TWI775291B - Bidirectional ac charging divece and method of operating the same - Google Patents
Bidirectional ac charging divece and method of operating the same Download PDFInfo
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- TWI775291B TWI775291B TW110102934A TW110102934A TWI775291B TW I775291 B TWI775291 B TW I775291B TW 110102934 A TW110102934 A TW 110102934A TW 110102934 A TW110102934 A TW 110102934A TW I775291 B TWI775291 B TW I775291B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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Abstract
Description
本發明係有關一種交流充電裝置,尤指一種可雙向供電的交流充電裝置及其操作方法。The present invention relates to an AC charging device, in particular to an AC charging device capable of bidirectional power supply and an operation method thereof.
近年來由於環保意識抬頭,政府機關積極推行節能減碳政策,而能夠大幅降低空氣污染的電動車產業也因此篷勃發展。隨著電動車應用的日漸普及,電動車的充電技術亦益發獲得重視。如圖1所示為傳統交流充電裝置之電路方塊圖,傳統使用交流電充電的電動車充電方式為透過交流充電裝置1’耦接市電2,且使用充電槍物理耦接電動載具3,以對電動載具3充電。傳統的交流充電裝置1’ 通常僅能透過市電2提供市電電力P1對電動載具3單向充電,在充電過程,控制器16’利用通訊單元14與電動載具3進行通訊,並控制開關20導通以提供充電的電力傳輸路徑。然而,由於用電需求的逐年增加,電力公司面臨到電網供需平衡的壓力,加上智慧電網、再生能源、分散式能源等能源應用的多元化,讓電力的供需不再只侷限於從發電端單向供應至負載端,因此電力公司必須根據實際的負載需求、電力成本及其性價比而適時地作出更動態、更具彈性的電力調度。因此,傳統市電2對電動載具3單向充電的架構,已無法滿足上述電力系統彈性應用的需求。In recent years, due to the rising awareness of environmental protection, government agencies have actively implemented energy-saving and carbon-reduction policies, and the electric vehicle industry, which can greatly reduce air pollution, has also flourished. With the increasing popularity of electric vehicle applications, the charging technology of electric vehicles has also received increasing attention. FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of a conventional AC charging device. The traditional charging method for electric vehicles using AC charging is to couple the
所以,如何設計出一種雙向交流充電裝置及其操作方法,以根據電力系統實際的電力調度需求,提供市電與交流充電類型的電動載具之間可雙向供電的解決方案,乃為本案創作人所欲行研究的一大課題。Therefore, how to design a bidirectional AC charging device and its operation method to provide a bidirectional power supply solution between mains and AC charging type electric vehicles according to the actual power dispatching requirements of the power system is the author of this case. A major subject for research.
為了解決上述問題,本發明係提供一種雙向交流充電裝置,耦接市電與電動載具,且包括:電力傳輸路徑,其一端透過第一連接埠耦接市電,另一端透過第二連接埠耦接電動載具。開關,被配置於電力傳輸路徑上。第一控制器,耦接電力傳輸路徑與開關。第二控制器,耦接第一控制器,且接收電力需求請求。通訊單元,耦接第一控制器與第二連接埠。當第二控制器收到電力需求請求時提供第一通知至第一控制器,第一控制器根據第一通知透過通訊單元從第一訊號切換為第二訊號後與電動載具通訊並控制開關不導通,且當第一控制器收到由電動載具提供的允許饋電通知時,控制開關導通;當第二控制器收到需求中止請求而對應地提供第二通知至第一控制器,或當第一控制器收到中止饋電通知時,第一控制器控制開關不導通並透過通訊單元由第二訊號切換為第一訊號後與電動載具通訊。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a bidirectional AC charging device, which is coupled to the commercial power and the electric vehicle, and includes: a power transmission path, one end of which is coupled to the commercial power through the first connection port, and the other end is coupled to the second connection port. Electric vehicle. The switch is arranged on the power transmission path. The first controller is coupled to the power transmission path and the switch. The second controller is coupled to the first controller and receives a power demand request. The communication unit is coupled to the first controller and the second connection port. When the second controller receives a power demand request, it provides a first notification to the first controller, and the first controller switches from the first signal to the second signal through the communication unit according to the first notification and communicates with the electric vehicle and controls the switch It is not conductive, and when the first controller receives the notification of allowing power feeding provided by the electric vehicle, the control switch is turned on; when the second controller receives the demand suspension request and correspondingly provides the second notification to the first controller, Or when the first controller receives a notice of suspending the feeding, the first controller controls the switch to be turned off and communicates with the electric vehicle after switching from the second signal to the first signal through the communication unit.
