TWI786038B - Group handover for mission critical applications - Google Patents

Abstract

A user equipment (UE) device, evolved NodeB or other network device can control direct device-to-device (D2D) or ProSe communications with UE devices and control a D2D group handover with a D2D group of UEs communicatively coupled via a network channel for cellular network communications and one or more D2D or ProSe channels. The D2D (ProSe) group handover can be controlled based on a set of predetermined criteria. Aggregated measurement reports of channel link quality can be used to request or initiate the D2D group handover and be provided via a UE group leader or individually from UE devices of the D2D group (ProSe group).

Description

Group handover for mission critical applications

The disclosed invention relates to wireless communications, and more particularly to group handover for mission critical applications.

Several machine-to-machine and Internet of Things (IoT) applications require communication between devices in a cluster. Especially advanced vehicle applications, such as cooperative driving, require group communication with high mobility. In cooperative driving, for example, vehicles share their intentions with other nearby vehicles. This information is used by self-driving algorithms to accurately predict what other vehicles will do in the near future, thereby optimizing their own decisions. In some cases, cooperating vehicles may form groups to drive together or synchronize their operations (eg, into platoons). This higher level of automation and cooperation requires data to be exchanged between vehicles or other networked devices with lower latency and higher reliability than existing solutions can provide.

An important feature of applications, such as cooperative driving applications, involves the exchange of data (objects and senses) and events between devices in a group within a relatively small area. Often groups (or platoons) will move together, eventually spanning into new network cells. Efficient mechanisms for managing group handover (HO) are critical to reducing air interface network signaling, user level (UP) HO outage time, and providing seamless continuity of group communication required for mission-critical cooperative driving applications .

3GPP is to standardize Device-to-Device (D2D) operations/functions to be supported in Long Term Evolution (LTE) release specifications. Utilizing direct communication, such as in D2D communication between nearby mobile devices, can improve spectrum usage, overall throughput, and energy efficiency, while enabling new peer-to-peer and location-based applications and services. D2D-enabled LTE devices, for example, have the potential to become competitive with backup public safety networks that can operate when the cellular network is unavailable or otherwise fails on the connection. The introduction of D2D poses many new challenges and risks to the long-standing base station (BS)-based or BS-centric cellular architecture. One problem to be solved is how to share or communication resources or other communication resources in D2D communication between mobile devices (eg, UEs) capable of communicating in both cellular and D2D communication.

100‧‧‧Wireless network environment

102, 104‧‧‧giant cell network device

106, 108‧‧‧Small cell network device

110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 1005‧‧‧UE device

120, 122, 124, 126‧‧‧Service area

130‧‧‧D2D/ProSe interface

140‧‧‧D2D/ProSe group

200‧‧‧Wireless environment

202, 204, 206‧‧‧Wireless network giant cell

212‧‧‧eNodeB (eNB)

214‧‧‧Mobile Internet Platform

216, 218, 220‧‧‧wireless link

222‧‧‧Service Provider Network

224‧‧‧Wireless Backload Link

232, 240‧‧‧D2D/ProSe interface components

234, 242‧‧‧Honeycomb network interface components

236‧‧‧Link

300, 400‧‧‧processing flow

600‧‧‧method

710, 730‧‧‧channel quality measurement components

720, 740‧‧‧D2D/ProSe HO components

750‧‧‧HO command component

802 ₁ -802 _a ‧‧‧section

804‧‧‧surveillance component

806‧‧‧antenna assembly

808‧‧‧communication platform

810‧‧‧Receiver/Transmitter

812‧‧‧Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

814‧‧‧Modulator/Demodulator

816‧‧‧processor

818‧‧‧display interface

820‧‧‧broadband network interface

822‧‧‧Address bus

824‧‧‧memory

900‧‧‧electronic devices

902‧‧‧Application Circuit

904‧‧‧Foundation circuit

904a‧‧‧Second Generation (2G) Baseband Processor

904b‧‧‧Third Generation (3G) Baseband Processor

904c‧‧‧Fourth Generation (4G) Baseband Processor

904d‧‧‧Baseband Processor

904e‧‧‧Central Processing Unit (CPU)

904f‧‧‧Audio Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

906‧‧‧radio frequency (RF) circuit

906a‧‧‧mixer circuit

906b‧‧‧amplifier circuit

906c‧‧‧Filter circuit

906d‧‧‧Synthesizer Circuit

908‧‧‧Front-end module (FEM) circuit

910‧‧‧antenna

1000‧‧‧Internet

1010‧‧‧ProSe functional circuit

1015‧‧‧group information

1 is a block diagram depicting a wireless network communication environment for UEs or other network devices (eg, eNBs) configured to form D2D groups and generate group handovers that can be used in accordance with various aspects or embodiments.

2 is another wireless network communication environment for UEs or other network devices (eg, eNBs) configured to form D2D groups and generate group handovers that can be used in accordance with various aspects or embodiments.

Figure 3 is used to configure and form a D2D group and generate energy according to various The processing flow of the UE or other network devices (eg, eNB) in the wireless network of the group handover used in the state or the embodiment.

4 is another process flow for configuring a wireless network of UEs or other network devices (eg, eNBs) forming D2D groups and generating group handovers that can be used in accordance with various aspects or embodiments.

5 is another process flow for configuring a wireless network of UEs or other network devices (eg, eNBs) forming D2D groups and generating group handovers that can be used in accordance with various aspects or embodiments.

6 is another process flow for configuring a wireless network of UEs or other network devices (eg, eNBs) forming D2D groups and generating group handovers that can be used in accordance with various aspects or embodiments.

7 is another wireless network communication environment for UEs or other network devices (eg, eNBs) configured to form D2D groups and generate group handovers that can be used in accordance with various aspects or embodiments.

FIG. 8 is another diagram of an example network device implementing various disclosed aspects or embodiments.

FIG. 9 is another diagram of an example network device implementing various disclosed aspects or embodiments.

Figure 10 is an example illustration of an architecture capable of transmitting group configuration data from the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) to a group of user equipment (UE) devices in accordance with one or more aspects or embodiments do.

[Invention content and implementation mode]

The disclosed invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like Reference numbers are used throughout to refer to like elements, and the structures and devices depicted therein are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the terms "component," "system," and "interface" are intended to refer to computer-related entities, hardware, software (eg, in execution), and/or firmware. For example, a component can be a processor, a process running on a processor, a controller, a circuit or a circuit element, an object, an executable, a program, a storage device, a computer, a tablet PC, and/or a mobile phone with a processing device. By way of illustration, an application running on a server and the server can also be components. One or more components can reside within a process, and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. A set of elements or a set of other components can be described herein, where the term "set" can be interpreted as "one or more".

In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable storage media having, for example, various data structures stored thereon with the modules. Components can, for example, be based on a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., from within a local system, in a distributed system, and/or across a network, such as the Internet, a local area network, A wide area network, or network similar to other systems, where another component interacts with one component's data) communicates via local and/or remote processing.

As another example, a component can be a device having a specific function provided by a part of a machine operated by electrical or electronic circuitry capable of being a software application or firmware application executed by one or more processors Operated by. The one or more processors can be internal or external to the device and can execute at least a portion of the software or firmware application. As another example, components can be provided via electronic components or components that have no mechanical parts function-specific devices; electronic components can include one or more processors therein to perform software and/or firmware that at least partially grants the functions to such electronic components.

The use of the word instantiation is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. As used in this application, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless otherwise specified or clear from context, "X employs A or B" is intended to mean any natural inclusive permutation. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied in any of the above instances. Furthermore, the article "a" when used in this application and the appended claims shall generally be taken to mean "one or more" unless otherwise specified or the context clearly indicates a singular form. In addition, the terms "including", "includes", "having", "has", "with" or variations thereof are used in the implementation methods and patent applications Such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" to the extent within the scope.

In view of the above disadvantages, various components can operate within a cellular network with a cellular and device-to-device (D2D) communication interface referred to herein alternatively as Pro-Se (Pro-Se). These components can reside in a communicatively coupled network device within a cellular network, such as a base station (BS), evolved Node B (eNB), mobile or wireless device (user equipment (UE)), or Subsystems for mobile devices that can include automated vehicles or other networked devices.

Furthermore, devices with reduced distance between them can form shared devices using their D2D/ProSe (D2D, ProSe, or both) interfaces for group communication The D2D group of the designated resource pool (etc.) of the news. Devices that are members or part of a D2D/ProSe group can always be connected in connection mode via their cellular interface to transmit or receive mission-critical data to or from the network (ie, BS). By communicatively coupling in the connected state or within a D2D/ProSe group, implying that the device continues or frequently monitors downlink (DL) network control signaling, the eNB maintains or stores device context information and knows that at the cellular level device location. Furthermore, group formation and allocation of resource pools to D2D/ProSe groups can be assisted by the network via a cellular interface. D2D/ProSe group formation and overall management functions can be described by various components and techniques not specifically detailed herein. However, network assisted group formation methods can be used to assist devices in forming/joining and leaving groups. Devices in a D2D/ProSe group can use network assistance or automatically share the same resources for D2D/ProSe communication. A group leader can be defined to coordinate group operations. The UE device can request the network to initiate a group communication mode when required or when a neighboring potential group has been detected.

Various embodiments for D2D/ProSe group handover (HO) are disclosed to significantly reduce network signaling, enable seamless group continuation during or after HO, and use HO periods for user plane interruption of group communication minimize. Since all devices in the group need to implement the cellular interface HO at approximately the same time, group-by-group HO triggers can be defined. UE devices in a group can be within a small geographic area and have similar speeds, and thus the same timing advance (TA). In one embodiment, for example, instead of all devices performing random access (RA) to the target BS, a single device (such as the UE group leader) can perform RA to obtain a TA, and then assist other devices in the group to obtain a TA with the target BS. UL time synchronization of BS. Source and target eNBs are also coordinated before HO to select and direct A resource pool is assigned that can be used for group communication by devices in the group during HO and possibly immediately after HO in the new cell. The source eNB can provide the D2D/ProSe interface configuration information to the target BS during HO, so that the D2D/ProSe group can continue seamlessly after HO. Additional aspects or details of the disclosed invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 depicts an example wireless network environment 100 . The wireless communication environment 100 can include deploying within the wireless communication environment 100 and serving one or more UE devices 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 (e.g., vehicles, mobile or wireless phones, or served by any of the base stations 102-108). One or more cellular broadcast servers, giant cell network devices 102, 104 (such as base stations, eNBs, or access points (APs), etc.), and one or more Small cell network devices, secondary cells, or APs (eg, small eNBs, micro eNBs, pico eNBs, home eNBs, home eNBs (HeNBs), or Wi-Fi access points/nodes) 106 , 108 . Each wireless communication network of a service device (e.g., cellular broadcast servers 102, 104 and small cell network devices 106, 108) can reference or include one or more network devices (e.g., a set of network devices) operating in conjunction network device (ND)) to handle network traffic for one or more UE devices 110 , 112 , 114 , 116 , or 118 . For example, a megacell ND 102, 104 can comprise a group of network devices that are honeycomb-enabled network devices. For example, in another example, the small cell network devices 106 , 108 can comprise a group of network devices operating with a smaller footprint than the macro cell network devices 102 and 104 .

As depicted, one or more base stations 106, 108 can each have a corresponding service area 120, 122, which has a cellular coverage area. In addition, a Each of the or plurality of broadcast servers 102 , 104 can have a corresponding service area 124 , 126 . However, the wireless communication environment 100 is not limited to this implementation and can also adopt other architectures. For example, the ad hoc network device can deploy any number of Wi-Fi access points and individual service areas within the wireless communication environment 100 . The wireless communication environment 100 can include numerous wireless communication networks, each with individual coverage areas or cells. The coverage areas of some wireless communication networks can overlap, so that one or more network devices can provide coverage areas or areas to UEs or mobile devices whose coverage areas from different networks of the network devices overlap.

Network devices within the wireless environment 100 can also operate with one another as a Self-Organizing Network (SON), where at least some of the network devices can be configured to provide self-configuration and self-optimization capabilities, which provide specific operations, management functions, and the ability to automate system management functions. SON incorporates self-configuration, self-optimization, monitoring, and operations management to allow network devices to be communicatively coupled to the network while taking into account application settings for applications operating on and managed by the UE And operate in some way without human intervention.

Although network devices (NDs) 106 and 108 are described as small cell network devices, for example, they could also be Wi-Fi enabled devices or wireless local area network (WLAN) devices, as well as macrocell network devices, A small cell network device, or some other kind of ND that can operate a wireless base station or eNB. Alternatively, for example, one or more of the macrocell NDs 102 and 104 could be a small cell network device or other ND of a different radio access technology (RAT) operating using a different frequency carrier.

Although only five UE devices 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 are depicted, any number of UE devices can be deployed within the wireless communication environment 100. place. For example, UE devices can include system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile, wireless terminal, device, mobile device, remote station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, wireless Part or all of the functions of a communication device, user agent, user device, or other ND. Mobile devices can be cellular phones, wireless phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, smart phones, feature phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, networked vehicles or secondary systems, personal digital assistants (PDAs), Laptop computer, handheld communication device, handheld computing device, Netbox, tablet computer, satellite radio, data card, wireless modem card, and/or another processing device for communicating over a wireless system. In addition, UE devices 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 can include functionality as described more fully herein, and can also be configured as dual connectivity devices, wherein one of UE devices 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 can be Or more than one eNB or ND connected to different RATS (eg, LTE and WLAN, or other combination).

In one state, the cellular broadcast servers or macrocells NDs 102, 104 and minicells NDs 106, 108 can monitor the radio conditions around them (eg, by employing individual measurement components). For example, each of the macrocell NDs 102, 104 and minicell NDs 106, 108 can determine network traffic on their respective networks by implementing network diagnostic procedures. As an example, during a network listening procedure, a macrocell ND 102, 104, a minicell ND 106, 108, or a UE device 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 can scan their radio environment to determine network performance statistics or Network parameters (e.g. frequency, SNR, signal quality, QoS, QoE, load, congestion, signal rate, etc.). Various parameters associated with the macrocell NDs 102, 104 and minicell NDs 106, 108 can be detected during network diagnostics or measurements by the UE device, such as, but not limited to, frequency band, mixing code, common frequency steering Sexual power, bandwidth across individual networks, UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Received Signal Strength Indicator, and Frequency Carrier Priority.

In an example scenario, UE devices 110 , 112 , 114 , 116 , 118 can be served by the network via one or more of macrocell ND 102 , 104 or minicell ND 106 , 108 . When moving UE within the wireless communication environment 100, individual UE devices may move in and out of the coverage area of the associated service network. For example, when users are transmitting/receiving communications via their respective UE devices, users may be talking, sitting in a car, sitting in a train, moving in a densely populated urban area (e.g., a metropolis), where This movement can cause the mobile device to move between various wireless communication networks. In such a situation, the UE advantageously routes (eg, handovers) network traffic from the serving ND to the target ND to continue communication (eg, avoid disconnection) or facilitate offloading for load spreading or other efficiency purposes. However, as the number of NDs and frequency carriers to be measured increases, the UE devices 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 can have problems maintaining proper and seamless communication during handover operations.

