TWI790828B - Electric vehicle control system - Google Patents

Electric vehicle control system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TWI790828B
TWI790828B TW110143488A TW110143488A TWI790828B TW I790828 B TWI790828 B TW I790828B TW 110143488 A TW110143488 A TW 110143488A TW 110143488 A TW110143488 A TW 110143488A TW I790828 B TWI790828 B TW I790828B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
gear
speed
drive
input shaft
wheel
Prior art date
Application number
TW110143488A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
TW202321077A (en
Inventor
紀順得
陳執中
賴建宏
Original Assignee
光陽工業股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 光陽工業股份有限公司 filed Critical 光陽工業股份有限公司
Priority to TW110143488A priority Critical patent/TWI790828B/en
Priority to CN202211326683.0A priority patent/CN116142370A/en
Priority to FR2212130A priority patent/FR3129328A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI790828B publication Critical patent/TWI790828B/en
Publication of TW202321077A publication Critical patent/TW202321077A/en

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/06—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with spur gear wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
    • B62M6/50—Control or actuating devices therefor characterised by detectors or sensors, or arrangement thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0076—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M25/00—Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles
    • B62M25/08—Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles with electrical or fluid transmitting systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M7/00—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine
    • B62M7/02—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine with engine between front and rear wheels
    • B62M7/04—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine with engine between front and rear wheels below the frame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D28/00—Electrically-actuated clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/10—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12—Bikes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/12—Motorcycles, Trikes; Quads; Scooters
    • B60Y2200/126—Scooters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
    • B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
    • B62J45/41—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
    • B62J45/412—Speed sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
    • B62J45/40—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof
    • B62J45/41—Sensor arrangements; Mounting thereof characterised by the type of sensor
    • B62J45/413—Rotation sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K2202/00—Motorised scooters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K2204/00—Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D13/52—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • F16D2023/123—Clutch actuation by cams, ramps or ball-screw mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0234—Adapting the ratios to special vehicle conditions
    • F16H2061/0237—Selecting ratios for providing engine braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0021—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/09—Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一種電動車的控制系統，包含一電動馬達、至少一車輪、一變速機構、至少一用於感測該電動車之車輛狀態的感測器，及一訊號連接該至少一感測器的控制單元。當車輛狀態異常而符合預先設定的第一條件時，該控制單元會將該變速機構切換至該第一檔位，這時該動力馬達仍可透過該變速機構帶動該至少一車輪，但該至少一車輪無法透過該變速機構帶動該動力馬達，因此當遇到下坡或該電動車被拖行等狀況而使該至少一車輪的轉速過高時，該至少一車輪不會帶動該動力馬達旋轉，如此可避免該動力馬達轉速過高，並抑止反電動勢的產生。A control system for an electric vehicle, comprising an electric motor, at least one wheel, a speed change mechanism, at least one sensor for sensing the vehicle state of the electric vehicle, and a control unit signally connected to the at least one sensor . When the state of the vehicle is abnormal and meets the preset first condition, the control unit will switch the speed change mechanism to the first gear position. At this time, the power motor can still drive the at least one wheel through the speed change mechanism, but the at least one wheel The wheels cannot drive the power motor through the transmission mechanism, so when the speed of the at least one wheel is too high due to conditions such as downhill or the electric vehicle is being towed, the at least one wheel will not drive the power motor to rotate, In this way, the rotational speed of the power motor can be avoided from being too high, and the generation of counter electromotive force can be suppressed.

Description

電動車的控制系統Electric vehicle control system

本發明是有關於一種控制系統，特別是指一種電動車的控制系統。The invention relates to a control system, in particular to a control system of an electric vehicle.

現時的電動機車多以永磁同步馬達作為動力來源，但此種馬達的轉速和其三相線所感應的電壓成正比，從而具有反電動勢特性，除了馬達被過度加速外，當車輪因下坡或車體被拖動等特殊情形而造成轉速過高時，都會使馬達的轉速過快而導致反電動勢過高，由於用於控制馬達的馬達控制器通常由金氧半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET)及電容組成，當反電動勢過高時，金氧半導體場效電晶體及電容就容易發生過壓擊穿而造成永久性失效。雖然現時有透過煞車回充或使馬達弱磁等手段來避免反電動勢過高，但這些手段仍存在失效的情況，例如當電池充飽電而關閉煞車回充，或是馬達控制器為斷電狀態的時候，上述手段便無法產生作用，因此現行應對馬達反電動勢過高的策略仍有不少改進之空間。Current electric vehicles mostly use permanent magnet synchronous motors as power sources, but the speed of this type of motor is proportional to the voltage induced by its three-phase line, so it has the characteristics of counter electromotive force. In addition to the excessive acceleration of the motor, when the wheels are downhill When the speed is too high due to special circumstances such as the car body being dragged, the speed of the motor will be too fast and the counter electromotive force will be too high. Because the motor controller used to control the motor is usually composed of a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET ) and capacitors, when the counter electromotive force is too high, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and the capacitor are prone to overvoltage breakdown and cause permanent failure. Although there are methods such as brake recharging or motor weakening to avoid excessive back electromotive force, these methods still have failures, such as turning off the brake recharging when the battery is fully charged, or the motor controller is powered off. When the state is high, the above-mentioned means will not be effective, so there is still a lot of room for improvement in the current strategy for dealing with excessively high back-EMF of the motor.

[本發明欲解決之課題][Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

因此，本發明之目的，即在提供一種可在各種行駛狀態下有效避免馬達反電動勢過高之控制系統。Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a control system that can effectively avoid excessive back electromotive force of the motor under various driving conditions.

[解決問題之技術手段][Technical means to solve the problem]

於是，本發明電動車的控制系統，包含一電動馬達、至少一車輪、一可被該動力馬達帶動並用於傳動該至少一車輪的變速機構、至少一用於感測該電動車之車輛狀態的感測器，及一訊號連接該至少一感測器的控制單元。該變速機構可受控制而切換至一第一檔位，當該變速機構切換至該第一檔位時，該動力馬達可透過該變速機構連動該至少一車輪，而該至少一車輪無法透過該變速機構連動該動力馬達。當該至少一感測器所測得的車輛狀態符合一第一條件時，該控制單元將該變速機構切換至該第一檔位。Therefore, the control system of the electric vehicle of the present invention includes an electric motor, at least one wheel, a transmission mechanism that can be driven by the power motor and used to drive the at least one wheel, and at least one sensor for sensing the vehicle state of the electric vehicle. A sensor, and a control unit that is signally connected to the at least one sensor. The speed change mechanism can be controlled to switch to a first gear position. When the speed change mechanism is switched to the first gear position, the power motor can drive the at least one wheel through the speed change mechanism, and the at least one wheel cannot pass through the gear. The speed change mechanism interlocks the power motor. When the vehicle state detected by the at least one sensor meets a first condition, the control unit switches the transmission mechanism to the first gear.