為了解決上述問題,本發明係提供一種雙向交流充電裝置的操作方法,包括下列步驟:(a)透過第二控制器接收一電力需求請求。(b)當第二控制器收到電力需求請求時通知第一控制器,使第一控制器透過通訊單元從第一訊號切換為第二訊號後與電動載具通訊並控制電力傳輸路徑不導通。(c)當第一控制器收到允許饋電通知時,控制電力傳輸路徑導通。(d)當第二控制器收到需求中止請求並通知第一控制器,或當第一控制器收到中止饋電通知時,第一控制器透過通訊單元從第二訊號切換為第一訊號後與電動載具通訊並控制電力傳輸路徑不導通。In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides an operation method of a bidirectional AC charging device, comprising the following steps: (a) receiving a power demand request through the second controller. (b) When the second controller receives the power demand request, the first controller is notified, so that the first controller can communicate with the electric vehicle after switching from the first signal to the second signal through the communication unit and control the power transmission path to be non-conductive . (c) When the first controller receives the notification of permission to feed power, the power transmission path is controlled to be turned on. (d) When the second controller receives a demand suspension request and notifies the first controller, or when the first controller receives a notice of feeding suspension, the first controller switches from the second signal to the first signal through the communication unit Then communicate with the electric vehicle and control the power transmission path to be non-conductive.
本發明之主要目的及功效在於,第一控制器依據第二控制器有無收到電力需求請求、需求中止請求,以及第一控制器有無收到允許饋電通知、中止饋電通知而自動對應地控制開關導通或不導通,以達成可根據市電的需求與電動載具的狀態而提供相應的電力供應方向,進而使本發明之交流充電裝置達到雙向供電之功效。The main purpose and effect of the present invention is that the first controller automatically responds accordingly according to whether the second controller has received a power demand request and a demand suspension request, and whether the first controller has received a power feeding permission notice or a power feeding suspension notice. The switch is controlled to be turned on or off, so as to provide a corresponding power supply direction according to the demand of the commercial power and the state of the electric vehicle, so that the AC charging device of the present invention can achieve the effect of bidirectional power supply.
為了能更進一步瞭解本發明為達成預定目的所採取之技術、手段及功效,請參閱以下有關本發明之詳細說明與附圖,相信本發明之目的、特徵與特點,當可由此得一深入且具體之瞭解,然而所附圖式僅提供參考與說明用,並非用來對本發明加以限制者。In order to further understand the technology, means and effect adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose, please refer to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings of the present invention. For specific understanding, however, the accompanying drawings are only provided for reference and description, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