In one embodiment, group communication can occur via the D2D/ProSe interface 130 and use group/specific cell resources. For example, BS 102 can assign one or more resource pools (etc.) to D2D/ProSe group 140 (eg, UEs 110 and 116 ), which can only be valid in specific cells or cell coverage areas 124 . example For example, once a D2D/ProSe group 140 (eg, UEs 110 and 116) moves to a new cell or coverage area (eg, coverage area 126 served by BS 104), the new BS 104 can allocate a resource pool to the group. A resource pool can be referred to as a resource pool for configuring D2D/ProSe communications between D2D/ProSe groups 140, configuring D2D/ProSe groups 140, cell identifiers, channel or bandwidth specifications, operating band or component carrier frequencies, channel specifications, or A set of resources for other network related parameters or guidelines. Thus, one or more mechanisms can be implemented to obtain resources in new cells or cell footprints (eg, 126 ) while maintaining group communication in the D2D/ProSe interface 130 with minimal overhead. This mechanism can be called D2D/ProSe interface handover or D2D/ProSe group HO. In addition, individual handover (HO), for example, can also be enabled in the master cellular interface to maintain a connection with the network (BS) as a source BS (eg, 102) or a target BS (eg, 104).

In cellular interface handover, the UE device can always be in the connected state/mode for the cellular link when the devices have mission-critical applications and they may need to transmit/receive data over the cellular network at any time. As a result, when the current cellular link quality of one or more UE devices (e.g., UE 116) falls below a predetermined threshold or signal link quality threshold (e.g., SNR, RCI , received signal strength indicator, or other channel quality indicator or status data), the UE devices of the D2D/ProSe group 140 can connect to a new BS (with a better cellular link) as the target eNB or base station quality). For example, when the D2D/ProSe population 140 moves towards the edge of the cell footprint 124 of the cell footprint 126 and the cellular channel is better (e.g., higher signal-to-noise ratio or other parameters), UEs 116 and 110 can handover together in a cluster to a new cell (e.g., target eNB or BS 104) to operate within the new cell coverage area 126 and continue as a fully D2D/ProSe interface via D2D/ProSe interface channel 130 D2D/ProSe group 140 communication of ProSe communication.

Designating the D2D/ProSe group 140 to use specific cell resources to maintain the continuity of the group enables all devices (e.g., UEs) of the D2D/ProSe group 140 to be connected at almost the same time through operations at individual UEs (e.g., 110 and 116 ). 110 and 116) move to the same BS or eNB 104, all devices must be moved to the same BS at the same time regardless of whether all devices have a degraded cellular link with the current/source BS (eg, 102). However, if the D2D/ProSe/ProSe group handover of devices is processed as a combination of several simultaneous individual HOs of the devices 110, 116, this can result in significant network signaling consumption or radio resource waste.

In addition, the UEs 110 and 116 of the D2D/ProSe group 140 can individually or collectively initiate processing or generate a D2D/ProSe interface handover (D2D/ProSe group HO) via the UE group leader 116 or via the BS 102 . To support mission-critical applications, such as cooperative driving, the D2D/ProSe group HO is operable to continue group communication in the D2D/ProSe interface 130 without any interruption during or after the D2D/ProSe group HO. How to seamlessly transfer the group profile information to the new BS 104 and from the new BS 104 to seamlessly realize the new resource pool (etc.) for group communication can be the main problem of D2D/ProSe group HO. In addition, the D2D/ProSe group HO can also first accompany all devices in the group to the new BS 104 and become the cellular interface HO of the D2D/ProSe group 140 .

Direct communication between the UE devices 110, 116 can be enabled by LTE proximity D2D communication function support in service (ProSe). Therefore, D2D can also be considered as communication between UE or other network devices without assistance (eg, via eNB/BS) and coupled to the wireless network as part of ProSe or using it. Here, D2D communication can be supported through its dedicated resource pool pre-configured or allocated by the eNB (eg, BS 102, 104). Access to data resources within the resource pool (e.g. using a PSSCH) can be controlled or assigned by the eNB 102, 104 or used within a control resource (PSSCH) The contention is automatically acquired by the UE device. From a physical layer (PHY) perspective, UE device data transmissions can be broadcast, where such UE devices within a geographic range can be potential receivers. Thus, both unicast or one-to-many communication may be used by network devices (UE, eNB, etc.). For example, the UEs 110, 116 can thus form groups at the application layer by exchanging application messages between UE devices through the ProSe interface circuitry that is part of or combined with the D2D interface circuitry in D2D/ProSe communication. For example, UE devices that are members of a group can periodically broadcast group messages and other UE devices wishing to join the group send requests to join the group. One of the group members can respond with an acknowledgment allowing the new member to enter the group. Similarly, members can broadcast a message informing them that they are leaving the group.

Based on beacons received from other UE devices, UE devices 110, 116 can maintain neighbor lists in, for example, storage media or data storage. Such a neighbor list or data set can be stored in a database table or other suitable form. For example, the neighbor list can record the identifier of each UE device from which the beacon was received, record the signal quality characterizing the quality of the channel between UEs, and other information useful in selecting suitable UEs for group participation, Such as, the speed, trajectory of the neighboring UE device, or the identifier of the group to which the neighboring UE device belongs.

Referring to FIG. 2, another example wireless environment 200 is depicted in accordance with the various aspects disclosed. The example wireless environment 200 particularly depicts a set of wireless network macrocells 202 , 204 , and 206 . Note, however, that a wireless cellular network deployment within wireless environment 200 can include any number and type of cells. Covering macrocells 202, 204, and 206 are depicted as hexagonal, but cover cells can take on other geometries, often determined by deployment configuration or floor plan, geographic area to be covered, or other factors. Each giant cell 202, 204, and 206 can be sectorized in a 2π/3 configuration, where each giant cell includes three sectors, as illustrated using the example demarcated by the dashed lines in FIG. 2 . Note that other sectorization is possible, and that aspects or features of the disclosed subject matter can be used regardless of the type of sectorization.

The megacells 202, 204, and 206 are served by a megacell network device, base station, or eNodeB (eNB) 104, 102, and 212, respectively. It is to be noted that radio communication components (etc.) are functionally coupled to a set of components that transmit and receive wireless signals via links, such as cables (eg, RF and microwave coaxial cables), ports, switches, and connectors. or multiple antennas (not depicted). Note that a radio network controller (not shown) which may be part of mobile network platform(s) 214 and a set of base stations (e.g., eNBs 104, 102, and 212) serving a set of macrocells; A base station-associated electronic circuit or component within a base station; a set of individual wireless links (e.g., links 216, 218, and 220) operating according to radio technology via base stations 104, 102, and 212 to form a giant radio access network road. Based on network characteristics, Note further that radio controllers can be interspersed among the set of base stations 104, 102, and 212 or associated radios. In one aspect, for UMTS-based networks, the wireless links 216, 218, and 220 can implement Uu interfaces (UMTS air interfaces, or other types of air interfaces).

Depending on the various radio technologies used in different markets, the mobile network platform (etc.) 214 facilitates, for example, based on circuit switching (e.g., voice and data) and packet switching (e.g., Internet Protocol, frame delay, or asynchronous transmission mode) traffic and signaling generation, and delivery and reception for network telecommunications via user equipment (UE) 116 (eg, mobile or wireless device) or UE 110 . Telecommunications can be based at least in part on standardized protocols for communication determined by the radio technology used for communication. In addition, telecommunications can use various frequency bands, including component carriers or carriers of any electromagnetic frequency band licensed by the service provider network 222 (e.g., personal communication services, advanced wireless services, and general wireless communication services, etc.), and currently available for telecommunications any unlicensed bands. Additionally, the mobile network platform (etc.) 214 can control and manage the different megacells via, for example, wireless network management components (e.g., radio network controllers (etc.), cellular gateway nodes (etc.), etc. Base stations 102, 104, and 212 in 202, 204, and 206 and their associated radio components (etc.). Furthermore, wireless network platforms (etc.) can integrate different networks (e.g., Wi-Fi networks (etc.), home cellular networks (etc.), broadband networks (etc.), service networks (etc.), and corporate network (etc., etc.). In cellular wireless technologies (e.g., 3rd Generation Partnership Project Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Global System for Mobile Communications, etc.), the mobile network platform 214 can have existing services In the provider network 222.

Additionally, the wireless backhaul link (etc.) 224 can include wired link components such as T1/E1 telephone lines, T3/DS3 lines, synchronous or asynchronous DSL; asymmetric DSL; fiber optic backbone; coaxial cables, etc.; and wireless link components, such as line-of-sight or non-line-of-sight links that can include surface-to-air interfaces or deep-sea links (eg, satellite communication links for navigation). In one aspect, the wireless backhaul link(s) 224 implements the IuB interface for UMTS-based networks. Note that while the exemplary wireless environment 200 is depicted for macrocells and macrocells, the aspects, features, and advantages of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented in minicells, microcells, picocells, or home cells, etc. middle.

Wireless environment 200 depicts other aspects including UE device 116 communicating with another UE 110 via D2D/ProSe communication over a D2D/ProSe communication channel. The UE 116 is configured to switch between a cellular mode of communication and a D2D/ProSe mode of communication. In the D2D/ProSe mode of communication, the UE 116 communicates directly with the UE 110 via the wireless communication link 130 without using the BS/eNB as a fixed facilitating intermediary or a coherent active medium in each communication. In the cellular mode of communication, the cellular network associated with the macrocell 202, 204, or 206 is used to facilitate communication with the UE 110 (eg, via the link 236 and the base station 102).

In addition, the UE 116 includes a D2D/ProSe interface component 232 and a cellular network interface component 234 , and the eNB 102 also includes a D2D/ProSe interface component 240 and a cellular network interface component 242 . The cellular network interface components 234 and 242 of UE 116 and eNB 102 can handle one or more communication Cellular network communication on channels (eg, 216, 218, 220) to enable cellular communication in a wireless network via one or more D2D/ProSe channels 130 communicatively coupled to UEs of a D2D/ProSe group handover and formation of device-to-device groups with other UEs 110. D2D/ProSe interface components 232 and 240 of UE 116 and eNB 102 are communicatively coupled to the cellular network interface components and enable D2D/ProSe over one or more D2D/ProSe channels 130 between D2D/ProSe groups communicate, and enable D2D/ProSe group handover based on a predetermined set of criteria. The UE device can also communicate with other UE devices in a device-to-device mode (also called a peer-to-peer (P2P) mode) through the D2D/ProSe interface component 232 as a ProSe interface circuit. Note that this ProSe interface circuit can be an enhancement of the existing LTE ProSe PC5 interface, a new ProSe interface defined for 5G systems, a WiFi interface, a Bluetooth interface, or a wireless personal area network or wireless area network for any version interface.

UE 116 and eNB 102 can use these components to directly generate and control communication from UE 116 to UE 110 without requiring mediation by base station 102 and maintaining D2D between D2D/ProSe groups in D2D/ProSe communication mode Handover operation of /ProSe communication. For example, an advantage of the D2D/ProSe communication mode by UE 116 is that higher data rates can be expected than cellular communication mode alone due to the shorter communication distance via link 130 than links 218 and 236 . Additionally, when D2D/ProSe communication can assist in offloading traffic from one or more congested cell networks (e.g., megacells 202, 204, or 206), UE 116, 110 communicates with another or with one or more megacells. One or more other network devices operating within 202, 204, or 206 Devices or UEs form a D2D/ProSe group that can benefit from D2D/ProSe communication. For example, when multiple D2D/ProSe configured UEs (e.g., UE 116) operate within a megacell 202, 204, or 206, these networks can have more spectrum available for other network devices and further limit potential interference.

D2D/ProSe interface components 132 and 240 of UE 116 and eNB 102 can include transceivers, transmitters, receivers, corresponding communication circuits, or enable direct communication with another UE device (eg, 110) and control such communication Handover of , as other similar components of the D2D/ProSe group. The D2D/ProSe communication component 132 is operable to switch between a D2D/ProSe communication mode and a cellular network communication mode that can be maintained via the cellular network interface component 234 . For example, the D2D/ProSe communication component 132 can transmit or receive D2D/ProSe data via the D2D/ProSe communication link 130 and process D2D/ProSe resource pools and commands received from the eNB 102 via the cellular network interface or channel 218, which can be transmitted via D2D/ProSe operations are controlled, managed and directed between D2D/ProSe groups using the D2D/ProSe interface component 240 and the Cell Network interface component 242 .

D2D/ProSe communication data, for example, can include one or more entity parameters or predetermined criteria. These parameters/predetermined criteria can enable or facilitate the UE 110 to identify subsequent D2D/ProSe communications received by UEs of the D2D/ProSe group using parameters provided as control information within the D2D/ProSe data transmission, and to enable D2D/ProSe group intercourse hand over. The D2D/ProSe communication components (not shown) of each UE 116 and 110 can similarly transmit D2D/ProSe data from UE 116 to UE 110, wherein UE 110 can also transmit data from UE 116 or as a D2D/ProSe group. UE 116 for UE Group Leader The relay can decode subsequent transmissions from the serving or source eNB 102 entity parameters.

For example, such one or more parameters can include, but are not limited to, D2D/ProSe transmitter/group identity, location of sub-frame message transmission in logical resource pool, scheduling assignment cycle or period, number of encapsulated data units, repeat The number of transmissions, the time instance of the original encapsulated data unit, the time instance of retransmission, or other D2D/ProSe communication related parameters. Other predetermined criteria, for example, can be complex levels (e.g., encryption, security, etc.) that UE 116 can set for a particular D2D/ProSe link with a particular UE 110, as well as scheduling decisions, traffic load or type, latency requirements, QoE Or QoS expected power consumption level, or other criteria. The predetermined criteria can further include poor UE measurements of channel link quality values, measurements from a plurality of UEs in the D2D/ProSe group, average measurements from measurements in the D2D/ProSe group, or requests from D2D/ProSe groups Deliver one or more measurement reports to the UE group leader of the plurality of UEs in the D2D/ProSe group.