在本發明的一些實施例中，該變速機構還可受控制而切換至一第二檔位，當該變速機構切換至該第二檔位時，該動力馬達可透過該變速機構連動該至少一車輪，且該至少一車輪也可透過該變速機構連動該動力馬達，當該至少一感測器所測得的車輛狀態符合一第二條件時，該控制單元將該變速機構由該第一檔位切換至該第二檔位。In some embodiments of the present invention, the speed change mechanism can also be controlled to switch to a second gear position. When the speed change mechanism is switched to the second gear position, the power motor can drive the at least one gear through the speed change mechanism. wheels, and the at least one wheel can also link the power motor through the transmission mechanism. When the vehicle state measured by the at least one sensor meets a second condition, the control unit will shift the transmission mechanism from the first gear to shift to the second gear.

在本發明的一些實施例中，該至少一感測器可偵測該動力馬達的轉速，該第一條件為該動力馬達的轉速高於一第一閥值。In some embodiments of the present invention, the at least one sensor can detect the rotational speed of the power motor, and the first condition is that the rotational speed of the power motor is higher than a first threshold.

在本發明的一些實施例中，該至少一感測器可偵測該動力馬達的轉速，該第一條件為該動力馬達的轉速高於一第一閥值且持續超過一第一時間。In some embodiments of the present invention, the at least one sensor can detect the rotational speed of the power motor, and the first condition is that the rotational speed of the power motor is higher than a first threshold and lasts for more than a first time.

在本發明的一些實施例中，該至少一感測器可偵測該至少一車輪的轉速，該第二條件為該至少一車輪的轉速低於一第二閥值。In some embodiments of the present invention, the at least one sensor can detect the rotation speed of the at least one wheel, and the second condition is that the rotation speed of the at least one wheel is lower than a second threshold.

在本發明的一些實施例中，該至少一感測器可偵測該至少一車輪的轉速，該第二條件為該至少一車輪的轉速低於一第二閥值且持續超過一第二時間。In some embodiments of the present invention, the at least one sensor can detect the rotation speed of the at least one wheel, and the second condition is that the rotation speed of the at least one wheel is lower than a second threshold and lasts for more than a second time .

在本發明的一些實施例中，該變速機構包括一連動該動力馬達的輸入軸、一連動該至少一車輪的輸出軸、一設置於該輸入軸及該輸出軸上的減速齒輪組、一設置於該輸入軸上且可受控制使該減速齒輪組在該第一檔位及該第二檔位間切換的離合器，及一設置於該減速齒輪組上的單向離合件，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第一檔位時，該單向離合件使該輸入軸可透過該減速齒輪組帶動該輸出軸，但該輸出軸無法透過該減速齒輪組帶動該輸入軸，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第二檔位時，該輸入軸可直接透過該減速齒輪組帶動該輸出軸，該輸出軸也可直接透過該減速齒輪組帶動該輸入軸。In some embodiments of the present invention, the transmission mechanism includes an input shaft linked to the power motor, an output shaft linked to the at least one wheel, a reduction gear set arranged on the input shaft and the output shaft, a set A clutch on the input shaft that can be controlled to switch the reduction gear set between the first gear and the second gear, and a one-way clutch arranged on the reduction gear, when the reduction gear When the group is switched to the first gear, the one-way clutch allows the input shaft to drive the output shaft through the reduction gear set, but the output shaft cannot drive the input shaft through the reduction gear set. When the reduction gear set When switching to the second gear, the input shaft can directly drive the output shaft through the reduction gear set, and the output shaft can also directly drive the input shaft through the reduction gear set.

在本發明的一些實施例中，該減速齒輪組具有一固定於該輸入軸上的一檔輸入齒輪、一可相對轉動地樞設於該輸入軸上的二檔輸入齒輪、一可相對於該輸出軸樞轉地設置且與該一檔輸入齒輪相嚙合的一檔輸出齒輪，及一固定於該輸出軸上且與該二檔輸入齒輪相嚙合的二檔輸出齒輪，該一檔輸出齒輪套設於該二檔輸出齒輪上，且兩者沿徑向界定出一供該單向離合件設置的環狀空間。In some embodiments of the present invention, the reduction gear set has a first-speed input gear fixed on the input shaft, a second-speed input gear pivotally arranged on the input shaft in a relatively rotatable manner, and a second-speed input gear that can be relatively rotated relative to the input shaft The output shaft is pivotally arranged and meshed with the first-speed input gear, and a second-speed output gear is fixed on the output shaft and meshed with the second-speed input gear. The first-speed output gear sleeve It is arranged on the second gear output gear, and the two radially define an annular space for setting the one-way clutch.

在本發明的一些實施例中，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第一檔位時，轉動的該輸入軸使該一檔輸入齒輪帶動該一檔輸出齒輪旋轉，並透過該單向離合件連動該二檔輸出齒輪及該輸出軸旋轉，但轉動的該輸出軸無法透過該單向離合件連動該一檔輸出齒輪旋轉，從而無法帶動該輸入軸，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第二檔位時，該離合器使該二檔輸入齒輪隨該輸入軸轉動，並帶動該二檔輸出齒輪及該輸出軸旋轉，而轉動的輸出軸可透過該二檔輸出齒輪帶動該二檔輸入齒輪及該輸入軸旋轉。In some embodiments of the present invention, when the reduction gear set is switched to the first gear, the rotating input shaft causes the first-gear input gear to drive the first-gear output gear to rotate, which is linked through the one-way clutch The second-speed output gear and the output shaft rotate, but the rotating output shaft cannot drive the first-speed output gear to rotate through the one-way clutch, so that it cannot drive the input shaft. When the reduction gear set is switched to the second gear When in position, the clutch makes the second gear input gear rotate with the input shaft, and drives the second gear output gear and the output shaft to rotate, and the rotating output shaft can drive the second gear input gear and the second gear through the second gear output gear The input shaft rotates.

