common UL portion 606 described above with reference to FIG. 6 . Common UL portion 706 may include additional or alternative information regarding channel quality indicators (CQI), sounding reference signals (SRS), and various other suitable types of information. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above is only one example of a UL-centric subframe and that alternative structures with similar characteristics may exist without departing from the aspects described herein.

In some cases, two or more dependent entities (eg, UEF devices) may communicate with each other using sidelink signals. Practical applications for such sidechain communications could include public safety, proximity services, UE-to-network relay, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, Internet of Everything (IoE) communications, IoT communications, mission-critical mesh networking, and/or Various other suitable applications. In general, a sidechain signal may refer to a signal transmitted from one slave entity to another slave entity without relaying the communication through the scheduling entity, even though the scheduling entity may be used for scheduling and/or control purposes. In some instances, licensed spectrum may be used to transmit sidechain signals (unlike wireless area networks, which typically use unlicensed spectrum).

UEF devices can operate in various radio resource configurations, including those associated with sending pilot tones using a dedicated set of resources (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) dedicated states, etc.), or with a common set of resources (e.g. RRC public state, etc.) Send the configuration associated with the boot frequency. When working in the RRC dedicated state, the UEF device can select a set of dedicated resources for sending pilot tone signals to the network. When working in the RRC common state, the UEF device can select a set of common resources for sending pilot tone signals to the network. In either case, the pilot tone signal sent by the UEF device may be received by one or more network access devices (such as AN or DU) or portions thereof. each receiving network access device may be configured to receive and measure pilot tone signals transmitted on a set of common resources and also receive and measure pilot tone signals transmitted on a set of dedicated resources allocated to the UEF device, Wherein for these UEF devices, the network access device is a member of a group of monitored network access devices for UEF devices. A CU receiving measurements from one or more of the receiving network access devices, or to which a receiving network access device sends pilot tone signals, may use the measurements to identify The serving cell or to initiate a serving cell change for one or more UEF devices. Millimeter (millimeter wave) systems

As used herein, the term "millimeter wave" generally refers to bands of spectrum in very high frequencies, such as 28 GHz. Such frequencies can provide the opportunity for very large bandwidths capable of delivering multi-Gbps data rates, as well as extremely high-density spatial reuse for increased capacity. These higher frequencies have traditionally been less robust for indoor/outdoor mobile broadband applications due to high propagation loss and susceptibility to jamming (eg, from buildings, humans, etc.).

Such challenges notwithstanding, at the higher frequencies at which mmWave operates, the small wavelength enables the use of a large number of antenna elements in a relatively small form factor. This property of mmWave can be exploited to form narrow directional beams that can transmit and receive more energy, which can illustrate the challenge of overcoming propagation/path loss.

These narrow directional beams can also be used for spatial reuse. This is one of the key factors in utilizing mmWave for mobile broadband throughput. Additionally, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths (eg, reflections from nearby buildings) can have very high energy, which provides an alternative path when line-of-sight (LOS) paths are blocked. Aspects of this disclosure may utilize such directional beams, for example, by using beams for RACH communications.

8 illustrates an example of an active beam 800 in accordance with aspects of the subject matter. ANF devices and UEF devices can communicate using a set of active beams. Active beams may refer to ANF device and UEF device beam pairs for generating data and control channels. The data beams can be used to transmit data, and the control beams can be used to transmit control information. As shown in FIG. 8, the data beam BS-A1 can be used to transmit DL data, and the control beam BS-A2 can be used to transmit DL control information.

The ANF device may monitor the beam using feedback from the UEF device and beam measurements. For example, the BS may use DL reference signals to monitor active beams. ANF devices may transmit DL RS such as measurement reference signal (MRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or synchronization (synchronization) signal. The UEF device may report the reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the received reference signal to the ANF device. In this way, ANF devices can monitor active beams. Instance Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure

A random access channel (RACH) is a channel that can be shared by multiple UEF devices and can be used by UEF devices to access the network for communication. For example, RACH can be used for dial setup and access to the network for data transfer. In some cases, the RACH may be used for initial access to the network when a UEF device switches from radio resource control (RRC) connected idle mode to active mode, or when switching in RRC connected mode. Furthermore, RACH can be used for downlink (DL) and/or uplink (UL) data arrival when the UEF device is in RRC idle mode or RRC inactive mode, and when re-establishing connection with the network. Certain aspects of the subject matter provide multiple RACH procedures and techniques for selecting a RACH procedure for communication.