Since all or most UE devices in a D2D/ProSe group need to implement the cellular interface HO at the same time, the group-by-group HO trigger can be triggered by the UE device 116 as the UE group leader, the UE 110 as a member of the D2D/ProSe group, or eNB 102 is generated. UE devices 110 and 116 in a D2D/ProSe group can be within a small geographic area and have similar speeds; thus they can have the same timing advance (TA). Rather than all UE devices performing random access (RA) to a target eNB or BS (e.g., eNB 104 or 212), a single UE device 116 (such as the group leader) can perform RA to obtain a TA, and then assist others in the group. A device (e.g., UE 110) obtains UL with target eNB Time synchronization. Source and target BSs can also coordinate before HO to select and assign resource pools, which can be targeted to population D2D in new cells during HO and possibly immediately after HO via D2D/ProSe link 130 or cell interface 236, 216-220 /ProSe communication is used by UE devices in the D2D/ProSe group. In the proposed solution, the source eNB 102 can provide the D2D/ProSe interface configuration information to the target eNB 104 or 212 during HO, so that the D2D/ProSe group can seamlessly continue to form a group after HO and pass the D2D The /ProSe communication channel is coupled in real time.

For example, UE devices 110 and 116 as a D2D/ProSe group can communicate with the network via source eNB 102 using cellular interface (C-interface) 218 , 236 . This C-interface can be a new 5G or later interface, or it can be an enhancement of the existing LTE Uu-interface. UE devices 110 and 116 are also able to communicate with other devices or with each other in D2D/ProSe mode through the new P-interface (eg, interface 130 ). It should be noted that the P-interface can be an enhancement of the existing LTE D2D/ProSe PC5 interface or it can be a new D2D/ProSe interface defined for 5G systems or later systems. Communication between UE devices 110 and 116 can thus operate within the D2D/ProSe group via the P-interface.

While the methods described within this disclosure are illustrated and described herein as a series of acts or events, it is to be understood that the illustrated order of such acts or events is not to be construed in a limiting manner. For example, some acts may occur in a different order and/or concurrently with other acts or events than those illustrated and/or described herein. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts are required to implement one or more aspects or embodiments of the description. Additionally, one or more acts described herein can be performed in one or more separate acts and/or phases.

Referring to FIG. 3 , a process flow 300 for D2D/ProSe group handover via components of an eNB and a UE of a D2D/ProSe group is depicted according to various embodiments that will be described further in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 . Vehicles, network devices, or other groups of similar UEs operating in platoon mode using D2D/ProSe communication on highways, for example, able to reach the coverage boundary of the current BS (source BS) and about to enter another BS (target BS) of coverage. As a result, the D2D/ProSe group HO can be implemented according to the process flow 300 mechanism of FIG. 3 to maintain the D2D/ProSe group communication via the D2D/ProSe interface component 232 of each UE 110, 116 of the D2D/ProSe group.

Initially, one or more UEs (e.g., UE 110) of D2D/ProSe group 140 that are not UE group leader 116 or UE group leader 116 can process or generate cellular quality measurements on corresponding Cell Network channels . Individual network devices or UEs of the D2D/ProSe group 140 can each be configured to generate network channel and one or more D2D/ProSe channel/link 130 measurements. At 302, a UE of the D2D/ProSe group 140 can further provide measurements to the UE group leader 116 or another UE of the D2D/ProSe group 140 via one or more D2D/ProSe channels 130 to aggregate the D2D/ProSe group 140 Inter-group link measurement and quality monitoring. Additionally, at 306, an aggregated link quality measurement report can be generated from the UE to the eNB 102 via the group leader UE 116 via one or more network channels 236 or individually.

At 304, a UE device 110 or 116 in the D2D/ProSe group 140 can request the source eNB 102 to initiate a D2D/ProSe group HO with all UEs attempting a common handover to the target eNB 104 at approximately the same time, simultaneously, or synchronously. Neighboring cells 206, 202 other than eNB 104, 212 In addition, the UE devices 110 , 116 , for example, can frequently monitor/measure the channel quality of the current cell 204 /eNB 102 to determine individual HO triggers or group HO triggers 303 .

In one example, the eNB 102 can set different thresholds for the group HO trigger 303 when the UE device is in D2D/ProSe group communication. Additionally, the D2D/ProSe group HO trigger 303 can occur via the UE group leader 116 or other UEs earlier than the individual HO trigger (i.e., when the device is not operating in group communication mode), so that any cellular link in the group Before the roads 218 and 236 fail, the D2D/ProSe group 140 gets more time to complete the D2D/ProSe group handover.

In an embodiment, the UE group leader 116 can initiate a D2D/ProSe group HO via a group HO request 304 based on an aggregated group trigger or a D2D/ProSe group HO trigger 303 on behalf of the group. Alternatively, other UE devices in the group 140 can also trigger the D2D/ProSe group HO by using the D2D/PtoSe group HO trigger 303 as a BS configurable aggregation group HO trigger. The group HO trigger 303 can enable or control all devices in the group to handover to the target eNB 104 at approximately the same time.

A group trigger for D2D/ProSe group HO can be configured as an aggregated group HO trigger for facilitating or initiating D2D/ProSe HO. The UE device 110 or 116 can explicitly indicate in the HO request 303 whether it is an individual HO request or a group HO request 304 for a D2D/ProSe group to be jointly handed over.

Group HO Trigger 303 can occur or include a variety of different triggers. For example, the D2D/ProSe group trigger can be signaled to the eNB 102 in the event when the link quality of any UE device in the D2D/ProSe group 140 falls below the threshold T _{nearLinkFailureHOTrigger} for a time period T _HO . Each UE device can evaluate this trigger as a quality link threshold, and once such an event trigger occurs, individual UE devices 110, 116 or other D2D/ProSe group member devices can send a group HO request directly or via the group leader 116 303 to eNB 102.

In another example, Group _HO Trigger 303 can include an event when more than 50% or other percentage of devices in the group have a channel link quality that falls below the _{TGroupHOTrigger} value for a time THO. Each D2D/ProSe group device can monitor events fulfilling individual criteria (the link quality of which falls below the T _{GroupHOTrigger} value for a time T _HO ), and pass through one or more D2D/ProSe channels between different D2D/ProSe group UEs The D2D/ProSe interface message exchange communicates the occurrence of such an event to the group leader 116 . The group leader 116 can further estimate a group HO trigger 303 for the whole group, and once such an event occurs, at 303 request a D2D/ProSe group HO to the source eNB 102 .

Another example of the D2D/ProSe group trigger 303 can include when more than 50% or another percentage of UE group member devices have link quality with neighboring cells (e.g., 202 or 206) that become better than the current cell link 236 or 218 Events when T _{GroupHOTriggerOffset} is better. Each UE device 110 or 116 can monitor events fulfilling individual criteria (its link quality is better than the adjacent link by the value of T _{GroupHOTriggerOffset} for time T _HO ) and communicate via one or more D2D/ProSe communication channels/links 130 The occurrence of such an event is communicated to the group leader 116 by a D2D/ProSe interface message exchange on . The UE group leader 116 can then estimate a group HO trigger 303 for the whole group and can request a group HO to the eNB 102 once such an event occurs.

At 308, the source eNB 102 can then select the target eNB 104. The source eNB 102 can request UE devices (etc.) 110, 116 in the D2D/ProSe group 140 to transmit measurement reports (etc.) based on input from other UE devices, and the source eNB 102 can select the target eNB 104 based on such reports. In another example, the source eNB 102 can request the D2D/ProSe group leader 116 to transmit a measurement report (etc.) on behalf of the D2D/ProSe group 140 . Then, at 306, the D2D/ProSe group leader 116 transmits an aggregated group measurement report, which can include several measurements, such as measurements from the worst device among the D2D/ProSe group 140, measurements from the D2D/ProSe group 140, Measurements for each UE device 110, 116 or other device in the group 140, one or more averaged measurements across the D2D/ProSe group 140, and measurement reports from the device requesting the HO.

The D2D/ProSe group leader 116 can be collected from UE devices that are part of a D2D/ProSe group or are current members by exchanging messages using the D2D/ProSe interface. measurement report. The D2D/ProSe group leader 116 can aggregate measurement reports from other devices and send the results to the eNB 102 .

At 308 , the source eNB 102 can select the best eNB as the target eNB 104 based on aggregated measurement reports from the D2D/ProSe group 140 (etc.). The target eNB 104 can be selected such that no device in the D2D/ProSe group 140 has a link quality worse than a threshold, such as T _{near LFHOTrigger} or more than X% (eg, 50%) of the devices have a link quality worse than T _{GroupHOTrigger} Better link quality. For example, other quality link thresholds can also be determined or envisaged, including the example discussed herein as including group HO trigger 303 .

In case the source eNB 102 does not find a suitable target eNB 104, any D2D/ProSe group device (which requires immediate HO) can be requested via cellular link handover to start an individual HO process without D2D/ProSe group handover. Then if the UE device (e.g., 110) completes to the point that it may not be able to support D2D/ProSe group communication or support it in a different resource pool (etc.) than the current resource pool that enables D2D/ProSe communication between D2D/ProSe groups/140 The handover of different eNBs for D2D/ProSe group communication can leave the D2D/ProSe group 140 . However, the UE device (eg, 110) can request the eNB (eg, 102 or 104) to join another or a second D2D/ProSe group as part of the handover process, individually as a Cellular Link HO, or as part of the handover process. Within a D2D/ProSe group that is part of a D2D/ProSe group removed to another group.

Alternatively or additionally, if the eNB 102 cannot find any suitable target eNB 104, it can group the UE group leader 116 for a time period or indefinitely for other UE devices (etc.) 110 of the D2D/ProSe group 140 requiring immediate HO state as a repeater/gateway. Then those UE devices having a bad link with the eNB 102 can start receiving/transmitting messages via the D2D/ProSe group leader 116 . The eNB 102 can continue to look for a suitable target eNB 104 and once it finds a suitable target eNB 104 for the D2D/ProSe group 140 , it can move the D2D/ProSe group 140 to the new eNB 104 .

In another aspect, the source eNB 102 can coordinate with the target eNB 104 for D2D/ProSe group HO through an eNB-to-eNB interface, such as the X2 interface in LTE. E.g. The source eNB 102 can share the D2D/ProSe interface configuration details and device context (e.g., group recognition) with the target eNB 104 gender, user plane and control plane properties or configuration, address, or operating frequency/band, etc.). The target eNB 104 can more roughly determine the communication resource pool (etc.) of the D2D/ProSe group 140, and transmit the new resource pool information for the D2D/ProSe interface communication of the D2D/ProSe group 140 to the source eNB 102 to coordinate the D2D/ProSe group HO . If the eNB 102, 104 decides a new resource pool to be used for D2D/ProSe group communication during (and possibly immediately after) the D2D/ProSe group HO, the source eNB 102 can send the new resource information together with the HO command To the D2D/ProSe group140. Note that it may be possible in some cases that the target eNB 104 can allow the D2D/ProSe group 140 to continue using the current resource pool for D2D/ProSe interface communication (e.g., the operating band for D2D/ProSe communication), such as, In case the dedicated band outside the cellular band is being used by the D2D/ProSe interface component(s) 232 of each individual UE device 110 , 116 .

The source eNB 102 can further generate a D2D/ProSe group HO command or a communication command. The eNB 102 can clearly indicate in the HO command whether it is an individual HO command or a group HO command for a group of UEs for handover, specifically, using cellular handover and D2D/ProSe group HO. In one example, the source eNB 102 can only transmit the D2D/ProSe group 140 HO command to one device (such as the D2D/ProSe group leader 116 or the UE device 110 requesting the HO). For example, a UE device receiving a group HO from the source eNB 102 can communicate the D2D/ProSe group 140 HO to all other devices in the D2D/ProSe group 140 using the D2D/ProSe interface.

In another example, at 310, the source eNB 102 can send the HO command to All UE devices 110 , 116 in the D2D/ProSe group 140 . For example, if the D2D/ProSe group 140 size is very large, or the size exceeds a certain threshold, the source eNB 102 can use a broadcast/multicast message operation to send a D2D/ProSe group HO message, which can have a HO command or communication to all devices Order. For example, a system information block (SIB) can be defined for this purpose, where SIB messages carry HO commands and corresponding group D2D/ProSe group IDs (eg, with individual IDs and group IDs). In another example, the source eNB 102 can also use the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) function to send group HO communication messages or commands to one or more UEs of the D2D/ProSe group of devices.

The group communication resource pool can contain configurations for D2D/ProSe group HO after the group HO command is obtained at 310 to use D2D/ProSe communication between the D2D/ProSe group 140 using one or more eNBs also operated by each UE D2D/ProSe group communication is seamlessly enabled on the channel. If the HO communication command contains a new group communication resource configuration (etc.), the UE device 110, 116 or others can be in a dedicated band (called unlicensed band for V2X) or a licensed band (e.g., UL Cellular Band) immediately uses the new resource pool for D2D/ProSe group communication or starts after D2D/ProSe group HO is completed. Switching to a new resource can also depend on whether the D2D/ProSe communication is time aligned with the cellular communication. If the D2D/ProSe communication is time-aligned with the cellular communication or eNB communication operation, the UE devices 110, 116 can switch to the new resource pool after HO is completed or after achieving time synchronization (time synchronization) with the target eNB 104 . For example, in some cases, switching to a new resource pool can also be coordinated by the D2D/ProSe group leader 116, such as when When one or more UEs in the D2D/ProSe group use the D2D/ProSe group leader as a gateway or relay. If the HO command does not include a new resource pool configuration, the current resource pool can be effectively used for group communication at least until the D2D/ProSe group HO is completed and the group can be moved to the target eNB 104 . The target eNB 104 can also change the D2D/ProSe group 140 resources (eg, bandwidth, operating frequency range, or other resources of the resource pool) after the group HO is completed.

In another embodiment, synchronization can be achieved using the target eNB 104 after receiving 310 the group HO command. The UE devices of the D2D/ProSe group 140 can then synchronize in DL to the target eNB 104 and read system information (SI) from the target eNB 104 at 314 based on the HO command or resources of the resource pool. The UE devices of the D2D/ProSe group 140 can further implement security updates for the target eNB 104 . First, at 312, only one UE device (which can indicate or be identified in the HO command, such as the group leader 116 or UE device 116 that initiated the HO) can perform random access to achieve UL Timing Advance (TA ) for uplink synchronization with the target eNB 104. This first UE device (eg, UE group leader 116 ) can then assist all other devices in the D2D/ProSe group 140 to achieve UL synchronization with the target eNB 104 at 314 by communicating the TA value through the D2D/ProSe interface. The UE devices of the D2D/ProSe group 140 can then use the DL time synchronization and TA value to get UL synchronized with the target eNB 104 . At 316, one or more UE devices of the D2D/ProSe group 140 can then send an acknowledgment message stating that UL time synchronization is complete to the first device (eg, the D2D/ProSe group leader 116) via group communication. At 316, for example, the first device can then transmit an air interface message such as a radio resource control message in LTE message) to the target eNB 104 on behalf of the D2D/ProSe group 140 to indicate to the target eNB 104 that the radio reconfiguration is complete. From now on, the UE devices of the D2D/ProSe group 140 can perform user plane UL data transmission via the target eNB 104 whenever needed.