在本發明的一些實施例中，其中，該變速機構之離合器具有一可轉動地樞設於該輸入軸上且固定連接該二檔輸入齒輪的外盤體、一對應該外盤體地固定設置於該輸入軸上的內盤體、一可滑移地設置於該輸入軸上且位於該外盤體及該內盤體之間的從動盤、複數位於該內盤體及該從動盤之間的壓板，及複數與該等壓板交錯設置且連接該外盤體的摩擦板，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第一檔位時，該從動盤受壓而遠離該內盤體，使該等摩擦板及該等壓板相間隔，因此被該輸入軸帶動旋轉的該內盤體不會帶動該外盤體及該二檔輸入齒輪，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第二檔位時，該從動盤復位而靠近該內盤體，該從動盤及該內盤體相配合夾制該等摩擦板及該等壓板，使該等摩擦板及該等壓板彼此緊抵，因此被該輸入軸帶動的該內盤體會透過該等摩擦板及該等壓板帶動該外盤體及該二檔輸入齒輪旋轉。In some embodiments of the present invention, wherein, the clutch of the speed change mechanism has an outer disc body rotatably pivoted on the input shaft and fixedly connected to the second-speed input gear, and the outer disc body is fixedly arranged to the corresponding outer disc body. an inner disc body on the input shaft, a driven disc slidably arranged on the input shaft and between the outer disc body and the inner disc body, a plurality of driven discs located between the inner disc body and the driven disc Pressure plates, and a plurality of friction plates interlaced with the pressure plates and connected to the outer disc body, when the reduction gear set is switched to the first gear, the driven disc is pressed away from the inner disc body, so that the friction plates The plate and the equal pressure plate are spaced apart, so the inner disc driven by the input shaft will not drive the outer disc and the second-speed input gear. When the reduction gear set is switched to the second gear, the driven The disc is reset and close to the inner disc body, the driven disc and the inner disc body cooperate to clamp the friction plates and the pressure plates, so that the friction plates and the pressure plates are pressed against each other, so the driven disc driven by the input shaft The inner disc body drives the outer disc body and the second gear input gear to rotate through the friction plates and the pressure plates.

[本發明之效果][Effects of the present invention]

本發明之功效在於：當車輛狀態異常而符合預先設定的第一條件時，該控制單元會將該變速機構切換至該第一檔位，這時該動力馬達仍可透過該變速機構帶動該至少一車輪，使該電動車能在使用者的控制下前進，但該至少一車輪無法透過該變速機構帶動該動力馬達，因此當遇到下坡或該電動車被拖行等狀況而使該至少一車輪的轉速過高時，該至少一車輪不會帶動該動力馬達旋轉，如此可避免該動力馬達轉速過高，並抑止反電動勢的產生。The effect of the present invention is that: when the vehicle state is abnormal and meets the preset first condition, the control unit will switch the transmission mechanism to the first gear position, and at this time, the power motor can still drive the at least one vehicle through the transmission mechanism. wheels, so that the electric vehicle can move forward under the control of the user, but the at least one wheel cannot drive the power motor through the transmission mechanism, so when encountering a downhill or the electric vehicle is being towed, the at least one wheel When the rotation speed of the wheels is too high, the at least one wheel will not drive the power motor to rotate, so that the rotation speed of the power motor is prevented from being too high, and the generation of counter electromotive force can be suppressed.

在本發明的一些實施例中，其功效在於，當車輛狀態回歸正常而符合預先設定的第二條件時，該變速機構可受控制而切換至該第二檔位，該第二檔位讓該動力馬達及該至少一車輪可相互帶動，使該電動車在脫離轉速異常的情境後可回復原本雙向的動力傳動。In some embodiments of the present invention, its effect is that when the vehicle state returns to normal and meets the preset second condition, the transmission mechanism can be controlled to switch to the second gear, and the second gear allows the The power motor and the at least one wheel can drive each other, so that the electric vehicle can resume the original two-way power transmission after getting out of the situation of abnormal speed.

在本發明的一些實施例中，其功效在於，該第一條件是設定為該動力馬達的轉速高於一第一閥值且持續超過一第一時間，在此時切換可避免該動力馬達繼續升速而超過設計上限。In some embodiments of the present invention, its effect is that the first condition is set as the speed of the power motor is higher than a first threshold and lasts for more than a first time, switching at this time can prevent the power motor from continuing to Speed up and exceed the design limit.

在本發明的一些實施例中，其功效在於，當確定該至少一車輪的轉速降低至安全範圍時，便可切回該第二檔位，使該傳動方式回複成一般預設狀態。In some embodiments of the present invention, the effect is that, when it is determined that the rotational speed of the at least one wheel drops to a safe range, the second gear can be switched back, so that the transmission mode can be restored to a normal preset state.

在本發明的一些實施例中，其功效在於，當該減速齒輪切換至該第一檔位時，會使該單向離合件加入動力傳動鏈，且透過該單向離合件的特性，可使該動力馬達單向帶動該至少一車輪，當該減速齒輪切換至該第二檔位時，該單向離合件離開動力傳動鏈，故該動力馬達及該至少一車輪可彼此雙向連動。In some embodiments of the present invention, its effect is that when the reduction gear is switched to the first gear, the one-way clutch will be added to the power transmission chain, and through the characteristics of the one-way clutch, the The power motor unidirectionally drives the at least one wheel, and when the reduction gear switches to the second gear, the one-way clutch leaves the power transmission chain, so the power motor and the at least one wheel can be bidirectionally linked with each other.

在本發明的一些實施例中，其功效在於，該單向離合件設置於該一檔輸出齒輪及該二檔輸出齒輪之間，該一檔輸出齒輪旋轉時，可透過該單向離合件帶動連接該輸出軸的二檔輸出齒輪旋轉，且該單向離合件會使該二檔輸出齒輪旋轉時，不會帶動該一檔輸出齒輪旋轉，達到單向離合的效果。In some embodiments of the present invention, its effect is that the one-way clutch is arranged between the first-gear output gear and the second-gear output gear, and when the first-gear output gear rotates, it can be driven by the one-way clutch. The second-gear output gear connected to the output shaft rotates, and the one-way clutch will not drive the first-gear output gear to rotate when the one-way clutch member rotates the second-gear output gear, thereby achieving the effect of one-way clutch.

在本發明的一些實施例中，其功效在於，該離合器可透過該從動盤的受壓及復位，來驅使該等摩擦板及該等壓板相互遠離或相互夾合，進而使該減速齒輪組在該第一檔位及該第二檔位間切換。In some embodiments of the present invention, its effect is that the clutch can drive the friction plates and the pressure plates to move away from each other or clamp each other through the pressure and reset of the driven plate, thereby making the reduction gear set Switch between the first gear and the second gear.

