TWI775904B - 液晶透鏡 - Google Patents
液晶透鏡 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI775904B TWI775904B TW107125456A TW107125456A TWI775904B TW I775904 B TWI775904 B TW I775904B TW 107125456 A TW107125456 A TW 107125456A TW 107125456 A TW107125456 A TW 107125456A TW I775904 B TWI775904 B TW I775904B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/14—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain
- C09K19/18—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain the chain containing carbon-to-carbon triple bonds, e.g. tolans
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
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- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
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- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K19/2021—Compounds containing at least one asymmetric carbon atom
- C09K19/2028—Compounds containing at least one asymmetric carbon atom containing additionally a linking group other than -COO- or -OCO-, e.g. -CH2-CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C=C-; containing at least one additional carbon atom in the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups, e.g. -COO-CH*-CH3
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3048—Cyclohexane rings in which at least two rings are linked by a carbon chain containing carbon to carbon double bonds
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- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
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- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3059—Cyclohexane rings in which at least two rings are linked by a carbon chain containing carbon to carbon triple bonds
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- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/3068—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
- C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
- C09K19/3405—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a five-membered ring
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- C09K19/42—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40
- C09K19/44—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40 containing compounds with benzene rings directly linked
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- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- C09K19/0403—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems
- C09K2019/0407—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems containing a carbocyclic ring, e.g. dicyano-benzene, chlorofluoro-benzene or cyclohexanone
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- C09K19/0403—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems
- C09K2019/0411—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems containing a chlorofluoro-benzene, e.g. 2-chloro-3-fluoro-phenylene-1,4-diyl