The core network (eg, with or including the eNB 102 or 104 Evolved Packet Core (EPC)) can then forward the user plane DL data for the D2D/ProSe group 140 to the target eNB 104 from this point. At 318, the target eNB 104 then notifies the source eNB 102 of the completion of the group HO. The source eNB 102 can maintain or maintain the user plane data connection with the UE device of the D2D/ProSe group 140 until the completion of the D2D/ProSe group HO, especially when sub-microsecond delay is used for the user plane. The UE network device can use two different RF-chains to enable this operation.

At 320, the source eNB 102 can complete any residual user plane data transfers and then release the user plane data connection with the device. For example, the source eNB 102 can complete any UL level data transmission in the buffer or queue, and release the UL connection with the UE in the D2D/ProSe group 140 .

In another embodiment, if the D2D/ProSe group 140 HO fails, where one or more UE devices of the D2D/ProSe group 140 are not handed over to the target eNB 104 as planned, different operations can occur. For example, the source eNB 102 can run a timer or timing component (not shown) for a specific period or duration to detect D2D/ProSe group HO failure. Once the group HO command is transmitted at 308 or 310, the timer can be started or counted down. At 316, the timer can be stopped by the source eNB 102 after the group HO is completed by receiving a complete message from the target eNB 104 or the UE device of the D2D/ProSe group 140 end. Expiration of this timer can indicate failure of the group HO.

Additionally or alternatively, the target eNB 104 or UE device 110 (which could have initiated the D2D/ProSe group HO) can inform the source eNB 102 about the failure of the D2D/ProSe group HO. In case of group HO failure, additional operations can be initiated. In one example, the source eNB 102 can request that one or more UE devices (which require immediate HO) initiate individual HO operations by specifically sending separate regular HO commands to them directly from the source eNB Commands can then trigger individual HOs via the cellular link. These UE devices in this case can then move to the target eNB 104 separately or independently from the D2D/ProSe group HO.

After HO completion, if the rest of the D2D/ProSe group remains in the previous eNB (source eNB 102), the source eNB 102 can request these devices (with successful HO completion) to leave the D2D/ProSe group 140 for better retention D2D/ProSe communication over quality channel links or D2D/ProSe links 130 corresponding to cellular links 236 , 218 .

In another example, the source eNB can attempt to form a new D2D/ProSe group (in the target eNB 104 ) for UE devices before moving the devices to the target eNB 104 . The source eNB 102 can negotiate with the target eNB 104 to allow or enable such UE devices (which require immediate HO) to connect to the new group during or before HO. This ensures lower latency on D2D/ProSe interface communication during HO. One use case for this is when one or more UR devices (e.g., vehicles) from a D2D/ProSe or 140 at a cell boundary turn right or left (or exit from a freeway) while other vehicles continue on that road/highway Go straight on the road.

Referring to FIG. 4 , another example process flow 400 for group handover operations within a wireless communication network environment is depicted in accordance with various aspects or embodiments described herein. Method 400 begins at 402 by forming a D2D/ProSe group (eg, group 140 ) with one or more UEs (eg, UEs 110 - 118 ) initiating a group communication mode. The serving/source eNB 102 can assign resource pools for D2D/ProSe interface group communication between members of the group, which can be based on resource pools including IDs of individual members and for groups assisted by the source eNB 102 or other eNBs state. A group leader (eg, UE 116) can be selected or designated by the eNB 102, which can then act as a data host, repeater, or gateway to coordinate D2D/ProSe group communication between groups.

At 404 , the group leader 116 can assist/coordinate monitoring of aggregated link quality in the group 140 using the source eNB 102 or neighboring eNBs 104 , 212 . For example, the UEs of the group 140 can send measurement reports to the group leader 116 using the D2D/ProSe interface communication channel/link 130 and the resource pool provided for the eNB 102 .

At 406, the group HO trigger can be detected by the UE 110 or 116, and the UE device 110 or 116 can request the source eNB 102 for D2D/ProSe group HO.

At 408, the source eNB 102 can receive the group aggregation measurement report (etc.) via the UE group leader 116 and select the target eNB 104 based on the report (etc.).

At 410, the source eNB 102 can communicate with the target by transmitting the context of the UE device (e.g., one or more ids, or configuration data, etc.) and the D2D/ProSe interface configuration, such as group data, or group members, etc. The eNB 104 coordinates. D2D/ProSe group HO can reconfigure by sending D2D/ProSe interface Information, such as a new resource pool for D2D/ProSe interface group communication which can be made available at least before the successful completion of the D2D/ProSe group HO or possibly thereafter, occurs or forms at the target eNB 104 . The cellular interface HO occurs using the target eNB 104 that transmits the cellular interface radio resource configuration (RRC) to one or more of the D2D/ProSe group.

At 412 , the source eNB 102 can further send a HO command to the D2D/ProSe group, and the cellular interface radio reconfiguration information can be sent from the target eNB 104 .

At 414, UEs of the D2D/ProSe group 140 can start D2D/ProSe communication on the new resource pool indicated in the HO command. As a result, the UE can then sync with the target eNB 104 on the DL and can receive system information. The group leader 116 can perform random access, get timing advance (TA) values, and synchronize with the target eNB 104 on the UL. The UE group leader 116 can further signal the TA value to the D2D/ProSe group UEs so that each of them can be individually synchronized with the target eNB 104 without them having to perform further random access.

At 416 , the group leader 116 can send a reconfiguration complete message to the target eNB 104 . Then the target eNB can in turn instruct the core network or eNB 102 about the completion of the D2D/ProSe group HO.

Referring to FIG. 5 , it depicts the process flow for the case that the completion of all UEs of the D2D/ProSe group is not completely successful, but partially successful, where only part of the UEs of the D2D/ProSe group are handed over. For example, FIG. 5 can operate more as an extension of FIG. 4, or operate independently.

At 502, in response to a partial D2D/ProSe group HO failure, the group leader, source eNB 102, or target eNB 104 can notify it of the partial failure At least one of the other devices, such as by notifying the group leader, UE device members of the D2D/ProSe group, the source eNB, or the target eNB, or any combination thereof.

At 504, termination of the D2D/ProSe group HO can take place and all UEs of the D2D/ProSe group can return to the source eNB. Alternatively or additionally, successful UE devices that have been handed over to the target eNB 104 can successfully stay in the target eNB, and unsuccessful UE devices can leave the D2D/ProSe group by requesting or causing them to leave. For example, the unsuccessful UE can then stay or return to the source eNB 102 or other more suitable eNB, at which point they can form a new second D2D/ProSe group with different members, or use The common resource of both is to use different serving eNBs 102 and 104 to maintain the D2D/ProSe group.

In case of a partial group HO failure, a partial group failure message can be communicated by one or more UEs of the D2D/ProSe group, such as the group leader 116 , the failed UE 110 , the target eNB 104 , or by the source eNB 102 . This can occur when some devices successfully complete HO after receiving a group HO command, while others cannot complete HO (eg, due to channel degradation with the target eNB 104 after group HO initiation). If one of the UE devices indicates HO failure (HOF) to the group leader 116 , in one embodiment, all devices including the group leader 116 can terminate the HO and return or remain connected to the source eNB 102 .

In another embodiment, one of the UE devices can indicate HOF to the group leader 116, implementing a partial group HO, where those devices that successfully HO are only remaining members of the group 140 (etc.). Then can be forced HOF installed Leave group 140 or be asked to leave. D2D/ProSe signaling can then be used for those devices leaving the group 140 .

In another embodiment, the target BS 104 can inform the source BS 102 about the partial group HO when the target BS 104 finds a situation that not all devices have successfully moved to it. In this case, the above options or embodiments can be applied at the eNB 104 to notify one or more network devices, and the group HO is terminated or UEs unable to complete the HO can return to the source eNB 102 .

Additionally or alternatively, the group leader 116 can inform the target eNB 104 as well as the source eNB 102 about the partial HO situation. Specifically, the group leader 116 can evaluate and notify the eNBs 102, 104 about the partial group HO situation if all devices do not implement RA with the target eNB for UL time synchronization (as discussed above).

In another embodiment, if the D2D/ProSe interface resources are shared by the two eNBs 102, 104, the successful UE device and the failed UE device can continue group communication as a D2D/ProSe group through the D2D/ProSe link. Otherwise, UE devices that successfully move to the target BS can remain in the group, or the target eNB 104 can ask them to join a nearby or different D2D/ProSe group. The failed UE devices can form a new group under the source eNB 102, or the source eNB 102 can ask them to join an existing neighbor group under the source eNB.

Figure 6 depicts another process flow in accordance with various embodiments. For example, method 600 uses one or more of UE or eNB to process cellular network communication (etc.) The resource pool or one or more configuration parameters capable of D2D/ProSe communication are started. At 604, the method 600 continues to control the D2D/ProSe communication on the D2D/ProSe channel, and controls the D2D/ProSe group HO based on the communication on the cellular network channel, the D2D/ProSe communication on the D2D/ProSe channel, or one or more other predetermined criteria. The predetermined criteria can include one or more of the following: aggregated measurement reports or data therein, poor UE measurements of channel link quality values from the D2D/ProSe group, measurements from multiple UEs of the D2D/ProSe group, Average measurement values from measurements of the D2D/ProSe group, one or more measurement reports from the UE group leader of the plurality of UEs of the D2D/ProSe group requesting D2D/ProSe group handover, corresponding to the D2D/ProSe group A plurality of UEs in a group are related to the link quality threshold of one or more network channels, the group threshold related to the link quality threshold, the neighbor cells compared with the group threshold or the link quality threshold Quality threshold, or one or more requests for D2D/ProSe group handover or cellular handover for UEs of D2D/ProSe group.

Referring to FIG. 7 , another wireless network communication environment for configuring UEs or other network devices (eg, eNBs) forming D2D/ProSe groups and generating group handovers that can be used in accordance with various aspects or embodiments is depicted. UEs 110, 118, and 116 can include additional components, besides channel quality measurement component 710 and D2D/ProSe HO component 720, which include D2D/ProSe interface component 232, Cell Network interface component 234 as described above. Additionally, eNB 102 or any other eNB as discussed can include D2D/ProSe interface component 240 , Cell Network interface component 242 , channel quality measurement component 730 , D2D/ProSe HO component 740 , and HO command component 750 .

The channel quality measurement components 710, 730 can generate, process, receive, or transmit the quantity of cellular network channels/links and D2D/ProSe channel links and provide measurements to the group leader UE (e.g., 116) via one or more D2D/ProSe channels or provide measurements to the group leader UE (eg, 116) via one or more network channels via the cell network interface components 234, 242 eNB 102 of the leader UE.

The D2D/ProSe handover components 720, 740 can designate a UE group leader representing multiple UEs of the D2D/ProSe group 140 to aggregate measurements from multiple UEs of the D2D/ProSe group 140, and combine one or more resource pools Communicating to other UEs in the D2D/ProSe group to enable D2D/ProSe communication, or in response to no target eNB 102 being detected for an individual UE 110 or 118, communicating D2D/ProSe communication to request individual handover via cellular handover UEs of the D2D/ProSe group. In addition, the D2D/ProSe handover components 720 and 740 can complete any uplink (UL) layer data transmission in the buffer, and release UL connections with multiple UEs in the D2D/ProSe group after the D2D/ProSe group handover. The D2D/ProSe handover components 720, 740 can be updated based on measurements from one or more D2D/ProSe channels of the D2D/ProSe group or information from the target eNB associated with the current D2D/ProSe channel within the coverage area of the target eNB It is determined whether the D2D/ProSe group 140 continues to use the current D2D/ProSe channel or the new D2D/ProSe channel of one or more D2D/ProSe channels.

The handover command component 750 is capable of generating a group handover command and enabling signaling of the group handover command to the UE group leader 116 of the D2D/ProSe group 140 or a plurality of UEs of the D2D/ProSe group, wherein the group handover command includes at least one of the following: Instructions for D2D/ProSe group handover to the target eNB, radio resource configuration (RRC) information related to cellular network communication, or related to Other RRC information related to D2D/ProSe communication, wherein the other RRC information includes the radio resource pool allocated to the D2D/ProSe group to enable D2D/ProSe communication via the unlicensed frequency band or the licensed frequency band. The handover command component 750 can also signal the radio resource pool to the UE group leader or the UEs of the D2D/ProSe group, which upon receiving the D2D/ProSe group handover from the source eNB and time synchronization with the UEs of the D2D/ProSe group Then enable D2D/ProSe communication.

In some embodiments, there can be scenarios where even UE devices 110, 116, 118 or other UEs belong to the same group 140, especially with very large D2D/ProSe groups 140, they can be connected via different cells or eNBs 102, 212 and their respective coverage areas are connected to the network. In this case, the handover can be performed individually for each UE device 110, 116, 118 in the group, or the group handover can occur using some devices (eg, 110 and 116) in conjunction with cellular handover, while individual cellular handovers occur. Handoffs occur using other UE devices 118 only. After performing individual handover, the UE devices 110, 116, 118 can continue to use the same channel for D2D/ProSe communication between them, otherwise a new channel for group communication is provided into the group 140 by the network all devices.

In another embodiment, for example, the UE device 118 can report measurements indicating the need for handover, such as from the source eNB 102 to the target eNB 220 . The source eNB 102 can decide to hand over individual UE devices 110 . At this point in time, the source eNB 102 can also decide whether the group 140 can continue to use the current D2D/ProSe group channel 130 or whether a new group should be formed. This decision can be based on: a. the D2D/ProSe Measurements on channel 130. If the channel quality is not good, a new D2D/ProSe channel can be generated for the group 140; or b. a request can be sent to the target eNB 212 to check if the currently used channel can be used in the new cell without too much interference or exceeding Specific threshold interference, such as signal-to-noise threshold, or RSSI threshold, etc. If the same D2D/ProSe channel can be used, the UE device 118 can resume D2D/ProSe communication after individual handover. If a new channel is required, the target eNB 212 can send a response message to the source eNB 102 using the new D2D/ProSe group channel information. The source eNB 102 can then reconfigure all UE devices connected to the group of base stations 140 . In order to prevent the target eNB 212 from allocating resources that cannot be recognized by the source eNB 102, the source eNB 102 can provide a list of current channel states in the source cell (e.g., cell region/area 204 of FIG. 2 ), such as which band is being used, Any channel is vacant, or other relevant criteria. This can be used as a suggestion to the target eNB 212, for example, to allocate a suitable D2D/ProSe channel.

To provide more context for the various aspects or embodiments of the disclosed subject matter, FIG. 8 depicts a network (e.g., base station, wireless access point, A block diagram of an embodiment of an access (user) device 126, 130 related to access to a home access point, etc.).