參閱圖1、圖2，及圖3，本發明電動車的控制系統之一實施例，包含一動力馬達1、二分別位於前方及後方的車輪2、一與該動力馬達1及位於後方之車輪2相配合的變速機構3、二分別用於監測該動力馬達1及位於前方之車輪2的感測器4，及一訊號連接該等感測器4並可控制該變速機構3的控制單元5。該動力馬達1是架設於一車架單元61上，並由一電池單元62提供電能而運轉，且是透過一馬達控制器63(MCU)來控制。Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3, one embodiment of the control system of the electric vehicle of the present invention comprises a power motor 1, two wheels 2 positioned at the front and rear respectively, one and the wheels of the power motor 1 and the rear 2. Cooperating transmission mechanism 3, two sensors 4 respectively used to monitor the power motor 1 and the wheel 2 located in front, and a control unit 5 that is connected to these sensors 4 and can control the transmission mechanism 3 . The power motor 1 is erected on a frame unit 61 , is powered by a battery unit 62 to run, and is controlled by a motor controller 63 (MCU).

該變速機構3包括一連動該動力馬達1的輸入軸31、一連動位於後方之車輪2的輸出軸32、一設置於該輸入軸31及該輸出軸32上的減速齒輪組33、一設置於該減速齒輪組33上的單向離合件34、一設置於該輸入軸31上的離合器35、一連動該離合器35的推壓件36，及一用於帶動該推壓件36的驅動桿37。該減速齒輪組33具有一固定於該輸入軸31上的一檔輸入齒輪331、一可相對轉動地樞設於該輸入軸31上的二檔輸入齒輪332、一可相對於該輸出軸32樞轉地設置且與該一檔輸入齒輪331相嚙合的一檔輸出齒輪333，及一固定於該輸出軸32上且與該二檔輸入齒輪332相嚙合的二檔輸出齒輪334。該一檔輸出齒輪333套設於該二檔輸出齒輪334上，且兩者沿徑向界定出一環狀空間335。該單向離合件34設置於該環狀空間335內，其可在該一檔輸出齒輪333旋轉時帶動該二檔輸出齒輪334同步旋轉，但當該二檔輸出齒輪334旋轉時，該單向離合件34不會帶動該一檔輸出齒輪333，達到單向離合之功效。該離合器35具有一可轉動地樞設於該輸入軸31上且固定連接該二檔輸入齒輪332的外盤體351、一對應該外盤體351地固定設置於該輸入軸31上的內盤體352、一可滑移地設置於該輸入軸31上且位於該外盤體351及該內盤體352之間的從動盤353、複數位於該內盤體352及該從動盤353之間的壓板354，及複數與該等壓板354交錯設置且連接該外盤體351的摩擦板355。該推壓件36具有一可連動該從動盤353且可沿該輸入軸31被推動的推銷361，及一軸向插置於該輸入軸31中且可推動該推銷361的推頂桿362。該驅動桿37沿上下方向延伸且被馬達或其他動力元件帶動旋轉。The speed change mechanism 3 includes an input shaft 31 linked with the power motor 1, an output shaft 32 linked with the wheel 2 located at the rear, a reduction gear set 33 arranged on the input shaft 31 and the output shaft 32, and an The one-way clutch 34 on the reduction gear set 33, a clutch 35 arranged on the input shaft 31, a pusher 36 that drives the clutch 35, and a drive rod 37 for driving the pusher 36 . The reduction gear set 33 has a first-speed input gear 331 fixed on the input shaft 31, a second-speed input gear 332 pivotally arranged on the input shaft 31 that can rotate relatively, and a second-speed input gear 332 that can pivot relative to the output shaft 32. A first-speed output gear 333 rotatably arranged and meshed with the first-speed input gear 331 , and a second-speed output gear 334 fixed on the output shaft 32 and meshed with the second-speed input gear 332 . The first gear output gear 333 is sheathed on the second gear output gear 334 , and both of them define an annular space 335 radially. The one-way clutch 34 is arranged in the annular space 335, and it can drive the second-speed output gear 334 to rotate synchronously when the first-speed output gear 333 rotates, but when the second-speed output gear 334 rotates, the one-way Clutch 34 will not drive the first gear output gear 333 to achieve the effect of one-way clutch. The clutch 35 has an outer disc body 351 rotatably pivoted on the input shaft 31 and fixedly connected to the second gear input gear 332 , and an inner disc body fixedly arranged on the input shaft 31 corresponding to the outer disc body 351 352. A driven disc 353 slidably arranged on the input shaft 31 and located between the outer disc body 351 and the inner disc body 352, a plurality of pressure plates located between the inner disc body 352 and the driven disc 353 354, and a plurality of friction plates 355 interlaced with the equal pressure plates 354 and connected to the outer disc body 351. The pushing member 36 has a pushing pin 361 which can be linked with the driven disc 353 and can be pushed along the input shaft 31 , and a pushing rod 362 which is axially inserted in the input shaft 31 and can push the pushing pin 361 . The driving rod 37 extends vertically and is driven to rotate by a motor or other power elements.