9 is a timing diagram 900 illustrating an example four-step RACH procedure in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. A first message ( MSG1 ) may be sent from UEF device 120 to ANF device 110a and ANF device 110b on a physical random access channel (PRACH). In this case, MSG1 may only include the RACH preamble. At least one of ANF device 110a or ANF device 110b may respond with a Random Access Response (RAR) message (MSG2), which may include an identifier (ID) of the RACH preamble, a timing advance (TA), an uplink Road Grant, Cellular Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) and Fallback Indicator. As shown, MSG2 may include a PDCCH communication containing control information for subsequent communication on PDSCH. In response to MSG2, MSG3 is sent from UEF device 120 on PUSCH to ANF device 110a. MSG2 may include RRC Connection Request, Tracking Area Update and Scheduling Request. ANF device 110a then responds with MSG 4, which may include a contention resolution message.

10 is a diagram of an example uplink communication 1000 for MSG1 for a four-step RACH procedure in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter. Uplink communication 1000 begins with a DL common burst and ends with a UL common burst, as shown. The PRACH is included as part of the regulator UL burst between the DL common burst and the UL common burst, and includes a cyclic prefix (CP).

11 is a timing diagram 1100 illustrating an example two-step RACH procedure in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. A first enhanced message (eMSG1) may be sent from UEF device 120 to ANF device 110a and ANF device 110b on an enhanced physical random access channel (ePRACH). In this case, eMSG1 may include a RACH preamble for random access and a demodulation reference signal (RS) for RACH payload demodulation. eMSG1 may also include RACH messages including UE-ID and other signaling information (eg, Buffer Status Report (BSR)) or Scheduling Request (SR). At least one ANF device 110a or ANF device 110b may use a random ID that may include RACH preamble ID, timing advance (TA), backoff indicator, contention resolution message, UL/DL grant, and transmit power control (TPC) command. Respond with an Access Response (RAR) message (eMSG2).

In certain aspects, eMSG1 retransmissions may be handled as retries with transmit power ramps and with random timing to avoid collisions. The eMSG 2 retransmission can be realized by the mapping between the UE-ID in eMSG 1 and the UE-specific RNTI. The UEF device can monitor the common search space with UE-specific RNTI for retransmission of eMSG 2 . In some cases, mapping of RA resources (shifts, sequences, SF/slots, etc.) to RNTIs can be implemented such that UEF devices can monitor PDCCH to allow eMSG 2 combining. In some cases, the isochrones of eMSG 1 and eMSG 2 for a two-step RACH procedure may be similar to the isochrones for MSG 1 and MSG 2 of a four-step RACH procedure.

12 is a diagram of example uplink communications 1200 for eMSG1 for a two-step RACH procedure, in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter. As shown, uplink communication 1200 begins with a DL common burst and ends with a UL common burst. As shown, the ePRACH is included as part of the regulator UL burst between the DL common burst and the UL common burst. In this case, ePRACH includes RACH preamble and RACH message (payload), each including a cyclic prefix (CP).

In certain aspects of the subject matter, a four-step RACH procedure may be used when a UEF device transitions from an RRC idle mode of operation to an RRC connected active mode of operation. The two-step RACH procedure can be used when the UEF device is in handover (HO) in RRC connected active mode, or when the UE transitions from RRC connected inactive mode to RRC connected active mode. The operation mode of the UEF device is described in detail with reference to FIG. 13 .

13 is an example diagram 1300 illustrating different modes of operation of a UEF device in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, a UEF device may be in an RRC connected mode of operation or an idle mode of operation. In the RRC connected mode of operation, the UEF device can be active (RRC_ACTIVE mode) or inactive (RRC_INACTIVE mode). In both RRC_INACTIVE mode and RRC_ACTIVE mode, a UEF device context may exist in the radio access network (RAN). In RRC_INACTIVE mode, there may be no air interface resources allocated to the UE, and UEF devices may be able to send and receive small amounts of data.

In order to send nominal data, the UEF device may switch to RRC_ACTIVE mode, in which there may be air interface resources allocated to the UEF device and the UEF device is able to send and receive any data. Due to inactivity, a UEF device may enter an idle mode of operation, in which mode there may be a REACHABLE_IDLE mode and a power saving mode. In both REACHABLE_IDLE mode and power save mode, there may be no UEF device context in the RAN and there may be no air interface resources allocated for the UE. In REACHABLE_IDLE mode, UEF devices can send and receive small amounts of data. In some cases, after the reachability timer has expired, the UE may enter a power saving mode in which UEF devices may not be able to send and receive data.