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- C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
- C09K2019/0466—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the linking chain being a -CF2O- chain
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- C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
- C09K2019/122—Ph-Ph
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
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- C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
- C09K2019/123—Ph-Ph-Ph
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- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
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- C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
- C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
- C09K2019/124—Ph-Ph-Ph-Ph
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
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- C09K19/14—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain
- C09K19/18—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain the chain containing carbon-to-carbon triple bonds, e.g. tolans
- C09K2019/181—Ph-C≡C-Ph
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
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- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/14—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a carbon chain
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- C09K2019/183—Ph-Ph-C≡C-Ph
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
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- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K2019/2035—Ph-COO-Ph
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- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3004—Cy-Cy
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- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
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- C09K2019/301—Cy-Cy-Ph
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- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3015—Cy-Cy-Ph-Cy
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- C09K2019/3016—Cy-Ph-Ph
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Abstract
本發明係關於LC透鏡及用於該LC透鏡中之液晶介質,其中該介質包含一或多種式I及II中之各者之化合物
Description
本發明係關於液晶(LC)透鏡、用於液晶透鏡中之LC介質,且係關於包含根據本發明之LC透鏡之裝置。
相比機械變焦透鏡,電可調諧液晶透鏡潛在地提供尺寸及成本之重要優勢。可能應用於攝影機中、感測器、雙目鏡及其他光電裝置中。該等優勢係基於液晶透鏡之特性,諸如小體積(亦即,薄形)、電可調諧光學變焦、快速回應及低能量消耗。
大體而言,攝影機、行動電話攝影機或3D影像處理裝置經安置有變焦透鏡以用於放大或最小化影像。習知物鏡包括複數個透鏡群組。藉由使透鏡群組沿光軸移動,改變透鏡群組之間的距離以改變焦距。此類透鏡需要更長距離以使透鏡群組移動,其中待變化之距離關係為非線性的。因此,此類結構具有設計、控制精確度難度,且製造成本亦較高。
液晶(LC)應用於電可調諧變焦透鏡係已知的且描述於例如S.Sato 1979 Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.18,1679;S.Sato,Optical Review,第6卷,第6期(1999)471-485中。
液晶透鏡包括液晶介質及透鏡裝置。液晶介質之雙折射率及黏度直接影響透鏡之焦距及電光調諧速度。用於顯示器之習知液晶介質
的雙折射率一般低於0.2。雙折射率大於0.2之液晶介質應用於滿足此類透鏡之光學需求。
