TWI790021B - Power conversion system with ripple injection and power conversion control method - Google Patents
Power conversion system with ripple injection and power conversion control method Download PDFInfo
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本發明係有關一種電源轉換系統與電源轉換控制方法,尤指一種具漣波注入之電源轉換系統與電源轉換控制方法。 The present invention relates to a power conversion system and a power conversion control method, especially a power conversion system with ripple injection and a power conversion control method.
電源轉換系統的輸入功率包括直流成分與漣波成分,一部分流入直流鏈(DC-Link)的電容器內,另一部分流入後級之電池充電器。在傳統作法中,電池充電器係以定電流的方式對電池充電,其中輸出功率為定值,只能消耗輸入功率直流成分,而輸入功率的所有漣波(交流)成分都將流入直流鏈的電容器內,造成電容電壓漣波較大,而容易導致電容器損壞。再者,若因為電網異常,使得輸入功率的波動在直流鏈上產生過大的電壓漣波,容易觸發過電壓保護而造成電池充(換)電站跳機的可能性。 The input power of the power conversion system includes a DC component and a ripple component, part of which flows into the capacitor of the DC-Link, and the other part flows into the subsequent battery charger. In the traditional method, the battery charger charges the battery with a constant current, in which the output power is a constant value, and only the DC component of the input power can be consumed, and all the ripple (AC) components of the input power will flow into the DC link. In the capacitor, the capacitor voltage ripple is large, which easily leads to damage to the capacitor. Furthermore, if the input power fluctuations cause excessive voltage ripples on the DC link due to an abnormal grid, it is easy to trigger the overvoltage protection and cause the possibility of tripping the battery charging (replacing) station.
為此,如何設計出一種電源轉換系統與電源轉換控制方法,尤指一種具漣波注入之電源轉換系統與電源轉換控制方法,解決現有技術所存在的問題與技術瓶頸,乃為本案發明人所研究的重要課題。 For this reason, how to design a power conversion system and power conversion control method, especially a power conversion system and power conversion control method with ripple injection, to solve the problems and technical bottlenecks in the existing technology, is the inventor of this case. important topic of research.
本發明之一目的在於提供一種具漣波注入之電源轉換系統,解決現有技術之問題。 An object of the present invention is to provide a power conversion system with ripple injection to solve the problems in the prior art.
為達成前揭目的,本發明所提出的具漣波注入之電源轉換系統包含交流-直流轉換單元、穩壓單元、至少一直流-直流轉換單元、至少一負載以及第一控制單元。交流-直流轉換單元具有第一輸入側與第一輸出側,第一輸入側耦接交流電源,提供輸入功率。穩壓單元耦接第一輸出側,提供直流鏈,且接收一部分的輸入功率為儲能功率。各直流-直流轉換單元具有第二輸入側與第二輸出側,第二輸入側耦接直流鏈,接收另一部分的輸入功率為輸出功率。至少一負載耦接第二輸出側,對應地接收至少一直流-直流轉換單元的接收輸出功率的供電。第一控制單元耦接直流鏈、直流-直流轉換單元以及至少一負載。第一控制單元根據輸入功率的漣波大小,控制至少一直流-直流轉換單元調節輸出功率的漣波大小,對至少一負載進行漣波注入操作。 To achieve the aforementioned object, the power conversion system with ripple injection proposed by the present invention includes an AC-DC conversion unit, a voltage stabilization unit, at least one DC-DC conversion unit, at least one load and a first control unit. The AC-DC conversion unit has a first input side and a first output side, and the first input side is coupled to an AC power supply to provide input power. The voltage stabilizing unit is coupled to the first output side, provides a DC link, and receives a part of the input power as energy storage power. Each DC-DC conversion unit has a second input side and a second output side, the second input side is coupled to the DC link, and receives another part of the input power as the output power. At least one load is coupled to the second output side, and correspondingly receives the power supplied by the received output power of at least one DC-DC conversion unit. The first control unit is coupled to the DC link, the DC-DC conversion unit and at least one load. The first control unit controls at least one DC-DC conversion unit to adjust the ripple of the output power according to the ripple of the input power, and performs a ripple injection operation on at least one load.
在一實施例中,第一控制單元判斷直流鏈電壓大於或等於閾值電壓時,啟動漣波注入操作。 In one embodiment, when the first control unit determines that the DC link voltage is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, the ripple injection operation is started.
在一實施例中,至少一直流-直流轉換單元共同平均地調節輸出功率的漣波大小。 In one embodiment, at least one DC-DC conversion unit collectively and averagely adjusts the ripple size of the output power.
在一實施例中,至少一直流-直流轉換單元為定電流操作,第一控制單元控制至少一直流-直流轉換單元進行電流漣波注入操作。 In one embodiment, at least one DC-DC conversion unit operates at a constant current, and the first control unit controls at least one DC-DC conversion unit to perform a current ripple injection operation.
