TWI774070B - Porous biochar, manufacturing method thereof, method for adsorbing non-polar substance and composite fuel - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
Description
本發明是關於一種生物炭、其製造方法、使用其吸附非極性物質的方法及包含其的複合燃料,且特別是關於一種多孔生物炭、其製造方法、使用其吸附非極性物質的方法及包含其的複合燃料。 The present invention relates to a biochar, a method for producing the same, a method for adsorbing non-polar substances using the same, and a composite fuel containing the same, and in particular, a porous bio-char, a method for producing the same, a method for adsorbing non-polar substances using the same, and a composite fuel comprising the same its composite fuel.
隨著科技及工業蓬勃發展,人類對能源的需求日益增加,也因此衍生許多問題。舉例來說,在開採及運送石油的過程中,時有所聞油輪擱淺而使所載原油外洩,或鑽油平台管線外洩,而造成嚴重的海洋油污污染。而工廠及家庭所排放廢氣及廢液也為地球帶來嚴重的污染,諸如工廠在生產製造過程中所產生含有有機物質的工業廢氣及工業廢水,或者家庭烹煮、清洗時所產生的油煙、污水。此外,目前能源的主要來源為石化燃料,其含量有限,也使人類面臨能源短缺的危機。因此,如何改善環境污染以及如何尋找替代能源,遂成為眾人關注的焦點。 With the vigorous development of technology and industry, human beings' demand for energy is increasing, and many problems have arisen as a result. For example, in the process of oil extraction and transportation, it is often heard that oil tankers run aground and the contained crude oil leaks, or pipelines from oil rigs leak, causing serious marine oil pollution. The waste gas and waste liquid emitted by factories and households also bring serious pollution to the earth, such as industrial waste gas and industrial waste water containing organic substances produced in the production process of factories, or the cooking and cleaning of households. sewage. In addition, the current main source of energy is fossil fuels, whose content is limited, which also makes mankind face the crisis of energy shortage. Therefore, how to improve environmental pollution and how to find alternative energy sources has become the focus of attention.
本發明之目的在於提供一種多孔生物炭、其製造方法、吸附非極性物質的方法及複合燃料,以解決上述問題。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a porous biochar, a method for producing the same, a method for adsorbing non-polar substances, and a composite fuel to solve the above problems.
依據本發明之一實施方式是提供一種多孔生物炭的製造方法,包含以下步驟。提供一生質物材料,其中生質物材料為粉末狀。進行一含浸步驟,係將生質物材料放置於一造孔溶液中浸泡,以獲得一含浸生質物材料。進行一熱化學轉化步驟,係於惰性氛圍下加熱含浸生質物材料,以使含浸生質物材料轉變為多孔生物炭。 According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing porous biochar is provided, which includes the following steps. A biomass material is provided, wherein the biomass material is in powder form. Carrying out an impregnation step, the biomass material is soaked in a pore-forming solution to obtain an impregnated biomass material. A thermochemical conversion step is performed by heating the impregnated biomass material in an inert atmosphere to convert the impregnated biomass material into porous biochar.
依據前述的多孔生物炭的製造方法,其中生質物材料可為一生質物廢棄物。生質物材料的粒徑可大於0μm且小於或等於425μm。 According to the aforementioned manufacturing method of porous biochar, the biomass material can be a biomass waste. The particle size of the biomass material may be greater than 0 μm and less than or equal to 425 μm.
依據前述的多孔生物炭的製造方法,其中造孔溶液可包含一造孔劑,造孔劑可為碳酸氫鈉,造孔劑的濃度可為1wt%至10wt%。 According to the above-mentioned manufacturing method of porous biochar, the pore-forming solution may include a pore-forming agent, the pore-forming agent may be sodium bicarbonate, and the concentration of the pore-forming agent may be 1 wt % to 10 wt %.