The access device, UE, and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104 or other network devices related to network access can receive information from the wireless network via segments 802 ₁ -802 _a (where "a" is a positive integer). Signals (etc.) from devices, wireless ports, wireless routers, etc. and transmit to them. Sections 802 ₁ -802 _a can be internal and/or external to access devices and/or software 110 , 116 , 102 , 104 related to network access and can be controlled by monitoring component 804 and antenna component 806 . The monitoring component 804 and the antenna component 806 can be coupled to a communication platform 808, which can include electronic components and associated circuitry that provide processing and manipulation of received signals (etc.) and other signals (etc.) to be transmitted.

In one aspect, the communication platform 808 includes a receiver/transmitter 810 capable of converting analog signals to digital signals when receiving analog signals and converting digital signals to analog signals when transmitting. In addition, the receiver/transmitter 810 can split a single data stream into multiple parallel data streams or perform reciprocal operations. A multiplexer/demultiplexer 812 that facilitates manipulation of signals in time and frequency space can be coupled to the connector/transmitter 810 . The multiplexer/demultiplexer 812 can design multiplexing information (data/flow and control/sending) according to various multiplexing, such as time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, code division Multi-tasking, space-splitting and multi-tasking. Additionally, the multiplexer/demultiplexer component 812 can mix and spread information (e.g., codes, essentially any codes known in the art, such as Hadamard-Walsh codes, Baker codes, Kasami codes, and multiple phase code, etc.).

The modulator/demodulator 814 is also part of the communication platform 808 and can modulate information according to various modulation techniques, such as frequency modulation, amplitude modulation (e.g., M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation, where M is a positive integer); and phase shift keying, etc.

The access device and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104 related to network access also includes a processor 816 configured to substantially delegate at least some functionality to the access device and/or software 110, 116, 102, 102, Any electronic component in 104. In particular processor 816 can monitor components via, for example, 804 , antenna component 806 , and one or more components therein facilitate configuration of the access device and/or software 110 , 116 , 102 , 104 . In addition, the access device and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104 can include a display interface 818, which can display the functions controlling the functions of the access device and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104, or reveal its operating conditions . Additionally, the display interface 818 can include a screen to convey information to the end user. In one aspect, the display interface 818 can be a liquid crystal display, a plasma panel, an electrochromic display based on a single-layer film, and the like. Furthermore, the display interface 818 can include components to facilitate communication of auditory indicia (eg, speakers), which can also be used in conjunction with messages conveying operating instructions to the end user. The display interface 818 can also facilitate data entry (eg, via a linked keypad or via touch gestures), which can cause the access device and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104 to receive external commands (eg, reboot operations).

Broadband network interface 820 facilitates connection of access devices and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104 via backhaul links (etc.) (not shown) to networks that can include one or more cellular technologies (e.g., third generation Partners plan UMTS, GSM, etc.) service provider networks (not shown) that enable incoming and outgoing data flows. The broadband network interface 820 can be internal or external to the access device and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104 and can use the display interface 818 for end-user interaction and status information delivery.

Processor 816 can be functionally connected to communication platform 808 and can facilitate operations on data (e.g., symbols, bits, or chips) for multiplexing/demultiplexing, such as performing direct and inverse FFT, modulation rate Signals for selection, data packet format, and inter-packet time, etc. Furthermore, processor 816 can be functionally connected to display interface 818 and broadband network interface 820 via data, system, or address bus 822 to at least partially delegate functionality to each of such components.

In the access device and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104, the memory 824 can hold the location and/or coverage authorized for access to the wireless coverage via the access device and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104 Areas (e.g., jumbo sectors, identifiers (etc.)) access lists (etc.), sectors that can include ratings of coverage areas in the wireless environment of the access device and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104 intelligence, or the quality and strength of radio links associated with them, etc. The memory 824 can also store data structures, code commands and program modules, system or device information, code sequences for mixing codes, spread spectrum and pilot transmissions, and access point configurations. Processor 816 can be coupled (e.g., via a memory bus) to memory 824 for storing and retrieving information for operation and/or granting functions to residing in access devices and/or software 110, 116, 102, 104 Components, platforms, and interfaces within.

Additionally, memory 824 can include one or more machine-readable media that, when implemented by a machine or components thereof, cause the machine to implement methods for simultaneous communication using multiple communication technologies according to the embodiments and examples described herein or instructions for the action of a device or system.

As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), electronic circuit, processor (shared, dedicated, or grouped), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or grouped), combinational logic circuits, and/or other combinational part of, or include, suitable hardware components. In some embodiments, the circuit can be implemented by one or more software or firmware modules, or the functions associated with the circuit can be implemented by one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least in part, operable by hardware.

The embodiments described herein may be implemented as a system using any suitably configured hardware and/or software. FIG. 9 depicts example components for an electronic device 900 of one embodiment. In an embodiment, the electronic device 900 may be implemented as, incorporated into, or otherwise part of a user equipment (UE), an evolved Node B (eNB), some other electronic device. In some embodiments, electronic device 900 may include application circuitry 902, baseband circuitry 904, radio frequency (RF) circuitry 906, front end module (FEM) circuitry 908, and one or more antennas 910 coupled at least as shown. connected together. When used in a UE device, the FEM circuit 908 can also include transmit and receive paths for device-to-device communications received directly from another UE device without traveling through the E-UTRAN (eg, ProSe interface circuit). When used in a UE device, FEM circuitry 808 can also include transmit and receive paths for cellular communications received from E-UTRAN or E-UTRAN (eg, cellular interface circuitry). In other embodiments, the above circuit can be included in a plurality of devices (eg, eNB implemented according to Cloud-RAN (C-RAN)).

Application circuitry 902 may include one or more application processors. For example, application circuitry 902 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Processor(s) may include any combination of general purpose processors and special purpose processors (eg, graphics processors, application processors, etc.). Processors may be coupled with and/or may include memory/storage, and may be combined state to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.

Baseband circuitry 904 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Baseband circuitry 904 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from the receive signal path of RF circuitry 906 and to generate baseband signals for the transmit signal path of RF circuitry 906 . Baseband processing circuitry 904 may interface with application circuitry 902 for generating and processing baseband signals and for controlling the operation of RF circuitry 906 . For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuit 904 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 904a, a third generation (3G) baseband processor 904b, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 904c, and/or Other baseband processor(s) 904d in other existing, developing or future generations (eg, fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). Baseband circuitry 904 (eg, one or more of baseband processors 904a - d ) may manage various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via RF circuitry 906 . Radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, and the like. In some embodiments, the modulation/demodulation circuit of the baseband circuit 904 may include fast Fourier transform (FFT), precoding, and/or cluster mapping/demapping functions. In some embodiments, the encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuit 904 may include convolution, de-tailing convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or low density parity checking (LDPC) encoder/decoder functions. In other embodiments, the implementation of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functions is not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functions.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuit 904 may include elements of a protocol stack, such as elements of the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) protocol, including, for example, physical (PHY), medium access control (MAC) , radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements. The central processing unit (CPU) 904e of the baseband circuit 904 may be configured as an element running a protocol stack for PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and/or RRC layer signaling. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processors (or the like) (DSP) 904f. In other embodiments, the audio DSP (etc.) 904f may include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation, and may include other suitable processing elements.

The baseband circuit 904 may further include a memory/storage 904g. The memory/storage 904g may be used to load and store data and/or instructions for operations performed by the processor of the baseband circuit 904 . Memory/storage for an embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile and/or non-volatile memory. Memory/storage 904g may include any combination of various levels of memory/storage including, but not limited to, read only memory (ROM) with embedded software instructions (e.g., firmware), random access memory memory (eg, dynamic random access memory (DRAM)), cache memory, buffers, and the like. Memory/storage 904g may be shared among various processors or dedicated to a particular processor.

In some embodiments, the components of the baseband circuit can be suitably combined on a single chip, in a single chip group, or disposed on the same circuit board. In some embodiments, part or all of the baseband circuit 904 and the application circuit 902 can be Some of the constituent elements are co-implemented, for example, on a System-on-Chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, baseband circuitry 904 may provide communications compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuit 904 can support and evolve Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), wireless area network (WLAN), wireless personal area network Road (WPAN) communication. Embodiments in which baseband circuitry 904 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multimode baseband circuitry.

The RF circuit 906 may enable communication via a non-solid medium with a wireless network using modulated electromagnetic radiation. In various embodiments, RF circuitry 906 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 906 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down convert the RF signal received from FEM circuitry 908 and provide a baseband signal to baseband circuitry 904 . RF circuitry 906 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert the baseband signal provided by baseband circuitry 904 and provide the RF output signal to FEM circuitry 908 for transmission.

In some embodiments, the RF circuit 906 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the RF circuit 906 may include a mixer circuit 906a, an amplifier circuit 906b, and a filter circuit 906c. The transmission signal path of the RF circuit 906 may include a filter circuit 906c and a mixer circuit 906a. The RF circuit 906 may also include a synthesizer circuit 906d for combining the frequencies used by the mixer circuit 906a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 906a of the receive signal path may be configured based on the The RF signal received from the FEM circuit 908 is down-converted to a synthesized frequency of . Amplifier circuit 906b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signal, and filter circuit 906c may be configured as a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (LPF) that removes unwanted signals from the down-converted signal to produce an output baseband signal. pass filter (BPF). The output baseband signal may be provided to baseband circuitry 904 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signal may be a zero frequency baseband signal, although this is not required. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 906a of the receive signal path may comprise a passive mixer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 906a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert the input baseband signal to produce an RF output signal for the FEM circuit 908 based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuit 906d. The baseband signal may be provided by baseband circuitry 904 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 906c. Filter circuit 906c may include a low pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 906a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers, and may be configured for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 906a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be configured for image rejection (eg, Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 906a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 906a of the transmit signal path may be configured for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit of the receive signal path 906a and the mixer circuit 906a of the transmission signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.

In some embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be baseband signals. In such alternative embodiments, RF circuitry 906 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry, and baseband circuitry 904 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with RF circuitry 906 .

In some dual-mode embodiments, separate radio IC circuits for processing signals for each frequency spectrum may be provided, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 906d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional-N/N+1 synthesizer, although while other kinds of frequency synthesizers may be suitable, the embodiments are not within the scope of this aspect. Restricted. For example, the synthesizer circuit 906d may be a difference-and-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

Synthesizer circuit 906d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by mixer circuit 906a of RF circuit 906 based on the frequency input and the divider control input. In some embodiments, the combiner circuit 906d may be a fractional N/N+1 combiner.

In some embodiments, the frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although this is not required. The divider control input can be provided by the baseband circuit 904 or the application processor 902 depending on the desired output frequency. for. In some embodiments, the divider control input (eg, N) may be determined from a lookup table based on the channel indicated by the application processor 902 .

The combiner circuit 906d of the RF circuit 906 may include a divider, a delay locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider can be a dual-modulus divider (DMD), and the phase accumulator can be a bit-phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD can be configured to divide an input signal by either N or N+1 (eg, based on a carry out) to provide a fractional divide ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, adjustable, delay elements, phase detectors, charge pumps, and D-type flip-flops. In these embodiments, the delay elements can be configured to break up the VCO cycle into Nd equal phase packets, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 906d can be configured to generate a carrier frequency as an output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency can be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., double the carrier frequency, quadruple the carrier frequency) And used in combination with a quadrature generator and a divider circuit to generate a plurality of signals having a plurality of different phases correlated with each other at a carrier frequency. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be the LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, RF circuit 906 may include an IQ/polarity converter.

The FEM circuitry 908 may include a receive signal path, which may include components configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 910, amplify the received signals, and provide an amplified version of the received signals to the RF circuitry 906 for further processing. circuit. FEM circuit 908 may also include transmission signal path may include circuitry configured to amplify a signal for transmission provided by RF circuitry 906 for transmission by one or more of one or more antennas 910 .

In some embodiments, the FEM circuit 908 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuit may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuit may include a low noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify the received RF signal and provide the amplified received RF signal as an output (eg, to RF circuit 906 ). The transmit signal path of FEM circuit 908 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify the input RF signal (e.g., provided by RF circuit 906), and one or more filters to generate an RF signal for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 910).

In some embodiments, the electronic device 900 may include additional components, such as memory/storage, display, camera, sensors, and/or input/output (I/O) interfaces.

In some embodiments, a radio frequency (RF) circuit may communicate with one or more UEs in the UE group via a device-to-device (D2D/ProSe) protocol. The baseband circuitry may initiate a group handover request based on aggregated link qualities of one or more UEs in the UE group.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuit can identify the target BS based on the aggregated link quality of one or more UEs in the UE group. The RF circuit may transmit the handover command to one or more UEs in the UE group.

10 further depicts an example architecture for supporting group mode operation in UE devices by providing network assistance in forming and maintaining groups of UE devices. Figure 10 The architecture can be applied to ProSe functionality in both the UE and the network as part of any D2D communication, component, or operation discussed herein. The architecture includes a network 1000 that communicates wirelessly with a plurality of UE devices 110, 116, or other network devices. The network 1000 can include E-UTRAN equipment, ProSe functional circuitry 1010 as part of or comprising a D2D or ProSe interface component (eg, 232 or 240 ), and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. The ProSe functional circuit 1010 operates in a similar manner to or with other components discussed herein (eg, group HO components or D2D labeled components), and can be an extension of ProSe functionality.

The UE devices described herein can further include a UE ProSe circuit 1030 . The UE ProSe circuit 1030 can be configured to interact with the group management circuit 1010 to get support from the network for setting up group communication. Each UE device can include PC5 interface circuitry (not shown) that follows the PC5 protocol as described in more detail in TS 23.303 of the 3GPP specification, which operates similarly to the D2D interface circuitry.

The network (eg, E-UTRAN or EPC network) can allocate resources on a per-group basis using group information maintained by the ProSe functional circuit 1010 about UE devices and groups. Network 1000 can employ group management circuitry 1010 to facilitate efficient formation and management of groups throughout the coverage area. The ProSe functional circuit 1010 can allow groups to be formed and managed in the link layer (eg, by E-UTRAN), which optimizes resource allocation and access methods resulting in reduced latency. This link-layer based approach can address the shortcomings of handling group management in the application layer. For purposes of this description, the example network and devices can also be considered in the context of cooperative driving or other network cooperative management operations for networked devices. However, it is to be understood that the network-assisted group management techniques described herein are equally applicable to groups of UE devices cooperating in any manner using D2D communication.

Several groups (1-n) of UE devices 1005 are displayed. While only two or three UE devices are shown in each group in FIG. 10, multiple UE devices can typically be members of the same group. Each UE device can communicate with E-UTRAN through the LTE-Uu interface and communicate with other UE devices in the group through the PC5 interface. The UE ProSe circuitry 1030 in each UE device can be configured to generate, transmit, receive, and process group messages according to predetermined rules applied to UE devices operating in group mode. Group messages are generated based on responsibilities assigned to UE devices by virtue of their membership in the group. The behavior of UE devices is controlled to a certain extent based on group messages received from other group members. It can thus be said that group messages communicate among group members information that is used by group members to coordinate the actions of group members. The UE devices in the group are all configured according to the same group configuration data generated based on the group information maintained by the ProSe functional circuit 1010 .