茲有關本發明之技術內容及詳細說明,配合圖式說明如下:Hereby, the technical content and detailed description of the present invention are described as follows in conjunction with the drawings:
請參閱圖2為本發明雙向交流充電裝置之電路方塊圖。雙向交流充電裝置1耦接市電2,且用以在電動載具3耦接至雙向交流充電裝置1時,根據電動載具3及市電2的需求,提供由市電2對電動載具3充電,或由電動載具3對市電2饋電的電力傳輸路徑。電動載具3可以為電動車、電動機車等以電力驅動的載具。雙向交流充電裝置1包括電力傳輸路徑12、開關20、通訊單元14、第二控制器16B及第一控制器16A;開關20被配置於電力傳輸路徑12上,透過控制開關20的導通與不導通可達到導通或切斷電力傳輸路徑12的效果。而且,電力傳輸路徑12的一端透過第一連接埠1A的電力接口耦接市電2,另一端透過第二連接埠1B的電力接口耦接電動載具3。如此的耦接關係使得電力傳輸路徑12具有由第一連接埠1A往第二連接埠1B傳輸電力(充電)的市電電力傳輸方向T1,以及由第二連接埠1B往第一連接埠1A傳輸電力(饋電)的饋電電力傳輸方向T2。Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a circuit block diagram of the bidirectional AC charging device of the present invention. The two-way
通訊單元14耦接第一控制器16A,且透過第二連接埠1B的通訊接口耦接電動載具3。通訊單元14用以提供第一控制器16A與電動載具3之間訊息交握的通訊管道,以得知彼此的當前狀態及電力需求。在電動載具3物理耦接雙向交流充電裝置1後,第一控制器16A與電動載具3透過通訊單元14相互得知彼此的當前狀況及電力需求,使第一控制器16A根據其與電動載具3交握通訊後的決議對雙向交流充電裝置1進行相應的控制(提供充電或饋電的路徑)。第二控制器16B連接市電管理系統2A與第一控制器16A,且第二控制器16B可以為電網規範控制器。第二控制器16B用於與市電管理系統2A通訊以取得市電的相關資訊,例如但不限於:市電的電壓、電流、頻率等狀態與市電電力需求。當市電管理系統2A依據當前市電尖峰負載、供需平衡或維持電網品質的需求,而提供電力需求請求RP或需求中止請求至第二控制器16B時,第二控制器16B根據電力需求請求RP提供第一通知至第一控制器16A,或根據需求中止請求提供第二通知至第一控制器16A,而第一控制器16A則依據收到的通知類型來判斷開關20的切換。The
具體而言,依據市電側或電動載具側的需求控制開關20切換,而造成電力流向為由市電2向電動載具3充電或由電動載具3向市電2饋電的系統行為,大致上可用操作模式來區分以方便描述。依據本發明的一實施例,操作模式包括導通開關20,使市電電力P1由第一連接埠1A透過電力傳輸路徑12提供至第二連接埠1B(即市電電力傳輸方向T1)的充電模式。操作模式還包括導通開關20使饋電電力P2由第二連接埠1B透過電力傳輸路徑12提供至第一連接埠1A(即饋電電力傳輸方向T2)的饋電模式。此外,操作模式更包括不導通開關20,使電力傳輸路徑12中斷,造成當前無電力傳輸的待機模式。第一控制器16A除了根據前述的通知類型外,還根據其與電動載具3交握通訊後的決議而選擇操作於饋電模式、充電模式或待機模式。Specifically, the switching of the
進一步而言,當電動載具3物理耦接第二連接埠1B後,第一控制器16A預設透過通訊單元14與耦接第二連接埠1B的電動載具3相互傳輸第一訊號Sc1,其第一訊號Sc1按照電動車傳導充電規範(IEC 61851)的標準為頻率約為1kHz的脈寬調變(PWM)訊號。當電動載具3物理耦接第二連接埠1B後,除了預設與第一控制器16A相互傳輸第一訊號Sc1外,若第二控制器16B收到來自市電管理系統的電力需求請求RP,且提供第一通知至第一控制器16A後,第一控制器16A與電動載具3之間將改採用與第一訊號Sc1相異之第二訊號Sc2通訊,例如但不限於,脈衝、封包或頻率與第一訊號Sc1不相同的訊號。第一控制器16A將電力需求請求RP之相關資訊(例如但不限於:當前市電的電力需求功率大小、當前市電需補償的實功或頻率校正需求值等)透過第二訊號Sc2與電動載具3進行訊息的交握,在雙方對電力需求請求RP的資訊交握完成後,第一控制器16A將操作模式設定為待機模式,控制開關20不導通,以避免當下有任何電力傳輸行為。在使用第二訊號Sc2通訊的期間,若電動載具3判斷其自身狀態與其所配置的電池狀態無異常且電力足夠滿足電力需求請求RP的需求內容,則提供允許饋電通知至第一控制器16A,代表電動載具3允許將本身儲存的電力饋送回市電2。Further, after the