在一實施例中,至少一直流-直流轉換單元為定電壓操作,第一控制單元控制至少一直流-直流轉換單元進行電壓漣波注入操作。 In one embodiment, at least one DC-DC conversion unit operates at a constant voltage, and the first control unit controls at least one DC-DC conversion unit to perform a voltage ripple injection operation.
在一實施例中,第一控制單元判斷輸入至直流鏈的功率漣波相位角,並且根據相符的功率漣波相位角啟動漣波注入操作。 In one embodiment, the first control unit determines a phase angle of a power ripple input to the DC link, and initiates a ripple injection operation according to the matched power ripple phase angle.
在一實施例中,具漣波注入之電源轉換系統更包含第二控制單元。第二控制單元耦接交流-直流轉換單元與直流鏈,接收交流電源。交流電源為三 相交流電源時,第二控制單元控制流入交流-直流轉換單元的一交流輸入電流的三相電流為平衡均流。 In one embodiment, the power conversion system with ripple injection further includes a second control unit. The second control unit is coupled to the AC-DC conversion unit and the DC link, and receives the AC power. The AC power supply is three When the three-phase AC power supply is used, the second control unit controls the three-phase current of an AC input current flowing into the AC-DC conversion unit to be balanced and share current.
在一實施例中,交流-直流轉換單元係為功率因數校正器。 In one embodiment, the AC-DC conversion unit is a power factor corrector.
在一實施例中,穩壓單元係為電容器。 In one embodiment, the voltage stabilizing unit is a capacitor.
在一實施例中,至少一直流-直流轉換單元係為電池充電器,至少一負載係為直流電池。 In one embodiment, at least one DC-DC conversion unit is a battery charger, and at least one load is a DC battery.
藉由所提出的具漣波注入之電源轉換系統實現技術功效:1、透過後級的漣波注入控制補償可避免穩壓單元(例如電容器)損壞或者啟動保護機制對電容器進行保護,如此可提升直流鏈的電容器壽命,並且減少維護電路成本;2、透過後級的漣波補償,可以使得前級PFC電路的三相電流平衡能夠進行優化,如此減少輸入電流的電磁干擾(EMI)效應,一方面也可以減小因電流不平衡對電網造成的危害。 The technical effects are achieved by the proposed power conversion system with ripple injection: 1. Through the ripple injection control and compensation of the subsequent stage, the damage of the voltage stabilizing unit (such as a capacitor) can be avoided or the protection mechanism can be activated to protect the capacitor, which can improve DC link capacitor life, and reduce maintenance circuit costs; 2. Through the post-stage ripple compensation, the three-phase current balance of the front-stage PFC circuit can be optimized, thus reducing the electromagnetic interference (EMI) effect of the input current, a On the one hand, it can also reduce the harm to the power grid caused by current imbalance.
本發明之另一目的在於提供一種電源轉換控制方法,解決現有技術之問題。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a power conversion control method to solve the problems in the prior art.
為達成前揭目的,本發明所提出的電源轉換控制方法係透過電源轉換系統係運行該電源轉換控制方法。電源轉換系統包含交流-直流轉換單元、穩壓單元、至少一直流-直流轉換單元、至少一負載以及第一控制單元。交流-直流轉換單元接收交流電源,且提供輸入功率。穩壓單元提供直流鏈,且接收部分的輸入功率為儲能功率。各直流-直流轉換單元耦接直流鏈,接收另一部分的輸入功率為輸出功率。至少一負載對應地接收至少一直流-直流轉換單元的輸出功率(pout)的供電。該電源轉換控制方法包含步驟:(a)、第一控制單元獲得直流鏈的直流鏈電壓;(b)、第一控制單元根據閾值電壓與直流鏈電壓選擇執行負載控制或者執行漣波注入控制與負載控制;(c)、第一控制單元選擇執行漣波注入控制與負載控制時,第一控制單元根據負載需求訊息與直流鏈電壓形成第一直流轉 直流控制指令,其中負載需求訊息係對應至少一負載所需自至少一直流-直流轉換單元擷取的功率;(d)、第一控制單元選擇只執行負載控制時,第一控制單元根據負載需求訊息形成第二直流轉直流控制指令;(e)、至少一直流-直流轉換單元根據第一控制單元所提供的第一直流轉直流控制指令或第二直流轉直流控制指令,對應自穩壓單元擷取功率,並進行直流電源轉換,以供應至少一負載所需電源。 In order to achieve the purpose disclosed above, the power conversion control method proposed in the present invention operates the power conversion control method through a power conversion system. The power conversion system includes an AC-DC conversion unit, a voltage stabilizing unit, at least one DC-DC conversion unit, at least one load and a first control unit. The AC-DC conversion unit receives AC power and provides input power. The voltage stabilizing unit provides a DC link, and the input power of the receiving part is the energy storage power. Each DC-DC conversion unit is coupled to the DC link, and receives another part of input power as output power. The at least one load correspondingly receives power supplied by the output power (p out ) of at least one DC-DC conversion unit. The power conversion control method includes steps: (a), the first control unit obtains the DC link voltage of the DC link; (b), the first control unit selects and executes load control or ripple injection control and Load control; (c), when the first control unit chooses to perform ripple injection control and load control, the first control unit forms a first DC-to-DC control command according to the load demand message and the DC link voltage, wherein the load demand message corresponds to at least A load needs to extract power from at least one DC-DC conversion unit; (d), when the first control unit chooses to only perform load control, the first control unit forms a second DC-to-DC control command according to the load demand message; ( e) at least one DC-DC conversion unit, according to the first DC-to-DC control command or the second DC-to-DC control command provided by the first control unit, correspondingly extracts power from the voltage stabilization unit and performs DC power conversion, so as to Supply power required by at least one load.