The modes of operation of UEF devices described herein may be implemented for New Radio (NR). NR may refer to a radio configured to operate according to a wireless standard, such as 5G (eg, wireless network 100 ). NR can include Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) for wide bandwidths (e.g. over 80 MHz), millimeter wave (mmW) for high carrier frequencies (e.g. 60 GHz), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and mission-critical for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). NR cells may refer to cells that operate according to the NR network. An NR eNB (eg, ANF device 110) may correspond to one or more Transmit Reception Points (TRPs). Example of RACH procedure in mmWave (MMW)

Certain aspects of the subject matter generally relate to selecting a RACH procedure and one or more beams for transmitting RACH messages. Different beams can be sent in different directions and can be received with different signal qualities. In some aspects, the UEF device may select the beam with the highest signal quality for communication of RACH messages.

14 illustrates example operations 1400 for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, operations 1400 may be performed by an ANF device, such as ANF device 110a.

Operations 1400 may begin at block 1402 by transmitting a plurality of reference signals (eg, synchronization signals) using one or more beams. In some aspects, each of the one or more beams may transmit in different directions. At block 1404, the ANF device may receive a random access channel (RACH) preamble or RACH payload corresponding to one or more of the reference signals transmitted via at least one of the one or more beams at least one of .

15 illustrates example operations 1500 for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, operations 1500 may be performed by a UEF device, such as UEF device 120 .

Operations 1500 may begin at block 1502 by receiving a plurality of reference signals transmitted using one or more beams. In some aspects, each of the one or more beams may be sent in a different direction. At block 1504, the UEF device may determine at least one of the one or more beams for transmitting at least one of the RACH preamble or RACH payload, and at block 1506, transmit the RACH preamble based on the decision result. At least one of sequence signal or RACH payload.

In some aspects, the reference signal may be at least one of a synchronization signal, a channel state information reference signal, or an mobility reference signal. The synchronization signal may be at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal, or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) of a PBCH signal.

As described in detail with respect to Figures 19 and 20, the ANF device may send an indication of secondary carrier resources to the UEF. In this case, at least one of the RACH preamble or the RACH payload is transmitted by the UEF at block 1506 in FIG. subcarrier resource reception.

16 illustrates an example reference signal (eg, a synchronization (SYNC) signal) and RACH message protocol 1600 in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter. For example, an ANF device (eg, ANF device 110 ) may send one or more SYNC messages 1602 to a UE (eg, UE 120 ) to synchronize communications. Each SYNC message may include multiple symbols (eg, 13 symbols), and each symbol may be sent using a different beam (eg, in a different direction).

A UEF device may receive the SYNC message and decide on the beam (eg, symbol) with the highest signal quality. As shown, the RACH message 1604 sent by the UEF device may also include symbols that may correspond to symbols of the SYNC message. The UEF device may decide which beam (eg, symbol) in the SYNC message has the highest quality, and use the beam (eg, symbol) with the highest quality to send the RACH preamble (eg, MSG 1 of the four-step MSG1 RACH procedure). For example, if beam three (eg, symbol three) of the SYNC message is selected to have the highest quality, then beam three of the RACH message can be used to send the RACH preamble. In some cases, the UE may decide on the two highest quality beams (or symbols) for the SYNC message. UEF devices can use the two highest quality beams to transmit RACH preamble and RACH payload.

17 is a diagram 1700 illustrating example SYNC message 1602 and RACH message 1604 communications for a two-step RACH procedure, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. For a two-step RACH procedure, two symbols may be used to convey the RACH preamble and RACH payload (eg, eMSG1 ). Therefore, the symbols of the SYNC message can be grouped into groups of two symbols, each group being transmitted using a different beam.

The UEF device may decide the symbol group with the highest quality and transmit the RACH preamble and RACH payload using the beam corresponding to the selected symbol group. For example, the UEF device may decide that symbols three and four have the highest quality and may use the beams corresponding to symbols three and four of the SYNC message to transmit the RACH preamble in symbol three and the RACH payload in symbol four. In this case, the overall time resource management burden increases since both symbols three and four are being used compared to the case where different subcarrier resources are used to transmit RACH preamble and RACH payload. In some cases, the RACH preamble can be used as a reference signal (RS) for the RACH payload, and the RACH payload can be scrambled via the identifier of the RACH preamble (preamble ID), so that the ANF device can It is decided that the RACH payload is from the same UE as the RACH preamble.