參閱圖1、圖2，及圖4，該變速機構3可受控制而在一如圖4所示的第一檔位及一如圖2所示的第二檔位之間切換，當透過馬達等動力源帶動該驅動桿37旋轉至如圖4所示的位置，也就是切換至該第一檔位時，該驅動桿37會將該推頂桿362向內推動而使其在該輸入軸31內軸向移動，同時該推頂桿362也會推動該推銷361一起移動。由於該推銷361和該從動盤353連動，因此該從動盤353也會被帶動，造成該從動盤353遠離該內盤體352並靠近該外盤體351，前述的動作除了會壓縮該從動盤353及該內盤體352之間的彈簧356外，也會讓位於該從動盤353及該內盤體352之間的該等壓板354及該等摩擦板355彼此相間隔，如此一來當該輸入軸31被該動力馬達1帶動旋轉時，固定於該輸入軸31上的內盤體352會跟著旋轉，但該等壓板354及連接該外盤體351的該等摩擦板355卻不會跟著旋轉，因此該外盤體351及連接該外盤體351的二檔輸入齒輪332也就不會被帶動了。此時僅有固定連接該輸入軸31的一檔輸入齒輪331會旋轉，並帶動與其相嚙合的一檔輸出齒輪333旋轉，最後該一檔輸出齒輪333透過該單向離合件34帶動該二檔輸出齒輪334同步旋轉，以使與該二檔輸出齒輪334固定設置的輸出軸32能被帶動旋轉，進而驅動位於後方之車輪2轉動。在該第一檔位時，若位於後方之車輪2帶動該輸出軸32轉動時，跟著轉動的該二檔輸出齒輪334將無法透過該單向離合件34帶動該一檔輸出齒輪333轉動，因而無法透過該車輪2帶動該動力馬達1旋轉。Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 4, the speed change mechanism 3 can be controlled to switch between a first gear as shown in Fig. 4 and a second gear as shown in Fig. 2, when through the motor Wait for the power source to drive the drive rod 37 to rotate to the position shown in Figure 4, that is, when switching to the first gear, the drive rod 37 will push the ejector rod 362 inward to make it on the input shaft. 31 to move axially, and at the same time, the ejector rod 362 will also push the push pin 361 to move together. Since the push pin 361 and the driven disk 353 are interlocked, the driven disk 353 will also be driven, causing the driven disk 353 to move away from the inner disk body 352 and approach the outer disk body 351. The aforementioned actions will not only compress the driven disk body In addition to the spring 356 between the driven disk 353 and the inner disk body 352, the pressure plates 354 and the friction plates 355 between the driven disk 353 and the inner disk body 352 are spaced apart from each other, so that When the input shaft 31 is driven to rotate by the power motor 1, the inner disc body 352 fixed on the input shaft 31 will rotate accordingly, but the equal pressure plate 354 and the friction plates 355 connected to the outer disc body 351 will not Then rotate, so this outer disc body 351 and the second gear input gear 332 connected with this outer disc body 351 will not be driven. At this time, only the first gear input gear 331 fixedly connected to the input shaft 31 will rotate, and drive the first gear output gear 333 meshed with it to rotate, and finally the first gear output gear 333 drives the second gear through the one-way clutch 34 The output gear 334 rotates synchronously, so that the output shaft 32 fixedly arranged with the second gear output gear 334 can be driven to rotate, and then drive the wheel 2 at the rear to rotate. During the first gear position, if the wheel 2 at the rear drives the output shaft 32 to rotate, the second gear output gear 334 that rotates will not be able to drive the first gear output gear 333 to rotate through the one-way clutch 34, thus The power motor 1 cannot be driven to rotate through the wheel 2 .

當透過馬達等動力源帶動該驅動桿37旋轉至如圖2所示的位置，也就是切換至該第二檔位時，該驅動桿37不再內推該推頂桿362及該推銷361，因此該從動盤353及該內盤體352之間的彈簧356不再受壓而釋放彈力位能，這讓該從動盤353靠近該內盤體352且遠離該外盤體351，且該從動盤353與該內盤體352相配合夾制該等壓板354及該等摩擦板355，彼此緊抵的該等壓板354及該摩擦板355會因為摩擦力而一同轉動，這讓隨著該輸入軸31旋轉的內盤體352能透過該等摩擦板355連動該外盤體351同步旋轉，進而使該二檔輸入齒輪332轉動。該二檔輸入齒輪332會帶動相嚙合的二檔輸出齒輪334轉動，最終使該輸出軸32旋轉以帶動位於後方之車輪2。需要特別說明的是，在該前述過程中，該一檔輸入齒輪331同樣會帶動該一檔輸出齒輪333旋轉，但該單向離合件34會使該一檔輸出齒輪333無法帶動該二檔輸出齒輪334，以避免兩者相互干擾。另一方面，在該第二檔位時，由於動力傳遞並未直接經過該單向離合件34，因此該動力馬達1可依前述作動順序帶動該車輪2，該車輪2也可依相反之順序帶動該動力馬達1。When the driving rod 37 is rotated to the position shown in Figure 2 through a power source such as a motor, that is, when switching to the second gear, the driving rod 37 no longer pushes the ejector rod 362 and the push pin 361 inwardly, Therefore, the spring 356 between the driven disc 353 and the inner disc body 352 is no longer under pressure to release the elastic potential energy, which allows the driven disc 353 to be close to the inner disc body 352 and away from the outer disc body 351, and the driven disc 353 The disc 353 cooperates with the inner disc body 352 to clamp the equal pressure plates 354 and the friction plates 355, and the equal pressure plates 354 and the friction plates 355 which are pressed against each other can rotate together due to friction, which allows the input shaft to The rotating inner disk 352 can drive the outer disk 351 to rotate synchronously through the friction plates 355, and then make the second gear input gear 332 rotate. The second gear input gear 332 will drive the meshed second gear output gear 334 to rotate, and finally the output shaft 32 will rotate to drive the wheel 2 at the rear. It should be noted that, in the aforementioned process, the first-gear input gear 331 will also drive the first-gear output gear 333 to rotate, but the one-way clutch 34 will prevent the first-gear output gear 333 from driving the second-gear output. gear 334 to avoid mutual interference between the two. On the other hand, in the second gear position, since the power transmission does not directly pass through the one-way clutch 34, the power motor 1 can drive the wheel 2 according to the aforementioned sequence of actions, and the wheel 2 can also be driven in the opposite sequence. Drive this power motor 1.

參閱圖1、圖2，及圖5，在本實施例中，該等感測器4分別監測該動力馬達1的轉速，及位於前方之車輪2的輪速(在此處以車速來換算)。該控制單元5為車輛控制器(VCU)，可用於控制馬達帶動該驅動桿37旋轉。該控制系統的運作流程如圖4所示，在該電動車行駛時，若該動力馬達1的轉速高於一第一閥值時且持續超過一第一時間時，該控制單元5便會驅動該驅動桿37旋轉，以使該變速機構3切換至該第一檔位，透過該單向離合件34如前所述的單向傳動特性，使該動力馬達1可持續帶動後方之車輪2轉動，但該車輪2不會帶動該動力馬達1，如此可抑止該動力馬達1轉速過高，並避免該馬達控制器63發生過壓擊穿之情形。在本實施例中，該第一閥值約為12000RPM(約為時速120公里)，該第一時間約為0.1秒至2秒。當相對應感測器4監測到前方之車輪2的轉速低於一第二閥值且持續超過一第二時間時，該控制單元5驅動該驅動桿37旋轉，以使該變速機構3切換回該第二檔位，此時不僅該動力馬達1可帶動後方之車輪2，該車輪2也可帶動該動力馬達1而回復正常之行駛狀態。在本實施例中，該第二閥值約為時速95公里，該第二時間約為0.1秒至2秒。Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 5, in the present embodiment, these sensors 4 monitor the rotation speed of the power motor 1 and the wheel speed of the front wheel 2 (converted with vehicle speed here) respectively. The control unit 5 is a vehicle controller (VCU), which can be used to control the motor to drive the driving rod 37 to rotate. The operation flow of the control system is shown in Figure 4. When the electric vehicle is running, if the rotational speed of the power motor 1 is higher than a first threshold and lasts longer than a first time, the control unit 5 will drive The driving lever 37 rotates to switch the transmission mechanism 3 to the first gear, and through the one-way transmission characteristic of the one-way clutch 34 as mentioned above, the power motor 1 can continuously drive the wheel 2 at the rear to rotate , but the wheel 2 will not drive the power motor 1, so that the speed of the power motor 1 can be suppressed from being too high, and the motor controller 63 can be prevented from overvoltage breakdown. In this embodiment, the first threshold is about 12000 RPM (about 120 kilometers per hour), and the first time is about 0.1 second to 2 seconds. When the corresponding sensor 4 detects that the rotational speed of the front wheel 2 is lower than a second threshold and lasts for more than a second time, the control unit 5 drives the drive lever 37 to rotate so that the speed change mechanism 3 switches back to This second gear position, now not only this power motor 1 can drive the wheel 2 of rear, this wheel 2 also can drive this power motor 1 and get back to the normal driving state. In this embodiment, the second threshold is about 95 kilometers per hour, and the second time is about 0.1 second to 2 seconds.