依據前述的多孔生物炭的製造方法,其中熱化學轉化步驟可於200℃至300℃下進行30分鐘至120分鐘。熱化學轉化步驟可在一高溫爐中進行,且一惰性氣體通入高溫爐中以形成惰性氛圍,惰性氣體通入高溫爐的流速可為10cc/min至200cc/min。 According to the aforementioned manufacturing method of porous biochar, the thermochemical conversion step can be performed at 200°C to 300°C for 30 minutes to 120 minutes. The thermochemical conversion step can be performed in a high temperature furnace, and an inert gas is introduced into the high temperature furnace to form an inert atmosphere, and the flow rate of the inert gas into the high temperature furnace can be 10 cc/min to 200 cc/min.
依據本發明之另一實施方式是提供一種多孔生物炭,其係由前述的多孔生物炭的製造方法所製成,其中多孔生物炭包含複數個孔洞,且多孔生物炭為疏水性。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, a porous biochar is provided, which is produced by the aforementioned method for producing porous biochar, wherein the porous biochar includes a plurality of pores, and the porous biochar is hydrophobic.
依據本發明之又一實施方式是提供一種吸附非極性物質的方法,包含以下步驟。提供前述的多孔生物炭。進行一吸附步驟,係使多孔生物炭與非極性物質接觸,而使多孔生物炭吸附非極性物質,其中非極性物質為液相或氣相。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for adsorbing non-polar substances, comprising the following steps. The aforementioned porous biochar is provided. An adsorption step is performed by contacting the porous biochar with a non-polar substance, so that the porous biochar adsorbs the non-polar substance, wherein the non-polar substance is in liquid phase or gas phase.
依據本發明之又一實施方式是提供一種複合燃料,包含前述的多孔生物炭以及一有機非極性物質,有機非極性物質填充於多孔生物碳的複數個孔洞中至少一者,有機非極性物質為液相或氣相,且有機非極性物質的熱值為10MJ/kg至50MJ/kg。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, a composite fuel is provided, comprising the aforementioned porous biochar and an organic non-polar substance, wherein the organic non-polar substance is filled in at least one of a plurality of pores of the porous bio-char, and the organic non-polar substance is: Liquid or gas phase, and the calorific value of organic non-polar substances is 10MJ/kg to 50MJ/kg.
本發明之多孔生物炭的製造方法,可製造出具有複數個孔洞及疏水性的多孔生物炭。本發明之多孔生物炭具有抗菌能力,有利於長時間存放。多孔生物炭可用於吸附非極性物質,因此可用於吸收工業及家庭所排放之廢氣及廢液中的非極性物質,也可用於回收海洋漏油,有利於改善環境污染的問題。將本發明之多孔生物炭用於吸收有機非極性物質後,可形成複合燃料,其可作為石化燃料的替代能源,而有助於改善能源短缺的問題。本發明之多孔生物炭可優選地使用生質物廢棄物作為原料,有利於循環經濟的發展。 The method for producing porous biochar of the present invention can produce porous biochar having a plurality of pores and hydrophobicity. The porous biochar of the present invention has antibacterial ability and is favorable for long-term storage. Porous biochar can be used to adsorb non-polar substances, so it can be used to absorb non-polar substances in waste gas and waste liquids discharged by industries and households, and can also be used to recover marine oil spills, which is beneficial to improve the problem of environmental pollution. After the porous biochar of the present invention is used to absorb organic non-polar substances, a composite fuel can be formed, which can be used as an alternative energy source for fossil fuels and help to improve the problem of energy shortage. The porous biochar of the present invention can preferably use biomass waste as raw material, which is beneficial to the development of circular economy.
100:多孔生物炭的製造方法 100: Manufacturing method of porous biochar
110~130:步驟 110~130: Steps
200:吸附非極性物質的方法 200: Method for adsorption of non-polar substances
210~220:步驟 210~220: Steps
第1圖是依據本發明一實施方式的多孔生物炭的製造方法的步驟流程圖。 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of a method for producing porous biochar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第2圖是依據本發明另一實施方式的吸附非極性物質的方法的步驟流程圖。 FIG. 2 is a flow chart of steps of a method for adsorbing non-polar substances according to another embodiment of the present invention.