在一實施例中,在步驟(b)中,第一控制單元判斷相應直流鏈電壓大於或等於閾值電壓時,啟動漣波注入控制。 In one embodiment, in step (b), when the first control unit judges that the corresponding DC link voltage is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, the ripple injection control is started.
在一實施例中,至少一直流-直流轉換單元共同平均地調節輸出功率的漣波大小。 In one embodiment, at least one DC-DC conversion unit collectively and averagely adjusts the ripple size of the output power.
在一實施例中,至少一直流-直流轉換單元為定電流操作,第一控制單元控制至少一直流-直流轉換單元進行電流漣波注入控制。 In one embodiment, at least one DC-DC conversion unit operates at a constant current, and the first control unit controls at least one DC-DC conversion unit to perform current ripple injection control.
在一實施例中,至少一直流-直流轉換單元為定電壓操作,第一控制單元控制至少一直流-直流轉換單元進行電壓漣波注入控制。 In one embodiment, at least one DC-DC conversion unit operates at a constant voltage, and the first control unit controls at least one DC-DC conversion unit to perform voltage ripple injection control.
在一實施例中,第一控制單元判斷輸入至直流鏈的功率漣波相位角,並且根據相符的功率漣波相位角啟動漣波注入控制。 In one embodiment, the first control unit judges the phase angle of the power ripple input to the DC link, and activates the ripple injection control according to the matched power ripple phase angle.
在一實施例中,電源轉換系統更包含第二控制單元。第二控制單元耦接交流-直流轉換單元與直流鏈,接收交流電源。電源轉換控制方法包含更步驟:(f)、交流電源為三相交流電源時,第二控制單元控制流入交流-直流轉換單元的交流輸入電流的三相電流為平衡均流。 In one embodiment, the power conversion system further includes a second control unit. The second control unit is coupled to the AC-DC conversion unit and the DC link, and receives the AC power. The power conversion control method includes further steps: (f), when the AC power supply is a three-phase AC power supply, the second control unit controls the three-phase current of the AC input current flowing into the AC-DC conversion unit to be balanced and share current.
藉由所提出的電源轉換控制方法實現技術功效:1、透過後級的漣波注入控制補償可避免穩壓單元(例如電容器)損壞或者啟動保護機制對電容器進行保護,如此可提升直流鏈的電容器壽命,並且減少維護電路成本;2、透過後級的漣波補償,可以使得前級PFC電路的三相電流平衡能夠進行優化,如此 減少輸入電流的電磁干擾(EMI)效應,一方面也可以減小因電流不平衡對電網造成的危害。 The technical effects are achieved by the proposed power conversion control method: 1. Through the ripple injection control compensation of the subsequent stage, the damage of the voltage stabilization unit (such as a capacitor) can be avoided or the protection mechanism can be activated to protect the capacitor, so that the capacitor of the DC link can be improved. 2. Through the ripple compensation of the rear stage, the three-phase current balance of the front stage PFC circuit can be optimized, so Reducing the electromagnetic interference (EMI) effect of the input current, on the one hand, can also reduce the harm to the power grid caused by the current imbalance.
為了能更進一步瞭解本發明為達成預定目的所採取之技術、手段及功效,請參閱以下有關本發明之詳細說明與附圖,相信本發明之目的、特徵與特點,當可由此得一深入且具體之瞭解,然而所附圖式僅提供參考與說明用,並非用來對本發明加以限制者。 In order to further understand the technology, means and effects that the present invention adopts to achieve the predetermined purpose, please refer to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings of the present invention. It is believed that the purpose, characteristics and characteristics of the present invention can be obtained from this in depth and For specific understanding, however, the accompanying drawings are provided for reference and illustration only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
10:交流-直流轉換單元 10: AC-DC conversion unit
20:穩壓單元 20: voltage stabilizing unit
30:直流-直流轉換單元 30: DC-DC conversion unit
40:負載 40: load
50:第一控制單元 50: The first control unit
60:第二控制單元 60:Second control unit
VAC:交流電源 V AC : AC power
pin:輸入功率 pin : input power
pout:輸出功率 p out : output power
pc:儲能功率 p c : energy storage power
LDC:直流鏈 L DC : DC link
vdc:直流鏈電壓 v dc : DC link voltage
idc:直流鏈輸入電流 i dc : DC link input current
vdc,th:閾值電壓 v dc,th : threshold voltage
OVP:過電壓保護電壓 OVP: over voltage protection voltage
S11~S15:步驟 S11~S15: Steps
圖1:係為本發明具漣波注入之電源轉換系統之第一實施例的方塊圖。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the first embodiment of the power conversion system with ripple injection according to the present invention.