可例如利用在覆蓋有ITO之凹面或凸面玻璃透鏡之頂部上的透鏡狀LC層實現LC透鏡,且可藉由施加電場使焦距自異常光線值至普通光線值不斷變化。具有變焦特性之LC透鏡亦可使用平面平行結構實現,其中LC引向器藉由孔圖案化電極結構產生之軸向對稱非均一電場再定向。在US 9,746,745 B1中,提出用於相同目的之經構造電極,其由複數個用於控制用液晶材料之雙折射分佈之同心環電極組成。
本發明之另一態樣為LC顯示器(LCD)。各種類新購置LCD係熟知的且可在市場中廣泛使用。對顯示影像從而為觀察者提供自然觀看體驗的需要近來已導致引入能夠為電視機及桌上型及膝上型電腦之監測器以及為手持式裝置(諸如行動電話、平板電腦及攜帶型銷售點顯示器)顯示三維(3D)影像的顯示器。
存在若干種在此類顯示器中顯現3D效果之技術。可進行第一分類以區分均要求觀察者穿戴特殊眼鏡來觀察該效果之各種技術與使用裸眼式立體顯示原理之其他技術。後者不需要觀察者穿戴眼鏡,無論為主動抑或被動型眼鏡。
對於一些觀察者,穿戴眼鏡之要求相當不適宜,尤其對已穿戴光學(眼科)眼鏡之觀測者而言。
需要眼鏡之3D顯現技術之另一缺陷在於:沒有眼鏡則根本不可能進行觀察,且因此,可同時正確查看顯示器之觀察者之最大數目由每次可用之眼鏡的數目限制。此外,眼鏡表面易受劣化影響。此外,就主
動眼鏡而言,其要求作為快門或偏振修改器之眼鏡的主動及經同步操作與面板顯示影像在時間上相匹配,需要不斷向眼鏡提供同步化信號。此外,有必要對其電池頻繁再充電,除非經由「連線」觀察者提供能量供應,其可甚至更不舒服。歸因於要求觀察者穿配特殊眼鏡的各種類型之3D技術之此等缺點,當前存在對能夠顯現3D影像而無需使用眼鏡之顯示器的高需求。
此類「無眼鏡」3D技術被稱作裸眼式立體顯示器。目前,存在至少兩種不同類型之處於開發中之此類顯示器。第一類型係使用所謂的「視差障壁」以便區分由兩個獨立資訊頻道提供之由右眼查看之圖片與由左眼查看之圖片。該視差障壁係為每一隻眼睛阻擋針對另一隻眼產生之所顯示影像之光學路徑。
第二類型使用「雙凸透鏡」以達成分離兩個頻道之此效應。對於此第二類型,存在兩種不同的實際實現方式。
在第一種類型(在本文中被稱作「RM」)中,雙凸透鏡係藉由聚合定向反應性液晶原基或反應性液晶原基之混合物從而形成各向異性高分子液晶透鏡來實現。然而,此技術需要使用額外電光開關元件(例如液晶顯示器)以提供光學影像之資訊。此又引起設計複雜度增加及生產成本增加。
若RM透鏡用於將2D影像轉換為3D影像或將3D影像轉換為2D影像,則需要通常使用UV輻射將此等3D透鏡光學結合至切換偏振之面板的額外過程以連接3D透鏡。因此,LC介質之UV穩定性在許多應用中極其重要。切換偏振之面板連同經結合RM透鏡通常直接連接至影像生成面板,其較佳為LCD。
在第二類型(在本文中被稱作「LC透鏡」)中,雙凸透鏡係使用液晶介質產生,該液晶介質經電定址及用以更改其光學狀態及直接顯示兩個查看頻道所需之光學資訊。此類LC透鏡通常直接結合至影像生成面板。
△n為可切換3D LC透鏡之LC混合物的關鍵參數,因為其主要影響3D影像之品質(深度)並判定所需單元間隙。隨著△n增加,其3D深度變得更深且所用單元間隙可較低。此類減小之單元間隙均有助於降低驅動電壓並改良對準功率,尤其對於一些幾十微米之相對高的單元間隙而言。大體而言,需要在0.15至0.4之範圍中之△n值,其視類型及應用而定。
同樣,亦對於「LC透鏡」類型而言,存在兩種可能的實施例。在第一種類型(在此被稱作「高分子模具」)中,液晶材料嵌入於聚合材料之模具中。可為光學各向同性或各向異性的此聚合材料通常位於一個基板上。聚合材料係以為呈待實現之雙凸透鏡之倒轉形狀之液晶材料提供空間的方式構造。通常,聚合材料形成倒式雙凸透鏡之凹槽。
在第二實施例中,利用被稱為「電致雙折射」(簡稱為EIB)之效應。此處,液晶材料包夾於一對基板之間,其中一個基板覆蓋有電極,該等電極可提供交流電壓,從而在裝置平面中,如同在「共平面切換型」(IPS)顯示器中或在邊緣場切換「FFS」中產生電場。
為了實際實現3D顯示器,必須參照驅動技術及製造工藝克服數種困難。特定言之,必須提供滿足苛刻規格的經改良液晶材料。此處,提出用於可切換3D LC透鏡的具有經改良效能之液晶介質。
在塑膠模具類型中,LC材料嵌入於模具中。對於此類型之
LC透鏡,需要相對較高之△n值,通常大致為0.2至0.4。此外,通常需要為9或更大,或較佳地甚至為40或更大的相對較高介電常數(△ε)值,以降低操作電壓,其由相對較大之厚度(分別為單元間隙)引起。此外,需要僅適度高之旋轉黏度(γ1)。
在EIB類型中,LC分子之定向由所施加電壓直接控制。因此,不需要極高△n值。通常,△n值應在0.15至0.25範圍內。此外,不需要較大單元間隙。因此,△ε之高達5的亦相當適度高的正值對於此類型之LC透鏡係足夠的。然而,需要低γ1值以便達成快速回應時間(τ),尤其對於具有多個視點之裝置而言。
本發明之另一態樣係提供適合於用於矽上液晶(LCoS)面板或LCoS空間光調變器(SLM)中之液晶介質。
如與通常應用UV輻射之製造過程中一樣,所用LC介質之UV穩定性在許多應用中極其重要。
對於此處設想之用途,迄今為止已知之LC組合物具有嚴重缺點。除其他缺陷以外,其中大多數不利地導致對光學回應之較小調節、緩慢回應或可定址能力不足、需要較高操作電壓,或尤其抗UV輻射之穩定性不足。
因此需要具有改良之特性的新穎液晶介質。特定言之,光學回應調節、回應時間、操作電壓及穩定性必須改良。
另外,需要改良液晶介質之低溫特性。操作特性以及存放期兩者中之改良在本文中為必要的。
因此,對用於相應實際應用之具有適合特性之液晶介質有相當大的需求。特定言之,本發明之目的係提供用於LC透鏡之具有適合
特性的新材料,從而利用經改良特性實現應用。
其中R11及R12 表示H、具有1至12個C原子之烷基或烷氧基、或具有2至12個C原子之烯基、烯基氧基或烷氧基烷基,其中一或多個CH2-基
團可由或置換,且其中一或多個H原子可由氟置換,L11、L12、L13 彼此獨立地表示H、Cl或F,表示
表示
或Z1 表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C2F4-、-CF=CF-、-CH=CHCH2O-,n 為0或1;及b)一或多種式II化合物
其中R2 具有以上R11之含義,X2 表示F、Cl、CF3、OCF3、CN或NCS,Z2 表示C=O或CF2,較佳C=O。
根據本發明之介質的特徵在於高澄清點、適度高的雙折射率、合適的介電各向異性、電壓保持率相對於溫度及UV負載之高穩定性。
歸因於高澄清溫度,根據本發明之介質尤其適合於行動應用。
根據本發明之介質的特徵在於出人意料高的非尋常折射率(ne),其使得可切換透鏡能夠尤其用於具有2D影像之經改良清晰度之2D/3D可切換顯示器。