第3圖是比較例1的掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)照片。 FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of Comparative Example 1. FIG.
第4圖是比較例2的SEM照片。 FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of Comparative Example 2. FIG.
第5圖是依據本發明實施例1的SEM照片。 Fig. 5 is an SEM photograph of Example 1 according to the present invention.
第6圖是比較例2及依據本發明實施例1的孔徑量測結果圖。 FIG. 6 is a graph showing the pore size measurement results of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 according to the present invention.
第7圖是比較例2及依據本發明實施例1的抗菌性測試結果。 FIG. 7 is the antibacterial test results of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 according to the present invention.
<多孔生物炭的製造方法><Production method of porous biochar>
請參照第1圖,多孔生物炭的製造方法100包含步驟110~130。步驟110是提供一生質物材料,其中生質物材料為粉末狀。具體來說,生質物材料可為農作物或木材,農作物可為但不限於玉米、甘蔗、甘藷、甜菜,木材可由樹木提供,生質物材料亦可為生質物廢棄物,例如農業廢棄物或林業廢棄物,農業廢棄物可為但不限於咖啡渣、甘蔗渣、稻穀或稻桿,林業廢棄物可為但不限於木材廠或家具廠的下腳料、邊材、疏林後的木材或行道樹經修剪所產生的廢棄木材,行道樹可為但不限於榕樹、樟樹、茄苳、黑板樹、木棉、盾柱木、小葉欖仁、大王椰子、臺灣欒樹、白千層、水黃皮、楓香或菩提樹。生質物材料可先進行前處理,使生質物材料成為粉末狀,例如可先經過乾燥步驟,降低生質物材料的含水量,並可通過研磨與過篩使生質物材料成為粉末狀,以提高生質物材料的表面積,有利於後續反應的進行。依據本發明一實施例,生質物材料的粒徑可大於0μm且小於或等於425μm,然而,本發明不以此為限,可依生質物材料的種類以及後續反應的條件,適應調整生質物材料的粒徑。
Please refer to FIG. 1 , the
步驟120是進行一含浸步驟,係將生質物材料放置於一造孔溶液中浸泡,以獲得一含浸生質物材料。具體來說,含浸步驟係使生質物材料吸收造孔溶液而形成含浸生質物材料。造孔溶液可包含一造孔劑以及一溶劑,造孔劑為加熱後可分解出氣體的物質,溶劑為可溶解造孔劑的物質,藉此,當含浸生質
物材料被加熱時,造孔劑所分解出的氣體可撐開生質物材料的內部結構而產生孔洞。依據本發明一實施例,造孔劑可為碳酸氫鈉,溶劑可為水。然而,本發明不以此為限,只要可實現造孔劑及溶劑功能的物質,皆可作為本發明的造孔劑及溶劑。依據本發明一實施例,造孔劑的濃度可為1wt%至10wt%,亦即造孔溶液為100重量份時,造孔劑的含量為1重量份至10重量份。依據本發明一實施例,含浸步驟可於室溫下進行30秒至30分鐘。然而,本發明不以此為限,可依據生質物材料的種類及粒徑、造孔劑及溶劑的種類,適應調整造孔劑的濃度以及含浸步驟的溫度及時間。
步驟130是進行一熱化學轉化步驟,係於惰性氛圍下加熱含浸生質物材料,以使含浸生質物材料轉變為多孔生物炭。藉由熱化學轉化步驟,一方面可使造孔劑受熱分解,以利孔洞的生成,另一方面,生質物材料受熱產生熱分解,而使其中揮發性有機物質逸散。具體來說,熱化學轉化步驟可為焙燒(torrefaction)、熱裂解(pyrolysis)、水熱碳化(hydrothermal carbonization)等製程。前述惰性氛圍是指包圍含浸生質物材料的氣體其不會與含浸生質物材料反應,藉此,可隔絕氧氣,使含浸生質物材料於加熱過程中不會產生燃燒反應。本發明將不會與含浸生質物材料反應的氣體定義為惰性氣體。更具體來說,熱化學轉化步驟可在一高溫爐中進行,且一惰性氣體通入高溫爐中以形成惰性氛圍,高溫爐可為一管式高溫爐,惰性氣體可為但不限於氮氣或氬氣,當惰性氣體為氮氣時,惰性氛圍為氮氣氛圍,當惰性氣體為氬氣時,惰性氛圍為氬氣氛圍、依此類推。惰性氣體通入高溫爐的流速可為10cc/min至200cc/min,當流速小於10cc/min,可能會降低揮發性產物之移出速率缺失,當流速大於200cc/min,可能會加速揮發性產物之移出速率。熱化學轉化步驟可於200℃至300℃下進行30分鐘至120分鐘,當溫度低於200℃,可能導致炭化不完全,當溫度大於300℃,
可能導致生物炭產率降低,當時間小於30分鐘,可能導致反應不完全,當時間大於120分鐘,可能導致反應完成後仍繼續加熱而造成能源的浪費。依據本發明一實施例,多孔生物炭的產率可為50%至74%。