需要特別說明的是，前述的該第一、第二閥值及該第一、第二時間可依該電動車的實際性能及消費者需求調整，不以前述的參數為限，且監測位於前方之車輪2的感測器4也可監測位於後方之車輪2，另一方面，本實施例也可以透過其他感測器4來監測該電動車的其他車輛狀態，並設定需要切換至該第一檔位的一第一條件，及可切換至該第二檔位以回復正常行駛狀態的一第二條件，以根據不同需求建立防止該動力馬達1轉速過高的保護機制，且具有相當大的設計彈性。更重要的是，本實施例不僅適用於一般車輛下坡或被拖行之情況，在該電池單元62滿電或該馬達控制器63斷電的情境下也能正常運作。It should be noted that the above-mentioned first and second thresholds and the first and second times can be adjusted according to the actual performance of the electric vehicle and consumer demand, and are not limited to the above-mentioned parameters, and the monitoring is located in the front The sensor 4 of the wheel 2 can also monitor the wheel 2 located at the rear. On the other hand, this embodiment can also monitor other vehicle states of the electric vehicle through other sensors 4, and set the need to switch to the first A first condition of the gear, and a second condition that can be switched to the second gear to return to the normal driving state, so as to establish a protection mechanism to prevent the power motor 1 from rotating too high according to different needs, and has a considerable Designed for flexibility. More importantly, the present embodiment is not only suitable for the general vehicle downhill or being towed, but also works normally when the battery unit 62 is fully charged or the motor controller 63 is powered off.

綜上所述，本發明可在該動力馬達1的轉速超過該第一閥值且持續該第一時間時，透過該控制單元5將該變速機構3切換至該第一檔位，使該動力馬達1可透過該單向離合件34帶動位於後方之車輪2，而該車輪2無法透過該單向離合件34帶動該動力馬達1，如此可避免該動力馬達1的轉速持續上升而超過設計上限，達到防止該動力馬達1的反電動勢過高而造成過壓擊穿之情形，故確實能達成本發明之目的。In summary, the present invention can switch the transmission mechanism 3 to the first gear through the control unit 5 when the rotational speed of the power motor 1 exceeds the first threshold for the first time, so that the power The motor 1 can drive the rear wheel 2 through the one-way clutch 34, but the wheel 2 cannot drive the power motor 1 through the one-way clutch 34, so that the speed of the power motor 1 can be prevented from continuously rising and exceeding the design upper limit , to prevent the situation of overvoltage breakdown caused by the excessive counter electromotive force of the power motor 1, so the purpose of the present invention can be really achieved.

惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。But what is described above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. All simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the present invention and the content of the patent specification are still within the scope of the present invention. Within the scope covered by the patent of the present invention.

1:動力馬達 2:車輪 3:變速機構 31:輸入軸 32:輸出軸 33:減速齒輪組 331:一檔輸入齒輪 332:二檔輸入齒輪 333:一檔輸出齒輪 334:二檔輸出齒輪 335:環狀空間 34:單向離合件 35:離合器 351:外盤體 352:內盤體 353:從動盤 354:壓板 355:摩擦板 356:彈簧 36:推壓件 361:推銷 362:推頂桿 37:驅動桿 4:感測器 5:控制單元 61:車架單元 62:電池單元 63:馬達控制器 1: Power motor 2: Wheels 3: Speed change mechanism 31: Input shaft 32: output shaft 33: reduction gear set 331: first gear input gear 332: second gear input gear 333: first gear output gear 334: second gear output gear 335: ring space 34: One-way clutch 35: Clutch 351: Outer disc body 352: Inner disc body 353: driven plate 354: pressure plate 355: friction plate 356: spring 36: Push piece 361: Sales 362: ejector rod 37: Drive rod 4: Sensor 5: Control unit 61: Frame unit 62: battery unit 63: Motor controller

本發明之其它的特徵及功效，將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現，其中： 圖1是一示意圖，為本發明電動車的控制系統之一實施例； 圖2是一俯視剖面圖，說明該實施例切換至一第二檔位的態樣； 圖3是一示意圖，說明該實施例中的電動車； 圖4是一俯視剖面圖，說明該實施例切換至一第一檔位的態樣；及 圖5是一流程圖，說明該實施例的運作方式。 Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the implementation manner with reference to the drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram, is one embodiment of the control system of electric vehicle of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a top sectional view illustrating the state of switching to a second gear in this embodiment; Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the electric vehicle in this embodiment; Fig. 4 is a top sectional view illustrating the state of switching to a first gear in this embodiment; and Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of this embodiment.

1:動力馬達 1: Power motor

2:車輪 2: Wheels

3:變速機構 3: Speed change mechanism

31:輸入軸 31: Input shaft

33:減速齒輪組 33: reduction gear set

331:一檔輸入齒輪 331: first gear input gear

332:二檔輸入齒輪 332: second gear input gear

35:離合器 35: Clutch

351:外盤體 351: Outer disc body

352:內盤體 352: Inner disc body

353:從動盤 353: driven plate

354:壓板 354: pressure plate

355:摩擦板 355: friction plate

356:彈簧 356: spring

36:推壓件 36: Push piece

361:推銷 361: Sales

362:推頂桿 362: ejector rod

37:驅動桿 37: Drive rod

4:感測器 4: Sensor

5:控制單元 5: Control unit

Claims (9)