此外,相比用於目前先進技術之3D應用之介質,根據本發明之介質之低介電各向異性出人意料地使得可切換透鏡陣列具有經減少串擾,同時保持足夠高的雙折射率。
本發明另外係關於上文及下文所描述之LC介質。
本發明另外係關於根據本發明之LC透鏡在各種應用中之用途,該等應用需要高雙折射率,例如TN顯示器、STN顯示器、PDLC顯示器、相位調變器、攝影機、行動電話攝影機、3D LCD快門眼鏡、3D顯示器、LC透鏡、全像投影系統、LCoS空間光調變器或用於可在微波範圍中操作之高頻技術的組件。
根據本發明之LC透鏡之較佳實施例的特徵在於其中所含之較佳LC介質,如下文所闡述。
其中所存在基團具有上文在式I下給出之各別含義,且在式I-1及I-2中,較佳地R11 為具有至多7個C原子之正烷基或烯基,最佳為具有1至5個C原子之正烷基,及
R12 為具有1至6個C原子之正烷氧基或烯基氧基,最佳為具有具有1至4個C原子之正烷氧基,且在式I-3中,較佳地R11 為具有至多7個C原子之正烷基或烯基,最佳為具有1至5個C原子之正烷基,及R12 為具有至多7個C原子之正烷基或烯基,最佳為具有至多5個C原子之正烷基。
其中出現的基團具有上文所給出之含義。
其中出現的基團具有上文所給出之各別含義。
其中出現的基團具有上文所給出之各別含義。
極佳地,介質包含一或多種式I-3d之化合物。
其中出現的基團具有上文在式I下給出之各別含義且較佳地在式IIZ中X2 表示CN、NCS或OCF3,最佳為CN且在式IIQ中,X2 表示F、Cl或OCF3,最佳為F,L24及L25 相同或不同地表示H或F。
根據本申請案之液晶原基介質包含一或多種式IIZ之化合物,其較佳選自式IIZ-1至IIZ-3之化合物之群,較佳為一或多種式IIZ-1之
化合物及一或多種選自式IIZ-2及IIZ-3之化合物之群的化合物,且在尤佳實施例中,一或多種式IIZ-1、IIZ-2及IIZ-3中之各者之化合物,
其中參數具有上文在式IIZ下所給出之含義,且較佳地R1 為正烷基或烯基,在式IIZ-1及IIZ-3中,最佳為正烷基,及在式IIZ-2中,最佳為烯基,X1 為CN、Cl或CF3,最佳為CN。
在較佳實施例中,根據本發明之液晶原基介質包含一或多種式II化合物,其較佳選自式IIQ-1至IIQ-3之化合物之群,較佳選自式IIQ-1及IIQ-2,且更佳為一或多種式IIQ-1及式IIQ-2中之各者之化合物,
其中參數具有上文在式IIQ下給出之各別含義且較佳地R2 為正烷基或烯基,最佳為正烷基,及X1 為F、Cl或CF3,最佳為F。
其中R31、R32、R41及R42彼此獨立地為烷基,其為直鏈或分支鏈,較佳具有1至20個C原子,未經取代,經F、Cl或CN,較佳經F單取代或多取代,且其中一或多個CH2基團在各情況下彼此獨立地視情況由-O-、-S-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCO-O-、-S-CO-、-CO-S-、-CH=CH-或-C≡C-
置換,其方式為使得O及/或S原子不會直接連接於彼此,較佳為正烷基或具有1至9個C原子,更佳具有2至5個C原子之正烷氧基;或烯基、烯基氧基或具有2至9個C原子,更佳具有2至5個C原子之烷氧基烷基;或鹵化烷基、鹵化烯基或具有較佳至多9個C原子之鹵化烷氧基,較佳為經單氟化、二氟化或寡氟化烷基、烯基或具有較佳至多9個C原子之烷氧基,最佳為正烷基、正烷氧基、烯基、烯基氧基或具有較佳至多9個C原子之烷氧基烷基,及彼此獨立地表示
或
Z31及Z32 在每次出現時相同或不同地表示-CH2CH2-、-CF2CF2-、-CF2CH2-、-COO-、反--CH=CH-、反--CF=CF-、-CH2O-、-CF2O-、-C≡C-或單鍵,較佳地,至少一者表示單鍵
p 為0、1或2。
其中出現的基團具有上文所給出之各別含義且較佳地Z31,Z32 相同或不同地表示-CH2O-、-C(O)O-或單鍵,R31 表示各自具有1至9個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烷氧基,或各自具有2至9個C原子之未經氟化之烯基、未經氟化之烯基氧基或未經氟化之烷氧基烷基,較佳為烷基,尤佳為具有1至5個C原子之正烷基,R32 表示H、各自具有1至5個、較佳1至3個、尤佳3個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烷氧基,p 為0或1,更佳地R31 表示CnH2n+1或CH2=CH-(CH2)Z及R32 表示CmH2m+1或O-CmH2m+1或(CH2)Z-CH=CH2,其中n及m,彼此獨立地表示在0至20範圍內、較佳在1至9且尤佳1至5範圍內之整數,及z 表示0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
特定言之,此處,(R31及R32)之較佳組合為(CnH2n+1及
CmH2m+1)及(CnH2n+1及O-CmH2m+1)。
其中出現的基團具有上文所給出之各別含義。
其中出現的基團具有上文所給出之各別含義且較佳地
R31 表示各自具有1至15個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烷氧基、或各自具有2至15個C原子之未經氟化之烯基、未經氟化之烯基氧基或未經氟化之烷氧基烷基,較佳為烷基,尤佳為正烷基,
R32 表示H、各自具有1至5個、較佳1至3個、尤佳3個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烷氧基,更佳地R31 表示CnH2n+1或CH2=CH-(CH2)Z,及R32 表示CmH2m+1或O-CmH2m+1或(CH2)Z-CH=CH2,其中n及m,彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7且尤佳1至5範圍內之整數,及z 表示0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
特定言之,此處(R31及R32)之較佳組合為(CnH2n+1及CmH2m+1)及(CnH2n+1及O-CmH2m+1)。