Examples of group messages can include sensor data generated by on-board sensors (not shown) of the UE device. The sensor data can indicate the UE device's speed, trajectory, and other information useful in coordinating synchronized movements with other group members. Device-to-device communication using sensor data enables sharing of data in a near real-time manner, which facilitates synchronization effects. Event notifications can also be communicated in group messages. Event notification can notify other group members that the UE device is taking certain actions, such as stopping, and booting. Group messages can also relate to UE device membership in a group, such as alerting group members that a UE device is joining a group or a UE device is leaving a group and should no longer involve UEs in the group Synchronization of movement between devices. Group messages can be exchanged among group members as specified by the configuration data received from the ProSe functional circuit 1010 .

The UE device 1005 can receive group configuration data from the E-UTRAN on the LTE-Uu interface, and configure various aspects of the operation of the PC5 interface or D2D interface components, for example, to communicate group messages within the group to which the UE device 1005 belongs . For example, UE device 1005 can configure PC5 interface circuit 140 to use the frequency band specified in the configuration data assigned to the group. The UE device can also configure the PC5 interface circuit to use a particular transmission mode (eg, scheduled or contention-based) specified by configuration data used by group members. The transmission mode defines the protocol that the UE device should use to access the allocated resources. The transmission mode may be contention-based (eg, UE devices listen before storing) or scheduled (slots are provided to each UE device, such as message slots or communication bands/duration).

Recall that the application layer approach to group management does not always support resource allocation to groups of UE devices. Conversely, the ProSe functional circuit 1010 can initiate or enable the network 1000 to allocate resources on a group basis. This means that a specific resource group is assigned to group 1 when it is generated, such as a group that can then follow group 1's resource blocks. When the membership of group 1 changes, the resources allocated to group 1 remain the same unless the resources are explicitly changed by network 1000 . This means that an individual UE device that is a member of a group and seeks to send a group message to another group member does not need resources from the network 1000 to do so. A UE device may use resources allocated to all group members throughout its membership in the group. This reduces latency and improves the reliability of communications between group members.

The ProSe functional circuit 1010 controls the allocation of resources among various groups of UE devices. ProSe functional circuit 1010 is depicted as being in E-UTRAN and The core networks are shared because some functions of the ProSe functional circuit 1010 can be distributed to individual eNBs depending on the individual eNB capabilities or the desired level of core network control on group management. For example, in one embodiment, the eNB may allocate radio resources using information from the core network and group information maintained by the ProSe functional circuit 1010 . In another embodiment, the core network may determine the radio resource allocation for the group.

In general, the ProSe functional circuit 1010 generates instructions that, when executed by the core network, result in the collection and storage of "group information" 1015. Group information is information related to a group of UE devices. ProSe functional circuitry 1010 generates instructions which, when executed by the E-UTRAN RF circuitry, cause the E-UTRAN RF circuitry to i) communicate with the EPC network for the group to obtain group information that can be used to define resources to be allocated to the group, and ii) transmitting configuration data including resource allocation to the LTE-Uu interface circuit of the UE devices in the group.

The term "processor" as it is used in this specification can refer to substantially any computing processing unit or device, including, but not limited to including, a single-core processor; a single processor with software multi-threaded execution capabilities; a multi-core processor ; Multi-core processor with software multi-thread execution capability; Multi-core processor with hardware multi-thread technology; Parallel platform; and Parallel platform with distributed shared memory. In addition, a processor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit, a digital signal processor, a field-effect programmable gate array, a programmable logic controller, a complex programmable logic device, a discrete gate or a transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to implement the functions and/or processes described herein. Processors can utilize nanoscale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum dot based transistors bodies, switches, and gates to optimize space usage or enhance the performance of mobile devices. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computational processing units.

In this specification, terms such as "memory," "data storage," "data storage," "database," and any other information storage component materially related to the operation and function of the component and/or process are means a "memory component" or an entity embodied in "memory" or a component that includes memory. It should be noted that the memory components described herein can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memory.

By way of illustration, and not limitation, for example, non-volatile memory can be included in memory, non-volatile memory (see below), disk storage (see below), and memory storage (see below) . Additionally, non-volatile memory can be included in ROM, PROM, EEPROM, EEPROM, or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory, which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, random access memory can be used in many forms, such as synchronous random access memory, dynamic random access memory, synchronous dynamic random access memory, double data rate synchronous dynamic random access Memory, Enhanced Synchronous DRAM, Synchlink DRAM, and Direct Rambus RAM. Additionally, the disclosed memory components of the systems or methods herein are intended to include, without limitation, these and any other suitable kind of memory.

Examples can include patented subject matter, such as methods, Mechanism of actions or blocks, comprising at least one machine-readable medium of instructions which, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to implement the method or apparatus or system for parallel communication using multiple communication technologies according to the embodiments and examples described herein action.

Example 1 is an apparatus configured to be employed by a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a cellular network interface component configured to generate and process cellular network communications over one or more network channels, enabling cellular handover in a wireless network and enabling formation of a D2D group with one or more additional UEs via communicatively coupling device-to-device (D2D) groups via one or more D2D channels; and a ProSe interface a component, communicatively coupled to the cellular network interface component, configured to generate and process D2D communications over the one or more D2D channels between the D2D groups, and to enable D2D group handover based on at least one of the following : cellular network communication or the D2D communication.

Example 2 includes the patent subject matter of Example 1, including or omitting any elements, and further includes: a channel quality measurement component configured to generate measurements of the one or more network channels and the one or more D2D channels, and pass through The cellular network interface component provides the measurement via the one or more D2D channels to the group leader UE of the one or more additional UEs, or to the group leader UE via the one or more network channels or the eNB of the UE.

Example 3 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-2, including or omitting any elements, further comprising: a D2D handover component configured to control channel quality measurements from the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group report, and trigger a D2D group handover between a source evolved Node B (eNB) and a target eNB by processing or generating a D2D group handover, wherein the D2D group handover includes Handover operations of the cellular network communication and the D2D communication.

Example 4 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-3, including or omitting any element, wherein the D2D handover component is further configured to generate a group handover request in response to channel link quality of at least one of the following to initiate the D2D group handover: with the source eNB or the one or more network channels between the one or more additional UEs and the source eNB cannot meet the channel link quality threshold for a period of time, in response to the D2D A determination that the channel link quality of a predetermined portion of the one or more additional UEs in the group cannot meet the channel link quality threshold during the period of time, or in response to the determination of the one or more additional UEs in the D2D group The predetermined portion of the time period uses the target eNB's neighboring network to satisfy another determination that is greater than another channel link quality threshold with the channel link quality of the source eNB.

Example 5 includes the patent subject matter of any one of Examples 1-4, including or omitting any elements, wherein the cellular network interface component includes the same front-end module as the ProSe interface component, and is further configured to process data from a source eNB A communication command, the source eNB identifies individual UE handover or the D2D group handover to the target eNB, wherein the communication command includes radio resource configuration information corresponding to at least one of the following: via the cellular network interface element The one or more network channels or the one or more D2D channels via the ProSe interface component for allocating group communication to the communication of the resource pool of the D2D group.

Example 6 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-5, including or omitting any elements, wherein the cellular network interface component is further configured to handle the allocation of a group communication resource to the one or more of the D2D group additional UE's Different resource pools, and starting to use the different resource pools based on whether the different resource pools include unlicensed frequency bands or licensed frequency bands after the completion of the handover of the D2D group from the source eNB to the target eNB in response to the reception of the different resource pools A resource pool is used to communicatively couple the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group or one or more different UEs of different D2D groups.

Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, including or omitting any elements, wherein the cellular network interface component is further configured to process allocation of a group communication resource to a target eNB after time synchronization with the target eNB Different resource pools of the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group.

Example 8 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-7, including or omitting any element, wherein the ProSe interface component is further configured to process communication commands from a source eNB identifying the The UE of the D2D group or the D2D group used for the handover of the D2D group to the target eNB, and in response to the communication command, performs random access to obtain an uplink (UL) timing that enables UL synchronization with the target eNB advance (TA) value, or communicate through the one or more D2D channels to the UE of the D2D group to implement the random access, and further assist by communicating the UL TA value through the one or more D2D channels Other UEs in the D2D group acquire the UL synchronization.

Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, including or omitting any element, wherein the ProSe interface component is further configured to send a failure notification to the D2D group in response to an inability to complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB in response to at least one of the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group being unable to complete the D2D to the target eNB Group handover, terminate the D2D group handover or notify the source eNB of the target eNB or part of the D2D group handover, or respond to the inability to complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB, form a communication with the source eNB via one or more D2D channels The second D2D group of UEs coupled together.

Example 10 is an apparatus configured for use by an evolved Node B (eNB), comprising: a cellular network interface component configured to generate and process cellular network communications over one or more network channels to enable Cellular handover in a wireless network and enabling formation of the D2D group with the plurality of UEs via one or more D2D channels communicatively coupling a plurality of UEs to a device-to-device (D2D) group; and a ProSe interface A component, communicatively coupled to the cellular network interface component, configured to enable D2D communication over the one or more D2D channels between the D2D groups and to enable D2D group handover based on a set of predetermined criteria.

Example 11 includes the patent subject matter of Example 10, including or omitting any elements, further comprising: a channel quality measurement component, further configured to receive an aggregated measurement report from at least one UE of the plurality of UEs in the D2D group, and D2D A group handover request or an individual handover request for the cellular handover.

Example 12 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 10-11, including or omitting any element, wherein the set of predetermined criteria includes at least one of: a poor UE measurement of channel link quality value, the complex number from the D2D group A measurement of UEs, an average measurement value from measurements of the D2D group, or one or more measurement reports from a UE group leader of the plurality of UEs of the D2D group requesting handover of the D2D group.

Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-12, including or omit any element, further comprising: a D2D handover component configured to designate a UE group leader representing the plurality of UEs of the D2D group to aggregate measurements from the plurality of UEs of the D2D group, and signal one or pooling resources to other UEs of the D2D group to enable the D2D communication, or signaling the D2D communication to the D2D requesting individual handover via the cellular handover in response to no target eNB for the UE being detected group of UEs.

Example 14 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 10-13, including or omitting any elements, wherein the D2D handover component is further configured to complete any uplink (UL) level data transmission in a buffer, in the D2D releasing the UL connections with the plurality of UEs in the D2D group after group handover, and based on the measurement of the one or more D2D channels from the D2D group or from the current D2D channel within the coverage area of the target eNB The information of the target eNB determines whether the D2D group continues to use the current D2D channel or the new D2D channel of the one or more D2D channels.

Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-14, including or omitting any element, wherein the set of predetermined criteria includes at least one of the following: corresponding to the one or more associated with the plurality of UEs in the D2D group The link quality threshold of a network channel, the group threshold related to the link quality threshold, the neighbor cell quality threshold compared with the group threshold or the link quality threshold, or used for the One or more requests for the D2D group handover or the cellular handover by the UE of the D2D group.

Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-15, including or omitting any elements, further comprising: a handover command component configured to generate a group handover command and enable signaling of the group handover command to UEs of the D2D group group leader The leader or the plurality of UEs of the D2D group, wherein the group handover command includes at least one of the following: an indication of the D2D group handover to the target eNB, a radio resource configuration (RRC) related to the cellular network communication information, or other RRC information related to the D2D communication, wherein the other RRC information includes radio resource pools allocated to the D2D group to enable the D2D communication via the unlicensed frequency band or the licensed frequency band.

Example 17 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 10-16, including or omitting any element, wherein the handover command component is further configured to signal the radio resource pool to the UE group leader or the plurality of the D2D group a UE that enables the D2D communication after receiving the D2D group handover from a source eNB and time synchronizing with the plurality of UEs of the D2D group.

Example 18 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 10-17, including or omitting any element, wherein the handover command component is further configured to respond to completion of the cellular handover for UEs of the D2D group or the D2D group handover Handover, the group handover completion command is generated to the network transmission path.

Example 19 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 10-18, including or omitting any element, wherein the cellular network interface component is further configured to enable the cellular using the first set of one or more UEs of the D2D group handover while maintaining a second group of one or more UEs serving the D2D group, and wherein the D2D group uses resources of the target eNB for the D2D communication.

Example 20 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-19, including or omitting any element, wherein the cellular network interface component is further configured to respond to one or more of the plurality of UEs unavailable to the D2D group Complete the D2D group handover communication failure notification or partial handover notification; wherein the cellular The network interface component is further configured to terminate the D2D group handover in response to at least one UE of the D2D group being unable to complete the D2D group handover, or in response to the inability of a UE using the D2D group to complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB, forming a second D2D group with UEs communicatively coupled together via the one or more D2D channels and the source eNB, and configuring the second D2D group for use with another eNB serving as the source eNB or the target eNB common resources.

Example 21 is a computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, upon execution, cause a processor of a user equipment (UE) to perform operations, the operations comprising: processing cellular network communications over a network channel , so that the D2D group can be formed with UEs via one or more D2D channels communicatively coupling the UEs of the device-to-device (D2D) group; and controlling D2D communication between the D2D groups on the one or more D2D channels , and control D2D group handover based on one of: the cellular network communication or the D2D communication.

Example 22 includes the subject matter of Example 21, including or omitting any elements, wherein the operations further comprise: generating measurements of the network channel and the one or more D2D channels, and providing the measurements via the one or more D2D channels measuring to the UE group leader of the UE of the D2D group, or providing the measurement including other measurements from the D2D group to an eNB as the UE group leader via the network channel; and processing or generating D2D group handover trigger, wherein the D2D group handover includes handover operations for the cellular network communication of the D2D group and the D2D communication, wherein channel link quality processing or generation of the D2D group handover is reflected in at least one of the following trigger: has The source eNB or the network channel between the UE and the source eNB cannot meet the channel link quality threshold for a period of time, reflecting that the channel link quality of a predetermined part of the UEs used for the D2D group is within The determination that the link quality threshold of the channel cannot be met during the period of time, or the predetermined portion of the UEs in the D2D group using the adjacent network of the target eNB to satisfy the channel greater than that of the source eNB during the period of time Another determination of link quality for another channel link quality.