18 is a diagram 1800 illustrating example SYNC and RACH messaging for a two-step RACH procedure in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. In this case, the RACH preamble and RACH payload may be transmitted using the same symbol but different frequency resources (eg, subcarrier resources). For example, if the UEF device decides that the beam corresponding to symbol three of the SYNC message has the highest quality, the UEF device may use symbol three (eg, and the beam corresponding to symbol three) but use different frequency resources to transmit the RACH preamble and RACH payload both.

In this case, the overall frequency resource management burden may increase. However, in a multi-beam RACH subframe, frequency resources may not be as scarce as time resources. Also, due to the short symbol duration, UEF devices may not be scheduled for PUSCH. In some aspects, separate reference signals (RS) may be used for the RACH preamble and RACH payload. Also, only UEF devices with good link gain are able to transmit two-step RACH, since UEF devices may have to split transmit power between RACH preamble and RACH payload. In some cases, the RACH payload can be scrambled via the RACH preamble ID so that the ANF device can decide that the RACH payload is from the same UEF device as the RACH preamble.

Certain aspects of the subject matter generally relate to techniques for sending RACH messages using different frequency resources. For example, the ANF device may indicate to the UEF device one or more subcarrier resources to be used for transmission of the RACH preamble and/or RACH payload, as described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 19 and 20 .

19 illustrates example operations 1900 for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, operations 1900 may be performed by a UEF device.

Operations 1900 may begin at block 1902 by sending an indication of secondary carrier resources to a UEF device. At block 1904, the ANF device receives at least one of a RACH preamble or a RACH payload based on the indicated subcarrier resources.

20 illustrates example operations 2000 for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, operations 2000 may be performed by a UEF device.

Operations 2000 can begin at block 2002 by receiving an indication of secondary carrier resources. At block 2004, the UEF device transmits at least one of a RACH preamble or a RACH payload based on the indicated subcarrier resources.

In some aspects, the total resources used for RACH preamble and RACH payload may be fixed. In other words, the increase in resources for RACH preamble can be offset with the increase in resources for RACH payload, so that the total resources allocated to RACH preamble and RACH payload do not change. In some cases, the indication of secondary carrier resources includes an indication of the split (eg, a ratio) between the RACH preamble and the RACH payload.

In some aspects, the indication of secondary carrier resources may be transmitted as part of at least one of a main information block (MIB), a system information block (SIB), or a mini-SIB message. The minimum SIB may represent the minimum SIB information for transmitting RACH configuration. In some cases, MIB, SIB or minimum SIB messages may be transmitted via at least one broadcast channel (eg, a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) or extended PBCH). In some aspects, a beam can be selected based on the SYNC message as described herein, and the RACH preamble and/or RACH payload can be transmitted using the subcarrier resource and via the selected beam.

21 illustrates example operations 2100 for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. In some aspects, operations 2100 may be performed by a UEF device.

Operations 2100 may begin at block 2102 by receiving a plurality of reference signals (eg, SYNC signals) using one or more beams. At block 2104, the UEF device may determine the number of steps for a random access channel (RACH) procedure based on the signal quality corresponding to the reference signal, and at block 2106, transmit a RACH signal based on the determined number of steps (e.g. , the RACH preamble and/or RACH payload described herein).

UEF devices are capable of supporting the four-step and two-step RACH procedures described with respect to Figures 9 and 11, and may decide which RACH procedure to use based on the number of beams (or symbols) deemed to be of acceptable quality. For example, a quality parameter of a beam may be compared to a threshold, and if the quality parameter is above the threshold (or below, depending on the quality parameter used), the beam is considered to be of acceptable quality. For example, if the UE decides that two symbols have signal quality above a threshold, the UEF device may decide to use a two-step RACH procedure and send the RACH preamble in the first symbol and the RACH payload in the second symbol. Otherwise, if the UEF device decides that only a single symbol has a signal quality higher than the threshold, the UEF device may decide to use the four-step RACH procedure and only send the RACH preamble in the determined symbol. In some cases, if the UEF device decides that only a single symbol has a signal quality above the threshold, the UEF device may decide to use a two-step RACH procedure and use different frequency resources for RACH preamble and RACH payload.