由上述內容可知,本發明的多孔生物炭的製造方法100可製造出多孔生物炭,且可優選地使用生質物廢棄物作為原料,藉此,可將廢棄物再利用,有利於循環經濟的發展。
From the above content, it can be seen that the method for producing
<多孔生物炭><Porous Biochar>
本發明提供一種多孔生物炭,其係使用多孔生物炭的製造方法100所製成。多孔生物炭包含複數個孔洞且為疏水性。藉此,多孔生物炭可用於吸附非極性物質。具體來說,複數個孔洞可包含複數個介孔及/或巨孔,介孔是指孔徑範圍在2nm至50nm的孔洞,巨孔是指孔徑範圍大於50nm的孔洞,藉此,可調控多孔生物炭的孔洞大小,有利於選擇性地吸附非極性物質。優選地,多孔生物炭可具有抗菌性,藉此,有利於長時間存放。
The present invention provides a porous biochar, which is produced by using the
<吸附非極性物質的方法><Method for adsorbing non-polar substances>
請參照第2圖,吸附非極性物質的方法200包含步驟210~220。步驟210是提供一多孔生物炭,關於多孔生物炭的製造方法及性質請參照上文。步驟220是進行一吸附步驟,係使多孔生物炭與非極性物質接觸,而使多孔生物炭吸附非極性物質,其中非極性物質為液相或氣相。具體來說,非極性物質可為工業及家庭所排放之廢氣及廢液中的非極性物質,非極性物質也可為海洋漏油或廢水中之油汙,藉此,本發明的吸附非極性物質的方法200可除去環境中的污染物,而有利於改善環境污染的問題。此外,當非極性物質為有機非極性物質且
具有較高的熱值(例如10MJ/kg至50MJ/kg)時,本發明之多孔生物炭在吸收有機非極性物質後,可形成複合燃料,藉此,可將污染物再利用,且複合燃料可作為化石燃料的替代能源,而有助於改善能源短缺的問題。
Referring to FIG. 2, the
<複合燃料><Composite Fuel>
本發明提供一種複合燃料,包含多孔生物炭以及有機非極性物質,有機非極性物質填充於多孔生物碳的複數個孔洞中至少一者,有機極性物質為液相或氣相,且有機非極性物質的熱值為10MJ/kg至50MJ/kg。具體來說,複合燃料可為吸附非極性物質的方法200的產物。藉此,複合燃料可將污染物再利用,且可作為石化燃料的替代能源,而有助於改善能源短缺的問題。
The present invention provides a composite fuel, comprising porous biochar and organic non-polar substances, the organic non-polar substances are filled in at least one of a plurality of pores of the porous bio-char, the organic polar substances are liquid or gas phase, and the organic non-polar substances are in liquid phase or gas phase. The calorific value of 10MJ/kg to 50MJ/kg. In particular, the composite fuel may be the product of
<實施例及比較例的製備><Preparation of Examples and Comparative Examples>
實施例1:取適量乾燥的咖啡渣,進行研磨與過篩(篩孔為425μm),而使咖啡渣的粒徑小於或等於425μm(步驟110),取過篩後的咖啡渣20克,將咖啡渣放置於濃度為4.15wt%的碳酸氫鈉水溶液中浸泡,係於室溫下浸泡3分鐘,以獲得吸收了碳酸氫鈉水溶液的咖啡渣(步驟120),過濾取出吸收了碳酸氫鈉水溶液的咖啡渣,將之放置於管狀高溫爐中,於氮氣氛圍下加熱,氮氣流量設定為50cc/min,以300℃的溫度加熱60分鐘,以獲得實施例1的多孔生物炭(步驟130),多孔生物炭的質量為10克,產率為50%。碳酸氫鈉受熱後的反應如式(1)所示。 Example 1: Take an appropriate amount of dry coffee grounds, grind and sieve them (the sieve opening is 425 μm), so that the particle size of the coffee grounds is less than or equal to 425 μm (step 110), take 20 grams of the sieved coffee grounds, The coffee grounds are placed in a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with a concentration of 4.15wt% and soaked for 3 minutes at room temperature to obtain coffee grounds that have