圖2:係為本發明具漣波注入之電源轉換系統之第二實施例的方塊圖。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the second embodiment of the power conversion system with ripple injection according to the present invention.
圖3:係為本發明以電池充電站為應用之電源轉換系統的方塊圖。 FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the power conversion system for the application of the battery charging station according to the present invention.
圖4A~圖4C:係為本發明漣波注入控制判斷的波形示意圖。 4A-4C are schematic diagrams of waveforms of ripple injection control judgment in the present invention.
圖5:係為本發明電源轉換控制方法的流程圖。 FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the power conversion control method of the present invention.
茲有關本發明之技術內容及詳細說明,配合圖式說明如下。 Hereby, the technical content and detailed description of the present invention are described as follows in conjunction with the drawings.
請參見圖1所示,其係為本發明具漣波注入之電源轉換系統之第一實施例的方塊圖。本發明的具漣波注入之電源轉換系統主要包含交流-直流轉換單元10、穩壓單元20、至少一直流-直流轉換單元30、至少一負載40以及第
一控制單元50。其中,至少一負載40的數量係對應至少一直流-直流轉換單元30的數量。
Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a block diagram of the first embodiment of the power conversion system with ripple injection according to the present invention. The power conversion system with ripple injection of the present invention mainly includes an AC-
交流-直流轉換單元10具有第一輸入側與第一輸出側。第一輸入側接收交流電源VAC,提供輸入功率pin。其中,在應用的實施例中,交流電源VAC可為電網(power grid)提供的交流電源,並且交流電源VAC係可為三相交流電源或者單相交流電源,容後說明。附帶一提,輸入功率pin為不可控的,其係與電網的供電有關。此外,在本發明的電源轉換應用,交流-直流轉換單元10係作為功率因數校正(power factor correction,PFC)的功率因數校正單元(或稱功率因數校正器、功率因數校正電路)。
The AC-
穩壓單元20耦接交流-直流轉換單元10的第一輸出側,用以提供直流鏈LDC(或稱直流母線),且接收一部分的輸入功率pin為儲能功率pc,意即一部分的輸入功率pin儲能於穩壓單元20中。在一實施例中,穩壓單元20係用以作為穩壓、儲能之用的電容器。
The
各直流-直流轉換單元30具有第二輸入側與第二輸出側。第二輸入側耦接直流鏈LDC,接收另一部分的輸入功率pin為輸出功率pout。在一實施例中,直流-直流轉換單元30係為一電池充電器(battery charger),然本發明不以此為限制。附帶一提,相較於不可控的輸入功率pin,輸出功率pout為可控的。由於輸入功率pin等於儲能功率pc與輸出功率pout的總和,因此,透過控制輸出功率pout的大小,可相應地控制儲能功率pc的大小,意即儲能功率pc=輸入功率pin-輸出功率pout。換言之,為了控制輸出功率pout,則必須知道輸入功率pin的多寡,因此本發明進一步地偵測輸入功率pin的大小,並且進一步地根據所偵測到的輸入功率pin的漣波大小進行漣波注入操作,容後說明。
Each DC-
基於前述本發明之電源轉換系統,其中輸入功率pin是帶有漣波成分,且經過穩壓單元20時,輸入功率pin所分配出的儲能功率pc與輸出功率pout
也分別對應帶有漣波成分。其中,為了達到較佳的漣波注入補償,若控制輸出功率pout所攜帶的漣波成分儘可能的接近輸入功率pin所攜帶的漣波成分,則使得儲能功率pc所攜帶的漣波成分可相對較小,並讓穩壓單元20受到漣波成分的影響最小,而達到對穩壓單元20的保護或降低其損耗率。
Based on the aforementioned power conversion system of the present invention, the input power pin has a ripple component, and when passing through the voltage stabilizing unit 20, the energy storage power p c distributed by the input power pin and the output power p out also correspond to each other with a rippling component. Among them, in order to achieve better ripple injection compensation, if the ripple component carried by the output power p out is controlled as close as possible to the ripple component carried by the input power p in , then the ripple carried by the energy storage power p c The ripple component can be relatively small, and the
至少一負載40耦接直流-直流轉換單元30的第二輸出側,對應地接收至少一直流-直流轉換單元30的輸出功率pout的供電。在一實施例中,相應於直流-直流轉換單元30為電池充電器,該至少一負載40係為直流電池(透過電池充電器所充電),並且若為複數數量時,則該等直流電池係為並聯耦(連)接。
At least one