其中L3表示H或F,較佳為F,且R31及R32具有上文所給出之含義,且較佳地R31 表示各自具有1至15個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烷氧基、或各自具有2至15個C原子之未經氟化之烯基、未經氟化之烯基氧基或未經氟化之烷氧基烷基,較佳為烷基,尤佳為正烷基,R32 表示H、各自具有1至5個,較佳1至3個,尤其3個C原子之未經氟化烷基或未經氟化之烷氧基,更佳地R31 表示CnH2n+1或CH2=CH-(CH2)Z,及R32 表示CmH2m+1或O-CmH2m+1或(CH2)Z-CH=CH2,其中n及m,彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7且尤佳1至5範圍內之整數,及z 表示0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,液晶介質包含一或多種式IV化合物,較佳式IV化合物,其中R41 為正烷基或烯基,更佳正烷基,且最佳CnH2n+1,及R42 為烯基,更佳CH2=CH-[CH2-]Z、CH3-CH2=CH-[CH2-]Z、[-CH2]2-CH=CH2或
[-CH2]2-CH=C-CH3,其中n 為在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7且尤佳1至5之範圍內之整數,及z 為0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
其中
為或
較佳
R5 彼此獨立地為烷基,其為直鏈或分支鏈,較佳具有1至20個C原子,未經取代,經F、Cl或CN,較佳經F單取代或多取代,且其中一或多個CH2基團在各情況下彼此獨立地視情況由-O-、-S-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCO-O-、-S-CO-、-CO-S-、-CH=CH-或-C≡C-置換,其方式為使得O及/或S原子不會直接連接於彼此,較佳為正烷基或具有1至9個C原子,更佳具有2至5個C原子之正烷氧基;或烯基、烯基氧基或具有2至9個C原子,更佳具有2至5個C原子之烷氧基烷基;或鹵化烷基、鹵化烯基或具有較佳至多9個C原子之鹵化烷氧基,較佳為經單氟化、二氟化或寡氟化烷基、烯基或具有較佳至多9個C原子之烷氧基,最佳為正烷基、正烷氧基、烯基、烯基氧基或具有較佳至多9個C原子之烷氧基烷基,
X5 為鹵素、CN、NCS、CF3或OCF3,較佳F或OCF3,Y01、Y02、R01及R02 具有上文在式I下所給出之各別含義,及i 為0或1。
根據本發明之液晶介質包含一或多種式I化合物,其較佳選自式I-1至I-3之化合物之群,較佳選自式I-1及I-2,且更佳為一或多種式I-1及式I-2中之各者之化合物。
其中出現的基團具有上文所給出之各別含義且較佳地
R5 表示各自具有1至15個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烷氧基、或各自具有2至15個C原子之未經氟化之烯基、未經氟化之烯基氧基或未經氟化之烷氧基烷基,較佳為烷基,尤佳為正烷基,及
X5 表示F、CF3或OCF3、H,較佳為OCF3。
其中
表示 或R6 表示H、具有1至12個C原子之烷基或烷氧基、或具有2至12個C原子之烯基、烯基氧基或烷氧基烷基,其中一或多個CH2-基團可由
或置換,且其中一或多個H原子可由氟置換,X6 表示CN、F、CF3或OCF3,較佳為CN,及Y61、Y62表示H、Cl或F。
其中R7 表示H、具有1至17個,較佳3至10個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烷氧基、或具有2至15個,較佳3至10個C原子之未經氟化之
烯基、未經氟化之烯基氧基或未經氟化之烷氧基烷基,其中一或多個
CH2-基團可由或置換,較佳為未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烯基,n 為0、1或2,至在每次出現時彼此獨立地表示
或其中RL在每次出現時相同或不同地表示H或具有1至6個C原子之烷基,較佳為H、甲基或乙基,尤佳為H,且其中
可替代地表示
或較佳
且若n=2,則中之一者較佳表示且另一者較佳表示
或較佳地至彼此獨立地表示
或更佳地表示
或 表示
或 表示
或R8 表示H、具有1至17個,較佳3至10個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烷氧基、或具有2至15個,較佳3至10個C原子之未經氟化之烯基、未經氟化之烯基氧基或未經氟化之烷氧基烷基,其中一或多個
CH2-基團可由或置換,較佳為未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烯基,Z81 表示反-CH=CH-、反-CF=CF-或-C≡C-,較佳為-C≡C-或反-CH=CH-,且及彼此獨立地表示
或
其中RL在每次出現時相同或不同地表示H或具有1至6個C原子之烷基,較佳為H、甲基或乙基,尤佳為H,且其中較佳地及彼此獨立地表示
或 較佳表示
或,及較佳表示
或
更佳或R9 表示H、具有1至17個,較佳3至10個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烷氧基、或具有2至15個,較佳3至10個C原子之未經氟化之烯基、未經氟化之烯基氧基或未經氟化之烷氧基烷基,其中一或多個
CH2-基團可由或置換,較佳為未經氟化之烷基或未經氟化之烯基,Z91及Z92中之一者,較佳Z92;表示反-CH=CH-、反-CF=CF-或-C≡C-,且其另一者獨立地表示-C≡C-、反-CH=CH-、反-CF=CF-或單鍵,較佳地其中之一者,較佳Z32;表示-C≡C-或反-CH=CH-,且另一者表示單鍵,及至彼此獨立地表示
或其中RL在每次出現時相同或不同地表示H或具有1至6個C原子之烷基,較佳為H、甲基或乙基,尤佳為
H,且其中可替代地獨立表示或較佳地至彼此獨立地表示
或
更佳地表示或 表示或
,及更佳地或 表示或更佳地或
在式VII、VIII及IX之化合物中,RL較佳表示H。
在另一個較佳實施例中,在式VII、VIII及IX之化合物中,一或兩個基團RL,較佳一個基團RL,不同於H。
其中L71、L72及L73 在每次出現時相同或不同地表示H或F,且其他基團具有上文針對式I所指示之各別含義,且較佳地,R7 表示具有1至7個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或具有2至7個C原子之未經氟化之烯基。
其中R7具有上文針對式VII所指示之含義且較佳表示具有1至7個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或具有2至7個C原子之未經氟化之烯基。
其中R7具有上文針對式VII所指示之含義且較佳表示具有1至7個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或具有2至7個C原子之未經氟化之烯基。