前述允許饋電通知透過第二連接埠1B的通訊接口、通訊單元14提供至第一控制器16A,使第一控制器16A依此訊號判斷電動載具3允許將本身儲存的電力饋送回市電2,且將操作模式設定為饋電模式。由於第一控制器16A與電動載具3於充電模式下,係以大致上為1kHz的PWM訊號進行通訊,因此於饋電模式的通訊應用,使用頻率與第一訊號Sc1不相同的訊號較易於實施,例如,依據本發明之一實施例,第二訊號Sc2為頻率高於第一訊號Sc1的訊號為較佳。其中,為了可以與1kHz的訊號明顯區別,又易於實施,因此第二訊號Sc2又以10kHz的訊號為較佳。另一方面,當電動載具3物理耦接第二連接埠1B後,若第一控制器16A並未收到來自市電管理系統2A的電力需求請求RP,代表不需操作於饋電模式,若電動載具3有充電需求並傳輸允許充電通知給第一控制器16A,則第一控制器16A判斷電動載具3具有充電需求而將操作模式設定為充電模式。The aforementioned power feeding permission notification is provided to the
請參閱圖3為本發明雙向交流充電裝置之模式切換方塊圖,復配合參閱圖2。根據本發明的一實施例,上述各種模式之間的切換,如從充電模式CM切換為饋電模式BM,或在饋電模式BM與充電電模式CM之間,存在一待機模式SM,在待機模式SM下,第一控制器16A控制開關20不導通,使得電力傳輸路徑12被中斷,如此可以防止模式切換之間發生不當流向的電流而可能造成雙向交流充電裝置1、電動載具3或人員的損害。舉例來說,當操作於充電模式CM,第一控制器16A與電動載具3之間以第一訊號Sc1通訊,若收到來自市電管理系統2A的電力需求請求RP,第二控制器16B提供第一通知N1至第一控制器16A,第一控制器16A會先中止第一訊號Sc1的通訊,並改用第二訊號Sc2與電動載具3通訊,將電力需求請求RP相關的資訊與電動載具3進行訊息的交握。當雙方對電力需求請求RP相關的資訊交握完成後,第一控制器12切換操作模式為待機模式SM,同時控制開關20不導通,中斷電力傳輸路徑12。第一控制器16A確認電力傳輸路徑12中斷後,待電動載具3提供允許饋電通知NB(以第二訊號Sc2的格式)後,才切換至饋電模式BM,並控制開關20導通,使得電動載具3的饋電電力P2透過第二連接埠1B經由電力傳輸路徑12傳輸至第一連接埠1A而供應到市電2。Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a block diagram of the mode switching of the bidirectional AC charging device of the present invention, and refer to FIG. 2 in combination. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the switching between the above-mentioned various modes, such as switching from the charging mode CM to the feeding mode BM, or between the feeding mode BM and the charging mode CM, there is a standby mode SM, in the standby mode In the mode SM, the
反過來說,當操作於饋電模式BM,第一控制器16A與電動載具3之間以第二訊號Sc2通訊時,若收到來自市電管理系統2A的需求中止請求RS(第二控制器16B提供第二通知N2至第一控制器16A)、或收到來自電動載具3因內部事件(例如但不限於電動載具系統故障、電池故障或電池電力不足)而提出的中止饋電通知NS(以第二訊號Sc2的格式),則第一控制器16A會先中止第二訊號Sc2的通訊,並切換操作模式為待機模式SM,同時控制開關20不導通以中斷電力傳輸路徑12,當確認電力傳輸路徑12中斷後,第一控制器16A改用第一訊號Sc1與電動載具3相互通訊,並待電動載具3提供允許充電通知NA(以第一訊號Sc1的格式)後,才切換至充電模式CM,控制開關20導通,使得市電2的市電電力P1由第一連接埠1A經由電力傳輸路徑12傳輸至第二連接埠1B而供應至電動載具3。Conversely, when operating in the feeding mode BM, when the
藉此,第一控制器16A透過此種收到市電管理系統2A的不同電力需求請求及以不同類型的訊號與電動載具3相互通訊的判斷方式,使得第一控制器16A可以自動地切換為饋電模式BM、充電模式CM或待機模式SM,而不再如同圖1的習知技術,僅具有單向充電的控制方式。藉此,可達成根據電動載具3的需求而提供相應的電力供應方向,以使本發明之交流充電裝置達到雙向供電之功效。In this way, the
復參閱圖2,雙向交流充電裝置1更包括偵測線路18及開關20,且偵測線路18與開關20耦接電力傳輸路徑12與第一控制器16A。偵測線路18偵測電力傳輸路徑12的電力而產生電力資訊訊號電力資訊訊號Sp,且第一控制器16A根據電力資訊訊號Sp判斷是否控制開關20的導通或不導通而導通或切斷電力傳輸路徑12。具體而言,偵測線路18包括多個偵測單元,其可以包括第一電壓偵測單元182、電流偵測單元184、頻率偵測單元186、剩餘電流偵測單元188及第二電壓偵測單元190等用以偵測電力傳輸路徑12上的電力參數的偵測單元,且偵測單元182~190分別耦接第一控制器16A。Referring back to FIG. 2 , the bidirectional