absorbed the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution (step 120), and filter out the absorbed sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution. The coffee grounds were placed in a tubular high-temperature furnace, heated under a nitrogen atmosphere, the nitrogen flow was set to 50cc/min, and heated at a temperature of 300 ° C for 60 minutes to obtain the porous biochar of Example 1 (step 130), The mass of porous biochar was 10 g and the yield was 50%. The reaction of sodium bicarbonate after heating is shown in formula (1).
實施例2~6:將實施例1的生質物材料(M)、碳酸氫鈉水溶液的濃度(C)、熱轉換步驟的進行時間(T)調整如表一,其餘條件與實施例1相同,可得到 實施例2~6的多孔生物炭,並將產率(Y)記載於表一。 Embodiment 2~6: the concentration (C) of the biomass material (M) of embodiment 1, aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, the carrying out time (T) of thermal conversion step are adjusted as table 1, and all other conditions are identical with embodiment 1, available The porous biochar of Examples 2-6, and the yield (Y) is recorded in Table 1.
比較例1:取適量乾燥的咖啡渣,進行研磨與過篩(篩孔為425μm),而使咖啡渣的粒徑小於或等於425μm,以獲得比較例1的咖啡渣。 Comparative Example 1: Take an appropriate amount of dry coffee grounds, grind and sieve them (the mesh size is 425 μm), so that the particle size of the coffee grounds is less than or equal to 425 μm, to obtain the coffee grounds of Comparative Example 1.
比較例2:取適量乾燥的咖啡渣,進行研磨與過篩(篩孔為425μm),而使咖啡渣的粒徑小於或等於425μm,將經研磨與過篩的咖啡渣20克放置於管狀高溫爐中,於氮氣氛圍下加熱,氮氣流量設定為50cc/min,以300℃的溫度加熱60分鐘,以獲得比較例2的生物炭,生物炭的質量為12.4克,產率為62%。 Comparative Example 2: Take an appropriate amount of dried coffee grounds, grind and sieve (the mesh size is 425 μm), so that the particle size of the coffee grounds is less than or equal to 425 μm, and place 20 grams of the ground and sieved coffee grounds in a tubular high temperature. The furnace was heated under nitrogen atmosphere, the nitrogen flow rate was set to 50cc/min, and the temperature was 300°C for 60 minutes to obtain the biochar of Comparative Example 2. The mass of the biochar was 12.4 g and the yield was 62%.
比較例3:係將比較例1的咖啡渣換成木屑,其餘細節與比較例1相同,以獲得比較例3的木屑。 Comparative Example 3: The coffee grounds of Comparative Example 1 were replaced with wood chips, and other details were the same as those of Comparative Example 1 to obtain wood chips of Comparative Example 3.