其中R7具有上文針對式VII所指示之含義且較佳表示具有1至7個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或具有2至7個C原子之未經氟化之烯基。
其中R7具有上文針對式VII所指示之含義且較佳表示具有1至7個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或具有2至7個C原子之未經氟化之烯基。
其中R7具有上文針對式VII所指示之含義且較佳表示具有1至7個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或具有2至7個C原子之未經氟化之烯基。
其中參數具有以上在式VIII下所給出之含義且較佳地
R8 表示H、具有1至7個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或烷氧基或具有2
至7個C原子之未經氟化之烯基,且及中之一者表示或且另一者獨立地表示
或較佳
更佳
且較佳地R8 表示CnH2n+1或CH2=CH-(CH2)Z,及n 表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7且尤佳1至5之範圍內之整數,及z 表示0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
其中R8 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示CnH2n+1或CH2=CH-(CH2)Z,及n 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內,較佳在1至7且尤佳1至5範圍內之整數,及z 表示0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
其中R8 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示CnH2n+1或CH2=CH-(CH2)Z,n 表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7且尤佳1至5之範圍內之整數,及z 表示0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
其中R8 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示CnH2n+1或CH2=CH-(CH2)Z,n 表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7且尤佳1至5之範圍內之整數,及z 表示0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
其中Z91及Z92 彼此獨立地表示反-CH=CH-或反-CF=CF-,較佳反-CH=CH-,且在式IX-6中,可替代地,Z31及Z32中之一者可表示-C≡C-且其他參數具有以上在式III下給出之含義,且較佳地
R9 表示H、具有1至7個C原子之未經氟化之烷基或烷氧基或具有2至7個C原子之未經氟化之烯基,且至中之一者,較佳地,表示
或,較佳或且其他彼此獨立地表示
或較佳
或更佳或且較佳地R9 表示CnH2n+1或CH2=CH-(CH2)Z,n 表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7且尤佳1至5之範圍內之整數,及z 表示0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
其中R9 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示CnH2n+1或CH2=CH-(CH2)Z,n 表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7且尤佳1至5之範圍內之整數,及z 表示0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
其中R9 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示CnH2n+1或CH2=CH-(CH2)Z,n 表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7且尤佳1至5之範圍內之整數,及z 表示0、1、2、3或4,較佳0或2。
R9 具有以上針對式IX-5所指示之含義且較佳表示CnH2n+1,其中
n 表示在0至7範圍內,較佳地在1至5範圍內之整數。
較佳地,根據本發明之介質包含選自式ST-1至ST-18之化合物之群的穩定劑。
其中RST 表示H、具有1至15個C原子之烷基或烷氧基,其中另外,此等基團中之一或多個CH2基團可各自彼此獨立地由-C≡C-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CH=CH-、、-O-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-置換,其方式為使得O原子不直接連接於彼此,且其中另外,一或多個H原子可由鹵素置換,表示
ZST 各自彼此獨立地表示-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-CH=CH-CH2O-、-C2F4-、-CH2CF2-、-CF2CH2-、-CF=CF-、-CH=CF-、-CF=CH-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-或單鍵,L1及L2 各自彼此獨立地表示F、Cl、CF3或CHF2,p表示1或2,q 表示1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10。
在式ST-3a及ST-3b之化合物中,n較佳表示3。在式ST-2a之化合物中,n較佳表示7。
式ST-1至ST-18之化合物較佳地各自以按混合物計0.005至0.5%之量存在於根據本發明之液晶混合物中。
若根據本發明之混合物包含兩種或更多種來自式ST-1至ST-18之化合物之群的化合物,則就兩種化合物而言,按混合物計,濃度相對應地增加至0.01-1%。
然而,按根據本發明之混合物計,式ST-1至ST-18之化合物之總比例不應超過2%。
上文未明確提及之其他液晶原基化合物亦可視情況且有利地用於根據本發明之介質中。該等化合物為熟習此項技術者已知。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,液晶介質包含一或多種式I-1及II-3之化合物。