Example 23 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 21-22, including or omitting any elements, wherein the operations further comprise one or more of: processing a handover communication command from a source eNB identifying an individual UE handover or a handover of the D2D group to a target eNB, wherein the handover communication command includes radio resource configuration (RRC) information corresponding to at least one of the following: the communication for allocating group communication to the resource pool of the D2D group The network channel or the one or more D2D channels; handle the allocation of a group of communication resources to the different resource pools of the UE of the D2D group, and respond to the reception of the different resource pools, or complete the D2D group from the After handover from the source eNB to the target eNB, using the different resource pool to communicatively couple the UE of the D2D group or one or more of a different D2D group based on whether the different resource pool includes an unlicensed band or a licensed band different UE; or perform random access to obtain an uplink (UL) timing advance (TA) value enabling UL synchronization with the target eNB, and communicate the UL TA value via the one or more D2D channels Other UEs starting the D2D group acquire the UL synchronization.

Example 24 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 21-23, including Or omit any element, wherein the operation further includes one or more of the following: in response to the inability to hand over the D2D group to the target eNB, notification of the communication failure to the UE group leader of the D2D group; in response to the UE of the D2D group At least one of them cannot complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB, terminate the D2D group handover, or notify the target eNB or at least one of the source eNBs of part of the D2D group handover; in response to the inability to complete the D2D to the target eNB Group handover, forming a second D2D group of UEs communicatively coupled together via the one or more D2D channels and the source eNB; or reacting to the fact that the UEs in the D2D group cannot complete the D2D group handover, via the target eNB and The common resource between the source eNBs communicates with the UEs of the D2D group on the one or more D2D channels.

Example 25 is a computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, upon execution, cause a processor of an evolved Node B (eNB) to perform operations, the operations comprising: processing cellular network communications over a network channel , enabling cellular handover in a wireless network and enabling formation of the D2D group with the plurality of UEs via one or more D2D channels communicatively coupling device-to-device (D2D) group UEs; and controlling D2D communication on the one or more D2D channels between the D2D groups, and controlling D2D group handover based on a set of predetermined criteria.

Example 26 includes the patent subject matter of Example 25, including or omitting any elements, wherein the operations further comprise: receiving an aggregated measurement report from at least one of the plurality of UEs in the D2D group, and a D2D group handover request or individual handover request, wherein the set of predetermined criteria includes at least one of the following: poor UE measurement of the channel link quality value from the D2D group, from the A measurement of the plurality of UEs of the D2D group, an average measurement value of measurements from the D2D group, one or more measurements from a UE group leader of the plurality of UEs of the D2D group requesting handover of the D2D group test report, link quality thresholds corresponding to the one or more network channels related to the plurality of UEs in the D2D group, group thresholds related to the link quality thresholds, group thresholds related to the group thresholds or the neighbor cell quality threshold compared to the link quality threshold, or one or more requests for the D2D group handover or the cellular handover for the UE of the D2D group.

Example 27 includes the patent subject matter of any one of Examples 25-26, including or omitting any elements, wherein the operation further comprises: designating a UE group leader representing the D2D group communication to aggregate information from the plurality of UEs from the D2D group Measuring, signaling one or more resource pools to other UEs in the D2D group to enable the D2D communication, or responding to the inability to implement the cellular handover for the UE in the D2D group, signaling the D2D communication to the UE via the cell The UEs of the D2D group that request individual handover in the form of handover.

Example 28 includes the patent subject matter of any one of Examples 25-27, including or omitting any elements, wherein the operation further includes: completing one or more uplink (UL) level data transmissions in the buffer, performing the D2D group exchange subsequently releasing the UL connections with the plurality of UEs in the D2D group, and based on measurements of the one or more D2D channels from the D2D group or from the current D2D channels related to the coverage area of the target eNB The information of the target eNB determines whether the D2D group continues to use the current D2D channel or the new D2D channel of the one or more D2D channels.

Example 29 includes the patent subject matter of any of Examples 25-28, including or omit any element, wherein the operation further comprises: generating a group handover command and enabling signaling of the group handover command to the UE group leader of the D2D group or the plurality of UEs of the D2D group, wherein the group handover command includes at least the following One: the indication of the D2D group handover to the target eNB, the radio resource configuration (RRC) information related to the cellular network communication, or other RRC information related to the D2D communication, wherein the other RRC information includes the information allocated to The radio resource pool of the D2D group enables the D2D communication via unlicensed band or licensed band.

Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 25-29, including or omitting any elements, wherein the operation further includes one or more of: responding to one or more of the plurality of UEs unable to use the D2D group, The target eNB or the source eNB completes the D2D group handover communication failure notification or partial handover notification; responding to at least one UE in the D2D group being unable to complete the D2D group handover, terminating the D2D group handover; or responding to the inability to use the D2D group The UE completes the D2D group handover to the target eNB to form a second D2D group with one or more UEs communicatively coupled together via the one or more D2D channels and the source eNB, wherein the second D2D group to use resources common to another eNB that is the source eNB or the target eNB.

Example 31 is an apparatus configured to be employed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: configured to handle cellular communication over a network channel enabling device-to-device via communicatively coupled (D2D ) a mechanism for processing one or more D2D channels of UEs of the UE to form the D2D group; and for controlling the one or more D2D channels between the D2D groups D2D communication, and the mechanism controlling D2D group handover based on one of: the cellular network communication or the D2D communication.

Example 32 includes the subject matter of Example 31, including or omitting any elements, further comprising: generating measurements for the network channel and the one or more D2D channels, and providing the measurements via the one or more D2D channels to the UE group leader of the UE of the D2D group, or to provide the measurements including other measurements from the D2D group via the network channel to the eNB as the UE group leader; and processing or A mechanism for generating a D2D group handover trigger, wherein the D2D group handover includes a handover operation for the cellular communication of the D2D group and the D2D communication, wherein channel link quality processing in response to at least one of the following or generation of the D2D group handover trigger: having the source eNB or the network channel between the UE and the source eNB unable to meet the channel link quality threshold for a period of time, reflected in a predetermined portion of the UEs used for the D2D group The channel link quality cannot meet the channel link quality threshold during the period of time, or the predetermined portion of the UEs in the D2D group that use the neighboring network of the target eNB satisfies a condition greater than that of the target eNB during the period Another determination of the channel link quality of the channel link quality of the source eNB.

Example 33 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 31-32, including or omitting any elements, wherein the mechanism for administering processing is further configured to perform one or more of the following: processing handover communication commands from a source eNB, the source An eNB identifies an individual UE handover or a handover of the D2D group to a target eNB, wherein the handover communication command includes radio resource configuration (RRC) information corresponding to at least one of the following: for allocating group communication to the D2D group of The network channel or the one or more D2D channels for the communication of resource pools; process the allocation of a group of communication resources to the different resource pools of the UE of the D2D group, and respond to the reception of the different resource pools, or upon completion After handover of the D2D group from the source eNB to the target eNB, using the different resource pool to communicatively couple the UE of the D2D group or a different D2D group based on whether the different resource pool includes an unlicensed frequency band or a licensed frequency band or perform random access to obtain an uplink (UL) timing advance (TA) value that enables UL synchronization with the target eNB, and communicate via the one or more D2D channels The other UEs in the D2D group start to acquire the UL synchronization based on the UL TA value.

Example 34 includes the patent subject matter of any one of Examples 31-33, including or omitting any elements, and further including one or more of the following: for responding that the D2D group cannot be handed over to the target eNB, and the communication failure notification is sent to the D2D group The organization of the UE group leader; for responding that at least one of the UEs in the D2D group cannot complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB, terminate the D2D group handover, or notify the target eNB or part of the D2D group handover A mechanism for at least one of the source eNBs; for responding to the inability to complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB, forming a second UE communicatively coupled to the source eNB via the one or more D2D channels The organization of the D2D group; or for responding that the UE of the D2D group cannot complete the handover of the D2D group, and communicate with the UE of the D2D group on the one or more D2D channels through the common resource between the target eNB and the source eNB Communication agency.

Instance 35 is a configuration to be used in an evolved Node B (eNB) A device comprising: one or more of a plurality of UEs for handling cellular network communication over a network channel to enable cellular handover in a wireless network and via communicatively coupling device to device (D2D) groups A D2D channel enables the formation of the D2D group with the plurality of UEs; and a mechanism for controlling D2D communication on the one or more D2D channels between the D2D groups, and controlling D2D group exchanges based on a set of predetermined criteria delivery agency.

Example 36 includes the patent subject matter of Example 35, including or omitting any elements, further comprising: receiving an aggregated measurement report from at least one UE of the plurality of UEs in the D2D group, and a D2D group handover request or an individual handover request , wherein the set of predetermined criteria includes at least one of the following: poor UE measurement of the channel link quality value from the D2D group, measurement from the plurality of UEs of the D2D group, measurement from the D2D group one or more measurement reports from the UE group leader of the plurality of UEs in the D2D group requesting the D2D group handover, corresponding to the plurality of UEs in the D2D group a link quality threshold for one or more network channels, a group threshold related to the link quality threshold, a neighbor cell quality threshold compared to the group threshold or the link quality threshold, or One or more requests for the D2D group handover or the cellular handover for the UE of the D2D group.

Example 37 includes the patent subject matter of any one of Examples 35-36, including or omitting any elements, further comprising: designating a UE group leader representing the communication of the D2D group to aggregate the quantity of the plurality of UEs from the D2D group To test, signal one or more resource pools to other UEs of the D2D group to enable the D2D communication, or to respond that the resource pool cannot be implemented for the UE of the D2D group Cellular handover, a mechanism that forwards the D2D communication to UEs of the D2D group requesting individual handovers via the cellular handover.

Example 38 includes the patent subject matter of any one of Examples 35-37, including or omitting any elements, further comprising: for performing one or more uplink (UL) level data transmissions in the buffer, handover in the D2D group and then releasing the UL connections with the plurality of UEs in the D2D group, and based on measurements of the one or more D2D channels from the D2D group or from the target related to the current D2D channel within the coverage area of the target eNB The information of the eNB is used to determine whether the D2D group continues to use the current D2D channel or the new D2D channel of the one or more D2D channels.

Example 39 includes the patent subject matter of any one of Examples 35-38, including or omitting any elements, further comprising: for generating a group handover command and enabling signaling of the group handover command to the UE group leader of the D2D group or the D2D The organization of the plurality of UEs of the group, wherein the group handover command includes at least one of the following: an indication of the D2D group handover to the target eNB, radio resource configuration (RRC) information related to cellular network communication, or information related to Other RRC information related to the D2D communication, wherein the other RRC information includes radio resource pools allocated to the D2D group to enable the D2D communication via unlicensed frequency band or licensed frequency band.

Example 40 includes the patent subject matter of any one of Examples 35-38, including or omitting any elements, further comprising: implementing in response to one or more of the plurality of UEs unable to use the D2D group, the target eNB or the source eNB The mechanism of the D2D group handover failure notification or partial handover notification; for responding that at least one UE of the D2D group cannot complete the D2D group Handover, terminating the D2D group handover; or in response to the UE being unable to use the D2D group to complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB, so as to be communicatively coupled with the source eNB via the one or more D2D channels A mechanism for one or more UEs to form a second D2D group, wherein the second D2D group is configured to use resources common to another eNB that is the source eNB or the target eNB.

Example 41 is an apparatus configured to be employed by a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a processor configured to: generate and process cellular network communications over one or more network channels, such that enabling cellular handover in a wireless network and enabling formation of the D2D group with one or more additional UEs via one or more D2D channels communicatively coupling a device-to-device (D2D) group; and in the D2D D2D communication is generated and processed on the one or more D2D channels between groups, and D2D group handover is enabled based on at least one of: cellular network communication or the D2D communication.

Example 42 is an apparatus configured for use by an evolved Node B (eNB), comprising: a processor configured to: generate and process cellular network communications over one or more network channels to enable wireless network in-road cellular handover and enabling formation of the D2D group with the plurality of UEs via one or more D2D channels communicatively coupling device-to-device (D2D) group UEs; and enabling the D2D D2D communication between groups on the one or more D2D channels and enabling D2D group handover based on a set of predetermined criteria.

Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-20, including or omitting any element, wherein the ProSe interface component includes a PC5 interface.

Example 44 includes the patent subject matter of any of Examples 1-20, including or Omit any elements where the D2D communication takes place on a band channel.

Example 45 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-20, including or omitting any elements, wherein the cellular interface configuration includes an LTE-Uu interface.

It is to be understood that aspects described herein can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, the functions can be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium (eg, memory or other storage device as described herein). Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage medium or computer readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, or be used for carrying or transmitting Other entities and/or non-transitory media that expect information or executable instructions. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the Software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technology, such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then Include coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave in the definition of media. As used herein, disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disc, and Blu-ray disc, wherein disc ) usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs (disc) use lasers to optically recycled data. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

Various illustrative logics, logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-effect programmable gate An array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein may be implemented or implemented. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but, in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, eg, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Additionally, at least one processor can comprise one or more modules operable to perform one or more of the actions described herein.

For software implementation, the techniques described herein can be implemented using modules (eg, procedures, functions, and so on) that implement the functions described herein. The software code can be stored in the memory unit and executed by the processor. The memory unit can be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case the memory unit can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various mechanisms known in the art. Additionally, at least one processor can include one or more modules operable to perform the functions described herein.

The techniques described herein can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and others. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. CDMA system can implement such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), CDMA 1800, etc. radio technology. UTRA includes Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variations of CDMA. In addition, CDMA1800 covers IS-1800, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. A TDMA system can implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). OFDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.18, Flash-OFDW, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a version of UMTS that uses E-UTRA, which employs OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, and GSM are described in documents from an organization known as the "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). Additionally, CDMA 1800 and UMB are described in documents from an organization known as "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). In addition, such wireless communication systems can additionally include peer-to-peer (e.g., mobile-to-mobile) peer-to-peer networking systems often using unpaired unlicensed spectrum, 802.xx wireless LAN, Bluetooth, and any other short- or long-range wireless communication technology .

Single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDMA) using single carrier modulation and frequency domain equalization is a technique that can be used with the disclosed aspects. SC-FDMA has similar performance and substantially similar overall complexity as OFDMA systems. Because of the inherent single carrier structure of the SC-FDMA signal, it has a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). SC-FDMA can be used in uplink communication, where lower PAPR can benefit mobile terminals in terms of transmission power efficiency.

Furthermore, various aspects or characteristics described herein can be implemented as a method, device, or article of manufacture using standard procedures and/or engineering techniques. As used herein, the term "article of manufacture" is intended to cover a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. For example, computer-readable media can include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, etc.), optical disks (e.g., compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), etc.), Smart cards, and flash memory devices (eg, EPROMs, cards, sticks, key drives, etc.). Additionally, various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and/or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" can include without limitation wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and/or carrying instructions (etc.) and/or data. Additionally, a computer program product can include a computer-readable medium having instructions or code operable to cause a computer to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

A communication medium that embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal, such as a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information Pass or transport media. The term "modulated data signal" or signal refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristic sets or changes in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media.