第一控制單元50耦接直流鏈LDC、至少一直流-直流轉換單元30以及至少一負載40。透過偵測直流鏈LDC的電壓vdc(即跨於直流鏈LDC上的電壓)與直流鏈輸入電流idc(即流入直流鏈LDC的電流),並且計算兩者的乘積可得知(偵測)輸入功率pin的大小,意即輸入功率pin=電壓vdc×電流idc。其中,輸入功率pin的計算可直接在第一控制單元50內部實現,或者透過其外部的計算單元執行計算後再將功率計算的結果提供至第一控制單元50。因此,第一控制單元50根據輸入功率pin的漣波大小,即輸入功率pin的交流成分大小,控制直流-直流轉換單元30對至少一負載40進行漣波注入操作。故此,第一控制單元50先根據輸入功率pin的漣波大小判斷是否啟動(執行)漣波注入操作。若是需要執行漣波注入操作,再判斷欲注入的漣波功率多寡,具體說明如後。
The
輸出功率pout包含直流成分的輸出功率Pout與交流成分的輸出功率其中直流成分的輸出功率Pout係用對至少一負載40進行供電,而交流成分的輸出功率係用以提供漣波注入的補償。
The output power p out includes the output power P out of the DC component and the output power of the AC component The output power P out of the DC component is used to supply power to at least one
再者,由於交流成分的輸出功率可視為是弦波的形態,因此其大小會有正、負值的變化。因此,第一控制單元50需要進一步判斷輸入至直流鏈LDC的輸入功率pin漣波成分的相位角,使得根據相符的功率漣波相位角啟動
漣波注入操作。換言之,若沒有對輸入功率pin漣波成分的相位角進行判斷,並且在合適的相位角關係下啟動漣波注入控制,則會使得儲能功率pc變大(例如當輸入功率pin為正值而受控的輸出功率pout為負值時,將使得儲能功率pc變大),而造成穩壓單元20受到漣波成分的損傷,反而與本發明要實現對其保護的精神相衝突。因此,在合適的相位角關係下啟動漣波注入控制,將會使得漣波注入控制的效果更加優化。
Furthermore, since the output power of the AC component It can be regarded as the shape of a sine wave, so its size will have positive and negative changes. Therefore, the
請參見圖2所示,其係為本發明具漣波注入之電源轉換系統之第二實施例的方塊圖。本發明具漣波注入之電源轉換系統更包含第二控制單元60。第二控制單元60耦接交流-直流轉換單元10與直流鏈LDC,接收交流電源VAC。交流電源VAC為三相交流電源時,第二控制單元60控制流入交流-直流轉換單元10的交流輸入電流的三相電流為平衡均流。因,透過控制三相電流相等,一方面可以減少輸入電流的電磁干擾(EMI)效應,一方面也可以減小因電流不平衡對電網造成的危害。若交流電源VAC為單相交流電源,則不需要第二控制單元60進行電流平均的控制。
Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a block diagram of the second embodiment of the power conversion system with ripple injection according to the present invention. The power conversion system with ripple injection of the present invention further includes a
請參見圖3所示,其係為本發明以電池充電站為應用之電源轉換系統的方塊圖。圖3所示的一部分(即涉及三相PFC的部分)係作為控制流入交流-直流轉換單元10的交流輸入電流的三相電流為平衡均流之用,另一部分(即涉及電池充電器的部分)係作為漣波注入的補償控制之用。
Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a block diagram of a power conversion system using a battery charging station as an application of the present invention. A part shown in Figure 3 (i.e. the part related to the three-phase PFC) is used as the three-phase current for controlling the AC input current flowing into the AC-
在三相PFC部分:偵測電網端(grid)、市電端的三相電壓(),並利用振幅偵測計算三相電壓的振幅()。利用鎖相迴路對電網電壓進行鎖相,得到電網相位角(θ ac )。偵測直流鏈電壓(v dc ),並利用平均電壓計算以計算出三相電壓的平均值(V dc )。用直流穩壓產生適當的直流功率命令(),以穩定三相電壓的平均值(V dc )。利用直流功率命令()、電網電壓振幅()、以及電網相位 角(θ ac )作為輸入,並用電流平衡控制計算出電流命令(),使三相電流大小相同。 In the three-phase PFC part: detect the three-phase voltage of the grid terminal (grid), the mains terminal ( ), and use the amplitude detection to calculate the amplitude of the three-phase voltage ( ). Use the phase-locked loop to lock the grid voltage to get the grid phase angle ( θ ac ). Detect the DC link voltage ( v dc ), and use the average voltage calculation to calculate the average value of the three-phase voltage ( V dc ). Use a DC regulator to generate the appropriate DC power command ( ), to stabilize the average value of the three-phase voltage ( V dc ). Using the DC power command ( ), grid voltage amplitude ( ), and grid phase angle ( θ ac ) as input, and use current balance control to calculate the current command ( ), so that the three-phase currents have the same magnitude.