根據本發明之液晶介質的澄清點較佳為90℃或更大,更佳95℃或更大,尤佳100℃或更大。
根據本發明之介質之向列相較佳擴展降至0℃或更低之低溫,更佳降至-10℃或更低,甚至更佳降至-20℃或更低,及最佳降至-30℃或更低。同時,其較佳擴展高達90℃或更大之溫度上限,較佳高達95℃或更大,更佳高達100℃或更大,且特定言之,高達110℃或更大。
較佳地,在1kHz及20℃下,根據本發明之液晶介質之介電各向異性(△ε)在3至20,較佳5至15且尤佳6至12之範圍內。
在589.3nm(NaD)及20℃下,根據本發明之液晶介質之△n較佳為0.200或更大,更佳0.240或更大。
在589.3nm(NaD)及20℃下,根據本發明之液晶介質之△n較佳在0.200至0.400,更佳0.230至0.300且尤佳0.240至0.280之範圍內。
較佳地,根據本發明之液晶介質包含:- 一或多種式I化合物,其總濃度在20%至80%,較佳30%至
70%,尤佳40%至60%之範圍內;- 一或多種式I-1之化合物,其總濃度在5%至25%,較佳10%至20%,尤佳12%至18%之範圍內;- 一或多種式I-2之化合物,其總濃度在1%至10%,較佳2%至15%,尤佳3%至7%之範圍內;- 一或多種式I-3之化合物,其總濃度在15%至60%,較佳20%至50%,尤佳25%至45%之範圍內;- 一或多種式I化合物,其總濃度為40%或更大,較佳44%或更大,尤佳55%或更大;- 一或多種式I-1及I-2及I-3之化合物;- 一或多種式III-3之化合物,其總濃度在1%至10%,較佳2%至8%之範圍內;- 一或多種式VI之化合物,其總濃度在1%至10%,較佳2%至7%之範圍內;- 一或多種式VI之化合物,其總濃度為20%或更低,較佳10%或更低;- 一或多種式II,較佳IIZ之化合物,其總濃度在5%至50%,較佳10%至40%之範圍內;- 一或多種式II,較佳IIZ之化合物及一或多種式VI之化合物,其總濃度在10%至30%,較佳12%至20%之範圍內。
上文所使用之字首語係根據表A至C產生且解釋於表D中。
在本文中,表述介電正性描述其中△ε>3.0之化合物或組分,介電中性描述其中-1.5△ε3.0之彼等者且介電負性描述其中△ε<-1.5
之彼等者。△ε係在1kHz之頻率及20℃下測定。各別化合物之介電各向異性由各別單一化合物於向列型主體混合物中之10%溶液之結果判定。若主體混合物中之各別化合物之溶解度小於10%,則濃度降低至5%。測試混合物之電容在具有垂直配向之電池及具有均質配向之電池兩者中測定。兩種類型之單元的單元厚度為約20μm。施加之電壓為具有1kHz頻率及有效值通常為0.5V至1.0V之矩形波,但始終將其選擇為低於各別測試混合物之電容臨限值。
以下定義應用在此處。
△ε≡(ε∥-ε⊥)及εaverage≡(ε∥+2 ε⊥)/3。
用於介電正性化合物之主體混合物為混合物ZLI-4792,且用於介電中性及介電負性化合物之主體混合物為混合物ZLI-3086,均來自Merck KGaA,Germany。化合物之介電常數之絕對值由在添加相關化合物時主體混合物之各別值的變化測定。將該等值外推至100%之所關注化合物濃度。
如此在20℃之量測溫度下量測具有向列相之組分。所有其他組分像化合物一樣處理。
本文中,在所有情況下,除非另外明確說明,否則表述「臨限電壓」係指光學臨限值且針對10%相對對比度(V10)引述,「中灰電壓」為50%相對對比度(V50)之電壓,且表述「飽和電壓」係指光學飽和且針對90%相對對比度(V90)引述。所有特徵電壓係針對垂直觀測測定。若明確提及,則僅使用電容臨限電壓(V0),亦稱為弗雷德里克臨限值(VFr)。
在本文中,除非另外明確說明,否則以下條件及定義適用。所有濃度均以按重量計之百分比引述且係關於作為整體之各別混合物,所有溫度均以攝氏度引述且所有溫度差均以差異度數引述。除非另外明確說明,否則根據「Merck liquid Crystals,Physical Properties of liquid Crystals」,Status 1997年11月,Merck KGaA,Germany來測定所有物理特性,且針對20℃之溫度引述。在589.3nm之波長下測定光學各向異性(△n)。在1kHz頻率下測定介電各向異性(△ε)。使用Merck KGaA,Germany生產之測試單元測定臨限電壓以及所有其他電光特性。用於測定△ε之測試單元具有約20μm之單元厚度。電極為具有1.13cm2面積及保護環之圓形ITO電極。定向層為用於垂直定向(ε∥)之來自Nissan Chemicals,Japan之SE-1211,且用於均質定向(ε⊥)之來自Japan Synthetic Rubber,Japan之聚醯亞胺AL-1054。使用Solatron 1260頻率回應分析器,使用正弦波以0.3Vrms之電壓來測定電容。
電光學量測中所使用之光為白光。本文中使用利用可購自Autronic-Melchers,Germany之DMS儀器之裝備。已在垂直觀測下測定特徵電壓。已分別針對10%、50%及90%相對對比度測定臨限電壓(V10)、中灰電壓(V50)及飽和電壓(V90)。
在本文中,除非另外明確說明,否則術語「化合物」意謂一種化合物及複數種化合物。
根據本發明之液晶介質較佳在各種情況下具有至少-20℃至80℃,較佳-30℃至100℃且極尤佳-40℃至130℃之向列相。表述具有向列相在此意謂:一方面,在對應溫度下在低溫下未觀測到近晶相及結晶,且另一方面,在加熱時向列相不發生澄清。低溫下之研究在對應溫度
下於流量式黏度計中進行,且藉由儲存於層厚度為5μm之測試單元中至少100小時檢驗。在高溫下,藉由習知方法在毛細管中量測澄清點。
液晶介質之澄清點(T(N,I))較佳為90℃或更大,更佳95℃或更大,且尤佳100℃或更大。
根據本發明之液晶介質的特徵亦在於適合的旋轉黏度(γ1)。旋轉黏度較佳為350mPa.s或更低,更佳300mPa.s或更低,甚至更佳280mPa.s或更低,且最佳250mPa.s或更低。較佳地,介質之旋轉黏度係儘可能低的。然而,可能的實際下限可為100mPa.s或更大,或甚至150mPa.s或更大。
術語「烷基」較佳地涵蓋各自具有1至15個碳原子之直鏈及分支鏈烷基以及環烷基,特定言之,直鏈基團甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基及庚基以及環丙基及環己基。具有2至10個碳原子之基團大體為較佳的。