22 illustrates example operations 2200 for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. In some aspects, operations 2200 may be performed by an ANF device.

Operations 2200 may begin at block 2202 by detecting a random access channel (RACH) preamble corresponding to one of a plurality of reference signals transmitted via one or more beams. At block 2204, the UEF device may determine a configuration for monitoring at least one beam corresponding to the detection of the RACH preamble, and at block 2206, monitor the at least one beam based on a result of the determination. For example, deciding a configuration may include deciding a duration for monitoring a beam on which a RACH signal is detected, as described in more detail with respect to FIG. 23 .

23 is a diagram 2300 illustrating example reference signals (synchronization (SYNC) signals) and RACH messaging for a two-step RACH procedure, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The ANF device monitors the RACH preamble in one direction (eg, beam), and if a preamble is detected, the ANF device continues to monitor that direction (or beam) to receive the RACH payload. Otherwise, the ANF device can move to the next beam or direction. For example, an ANF device may be configured to monitor beams 0-6 in symbols 0-6.

In symbol 7+s (eg, symbol 10 when s = symbol 3), if no RACH preamble is detected in symbol s, the ANF device may monitor beam 7+s. However, if a RACH preamble is detected in symbol s, the ANF device can monitor beam s (same beam (direction) compared to symbol s) in symbol 7+s to decode the RACH payload. In some cases, RACH preambles and RACH payloads of different beams may partially overlap. In some aspects, the time that the ANF device could otherwise spend monitoring all the different possible beam directions can be reduced, and the BS can be allowed to monitor good/bad link budget UEF devices.

In some aspects, separate RACH subframes may be used for MSG1 (eg, RACH preamble only) and eMSG1 (eg, RACH preamble and RACH payload). Each RACH subframe can be optimized for a specific transmission. Specifically, the eMSG1 subframe may have a longer duration and different periodicity than the subframes that may be used for MSG1 with only RACH preamble. This may involve an additional management burden for both types of reserved RACH subframes.

Alternatively, eMSG1 may be transmitted in two parts on two separate beams. The first part can be similar to MSG1 and the second part can be similar to MSG3. Furthermore, the first part may carry information about the second part (eg its frequency allocation). In some aspects, the second part can include RS and data transmission. In this case, the UEF device may use both detected beams (eg, of the SYNC message). However, if only one strong beam is detected, the UEF device can switch to the four-step RACH procedure. RS may be included in two parts for RACH preamble and RACH payload, and may be correlated via one-to-one mapping to allow ANF devices to identify and match the two parts.

Although the examples provided herein have described using the SYNC signal to facilitate RACH communication, any reference signal may be used, such as a channel state information reference signal or an action reference signal. In some cases, the SYNC signal may be at least one of PSS, SSS, PBCH signal, or DMRS of the PBCH signal.

A method disclosed herein includes one or more steps or actions for carrying out the method. The method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with each other without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is specified, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claimed claims.

As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one" of a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including individual members. As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to encompass a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, and any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c , a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

As used herein, the term "decision" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, exporting, investigating, viewing (eg, viewing in a table, database, or other data structure), approving, etc. Moreover, "determining" may include receiving (eg, receiving information), accessing (eg, accessing data in memory), and the like. Also, "determining" may include resolving, selecting, selecting, establishing, and the like.

The preceding description is provided to enable one having ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Accordingly, claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein an element referred to in the singular is not intended to mean "only one" unless specifically stated otherwise. It means "one or more". Unless stated otherwise, the term "some" means one or more. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure are known or hereafter come to be known to those having ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains, are expressly incorporated herein by reference, and are intended to be covered by the scope of the patent application. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. Unless an element of a claim is explicitly recited using the phrase "means for" or, in the case of a method claim, the phrase "step for" element, otherwise the element will not be interpreted under the relevant provisions of the United States patent law.

Various operations of the above methods may be performed via any suitable unit capable of performing corresponding functions. These units may include various hardware and/or software components and/or modules, including but not limited to circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or processors. In general, where there are operations shown in the figures, these operations may have corresponding equivalent functional module components with similar numbering.