第一電壓偵測單元182偵測第一連接埠1A至開關20的第一路徑的電壓而產生第一電壓訊號Sv1,且第二電壓偵測單元190偵測開關20至第二連接埠1B的第二路徑的電壓而產生第二電壓訊號Sv2,其中,當開關20不導通時,前述的第一電壓訊號Sv1即對應市電側的電壓,且第二電壓訊號Sv2即對應電動載具側的電壓;電流偵測單元184偵測電力傳輸路徑12的電流而產生電流訊號Si,且頻率偵測單元186偵測電力傳輸路徑12的電壓及電流的頻率而產生頻率訊號Sf;剩餘電流偵測單元188偵測電力傳輸路徑12的剩餘電流而提供剩餘電流訊號Sir。電力資訊訊號Sp即至少可包括第一電壓訊號Sv1、第二電壓訊號Sv2、電流訊號Si、頻率訊號Sf及剩餘電流訊號Sir,且第一控制器16A根據上述訊號判斷是否控制開關20導通或不導通電力傳輸路徑12。進一步而言,第一控制器16A可以根據第一電壓訊號Sv1、第二電壓訊號Sv2、電流訊號Si及頻率訊號Sf判斷電力傳輸路徑12上的電力是否發生過電壓/欠電壓(OV/UV)、過電流(OC)、過頻率/欠頻率(OF/UF)的狀況,且剩餘電流訊號Sir可以判斷電力傳輸路徑12與接地端N之間是否有漏電流的狀況發生。當上述狀況未發生時,第一控制器16A控制開關20導通,使電力傳輸路徑12導通。反之,則控制開關20不導通,使電力傳輸路徑12不導通。其中,開關20可以為兩電晶體串接的開關或為繼電器等,可以雙向導通/關斷的開關元件。The first
復參閱圖2,雙向交流充電裝置1更包括輔助電源電路30,輔助電源電路30耦接雙向交流充電裝置1的系統內部負載,例如但不限於第一控制器16A、通訊單元14、開關20、以及其他需要輔助電源方可運行的週邊電路或電子元件,且輔助電源電路30包括第一轉換電路30A與第二轉換電路30B。第一轉換電路30A耦接電力傳輸路徑12上的其中兩相(適用三相系統或單相系統),且具體的耦接位置較為接近第一連接埠1A為較佳。第一轉換電路30A可以為習知的交流-直流轉換電路,例如但不限於反馳式轉換電路、順向轉換電路等。第一轉換電路30A將電力傳輸路徑12上的電力轉換為系統內部負載運行所需的輔助電力Vcc,其中輔助電力Vcc可以為+15V、+12V、+5V和/或+3V,但不限於此。第二轉換電路30B耦接電力傳輸路徑12上的其中兩相(適用三相系統或單相系統),且具體的耦接位置較為接近第二連接埠1B為較佳。第二轉換電路30B亦可為習知的交流-直流轉換電路,將電力傳輸路徑12上的電力轉換為系統內部負載運行所需的輔助電力Vcc,且第二轉換電路30B的輸出端與第一轉換電路30A的輸出端並聯。Referring back to FIG. 2 , the bidirectional
具體而言,本發明之雙向交流充電裝置1的其中之一特點在於,系統內部負載運作所需的輔助電力Vcc可在不同的操作模式下,由第一轉換電路30A和/或第二轉換電路30B供應。在第一控制器16A操作於充電模式CM時,由於開關導通20,市電電力P1可被第一轉換電路30A或第二轉換電路30A轉換為系統內部負載運作所需的輔助電力Vcc,使第一控制器16A可以穩定的對整個雙向交流充電裝置1進行充電模式CM的控制。同理,在饋電模式BM時,饋電電力P2可被第一轉換電路30A或第二轉換電路30A轉換為系統內部負載運作所需的輔助電力Vcc。但是,在第一控制器16A操作於待機模式SM時,開關20並不導通,此時僅有市電2或電動載具3的某一側能提供電力,而透過本發明具有雙轉換電路的輔助電源電路30設計,無論哪一側能提供電力,其對應的轉換電路皆可轉換為系統內部負載運作所需之輔助電力Vcc。所以,假設僅有第一轉換電力30A的狀況,且當市電2失效而第一控制器16A操作於饋電模式,或在待機模式SM欲進入饋電模式BM,但開關20尚未導通時,第一控制器16A無法獲取運行所需的輔助電力Vcc而導致雙向交流充電裝置1失效(反之亦然)。因此,加設第二轉換電路30B,可使得第一控制器16A於無論失去哪一方的電力時,仍然可通過另一方順利的獲取運作所需的輔助電力Vcc。Specifically, one of the features of the bidirectional
請參閱圖4A為本發明控制器操作於充電模式時的方塊示意圖、圖4B為本發明控制器操作於饋電模式時的方塊示意圖,復配合參閱圖2~3。於圖4A中,在電動載具3物理耦接第二連接埠1B後,第一控制器16A預設透過通訊單元14與耦接第二連接埠1B的電動載具3以第一訊號Sc1通訊,且經訊息交握取得電動載具3提供的允許充電通知後,第一控制器16A操作於充電模式CM。然後,第一控制器16A控制雙向交流充電裝置1的開關20導通,以利市電2所提供的市電電力傳輸方向T1的市電電力P1由第一連接埠1A、開關20、第二連接埠1B傳遞至電動載具3。Please refer to FIG. 4A for a schematic block diagram of the controller of the present invention when operating in the charging mode, and FIG. 4B for a schematic block diagram of the controller of the present invention operating in the feeding mode. Please refer to FIGS. 2 to 3 in conjunction. In FIG. 4A , after the
於圖4B中,在電動載具3物理耦接第二連接埠1B後,控制器16 A預設透過通訊單元14與耦接第二連接埠1B的電動載具3以第一訊號Sc1通訊,其中,第二控制器16B係耦接市電管理系統2A,以透過市電管理系統2A而得知市電2的相關資訊,例如但不限於市電2的當前電壓、電流、頻率狀態,以及電力需求。若第二控制器16B收到來自市電管理系統2A的電力需求請求RP,且依據該電力需求請求RP提供第一通知至N1第一控制器16A,則第一控制器16A將停止與電動載具3相互傳輸第一訊號Sc1,而改與電動載具3以第二訊號Sc2通訊,將電力需求請求RP相關的資訊與電動載具3進行訊息的交握。當雙方對電力需求請求RP相關的資訊交握完成後,第一控制器操作於待機模式SM,且控制開關20不導通以中斷電力傳輸路徑12。若第一控制器16 A透過通訊單元14收到電動載具3提供的允許饋電通知NB,則第一控制器16A切換操作於饋電模式BM。