比較例4:係將比較例2的咖啡渣換成木屑,其餘細節與比較例1相 同,以獲得比較例4的生物炭,生物炭的質量為12克,產率為60%。 Comparative Example 4: The coffee grounds of Comparative Example 2 were replaced with wood chips, and the remaining details were the same as those of Comparative Example 1. In the same way, to obtain the biochar of Comparative Example 4, the mass of the biochar was 12 grams, and the yield was 60%.
實施例6及比較例3、4的木屑取自行道樹經修剪所得的廢棄木材(即行道樹廢棄物)。 The wood chips of Example 6 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were obtained from waste wood obtained by pruning road trees (ie, road tree waste).
<實施例及比較例的性質量測><Sexual Quality Measurement of Examples and Comparative Examples>
1. SEM觀察結果 1. SEM observation results
將比較例1、比較例2、實施例1以SEM觀察表面形貌,結果分別如第3圖至第5圖所示。由第3圖至第5圖可知,相較於比較例1、2,依據本發明的實施例1的多孔生物炭,其表面有明顯的孔洞形貌。 The surface morphology of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Example 1 was observed by SEM, and the results were shown in Figures 3 to 5, respectively. It can be seen from Figures 3 to 5 that, compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the porous biochar according to Example 1 of the present invention has obvious pore morphology on the surface.
2.總孔體積及比表面積的量測 2. Measurement of total pore volume and specific surface area
將比較例1、2及實施例4以比表面積分析儀(型號為PMI BET sorptometer CBET-201A),利用氮氣吸脫附特性,量測比較例1、2及實施例4的比表面積及總孔體積,結果如表二所示。 The comparative examples 1, 2 and 4 were measured with a specific surface area analyzer (model: PMI BET sorptometer CBET-201A), using nitrogen adsorption and desorption characteristics, to measure the specific surface areas and total pores of comparative examples 1, 2 and 4. The results are shown in Table 2.
由表二可知,相較於比較例1、2,依據本發明的實施例4的多孔生物炭,其具有明顯提升的比表面積及總孔體積。 It can be seen from Table 2 that, compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the porous biochar according to Example 4 of the present invention has significantly improved specific surface area and total pore volume.
3.孔徑的量測 3. Aperture measurement
將比較例2與實施例1進行孔徑量測(量測儀器型號為PMI BET sorptometer CBET-201A)。量測結果如第6圖所示,由第6圖可知,比較例2的孔洞主要以介孔為主,而實施例1的孔洞主要以介孔及大孔為主。藉此可提高非極性物質的吸附效能。 The pore size measurement of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 (the measuring instrument model is PMI BET) sorptometer CBET-201A). The measurement results are shown in Fig. 6. It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the pores of Comparative Example 2 are mainly mesopores, while the pores of Example 1 are mainly mesopores and macropores. Thereby, the adsorption performance of non-polar substances can be improved.
4.抗菌性測試 4. Antibacterial test
將比較例2與實施例1進行抗菌性測試,進行方式如下:將比較例2與實施例1存放在濕度超過75%、溫度25℃至28℃的環境為期一個月,並觀察測試前後的外觀。請參照第7圖,其中照片A、B分別是比較例2在第0天及經過一個月後的拍攝結果,由照片A、B可知,在測試開始時,比較例2並未發霉,而歷經一個月後,比較例2的表面可觀察到白色的黴菌。照片C、D分別為實施例1在第0天及經過一個月後的拍攝結果,由照片C、D可知,在測試前後,實施例1的外觀沒有變化(即未觀察到黴菌)。顯示依據本發明的多孔生物炭具有抗菌能力,有利於長時間存放。 The antibacterial properties of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 were tested in the following manner: Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 were stored in an environment with a humidity exceeding 75% and a temperature of 25°C to 28°C for one month, and the appearance before and after the test was observed. . Please refer to Fig. 7, in which photos A and B are the shooting results of Comparative Example 2 on the 0th day and one month later. It can be seen from photos A and B that at the beginning of the test, Comparative Example 2 did not get moldy, but after One month later, white molds were observed on the surface of Comparative Example 2. Photos C and D are the shooting results of Example 1 on the 0th day and one month later. It can be seen from photos C and D that the appearance of Example 1 did not change before and after the test (that is, no mold was observed). It is shown that the porous biochar according to the present invention has antibacterial ability, which is favorable for long-term storage.