The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with this disclosure can be used in general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), individual gate or transistor logic, individual hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

If implemented in hardware, an example hardware setup may include a processing system in a wireless node. The processing system can be implemented using a bus architecture. The busbars may include any number of interconnecting busbars and bridges, depending on the specific application and overall design constraints of the processing system. A bus may link together various circuits including a processor, a machine-readable medium, and a bus interface. The bus interface may be used to connect network interface cards, etc., to the processing system via the bus. Network adapters can be used to implement signal processing functions at the PHY layer. In the case of a user terminal 120 (see FIG. 1 ), a user interface (eg, keyboard, display, mouse, joystick, etc.) may also be connected to the bus. The bus bar can also be connected to various other circuits known in the field of the present invention, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, etc., and will not be described in detail because they are known. A processor can be implemented with one or more general and/or special purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuits that execute software. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality for a processing system depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.

If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, data or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or otherwise. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media and communication media includes any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The processor may be responsible for bus management and general processing, including executing software modules stored on machine-readable storage media. A computer-readable storage medium can be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor. By way of example, a machine-readable medium may include a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and/or a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, separate from the wireless node, all of which may be read by a processor via a bus interface access. Alternatively or additionally, the machine-readable medium, or any portion thereof, may be integrated into the processor, such as with cache memory and/or a general purpose register file. Examples of machine-readable storage media may include, for example, RAM (Random Access Memory), Flash Memory, ROM (Read Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Design read-only memory), EEPROM (Electronic Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), scratchpad, magnetic disk, optical disk, hard disk or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination of the above. A machine-readable medium can be embodied in a computer program product.

A software module may comprise a single instruction, or many instructions, and may be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across multiple storage media. The computer readable medium may include multiple software modules. Software modules include instructions that, when executed by a device such as a processor, cause the processing system to perform various functions. The software modules may include a transmission module and a reception module. Each software module may reside resident in a single repository, or distributed among multiple depositories. For example, when a trigger event occurs, a software module can be loaded from the hard disk into RAM. During the execution of the software module, the processor can load some instructions into the cache to improve the access speed. One or more cache lines may then be loaded into the general purpose register file for execution by the processor. When referring to the functionality of a software module below, it will be understood that such functionality is carried out by the processor when executing instructions from the software module.

Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technology such as infrared (IR), radio, microwave, then the definition of medium These include coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, compact disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disc, and Blu-ray Disc® where discs usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce optically with lasers material. Thus, in some aspects computer readable media may comprise non-transitory computer readable media (eg, tangible media). In addition, for other aspects, a computer-readable medium may comprise a transitory computer-readable medium (eg, a signal). The above combinations should also be included in the category of computer-readable media.

Accordingly, certain aspects may include a computer program product for performing the operations presented herein. For example, such a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium having stored thereon (and/or encoded) instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein.

In addition, it should be understood that modules and/or other suitable units for implementing the methods and techniques described herein may be appropriately downloaded and/or obtained from the user terminal and/or the base station in other ways. For example, such a device can be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of means for performing the methods described herein. Alternatively, the various methods described herein may be provided via a storage unit (eg, RAM, ROM, physical storage media such as compact disc (CD) or floppy disk), so that the user terminal and/or base station can Various methods are obtained when the storage unit is coupled to or provided to the device. In addition, any other suitable technique for providing the methods and techniques described herein to a device may be used.

It should be understood that the claims are not limited to the precise configuration and components shown above. Various modifications, changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the methods and apparatus described above without departing from the scope of the claimed claims.