偵測電網輸入之三相電流()作為回授,以電流命令()減去回授值,並輸入至PID控制,進行誤差放大之回授控制。將控制訊號傳送至PWM模組,並透過驅動將PWM訊號放大,以驅動三相PFC電路,此時PFC將從電網抽取適當功率,以補償電池充電器為直流電池充電所需之能量,進而穩定直流鏈(DC-Link)的平均電壓。 Detect the three-phase current of grid input ( ) as a feedback to the current command ( ) minus the feedback value, and input it to the PID control for feedback control of error amplification. Send the control signal to the PWM module, and amplify the PWM signal through the drive to drive the three-phase PFC circuit. At this time, the PFC will draw appropriate power from the grid to compensate for the energy required by the battery charger to charge the DC battery, thereby stabilizing The average voltage of the DC link (DC-Link).
在電池充電器部分:此電池充(換)電站共有n台電池充電器與n個充電電池。每個電池充電器都屬於降壓型(buck-type)電路,即為降壓轉換器所實現。偵測電池端的電壓(V bat,x )與充電電流(i BC,x )以了解第x個充電電池的狀況,用定電流命令決定其定電流充電的電流大小。 In the battery charger part: the battery charging (replacing) station has a total of n battery chargers and n rechargeable batteries. Every battery charger is a buck-type circuit, which is implemented by a buck converter. Detect the battery terminal voltage ( V bat,x ) and charging current ( i BC,x ) to understand the status of the xth rechargeable battery, and use the constant current command to determine the current for constant current charging.
由定電流命令提供的充電電流命令(),與主機(主控、Host)端提供的漣波電流大小(||*)、相位角(),經過總電流命令決定最終的充電電流命令()。將充電電流命令()與回授的充電電流(i BC,x )相減並傳送至PID控制進行誤差放大。將控制訊號傳送至PWM模組,並透過驅動將PWM訊號放大,以驅動降壓型電路(降壓轉換器),使其輸出適當之充電電流對電池充電。 The charging current command provided by the constant current command ( ), and the ripple current provided by the host (main control, Host) side (| | * ), phase angle ( ), after the total current command determines the final charging current command ( ). The charging current command ( ) is subtracted from the feedback charging current ( i BC,x ) and sent to the PID control for error amplification. The control signal is sent to the PWM module, and the PWM signal is amplified by the driver to drive the step-down circuit (buck converter) to output an appropriate charging current to charge the battery.
主機(主控、Host)偵測直流鏈電壓(v dc )與PFC注入直流鏈(DC-Link)的電流(i dc ),並且利用功率計算以計算其功率(p in )。利用功率漣波相位計算以計算功率漣波的相位角()。設定使漣波電流的相位角()與功率漣波的相位角()相同,如此電池充電器才能有效透過注入漣波電流,將注入至直流鏈(DC-Link)的功率漣波轉移至後級,使直流鏈電壓漣波減小。 The host (main control, Host) detects the DC link voltage ( v dc ) and the current ( i dc ) injected by the PFC into the DC link (DC-Link), and uses power calculation to calculate its power ( pin ) . Use the power ripple phase calculation to calculate the phase angle of the power ripple ( ). Set the phase angle of the ripple current ( ) and the phase angle of the power ripple ( ) is the same, so that the battery charger can effectively transfer the power ripple injected into the DC link (DC-Link) to the subsequent stage by injecting ripple current, so that the DC link voltage ripple is reduced.
利用數位轉類比之轉換器將漣波電流的相位角()傳送至各個電池充電器。偵測直流鏈電壓(v dc )並用漣波計算以計算出其電壓漣波大小(V dc,rip )。設定直流鏈電壓之閾值(V dc,th ),並用電壓漣波命令計算出適當的電壓 漣波大小()。將電壓漣波大小(V dc,rip )與電壓漣波大小()相減,得到其誤差()。 Using a digital-to-analog converter, the phase angle of the ripple current ( ) to each battery charger. Detect the DC link voltage ( v dc ) and use the ripple calculation to calculate the voltage ripple ( V dc,rip ). Set the threshold value of the DC link voltage ( V dc,th ), and use the voltage ripple command to calculate the appropriate voltage ripple size ( ). Compare the voltage ripple size ( V dc,rip ) with the voltage ripple size ( ) to get the error ( ).