其中,圖3所述的允許饋電通知NB與中止饋電通知NS係以第二訊號Sc2的格式通知。然後,第一控制器16A依據第二控制器16B所提供的當前市電資訊,判斷最佳導通開關20的時間點;或是第一控制器16A將當前的市電資訊提供給電動載具,電動載具依據市電資訊判斷饋電的電壓與相位,輸出饋電電力並通知第一控制器16A後,第一控制器16A控制開關20導通,以利電動載具3所提供的饋電電力傳輸方向T2的饋電電力P2由第二連接埠1B、開關20、第一連接埠1A傳遞至市電2。其中,第一訊號Sc1與第二訊號Sc2若為不同種類的訊號時,可以使用相異的訊號傳輸線傳輸(如圖4B所示);當第一訊號Sc1與第二訊號Sc2若為同種類的訊號時(例如皆為PWM訊號,差異僅在於頻率),則可以使用相同的訊號傳輸線傳輸,其可依照實際需求而對應地調整傳輸線的應用。In FIG. 4B , after the
請參閱圖5A為本發明之雙向交流充電裝置的模式設定的操作方法流程圖,復配合參閱圖2~4B。雙向交流充電裝置1的操作方法包括,透過第二控制器接收電力需求請求(S100)。其中,第二控制器16B連接市電管理系統2A與第一控制器16A,第二控制器16B用於與市電管理系統2A通訊以取得市電的相關資訊,例如但不限於:市電狀態與市電電力需求。然後,當第二控制器收到市電管理系統的電力需求請求時通知第一控制器,使得第一控制器透過通訊單元從第一訊號切換為第二訊號後與電動載具通訊,且控制電力傳輸路徑不導通(S120)。當市電管理系統2A依據當前市電供需平衡的需求,而提供電力需求請求RP至第二控制器16B時,第二控制器16B根據電力需求請求RP提供第一通知至第一控制器16A。第一控制器16A收到第一通知後,第一控制器16A與電動載具3之間將改採用與第一訊號Sc1相異之第二訊號Sc2通訊,例如但不限於,脈衝、封包或頻率與第一訊號Sc1不相同的訊號。當第一控制器16A將電力需求請求RP的相關資訊與電動載具進行訊息的交握後,第一控制器16A控制電力傳輸路徑12上的開關12不導通,以中斷電力傳輸路徑12。Please refer to FIG. 5A for a flow chart of the operation method of the mode setting of the bidirectional AC charging device of the present invention, and refer to FIGS. 2 to 4B in combination. The operation method of the bidirectional
然後,當第一控制器收到電動載具提供的一允許饋電通知時,控制電力傳輸路徑導通(S140)。在使用第二訊號Sc2通訊的期間,若電動載具3判斷其自身狀態與其所配置的電池狀態無異常且電力充足而允許饋電,則提供允許饋電通知至第一控制器16A,代表電動載具3允許將本身儲存的電力饋送回市電2。允許饋電通知透過第二連接埠1B的通訊接口、通訊單元14提供至第一控制器16A,使第一控制器16A依此訊號判斷電動載具3允許將本身儲存的電力饋送回市電2,且將操作模式設定為饋電模式,並導通電力傳輸路徑12上的開關20,以導通電力傳輸路徑20,提供讓電力由電動載具傳輸至市電的路徑。Then, when the first controller receives a notification of allowing power feeding provided by the electric vehicle, it controls the power transmission path to be turned on (S140). During the period of communication using the second signal Sc2, if the
然後,於饋電模式下,當第二控制器收到市電管理系統的需求中止請求時通知第一控制器,使得第一控制器透過通訊單元從第二訊號切換為第一訊號後與電動載具通訊,且控制電力傳輸路徑不導通(S160);或是於饋電模式下,當第一控制器收到來自電動載具的中止饋電通知時,透過通訊單元從第二訊號切換為第一訊號後與電動載具通訊,且控制通電力傳輸路徑不導通(S180)。在步驟(S140)中,當操作於饋電模式BM,第一控制器16A與電動載具3之間以第二訊號Sc2通訊時,若透過第二控制器16B收到來自市電管理系統2A的需求中止請求RS、或第一控制器16A收到來自電動載具3提出的中止饋電通知NS,則第一控制器16A從第二訊號Sc2切換為第一訊號Sc1與電動載具3通訊,並進入待機模式SM,控制電力傳輸路徑12上的開關20不導通,以切斷電力傳輸路徑12。Then, in the feeding mode, the second controller notifies the first controller when the second controller receives a demand suspension request from the mains management system, so that the first controller switches from the second signal to the first signal through the communication unit and communicates with the electric load with communication, and the control power transmission path is non-conductive (S160); or in the power feeding mode, when