100‧‧‧wireless network 102a‧‧‧macrocell 102b‧‧‧macrocell 102c‧‧‧macrocell 102x‧‧‧picocell 102y‧‧‧femtocell 102z‧‧‧femtocell 110‧ ‧‧BS110a‧‧‧BS110b‧‧‧BS110c‧‧‧BS110r‧‧‧Relay Station 110x‧‧‧ANF Equipment 110y‧‧‧ANF Equipment 110z‧‧‧ANF Equipment 120‧‧‧UEF Equipment 120r‧‧‧UEF Equipment 120x ‧‧‧UEF Equipment 120y‧‧‧UEF Equipment 130‧‧‧Network Controller 200‧‧‧Distributed Radio Access Network (RAN) 202‧‧‧Access Node Controller (ANC) 204‧‧‧Core Network (NG-CN) 206‧‧‧5G Access Node 208‧‧‧TRP210‧‧‧AN (NG-AN)300‧‧‧Distributed RAN302‧‧‧Centralized Core Network Unit (C-CU) 304‧‧‧Centralized RAN Unit (C-RU) 306‧‧‧DU 412‧‧‧Data Source 420‧‧‧Transmit Processor 430‧‧‧Transmit (TX) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Processor 432a‧‧ ‧Modulator (MOD) 432t‧‧‧Modulator (MOD) 434a‧‧‧Antenna 434t‧‧‧Antenna 436‧‧‧MIMO Detector 438‧‧‧Receiving Processor 439‧‧‧Data Slot 440‧‧‧ Controller/Processor 442‧‧‧Memory 444‧‧‧Scheduler 452a‧‧‧Antenna 452r‧‧‧Antenna 454a‧‧‧Tx/Rx454r‧‧‧Tx/Rx456‧‧‧MIMO Detector 458‧ ‧‧Receive Processor 460‧‧‧Data Slot 462‧‧‧Data Source 464‧‧‧Transmit Processor 466‧‧‧TX MIMO Processor 480‧‧‧Controller/Processor 482‧‧‧Memory 500‧‧ ‧Figure 505-a‧‧‧First option 505-b‧‧‧Second option 510‧‧‧RRC layer 515‧‧‧PDCP layer 520‧‧‧RLC layer 525‧‧‧MAC layer 530‧‧‧PHY layer 600‧‧‧Graph 602‧‧‧Control Part 604‧‧‧DL Data Part 606‧‧‧Common UL Part 700‧‧‧Graph 702‧‧‧Control Part 704‧‧‧UL Data Part 706‧‧‧Public UL Part 800‧‧‧active beam 900‧‧‧timing diagram 1000‧‧‧uplink communication 1100‧‧‧timing diagram 1200‧‧‧uplink communication 1300‧‧‧diagram 1400‧‧‧operation 1402‧‧‧block 1404 ‧‧‧Block 1500‧‧‧Operation 1502‧‧‧Block 1504‧‧‧Block 1506‧‧‧Block 1600‧‧‧RACH Message Communication Protocol 1602‧‧‧SYNC Message 1604‧‧‧RACH Message 170 0‧‧‧diagram 1800‧‧‧diagram 1900‧‧‧operation 1902‧‧‧block 1904‧‧‧block 2000‧‧‧operation 2002‧‧‧block 2004‧‧‧block 2100‧‧‧operation 2102‧‧‧ Block 2104‧‧‧Block 2106‧‧‧Block 2200‧‧‧Operation 2202‧‧‧Block 2204‧‧‧Block 2206‧‧‧Block 2300‧‧‧Figure

In order that the manner in which the above recited features of the subject matter can be understood in detail, a more particular description briefly summarized above may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of the subject matter and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, as the description may apply to other equivalent aspects.

1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example telecommunications system in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter.

2 is a block diagram illustrating an example logical architecture of a decentralized RAN in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

3 is a diagram illustrating an example physical architecture of a decentralized RAN in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter.

4 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating the design of an example access node function (ANF) device and user equipment function (UEF) device in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

5 is a diagram illustrating an example for implementing protocol stacking according to certain aspects of the present disclosure.

6 illustrates an example of a DL-centered subframe in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter.

7 illustrates an example of a UL-centric subframe in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

8 illustrates an example of active beams in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

9 is a timing diagram illustrating an example four-step Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

10 is a diagram of an example uplink communication of a four-step RACH procedure in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter.

11 is a timing diagram illustrating an example two-step RACH procedure in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

12 is a diagram of an example uplink communication of a two-step RACH procedure in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter.

13 is an example diagram illustrating different modes of operation of a UEF device according to certain aspects of the present disclosure.

14 illustrates example operations for wireless communication by an ANF device, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

15 illustrates example operations for wireless communication by a UEF device in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

16 is a diagram illustrating example synchronization (SYNC) and RACH messaging in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter.

17 is a diagram illustrating example RACH messaging using time division multiplexing (TDM), in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter.

18 is a diagram illustrating example RACH messaging for a two-step RACH procedure using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

19 illustrates example operations for indicating subcarrier resources for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

20 illustrates example operations for receiving an indication of subcarrier resources for wireless communication, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

21 illustrates example operations for determining a RACH procedure, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

22 illustrates example operations for monitoring RACH messages in accordance with certain aspects of the subject matter.