在電流漣波命令中,若誤差()為負值,代表直流鏈電壓尚未大過閾值(V dc,th ),此時無須降低漣波電壓,所以漣波電流大小(||*)設為0。若誤差()為正值,代表電壓漣波過大,使直流鏈電壓大於閾值(V dc,th ),此時將用PID控制器將誤差()放大,得到所需之||*,使直流鏈電壓能夠低於閾值(V dc,th )。 In the current ripple command, if the error ( ) is a negative value, which means that the DC link voltage has not yet exceeded the threshold ( V dc,th ), and there is no need to reduce the ripple voltage at this time, so the ripple current (| | * ) to 0. If the error ( ) is a positive value, which means that the voltage ripple is too large, so that the DC link voltage is greater than the threshold ( V dc,th ), at this time, the PID controller will be used to reduce the error ( ) zoom in to get what you need | | * , enabling the DC link voltage to fall below the threshold ( V dc,th ).
因電池充電器對電池為定電流充電,漣波電流不可過大,因此利用與限制(limitation),為||*設定一個上限(),當計算之||*大於,則最終的漣波電流命令將被限制為。最後透過通訊將||*傳送至各個電池充電器。 Because the battery charger charges the battery with a constant current, the ripple current should not be too large, so use and limitation (limitation), for | | * set an upper limit ( ), when calculating | | * greater than , then the final ripple current command will be limited to . Finally, through communication will| | * Sent to individual battery chargers.
配合參見圖4A~圖4C,係為本發明漣波注入控制判斷的波形示意圖。圖4A所示的電壓vdc係為跨於直流鏈LDC上電壓的漣波大小。在本實施例中,將電壓vdc與過電壓保護電壓OVP進行比較,一旦電壓vdc到達或超過過電壓保護電壓OVP會啟動過電壓保護使得系統關機。本發明用以判斷漣波注入時機的一種實施例,可將電壓vdc與閾值電壓vdc,th進行比較:當電壓vdc大於或等於閾值電壓vdc,th時,則啟動漣波注入補償,反之若電壓vdc小於閾值電壓vdc,th時,則停止漣波注入補償。配合圖4B與圖4C所示,當電壓vdc大於或等於閾值電壓vdc,th時,啟動漣波注入補償,因此電壓vdc將會逐漸變小,意即電壓vdc大於閾值電壓vdc,th的部分越小(如圖4B所示)。此時,由於電壓vdc仍然大於或等於閾值電壓vdc,th,所以漣波注入補償的操作持續進行。直到電壓vdc小於閾值電壓vdc,th時,則停止漣波注入補償(如圖4C所示)。 4A to FIG. 4C , which are schematic diagrams of waveforms for ripple injection control judgment in the present invention. The voltage v dc shown in FIG. 4A is the magnitude of the voltage ripple across the DC link L DC . In this embodiment, the voltage v dc is compared with the over-voltage protection voltage OVP, once the voltage v dc reaches or exceeds the over-voltage protection voltage OVP, the over-voltage protection will be activated to shut down the system. An embodiment of the present invention for judging the timing of ripple injection can compare the voltage v dc with the threshold voltage v dc,th : when the voltage v dc is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage v dc,th , the ripple injection compensation is started , On the contrary, if the voltage v dc is less than the threshold voltage v dc,th , the ripple injection compensation will be stopped. As shown in Figure 4B and Figure 4C, when the voltage v dc is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage v dc,th , the ripple injection compensation is started, so the voltage v dc will gradually decrease, that is, the voltage v dc is greater than the threshold voltage v dc , the smaller the part of th (as shown in Figure 4B). At this time, since the voltage v dc is still greater than or equal to the threshold voltage v dc,th , the ripple injection compensation operation continues. Until the voltage v dc is lower than the threshold voltage v dc,th , the ripple injection compensation is stopped (as shown in FIG. 4C ).