the first controller receives a notice of suspension of power feeding from the electric vehicle, the communication unit switches from the second signal to the second signal A signal is then communicated with the electric vehicle, and the power transmission path is controlled to be turned off (S180). In step ( S140 ), when operating in the power feeding mode BM, when the
最後,於待機模式下,當第一控制器收到由電動載具提供的允許充電通知時,操作於使得市電電力由市電透過電力傳輸路徑提供至電動載具的充電模式(S200)。在步驟(S160)與(S180)之後,當第一控制器16A進入待機模式並確認電力傳輸路徑12中斷後,持續以第一訊號Sc1與電動載具3相互通訊,並待電動載具3提供允許充電通知NA後,才切換至充電模式CM,控制開關20導通,使得市電2的市電電力P1由第一連接埠1A經由電力傳輸路徑12傳輸至第二連接埠1B而供應至電動載具3。Finally, in the standby mode, when the first controller receives a charging permission notification provided by the electric vehicle, it operates in a charging mode in which the commercial power is provided to the electric vehicle through the power transmission path (S200). After steps ( S160 ) and ( S180 ), when the
請參閱圖5B為本發明之雙向交流充電裝置的保護機制方法流程圖,復配合參閱圖2~5A。在步驟(S100)~(S200)中包括了雙向交流充電裝置1的保護機制,其步驟包括,偵測電力傳輸路徑的電力而產生電力資訊訊號(S300)。偵測線路18包括多個偵測單元,其可以包括第一電壓偵測單元182、電流偵測單元184、頻率偵測單元186、剩餘電流偵測單元188及第二電壓偵測單元190等用以偵測電力傳輸路徑12上的電力參數的偵測單元。偵測線路18偵測電力傳輸路徑12的電力而產生電力資訊訊號Sp,電力資訊訊號Sp即至少可包括第一電壓訊號Sv1、第二電壓訊號Sv2、電流訊號Si、頻率訊號Sf及剩餘電流訊號Sir。然後,第一控制器根據電力資訊訊號控制該電力傳輸路徑導通或不導通(S320)。第一控制器16A可以根據第一電壓訊號Sv1、第二電壓訊號Sv2、電流訊號Si及頻率訊號Sf判斷電力傳輸路徑12上的電力是否發生過電壓/欠電壓(OV/UV)、過電流(OC)、過頻率/欠頻率(OF/UF)的狀況,且剩餘電流訊號Sir可以判斷電力傳輸路徑12與接地端N之間是否有漏電流的狀況發生。當上述狀況未發生時,第一控制器16A控制開關20導通,使電力傳輸路徑12導通。反之,則控制開關20不導通,使電力傳輸路徑12不導通。Please refer to FIG. 5B for a flowchart of the protection mechanism method of the bidirectional AC charging device of the present invention, and refer to FIGS. 2 to 5A in combination. Steps ( S100 ) to ( S200 ) include a protection mechanism for the bidirectional
惟,以上所述,僅為本發明較佳具體實施例之詳細說明與圖式,惟本發明之特徵並不侷限於此,並非用以限制本發明,本發明之所有範圍應以下述之申請專利範圍為準,凡合於本發明申請專利範圍之精神與其類似變化之實施例,皆應包括於本發明之範疇中,任何熟悉該項技藝者在本發明之領域內,可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專利範圍。However, the above descriptions are only the detailed descriptions and drawings of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the patent shall prevail, and all embodiments that are consistent with the spirit of the scope of the patent application of the present invention and similar variations thereof shall be included in the scope of the present invention. Anyone who is familiar with the art in the field of the present invention can easily think Changes or modifications can be covered by the following patent scope of the present case.