術語「烯基」較佳涵蓋具有2至15個碳原子之直鏈及分支鏈烯基,特定言之直鏈基團。尤佳烯基為C2至C7-1E-烯基、C4至C7-3E-烯基、C5至C7-4-烯基、C6至C7-5-烯基及C7-6-烯基,特定言之C2至C7-1E-烯基、C4至C7-3E-烯基及C5至C7-4-烯基。其他較佳烯基之實例為乙烯基、1E-丙烯基、1E-丁烯基、1E-戊烯基、1E-己烯基、1E-庚烯基、3-丁烯基、3E-戊烯基、3E-己烯基、3E-庚烯基、4-戊烯基、4Z-己烯基、4E-己烯基、4Z-庚烯基、5-己烯基、6-庚烯基及其類似者。具有至多5個碳原子之基團大體為較佳的。
術語「氟烷基」較佳涵蓋具有端氟之直鏈基團,亦即氟甲基、2-氟乙基、3-氟丙基、4-氟丁基、5-氟戊基、6-氟己基及7-氟庚基。
然而,不包括在氟之其他位置。
術語「氧雜烷基」或「烷氧基烷基」較佳涵蓋式CnH2n+1-O-(CH2)m之直鏈基團,其中n及m各自彼此獨立地表示1至10之整數。較佳地,此處n為1且m為1至6。
含有乙烯基端基之化合物及含有甲基端基之化合物具有低旋轉黏度。
根據本發明之液晶介質可以常用濃度包含其他添加劑及對掌性摻雜劑。按整體混合物計,此等其他成分之總濃度在0%至10%、較佳在0.1%至6%範圍內。所用之個別化合物之濃度各自較佳在0.1%至3%範圍內。當引述根據本發明之液晶介質之液晶組分及液晶化合物之值及濃度範圍時,不考慮此等及類似添加劑之濃度。
根據本發明之液晶介質由複數種化合物、較佳3至30種、更佳4至20種且極佳4至15種化合物組成。以習知方式混合此等化合物。一般而言,將以較小量使用之所需量之化合物溶解於以較大量使用之化合物中。若溫度高於以較高濃度使用之化合物之澄清點,則尤其易於觀測溶解過程之完成。然而,亦可能以其他習知方法製備介質,例如使用所謂的預混合物,其可為例如化合物之同系源或共晶混合物,或使用所謂的「多瓶」系統,其成分本身為即用備用混合物。
液晶之所有溫度(諸如,熔點T(C,N)或T(C,S))、自近晶(S)至向列(N)相之轉變(S,N)及澄清點T(N,I))以攝氏度引述。所有溫度差異以不同度數引述。
在本發明中且尤其以下實例中,液晶原基化合物之結構藉助於亦稱作字首語之縮寫指示。在此等字首語中,化學式如下使用以下表
A至表C進行縮寫。所有基團CnH2n+1、CmH2m+1及C1H2l+1或CnH2n-1、CmH2m-1及C1H2l-1表示分別具有n、m及l個C原子之直鏈烷基或烯基,較佳1E-烯基,其中n、m及l彼此獨立地分別表示1至9,較佳1至7或2至9,較佳2至7之整數。CoH2o+1表示具有1至7個、較佳1至4個C原子之直鏈烷基,或具有1至7個、較佳1至4個C原子之分支鏈烷基。
表A列舉用於化合物之核心結構之環要素之代碼,而表B展示鍵聯基團。表C給出左側或右側端基代碼之含義。表D展示化合物之說明性結構以及其各別縮寫。
其中n及m各自表示整數,且三點「...」為用於來自此表之其他縮寫之占位符。
下表展示說明性結構以及其各別縮寫。展示此等內容以說明縮寫規則之含義。此外,其表示較佳使用之化合物。
下表(表E)展示可用作根據本發明之液晶介質中之穩定劑的說明性化合物。介質中之此等及類似化合物之總濃度較佳地為5%或更低。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,液晶介質包含一或多種選自表E之化合物之群的化合物。
根據本發明之液晶介質較佳包含兩種或更多種,較佳四種或更多種選自由上表之化合物組成之群的化合物。
根據本發明之液晶介質較佳包含- 七種或更多種,較佳八種或更多種化合物,較佳地,選自表D之化合物之群的具有三個或更多個,較佳地四個或更多個不同式的化合物。
以下實例說明本發明而不以任何方式限制本發明。然而,熟習此項技術者由物理特性明白可達成何種特性及其可在何種範圍內修改。特定言之,熟習此項技術者因此非常清楚可較佳達成之多種特性之組合。
向列型液晶混合物C1、C2及N1至N12如下製備:
藉由以下表所給出之量添加選自ST-16、ST-3a-1、ST-3b-1及ST-8-1之穩定劑而自介質N2製備介質N3至N6。
相較於配備有介質C1或C2之變焦鏡頭,配備有介質N1至N12中之一者之LC變焦鏡頭具有較短焦距及較低驅動電壓。
Claims (11)
- 一種液晶透鏡,其包含在基板上之電極及液晶介質,其特徵在於該液晶介質含有以該液晶介質之重量計40%至60%之一或多種式I化合物
- 如請求項1之透鏡,其中該介質包含一或多種式III化合物
- 如請求項2之透鏡,其中該液晶介質中之該一或多種式III化合物之比例以該液晶介質之重量計為1%至30%。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之透鏡,其中該液晶介質的澄清溫度為100℃或更高。
- 如請求項1之透鏡,其中該電極係經圖案化。
- 一種液晶介質,其包含:以該液晶介質之重量計40%至60%之一或多種式I化合物
- 一種製備如請求項8之液晶介質之製程,其特徵在於將如請求項1及2中所定義之一或多種式I化合物、一或多種式IIZ化合物及視情況選用之一或多種式III化合物與一或多種其他化合物及/或與一或多種添加劑混合。
- 一種如請求項8之液晶介質在TN顯示器、STN顯示器、PDLC顯示器、相位調變器、攝影機、行動電話攝影機、3D LCD快門眼鏡、3D顯示器、LC透鏡、全像投影系統、LCoS空間光調變器或用於可在微波範圍中操作之高頻技術的組件中的用途。
- 一種電光裝置組件,其包含一或多種如請求項1或7之透鏡。
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- 2019-07-22 EP EP19187473.4A patent/EP3599266B1/en active Active
- 2019-07-23 JP JP2019135304A patent/JP7428485B2/ja active Active
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US20200032142A1 (en) | 2020-01-30 |
EP3599266B1 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
JP7428485B2 (ja) | 2024-02-06 |
KR20200011361A (ko) | 2020-02-03 |
US11473014B2 (en) | 2022-10-18 |
EP3599266A1 (en) | 2020-01-29 |
TW202007767A (zh) | 2020-02-16 |
JP2020021065A (ja) | 2020-02-06 |
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