23 is a diagram illustrating an example protocol for monitoring RACH messages in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

To facilitate understanding, the same reference numerals have been used, where possible, to denote identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one aspect may be beneficially utilized on other aspects without specific recitation.

Domestic deposit information (please note in order of depositor, date, and number) None

Overseas storage information (please note in order of storage country, institution, date, number) None

1400‧‧‧Operation

1402‧‧‧blocks

1404‧‧‧blocks

Claims (15)

A method (1400) for wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising the steps of: sending (1402) a plurality of reference signals to a wireless node using a plurality of beams; and receiving (1404) a message from the wireless node , the message includes: a random access channel (RACH) preamble and a RACH payload corresponding to one or more of the reference signals transmitted via at least one of the plurality of beams, wherein The message indicates that a received signal quality parameter associated with the at least one of the plurality of beams corresponding to the one or more of the reference signals exceeds a threshold. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reference signals include at least one of a synchronization signal, a channel state information reference signal, or a mobility reference signal. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the one or more beams is transmitted towards a different direction. The method according to claim 1 also includes the following steps: sending a random access response, wherein the RACH payload is received before sending the random access response. The method according to claim 1, wherein the RACH payload includes a UE identifier (ID). The method according to claim 1, wherein the RACH payload includes at least one of a scheduling request, a buffer status request, or a beam tracking request. The method according to claim 1, wherein the RACH payload is scrambled based on an identifier of the RACH preamble. The method according to claim 1, wherein the RACH preamble and a RACH payload are received using the same beam. The method according to claim 8, wherein the RACH preamble and the RACH payload are received using different time or frequency resources. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of: sending an indication of subcarrier resources, wherein at least one of the RACH preamble or the RACH payload is received via the indicated subcarrier resources of. A method (1500) for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising the steps of: receiving (1502) from a wireless node a plurality of reference signals transmitted using a plurality of beams; determining (1504) for at least one of the plurality of beams transmitting a random access channel (RACH) preamble and a RACH payload, wherein the determination of the at least one beam is based on using the at least one of the plurality of beams The references received a received signal quality parameter associated with one or more reference signals in the signal, wherein the received signal quality parameter exceeds a threshold; and sending (1506) a message to the wireless node based on the determination, the message comprising: the RACH preamble and the RACH payload. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of: determining a number of steps for a RACH procedure based on a signal quality corresponding to at least one of the beams, wherein the RACH preamble and the RACH are active The payload is sent based on the determined number of steps. The method according to claim 12, wherein: if the signal quality is determined to be acceptable by comparing the signal quality of at least two of the beams to a threshold, the RACH procedure comprises a two-step RACH procedure ; and the RACH preamble signal is sent via a first beam in the at least two beams, and the RACH payload is sent via a second beam in the at least two beams; or wherein: if determining that the signal quality is acceptable by comparing the signal quality of one of the beams to a threshold, the RACH procedure comprises a two-step RACH procedure; and The RACH preamble and the RACH payload are transmitted via beams with acceptable signal quality and using different frequency resources; or wherein: if by comparing the signal quality of one of the beams with a threshold After comparing and determining that the signal quality is acceptable, the RACH procedure includes a four-step RACH procedure. A base station (110) configured for wireless communication, comprising: means for transmitting (432a...432t; 434a...434t) a plurality of reference signals to a wireless node using a plurality of beams; means for receiving (432a...432t; 434a...434t) from the wireless node a message comprising: one or more of the reference signals sent via at least one of the plurality of beams A random access channel (RACH) preamble signal and/or a RACH payload corresponding to a reference signal, wherein the message indicates that the plurality of beams corresponding to the one or more reference signals in the reference signals A received signal quality parameter associated with the at least one beam exceeds a threshold. A user equipment (UE) (120) configured for wireless communication, comprising: means for receiving (452a...452t; 454a...454t) from a wireless node a plurality of reference signals transmitted using a plurality of beams; for determining (480) a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting components of at least one of the plurality of beams of a preamble and a RACH payload, wherein the determination of the at least one beam is based on reference signals received using the at least one of the plurality of beams a received signal quality parameter associated with one or more reference signals for which the received signal quality parameter exceeds a threshold; and for sending (452a...452t; 454a...454t) a message based on the determination to A component of the wireless node, the message includes: the RACH preamble and the RACH payload.

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