In addition, the actions of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be directly implemented in hardware, in software executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. Software modules can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, scratchpad, hard disk, removable hard disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium can be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium can be integrated into the processor. Additionally, in some aspects, the processor and storage medium can reside in the ASIC. In addition, the ASIC can exist in the user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the user terminal. Additionally, in some aspects, the acts of the method or algorithm can reside on a machine-readable medium and/or a computer-readable medium as one or any combination of code and/or an instruction set, which can be incorporated into a computer program product middle.

The above description of illustrated embodiments of the disclosed invention, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples have been described herein for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications may be considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples.

In this regard, while the disclosed subject matter has been described in connection with various embodiments and corresponding drawings, it is to be understood, where applicable, that other similar embodiments can be used or modifications and additions can be made to enable the described embodiments to be used in Implement the same, similar, substituted, or replaced functions as disclosed patent subject matter without departing from it. Accordingly, disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in light of the claims appended hereto.

With particular regard to the various functions performed by the above-described components (assemblies, devices, circuits, systems, etc.), even if there is no structural equivalent to the disclosed structures for performing that function in exemplary implementations of the disclosed invention described herein, unless It is further indicated that such terms (including references to "mechanism") used to describe such components are intended to correspond to any component or structure (ie, functionally equivalent) that performs the specified function of the described component. Furthermore, while a particular characteristic has been described with respect to only one of several implementations, such characteristic may be desirably and advantageously combined with one or more other characteristics of other implementations for any given or particular application.

400‧‧‧processing flow

Claims (30)

A user equipment (UE) comprising: a memory; and one or more processors configured to: generate and process cellular network communications over one or more network channels to enable a A cellular handover in a wireless network and enabling a D2D group with one or more additional UEs and the UE with one or more D2D channels via communicatively coupling device-to-device (D2D) groups forming; and generating and processing D2D communications on the one or more D2D channels between the D2D groups and enabling a D2D group handover based on the D2D communications; from the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group receiving measurements of the network channel and the one or more D2D channels; and responding to a predetermined number of the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group based on the measurements received from the one or more additional UEs If a channel link quality threshold is satisfied, a D2D group handover trigger is generated, and the D2D group handover trigger triggers a D2D group handover of one of the D2D groups. Such as the UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: generate the measurements of the one or more network channels and the one or more D2D channels, and use the isometry provided via the one or more D2D channels to a group leader UE of the one or more additional UEs, or via the one or more network channels to a source eNodeB serving as the group leader UE (eNB). The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: control channel quality measurement reports from the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group, and process or generate The D2D group handover trigger enables the D2D group handover between an eNB and a target eNB, wherein the D2D group handover includes a handover operation of the cellular network communication and the D2D communication. The UE of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: generate a group handover request to initiate the D2D group handover in response to a channel link quality of at least one of the following: A source eNB or the one or more network channels between the one or more additional UEs and the source eNB cannot meet a channel link quality threshold for a period of time, reflected in the A determination that the channel link quality of a predetermined portion of one or more additional UEs cannot meet the channel link quality threshold for the period of time, or in response to the channel link quality of the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group A predetermined portion of the time period uses a neighboring network of the target eNB satisfying another determination that is greater than another channel link quality threshold with the channel link quality of the source eNB. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: process a communication command from a source eNB identifying an individual UE handover or the D2D group to a target The handover of the eNB, wherein the communication command includes a radio resource configuration information corresponding to at least one of the following Communication: the one or more network channels or the one or more D2D channels used for allocating group communication to a resource pool of the D2D group. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: process allocation of a group communication resource to a different resource pool of the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group, and in response to a reception of the different resource pool, or upon completion of the D2D group handover from a source eNB to a target eNB, based on whether the different resource pool contains an unlicensed frequency band or a licensed frequency band, start using the different resource pool A resource pool is used to communicatively couple the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group or one or more different UEs of a different D2D group. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: process allocation of a group communication resource to the one of the D2D group after time synchronization with a target eNB or a different resource pool for additional UEs. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: process a communication command from a source eNB identifying the D2D group for an individual UE handover A UE or the D2D group for handover of the D2D group to a target eNB, and in response to the communication command, performs a random access to obtain an uplink (UL) synchronization enabling with the target eNB UL Timing Advance (TA) value, or communicated via the one or more D2D channels to the UE of the D2D group to implement the random access, and by signaling the UL TA value via the one or more D2D channels further assisting other UEs in the D2D group to obtain the UL synchronization. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: in response to inability to complete the D2D group handover to a target eNB, send a failure notification to a group of UEs of the D2D group a leader, in response to at least one of the one or more additional UEs of the D2D group being unable to complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB, terminating the D2D group handover or notifying the target eNB or a part of the D2D group handover The source eNB, or in response to inability to complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB, forms a second D2D group of UEs communicatively coupled together via the one or more D2D channels and the source eNB. An evolved Node B (eNB) comprising: a memory; and one or more processors configured to: generate and process cellular network communications over one or more network channels to enable a A cellular handover in a wireless network and enabling a D2D group with the plurality of UEs via one or more D2D channels communicatively coupling device-to-device (D2D) groups of the plurality of UEs forming; and enabling D2D communication on the one or more D2D channels between the D2D group and enabling a D2D group handover based on a predetermined set of criteria including the plurality of UEs in the D2D group A predetermined number satisfies a link quality threshold based on measurements received from a UE group leader for the plurality of UEs of the D2D group. If the eNB of item 10 of the patent scope is applied for, the one or more The processor is further configured to: receive an aggregated measurement report and a D2D group handover request or an individual handover request for the cellular handover from at least one UE of the plurality of UEs in the D2D group. The eNB of claim 10, wherein the set of predetermined criteria includes at least one of the following: a poor UE measurement of a channel link quality value, measurements from the plurality of UEs of the D2D group, measurements from the D2D An average measurement value of the measurements of the group, or one or more measurement reports from the UE group leader of the plurality of UEs of the D2D group requesting the D2D group handover. The eNB of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: designate the UE group leader representing the plurality of UEs of the D2D group to aggregate the plurality of UEs from the D2D group UE measurements, and signaling one or more resource pools to other UEs in the D2D group to enable the D2D communications, or in response to not detecting a target eNB suitable for the UE, signaling the D2D communications to via The cellular handover requests a UE of the D2D group for an individual handover. The eNB of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: complete any uplink (UL) level data transmission in a buffer, release and communicate with the D2D group handover after the D2D group handover A UL connection of the plurality of UEs in the D2D group based on the measurement of the one or more D2D channels from the D2D group or from the current D2D channel within a coverage area with the target eNB information about the target eNB to determine whether the D2D group continues to use a current D2D channel or a new D2D channel of the one or more D2D channels. The eNB of claim 10, wherein the set of predetermined criteria includes at least one of the following: the link quality threshold corresponding to the one or more network channels related to the plurality of UEs in the D2D group , a group threshold related to the link quality threshold, a neighboring cell quality threshold compared with the group threshold or the link quality threshold, or the D2D group handover for a UE of the D2D group handover or one or more requests for the cellular handover. The eNB of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: generate a group of handover commands and enable signaling of the group of handover commands to the UE group leader of the D2D group or the D2D the plurality of UEs of the group, wherein the group handover command includes at least one of the following: an indication of the D2D group handover to a target eNB, a radio resource configuration (RRC) information related to the cellular network communication, or other RRC information related to the D2D communications, wherein the other RRC information includes a radio resource pool allocated to the D2D group to enable the D2D communications via an unlicensed frequency band or a licensed frequency band. The eNB of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: signal the radio resource pool to the UE group leader or the plurality of UEs of the D2D group, which are transmitted from a The source eNB receives the D2D group handover and The D2D communications are enabled after time synchronization with the plurality of UEs of the D2D group. The eNB of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: responsive to completion of the cellular handover for a UE of the D2D group or the D2D group handover, a group of handovers Completion commands are generated to a network transmission path. The eNB of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: enable the cellular handover using a first set of one or more UEs of the D2D group while maintaining service to the A second group of one or more UEs of the D2D group, wherein the D2D group uses resources of the target eNB for the D2D communications. The eNB of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: signal a failure in response to one or more of the plurality of UEs unable to use the D2D group completing the D2D group handover notification or partial handover notification; in response to at least one UE of the D2D group being unable to complete the D2D group handover, terminating the D2D group handover, or in response to being unable to use one of the D2D group UEs to complete the D2D group handover to a target eNB , forming a second D2D group with UEs communicatively coupled together via the one or more D2D channels and a source eNB, and the second D2D group is configured to use A common resource of another eNB. A computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions, responsive to When executed, the instructions cause a processor of a user equipment (UE) to perform operations including: processing a cellular network communication over a network channel to communicatively couple a device-to-device (D2D enabling the formation of one or more D2D channels of the UE of the D2D group, the D2D group including the UE and at least one other UE; and controlling one on the one or more D2D channels between the D2D groups D2D communication, and controlling a D2D group handover based on one of: the cellular network communication or the D2D communication; receiving other measurements of the network channel and the one or more D2D channels from the UEs of the D2D group and in response to a predetermined number of the UEs of the D2D group satisfying a channel link quality threshold based on the other measurements received from the UEs of the D2D group, generating a D2D group handover trigger to trigger the D2D group handover, one of the D2D groups. Such as the computer-readable storage medium of claim 21 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the operation further includes: generating measurements of the network channel and the one or more D2D channels, and providing the same quantities through the one or more D2D channels measuring to a UE group leader of the UEs of the D2D group, or providing the measurements further comprising the other measurements from the D2D group to a UE group leader via the network channel eNB; and processing or generating the D2D group handover trigger, wherein the D2D group handover includes cellular network communications for the D2D group and the D2D communications a handover operation, wherein the D2D group handover trigger is processed or generated in response to the channel link quality of at least one of: having a source eNB or the network between the UEs of the D2D group and the source eNB The channel fails to meet a channel link quality threshold for a period of time, or responds that the predetermined portion of the UEs in the D2D group use a neighboring network of the target eNB during the period of time to meet a requirement greater than that of the source eNB. Another determination of channel link quality for another channel link quality. Such as the computer-readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the operations further include one or more of the following: processing a handover communication command from a source eNB that identifies an individual UE handover or to a The D2D group handover of the target eNB, wherein the handover communication command includes a radio resource configuration (RRC) information corresponding to at least one of: the network for allocating group communication to communication of a resource pool of the D2D group channel or the one or more D2D channels; process the allocation of a group of communication resources to a different resource pool of the UEs of the D2D group, and respond to the reception of the different resource pool, or upon completion from the source eNB After the D2D group handover to the target eNB, using the different resource pool to communicatively couple the UEs of the D2D group or of a different D2D group based on whether the different resource pool includes an unlicensed frequency band or a licensed frequency band one or more different UEs; or perform a random access to obtain a UL Timing Advance (TA) value that enables an uplink (UL) synchronization with the target eNB, and borrow via the one or more D2D channels The UL synchronization is acquired by other UEs that initiate the D2D group by signaling the UL TA value. For example, the computer-readable storage medium of claim 21 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the operations further include one or more of the following: in response to failing to deliver the D2D group to a target eNB, sending a failure notification to a UE of the D2D group Group leader; in response to at least one of the UEs of the D2D group being unable to complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB, terminating the D2D group handover, or notifying the target eNB or a source eNB of a part of the D2D group handover at least one of: forming a second D2D group of UEs communicatively coupled together via the one or more D2D channels and the source eNB in response to inability to complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB; or in response to the The UEs in the D2D group cannot complete the D2D group handover, and communicate with the UEs in the D2D group on the one or more D2D channels through the common resources between the target eNB and the source eNB. A computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions, responsive to execution, the instructions causing a processor of an evolved Node B (eNB) to perform operations, the operations including: processing a cellular network over a network channel communication channel to enable a cellular handover in a wireless network, and to enable communication with a plurality of UEs of a device-to-device (D2D) group via one or more D2D channels communicatively coupling the plurality of UEs a formation of the D2D group; and controlling D2D communication on the one or more D2D channels between the D2D groups, and controlling a D2D group handover based on a set of predetermined criteria, the set of predetermined criteria including based on information received from a UE measurement to satisfy a link quality pro The UE is a group leader of the D2D group, and the link quality threshold is associated with a predetermined number of UEs in the D2D group. For example, the computer-readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein the operations further include: receiving an aggregation measurement report from at least one UE of the plurality of UEs in the D2D group, and a D2D group handover request or a D2D group handover request or a Individual handover requests, wherein the set of predetermined criteria includes at least one of the following: a poor UE measurement of a channel link quality value from the D2D group, the measurements from the plurality of UEs of the D2D group, from an average measurement value of the measurements of the D2D group, one or more measurement reports from the UE group leader of the plurality of UEs of the D2D group requesting handover of the D2D group, and the link quality Threshold related to a group threshold, a neighboring cell quality threshold compared to the group threshold or the link quality threshold, or the D2D group handover or the cellular handover for a UE of the D2D group One or more requests delivered. Such as the computer-readable storage medium of claim 25 of the patent scope, wherein the operations further include: appointing a UE group leader representing the D2D group to aggregate the measurements of the plurality of UEs from the D2D group, and signaling a or multiple resource pools to other UEs of the D2D group to enable the D2D communication, or to respond to the inability to implement the cellular handover for the UE of the D2D group, to signal the D2D communication to via the cellular handover request A UE of the D2D group for an individual handover. For the computer-readable storage medium in claim 25 of the patent scope, such operations further include: completing one or more uplink (UL) plane data transmissions in a buffer, releasing a UL connection with the plurality of UEs in the D2D group after the D2D group handover, and based on the measurement of one or more D2D channels or information from a target eNB related to the current D2D channel within a coverage area of a target eNB, to determine whether the D2D group continues to use a current of the one or more D2D channels D2D channel or a new D2D channel. Such as the computer-readable storage medium of claim 25 of the patent scope, wherein the operations further include: generating a group of handover commands and enabling communication of the group handover commands to a UE group leader of the D2D group or the D2D group A plurality of UEs, wherein the group handover command includes at least one of the following: an indication of the D2D group handover to a target eNB, a radio resource configuration (RRC) information related to cellular network communication, or related to the Other RRC information related to D2D communication, wherein the other RRC information includes a radio resource pool allocated to the D2D group to enable the D2D communication via an unlicensed frequency band or a licensed frequency band. Such as the computer-readable storage medium of claim 25 of the patent application, wherein the operations further include one or more of the following: responding to one or more of the plurality of UEs that cannot use the D2D group, a target eNB or a source The eNB completes the D2D group handover signaling a failure notification or a part of the handover notification; in response to at least one UE in the D2D group being unable to complete the D2D group handover, terminating the D2D group handover; or In response to one UE being unable to use the D2D group to complete the D2D group handover to the target eNB, one or more UEs communicatively coupled together via the one or more D2D channels and the source eNB form a second A D2D group, wherein the second D2D group is configured to use resources common to another eNB that is the source eNB or the target eNB.

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