5.吸油能力測試 5. Oil absorption ability test
將實施例1~6及比較例1~4進行吸油能力測試。首先,將實施例1~6及比較例1~4的產物(粉末狀)放在四位數天平上的平板玻璃上,並堆疊成圓柱體,圓柱體的體積為0.3cm3,並記錄各實施例1~6及比較例1~4的產物吸油前的質量(M1)。然後將柴油緩慢地滴在圓柱體的表面上,直到圓柱體的表面略微潤濕停止並記錄其重量,作為各實施例1~6及比較例1~4的產物吸油後的質量(M2),各實施例1~6及比較例1~4吸油能力(B)的計算方法如下:B=(M2-M1)/M1,單位為克/克(g/g)。實施例1~5及比較例1~2的吸油能力測試結果如表三所示,實施例6及比較例3~4的吸油能力測試結果如表四所示。 The oil absorption capacity test of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was carried out. First, the products (powdered) of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were placed on a flat glass on a four-digit balance, and stacked into a cylinder, the volume of which was 0.3 cm 3 , and the volume of each cylinder was recorded. Mass (M1) before oil absorption of the products of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4. Then slowly drop the diesel oil on the surface of the cylinder until the surface of the cylinder is slightly wetted and stop and record its weight as the mass (M2) after oil absorption of the products of each of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, The calculation method of the oil absorption capacity (B) of each of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 is as follows: B=(M2-M1)/M1, and the unit is gram/gram (g/g). The oil absorption capacity test results of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 3, and the oil absorption capacity test results of Embodiment 6 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 are shown in Table 4.
由表三可知,當生質物材料都是咖啡渣時,相較於比較例1(僅經過研磨、過篩處理)的咖啡渣,本發明實施例1~5的多孔生物炭的吸油能力皆優於比較例1,另比較實施例1、4及比較例2,當熱化學轉化步驟的溫度、時間相同時,實施例1、4的吸油能力優於比較例2,顯示藉由含浸步驟有利於提升吸油能力。 It can be seen from Table 3 that when the biomass materials are all coffee grounds, compared with the coffee grounds of Comparative Example 1 (only ground and sieved), the oil absorption capacity of the porous biochars of Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention are all better. In Comparative Example 1, and comparing Examples 1, 4 and 2, when the temperature and time of the thermochemical conversion step are the same, the oil absorption capacity of Examples 1 and 4 is better than that of Comparative Example 2, which shows that the impregnation step is beneficial. Improve oil absorption capacity.
由表四可知,當生質物材料都是木屑時,相較於比較例3(僅經過研磨、過篩處理)的木屑,本發明實施例6的多孔生物炭的吸油能力優於比較例3,另比較實施例6及比較例4,當熱化學轉化步驟的溫度、時間相同時,實施例6的吸油能力優於比較例4,顯示藉由含浸步驟有利於提升吸油能力。 As can be seen from Table 4, when the biomass materials are all wood chips, compared with the wood chips of Comparative Example 3 (only subjected to grinding and sieving treatment), the oil absorption capacity of the porous biochar of Example 6 of the present invention is better than that of Comparative Example 3, In addition, comparing Example 6 and Comparative Example 4, when the temperature and time of the thermochemical conversion step are the same, the oil absorption capacity of Example 6 is better than that of Comparative Example 4, indicating that the impregnation step is beneficial to improve the oil absorption capacity.