1’…充電裝置1’…Charging unit
1…雙向交流充電裝置1…Bidirectional AC charging device
1A…第一連接埠1A…first port
1B…第二連接埠1B…Second port
12…電力傳輸路徑12…Power Transmission Path
14…通訊單元14…communication unit
16’ …控制器16’ …controller
16A…第一控制器16A…First Controller
16B…第二控制器16B…Second Controller
18…偵測線路18…Detection line
182…第一電壓偵測單元182...the first voltage detection unit
184…電流偵測單元184…Current detection unit
186…頻率偵測單元186…Frequency detection unit
188…剩餘電流偵測單元188…Residual current detection unit
190…第二電壓偵測單元190...Second voltage detection unit
20…開關20…Switch
30…輔助電源電路30…Auxiliary power circuit
30A…第一轉換電路30A...first conversion circuit
30B…第二轉換電路30B...Second conversion circuit
2…市電2…Mains
2A…市電管理系統2A…Mains power management system
3…電動載具3…Electric Vehicles
P1…市電電力P1…Mains Electricity
T1…市電電力傳輸方向T1…Direction of mains power transmission
P2…饋電電力P2…feeding power
T2…饋電電力傳輸方向T2…feeding power transmission direction
Vcc…輔助電力Vcc...auxiliary power
Sc1…第一訊號Sc1…First Signal
Sc2…第二訊號Sc2…Second signal
N1…第一通知N1…First Notice
N2…第二通知N2…Second Notice
NB…允許饋電通知NB…Allow Feed Notifications
NS…中止饋電通知NS…Notice of Suspended Feeding
NA…允許充電通知NA…Allow charging notifications
RP…電力需求請求RP…Power Demand Request
RS…需求中止請求RS...demand abort request
CM…充電模式CM…Charging Mode
SM…待機模式SM…standby mode
BM…饋電模式BM…feed mode
Sp…電力資訊訊號Sp…Power Information Signal
Sv1…第一電壓訊號Sv1…the first voltage signal
Sv2…第二電壓訊號Sv2…Second voltage signal
Si…電流訊號Si...current signal
Sf…頻率訊號Sf…frequency signal
Sir…剩餘電流訊號Sir...residual current signal
S100~S320…步驟S100~S320...steps
圖1為傳統的充電裝置之電路方塊圖;FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of a conventional charging device;
圖2為本發明雙向交流充電裝置之電路方塊圖;2 is a circuit block diagram of the bidirectional AC charging device of the present invention;
圖3為本發明雙向交流充電裝置之模式切換方塊圖;3 is a block diagram of mode switching of the bidirectional AC charging device of the present invention;
圖4A為本發明控制器操作於充電模式時的方塊示意圖;4A is a schematic block diagram of the controller of the present invention operating in a charging mode;
圖4B為本發明控制器操作於饋電模式時的方塊示意圖;4B is a schematic block diagram of the controller of the present invention operating in a feeding mode;
圖5A為本發明之雙向交流充電裝置的模式設定的操作方法流程圖;及5A is a flow chart of the operation method of the mode setting of the bidirectional AC charging device of the present invention; and
圖5B為本發明之雙向交流充電裝置的保護機制方法流程圖。5B is a flow chart of the protection mechanism method of the bidirectional AC charging device of the present invention.
Sc1…第一訊號 Sc2…第二訊號 N1…第一通知 N2…第二通知 NB…允許饋電通知 NS…中止饋電通知 NA…允許充電通知 RP…電力需求請求 RS…需求中止請求 CM…充電模式 SM…待機模式 BM…饋電模式 Sc1…First Signal Sc2…Second signal N1…First Notice N2…Second Notice NB…Allow Feed Notifications NS…Notice of Suspended Feeding NA…Allow charging notifications RP…Power Demand Request RS...demand abort request CM…Charging Mode SM…standby mode BM…feed mode
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CN112248842A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-01-22 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Electric automobile and charging control system thereof |
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CN112248842A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-01-22 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Electric automobile and charging control system thereof |
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