一種電動車的控制系統，包含：一動力馬達；至少一車輪；一變速機構，可被該動力馬達帶動並用於傳動該至少一車輪，該變速機構可受控制而切換至一第一檔位，當該變速機構切換至該第一檔位時，該動力馬達可透過該變速機構連動該至少一車輪，而該至少一車輪無法透過該變速機構連動該動力馬達，該變速機構還可受控制而切換至一第二檔位，當該變速機構切換至該第二檔位時，該動力馬達可透過該變速機構連動該至少一車輪，且該至少一車輪也可透過該變速機構連動該動力馬達；至少一感測器，用於感測該電動車之車輛狀態；及一控制單元，訊號連接該至少一感測器，當該至少一感測器所測得的車輛狀態符合一第一條件時，該控制單元將該變速機構切換至該第一檔位，當該至少一感測器所測得的車輛狀態符合一第二條件時，該控制單元將該變速機構由該第一檔位切換至該第二檔位。 A control system for an electric vehicle, comprising: a power motor; at least one wheel; a speed change mechanism that can be driven by the power motor and used to drive the at least one wheel, and the speed change mechanism can be controlled to switch to a first gear position, When the speed change mechanism is switched to the first gear, the power motor can be linked to the at least one wheel through the speed change mechanism, and the at least one wheel cannot be linked to the power motor through the speed change mechanism, and the speed change mechanism can also be controlled to switch to a second gear position, when the speed change mechanism is switched to the second gear position, the power motor can drive the at least one wheel through the speed change mechanism, and the at least one wheel can also drive the power motor through the speed change mechanism ; at least one sensor, used to sense the vehicle state of the electric vehicle; and a control unit, signal-connected to the at least one sensor, when the vehicle state measured by the at least one sensor meets a first condition , the control unit switches the transmission mechanism to the first gear position, and when the vehicle state measured by the at least one sensor meets a second condition, the control unit switches the transmission mechanism from the first gear position Shift into this second gear. 如請求項1所述電動車的控制系統，其中，該至少一感測器可偵測該動力馬達的轉速，該第一條件為該動力馬達的轉速高於一第一閥值。 The control system of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor can detect the rotational speed of the power motor, and the first condition is that the rotational speed of the power motor is higher than a first threshold. 如請求項1所述電動車的控制系統，其中，該至少一感測器可偵測該動力馬達的轉速，該第一條件為該動力馬達的轉速高於一第一閥值且持續超過一第一時間。 The control system of the electric vehicle as described in Claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor can detect the rotational speed of the power motor, and the first condition is that the rotational speed of the power motor is higher than a first threshold and continues to exceed a first timing. 如請求項1所述電動車的控制系統，其中，該至少一感測器可偵測該至少一車輪的轉速，該第二條件為該至少一車輪的轉速低於一第二閥值。 The control system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor can detect the rotation speed of the at least one wheel, and the second condition is that the rotation speed of the at least one wheel is lower than a second threshold. 如請求項1所述電動車的控制系統，其中，該至少一感測器可偵測該至少一車輪的轉速，該第二條件為該至少一車輪的轉速低於一第二閥值且持續超過一第二時間。 The control system of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor can detect the rotation speed of the at least one wheel, and the second condition is that the rotation speed of the at least one wheel is lower than a second threshold and lasts over a second time. 如請求項1所述電動車的控制系統，其中，該變速機構包括一連動該動力馬達的輸入軸、一連動該至少一車輪的輸出軸、一設置於該輸入軸及該輸出軸上的減速齒輪組、一設置於該輸入軸上且可受控制使該減速齒輪組在該第一檔位及該第二檔位間切換的離合器，及一設置於該減速齒輪組上的單向離合件，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第一檔位時，該單向離合件使該輸入軸可透過該減速齒輪組帶動該輸出軸，但該輸出軸無法透過該減速齒輪組帶動該輸入軸，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第二檔位時，該輸入軸可直接透過該減速齒輪組帶動該輸出軸，該輸出軸也可直接透過該減速齒輪組帶動該輸入軸。 The control system for an electric vehicle as described in Claim 1, wherein the speed change mechanism includes an input shaft linked to the power motor, an output shaft linked to the at least one wheel, and a speed reducer arranged on the input shaft and the output shaft A gear set, a clutch arranged on the input shaft and capable of being controlled to switch the reduction gear set between the first gear and the second gear, and a one-way clutch arranged on the reduction gear , when the reduction gear set is switched to the first gear, the one-way clutch enables the input shaft to drive the output shaft through the reduction gear set, but the output shaft cannot drive the input shaft through the reduction gear set, When the reduction gear set is switched to the second gear position, the input shaft can directly drive the output shaft through the reduction gear set, and the output shaft can also directly drive the input shaft through the reduction gear set. 如請求項6所述電動車的控制系統，其中，該減速齒輪組具有一固定於該輸入軸上的一檔輸入齒輪、一可相對轉動地樞設於該輸入軸上的二檔輸入齒輪、一可相對於該輸出軸樞轉地設置且與該一檔輸入齒輪相嚙合的一檔輸出齒輪，及一固定於該輸出軸上且與該二檔輸入齒輪相嚙合的二檔輸出齒輪，該一檔輸出齒輪套設於該二檔輸出齒輪上，且兩者沿徑向界定出一供該單向離合件設置的環狀空 間。 The control system for an electric vehicle as described in Claim 6, wherein the reduction gear set has a first-speed input gear fixed on the input shaft, a second-speed input gear pivotally arranged on the input shaft in a relatively rotatable manner, A first-speed output gear pivotally arranged relative to the output shaft and meshed with the first-speed input gear, and a second-speed output gear fixed on the output shaft and meshed with the second-speed input gear, the The first-speed output gear is sleeved on the second-speed output gear, and the two radially define an annular space for the one-way clutch. between. 如請求項7所述電動車的控制系統，其中，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第一檔位時，轉動的該輸入軸使該一檔輸入齒輪帶動該一檔輸出齒輪旋轉，並透過該單向離合件連動該二檔輸出齒輪及該輸出軸旋轉，但轉動的該輸出軸無法透過該單向離合件連動該一檔輸出齒輪旋轉，從而無法帶動該輸入軸，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第二檔位時，該離合器使該二檔輸入齒輪隨該輸入軸轉動，並帶動該二檔輸出齒輪及該輸出軸旋轉，而轉動的輸出軸可透過該二檔輸出齒輪帶動該二檔輸入齒輪及該輸入軸旋轉。 The control system for an electric vehicle as described in Claim 7, wherein, when the reduction gear set is switched to the first gear, the rotating input shaft causes the first-gear input gear to drive the first-gear output gear to rotate, and through the The one-way clutch unit drives the second gear output gear and the output shaft to rotate, but the rotating output shaft cannot drive the first gear output gear to rotate through the one-way clutch unit, so it cannot drive the input shaft. When the reduction gear set switches When reaching the second gear position, the clutch makes the second gear input gear rotate with the input shaft, and drives the second gear output gear and the output shaft to rotate, and the rotating output shaft can drive the second gear through the second gear output gear. gear input gear and the input shaft rotates. 如請求項8所述電動車的控制系統，其中，該變速機構之離合器具有一可轉動地樞設於該輸入軸上且固定連接該二檔輸入齒輪的外盤體、一對應該外盤體地固定設置於該輸入軸上的內盤體、一可滑移地設置於該輸入軸上且位於該外盤體及該內盤體之間的從動盤、複數位於該內盤體及該從動盤之間的壓板，及複數與該等壓板交錯設置且連接該外盤體的摩擦板，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第一檔位時，該從動盤受壓而遠離該內盤體，使該等摩擦板及該等壓板相間隔，因此被該輸入軸帶動旋轉的該內盤體不會帶動該外盤體及該二檔輸入齒輪，當該減速齒輪組切換至該第二檔位時，該從動盤復位而靠近該內盤體，該從動盤及該內盤體相配合夾制該等摩擦板及該等壓板，使該等摩擦板及該等壓板彼此緊抵，因此被該輸入軸帶動的該內盤體會透過該等摩擦板及該等壓板帶動該外盤體及該二檔輸 入齒輪旋轉。 The control system of the electric vehicle as described in Claim 8, wherein the clutch of the speed change mechanism has an outer disc body rotatably pivoted on the input shaft and fixedly connected to the second-speed input gear, and a pair of outer disc bodies An inner disk body fixedly arranged on the input shaft, a driven disk slidably arranged on the input shaft and located between the outer disk body and the inner disk body, a plurality of driven disks located between the inner disk body and the driven disk body between the pressure plates, and a plurality of friction plates interlaced with the equal pressure plates and connected to the outer disc body, when the reduction gear set is switched to the first gear, the driven disc is pressed away from the inner disc body, so that The friction plates and the equal pressure plates are spaced apart, so the inner disk driven by the input shaft will not drive the outer disk and the second gear input gear. When the reduction gear set is switched to the second gear, The driven disc is reset and close to the inner disc body, and the driven disc and the inner disc body cooperate to clamp the friction plates and the pressure plates, so that the friction plates and the pressure plates are pressed against each other, and thus are driven by the input shaft. The driven inner disk will drive the outer disk and the second gear through the friction plates and the pressure plates. into the gear rotation.
TW110143488A 2021-11-23 2021-11-23 Electric vehicle control system TWI790828B (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TW110143488A TWI790828B (en) 2021-11-23 2021-11-23 Electric vehicle control system
CN202211326683.0A CN116142370A (en) 2021-11-23 2022-10-27 Control system of electric vehicle
FR2212130A FR3129328A1 (en) 2021-11-23 2022-11-22 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TW110143488A TWI790828B (en) 2021-11-23 2021-11-23 Electric vehicle control system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
TWI790828B true TWI790828B (en) 2023-01-21
TW202321077A TW202321077A (en) 2023-06-01