另由表三、表四可知,本發明實施例1~6的多孔生物炭具有提升的吸油能力,顯示依據本發明實施例1~6的多孔生物炭具有疏水性。 In addition, it can be seen from Tables 3 and 4 that the porous biochars of Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention have improved oil absorption capacity, indicating that the porous biochars of Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention have hydrophobicity.
6.熱值的量測 6. Measurement of calorific value
將比較例3、4及實施例6進行熱值量測,並將比較例3、4及實施例6進行過吸油能力測試的產物進行熱值量測,藉以獲得比較例3、4及實施例6吸油及吸油後的熱值。熱值的量測方法是依據美國材料與試驗協會ASTM E872。熱值量測結果如表五所示。 The comparative examples 3, 4 and 6 were subjected to calorific value measurement, and the products of the comparative examples 3, 4 and 6 that had been tested for oil absorption capacity were subjected to calorific value measurement, so as to obtain the comparative examples 3, 4 and the embodiment. 6 The calorific value after oil absorption and oil absorption. The calorific value is measured according to ASTM E872 of the American Society for Testing and Materials. The calorific value measurement results are shown in Table 5.
由表五可知,當生質物材料都是木屑時,相較於比較例3(僅經過研磨、過篩處理)的木屑,本發明實施例6的多孔生物炭吸油前、吸油後的熱值皆優於比較例3,另比較實施例6及比較例4,當熱化學轉化步驟的溫度、時間相同時,實施例6的吸油前的熱值略遜於比較例4,然而實施例6的吸油後的熱值優於比較例4,顯示本發明多孔生物炭的製造方法所獲得的多孔生物炭,可具有提升的吸油量,進而使其所製成的複合燃料,具有提升的熱值。 As can be seen from Table 5, when the biomass materials are all wood chips, compared with the wood chips of Comparative Example 3 (only after grinding and sieving), the calorific value of the porous biochar of Example 6 of the present invention before oil absorption and after oil absorption are all. Better than Comparative Example 3, and comparing Example 6 and Comparative Example 4, when the temperature and time of the thermochemical conversion step are the same, the calorific value before the oil absorption of Example 6 is slightly inferior to that of Comparative Example 4, but the oil absorption of Example 6 The latter calorific value is better than that of Comparative Example 4, which shows that the porous biochar obtained by the method for producing porous biochar of the present invention can have an increased oil absorption, thereby making the composite fuel made of it have an increased calorific value.
綜上所述,本發明之多孔生物炭的製造方法,可製造出具有複數個孔洞及疏水性的多孔生物炭。本發明之多孔生物炭具有抗菌能力,有利於長時間存放。多孔生物炭可用於吸附非極性物質,因此可用於吸收工業及家庭所排放之廢氣及廢液中的非極性物質,也可用於回收海洋漏油,有利於改善環境污染的問題。將本發明之多孔生物炭用於吸收有機非極性物質後,可形成複合燃料,其可作為石化燃料的替代能源,而有助於改善能源短缺的問題。本發明之多孔生物炭可優選地使用生質物廢棄物作為原料,有利於循環經濟的發展。 To sum up, the method for producing porous biochar of the present invention can produce porous biochar having a plurality of pores and hydrophobicity. The porous biochar of the present invention has antibacterial ability and is favorable for long-term storage. Porous biochar can be used to adsorb non-polar substances, so it can be used to absorb non-polar substances in waste gas and waste liquids discharged by industries and households, and can also be used to recover marine oil spills, which is beneficial to improve the problem of environmental pollution. After the porous biochar of the present invention is used to absorb organic non-polar substances, a composite fuel can be formed, which can be used as an alternative energy source for fossil fuels and help to improve the problem of energy shortage. The porous biochar of the present invention can preferably use biomass waste as raw material, which is beneficial to the development of circular economy.
以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例,凡依本發明申請專利範圍所做之均等變化與修飾,皆應屬本發明之涵蓋範圍。 The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
100:多孔生物炭的製造方法 100: Manufacturing method of porous biochar
110~130:步驟 110~130: Steps
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