以電池充電器(即至少一直流-直流轉換單元30)與直流電池(即至少一負載40)的應用為例,電池充電器與直流電池的數量通常為複數,因此,在漣波注入控制,該等直流-直流轉換單元30共同平均地調節輸出功率pout的漣波大小。再者,由於漣波注入補償的實現與該等直流-直流轉換單元30所能提供的轉換功率有關(意即漣波注入補償受限於每一直流-直流轉換單元30的最大輸出功率),因此,在限制於直流-直流轉換單元30的最大輸出功率條件下所執行的漣波注入補償都可被持續地進行,只要確保電壓vdc不會到達或超過過電壓保護電壓OVP避免系統關機。
Taking the application of a battery charger (that is, at least one DC-DC conversion unit 30) and a DC battery (that is, at least one load 40) as an example, the number of the battery charger and the DC battery is usually plural. Therefore, in the ripple injection control, The DC-
附帶一提,對於不同的負載型態的供電應用中,若至少一直流-直流轉換單元30為定電流(constant current)操作,第一控制單元50控制至少一直流-直流轉換單元30進行電流漣波注入控制。再者,若至少一直流-直流轉換單元30為定電壓操作,第一控制單元50控制至少一直流-直流轉換單元30進行電壓漣波注入控制。因此,本發明所提供的具漣波注入的補償控制,可包含電流漣波注入的補償控制,也包含電壓漣波注入的補償控制,端視供電的負載型態所決定。
Incidentally, for power supply applications of different load types, if at least one DC-
請參見圖5所示,其係為本發明電源轉換控制方法的流程圖。本發明的電源轉換控制方法係透過電源轉換系統所運行。其中,電源轉換系統的主要架構可參見前文所述,在此不再贅述。所述電源轉換控制方法包含步驟:首先,第一控制單元獲得直流鏈的直流鏈電壓(S11)。然後,第一控制單元根據閾值電壓與直流鏈電壓選擇執行負載控制或者執行漣波注入控制與負載控制(S12)。若第一控制單元只選擇執行負載控制,則不進行漣波注入控制,即為電源轉換系統用以對至少一負載40供電所進行的電源轉換。若第一控制單元選擇同時執行漣波注入控制與負載控制,則表示電源轉換系統用以對至少一負載40供電所進行電源轉換之外,對於穩壓單元20所提供保護的漣波注入控制亦同時執行。
Please refer to FIG. 5 , which is a flow chart of the power conversion control method of the present invention. The power conversion control method of the present invention is operated through a power conversion system. Wherein, the main architecture of the power conversion system can be referred to above, and will not be repeated here. The power conversion control method includes steps: firstly, the first control unit obtains the DC link voltage of the DC link (S11). Then, the first control unit selects to perform load control or to perform ripple injection control and load control according to the threshold voltage and the DC link voltage ( S12 ). If the first control unit only chooses to perform load control, then ripple injection control is not performed, that is, power conversion performed by the power conversion system for supplying power to at least one
當第一控制單元50選擇執行漣波注入控制與負載控制時,第一控制單元50根據至少一負載40所提供的負載需求訊息(例如至少一負載40所需要的供電量)與直流鏈電壓形成第一直流轉直流控制指令。其中負載需求訊息係對應至少一負載40所需自至少一直流-直流轉換單元30擷取的功率(S13)。
When the
當第一控制單元50選擇只執行負載控制時,第一控制單元50根據負載需求訊息形成第二直流轉直流控制指令(S14)。
When the
最後,至少一直流-直流轉換單元30根據第一控制單元50所提供的第一直流轉直流控制指令或第二直流轉直流控制指令,對應自穩壓單元20擷取功率,並進行直流電源轉換,以供應至少一負載40所需電源(S15)。
Finally, at least one DC-
綜上所述,本發明係具有以下之特徵與優點: In summary, the present invention has the following features and advantages:
1、透過後級的漣波注入控制補償可避免穩壓單元(例如電容器)損壞或者啟動保護機制對電容器進行保護,如此可提升直流鏈的電容器壽命,並且減少維護電路成本。 1. Through the post-stage ripple injection control compensation, the damage of the voltage stabilizing unit (such as a capacitor) can be avoided or the protection mechanism can be activated to protect the capacitor, which can increase the life of the capacitor in the DC link and reduce the maintenance cost of the circuit.
2、透過後級的漣波補償,可以使得前級PFC電路的三相電流平衡能夠進行優化,如此減少輸入電流的電磁干擾(EMI)效應,一方面也可以減小因電流不平衡對電網造成的危害。 2. Through the ripple compensation of the latter stage, the three-phase current balance of the front-stage PFC circuit can be optimized, so as to reduce the electromagnetic interference (EMI) effect of the input current, and on the one hand, it can also reduce the impact on the power grid due to current imbalance. hazards.
以上所述,僅為本發明較佳具體實施例之詳細說明與圖式,惟本發明之特徵並不侷限於此,並非用以限制本發明,本發明之所有範圍應以下述之申請專利範圍為準,凡合於本發明申請專利範圍之精神與其類似變化之實施例,皆應包含於本發明之範疇中,任何熟悉該項技藝者在本發明之領域內,可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專利範圍。 The above is only a detailed description and drawings of preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and are not intended to limit the present invention. As the standard, all embodiments that conform to the spirit of the patent scope of the present invention and its similar changes should be included in the scope of the present invention. Any person familiar with the art can easily think of changes or changes in the field of the present invention. Modifications can all be covered by the patent scope of the following case.
10:交流-直流轉換單元 10: AC-DC conversion unit
20:穩壓單元 20: voltage stabilizing unit
30:直流-直流轉換單元 30: DC-DC conversion unit
40:負載 40: load
50:第一控制單元 50: The first control unit
60:第二控制單元 60:Second control unit
VAC:交流電源 V AC : AC power
pin:輸入功率 pin : input power
pout:輸出功率 p out : output power
pc:儲能功率 p c : energy storage power
LDC:直流鏈 L DC : DC link
vdc:直流鏈電壓 v dc : DC link voltage
idc:直流鏈輸入電流 i dc : DC link input current
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