Family

ID=86372521

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW110143488A TWI790828B (en) 2021-11-23 2021-11-23 Electric vehicle control system

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116142370A (en)
FR (1) FR3129328A1 (en)
TW (1) TWI790828B (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201261389Y (en) * 2008-08-21 2009-06-24 纪孟豪 Automatic speed variator of electric vehicle
TW201134696A (en) * 2010-04-15 2011-10-16 Adlee Powertronic Co Ltd Electric motorcycle with mutual transmission control between electric motor and wheels
TWM464395U (en) * 2012-11-29 2013-11-01 Shou-Xin Huang Automatic gearshift driving device of Electric Vehicle
TWI651219B (en) * 2018-01-15 2019-02-21 紀孟豪 Electric motor vehicle power system and automatic clutching method thereof
TWM583393U (en) * 2019-05-21 2019-09-11 光陽工業股份有限公司 Protection system for overs-peed operation of electric vehicle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201261389Y (en) * 2008-08-21 2009-06-24 纪孟豪 Automatic speed variator of electric vehicle
TW201134696A (en) * 2010-04-15 2011-10-16 Adlee Powertronic Co Ltd Electric motorcycle with mutual transmission control between electric motor and wheels
TWM464395U (en) * 2012-11-29 2013-11-01 Shou-Xin Huang Automatic gearshift driving device of Electric Vehicle
TWI651219B (en) * 2018-01-15 2019-02-21 紀孟豪 Electric motor vehicle power system and automatic clutching method thereof
TWM583393U (en) * 2019-05-21 2019-09-11 光陽工業股份有限公司 Protection system for overs-peed operation of electric vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN116142370A (en) 2023-05-23
TW202321077A (en) 2023-06-01
FR3129328A1 (en) 2023-05-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9180765B2 (en) Hybrid powertrain with centrifugally-actuated motor disconnect clutch and method of control
CN103935355B (en) For the method that motor vehicles are maintained on inclined-plane
US5696680A (en) Electric motorcar drive system having shift-lever operated clutch means between electric motor and speed reduction gear
JP2014166847A5 (en)
WO2011052305A1 (en) Vehicle controller
JP6229728B2 (en) Control device and control method for hybrid vehicle
RU2646700C2 (en) Friction element temperature warning device and temperature warning method
WO2018083960A1 (en) Vehicle driving device
TWI790828B (en) Electric vehicle control system
JP2011037317A (en) Emergency control device of hybrid vehicle
US7677135B2 (en) Electromechanical power transfer system with multiple dynamoelectric machines
US9353801B2 (en) Electrified vehicle powertrain clutch
CN103935238A (en) Electric vehicle and electric drive system for electric vehicle
TWI453133B (en) Energy storage type of dual-drive coupled power distribution system
WO2023238119A1 (en) Electrical motor transmission
JP6149839B2 (en) vehicle
JP4726966B2 (en) Hybrid vehicle drive device, hybrid vehicle, and drive method
JP4419290B2 (en) Rollback suppression device for electric vehicle
JP6774401B2 (en) Power transmission device
US20130080002A1 (en) Method of operating a transmission system of an automotive vehicle of the four-wheel drive type comprising a means of mechanically coupling the first and second axles
JP2014145421A (en) Torque limiter and driving source control device for vehicle
JP2013536116A (en) Automotive power transmission device
TWI388443B (en) Electric motor between the motor and the wheel can control each other
CN102710195B (en) Backward slipping preventing motor drive controller for electric vehicle and control method
US8374760B2 (en) Control of multi-speed transmission