TWI762223B - Electrical connector - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrical connector comprising an insulating body and a plurality of conductive ends. The insulating body has a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the insulating body has a plurality of holes which make the tip surface and the bottom surface pass through. The plurality of conductive ends are inserted into the holes, and respectively has a first portion and a second portion with a curved portion therebetween. A portion of the first portion locates in the holes and the other portion of the first portion protrudes from the top end. The second portion is attached on the bottom surface and extends along the bottom surface. Edge of the first portion and the second portion opposite to the curved portion respectively have a first trapezoid structure and a second trapezoid structure. A first acute angle between extending directions of the first portion and the first trapezoid structure and a second acute angle between extending directions of the second portion and the second trapezoid structure range from 13 degree to 23 degree.

Description

electrical connector

The present invention relates to electrical connectors; in particular, the present invention relates to electrical connectors capable of achieving high data throughput by reducing interference.

In the prior art, connectors with a pin header structure have been introduced. However, when transmitting data at high frequencies, various interferences such as electromagnetic (EMI) interference, far-end and near-end crosstalk interference, etc. are generated due to factors such as antenna effects. Therefore, Difficult to achieve high data throughput.

Therefore, reducing interference is one of the keys to achieving high frequency and high transmission speed.

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrical connector that reduces the occurrence of various interferences at high frequencies by improving the materials of the contact terminals and the insulating body.

The invention provides an electrical connector comprising an insulating body and a plurality of conductive terminals. The insulating body has a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the insulating body has a plurality of holes connecting the top surface and the bottom surface. The plurality of conductive terminals are inserted into the holes, and have a first portion and a second portion located on opposite sides of the bending point. In the first part and the second part, the edges opposite to the bending point have a first trapezoid structure and a second trapezoid structure, respectively. At least a portion of the first portion is located in the hole, and at least a portion protrudes from the top surface. the first At least a part of the two parts is attached to the bottom surface and extends along the bottom surface. On a plane, the first part and the first trapezoid structure and the second part and the second trapezoid structure form a first acute angle and a second acute angle respectively. Both the first acute angle and the second acute angle are between 13 degrees and 23 degrees.

By setting the first acute angle and the second acute angle within the range of 13 degrees to 23 degrees, the antenna effect can be suppressed, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) can be increased, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) can be reduced, and the near-end crosstalk interference and the far-end crosstalk can be reduced. End crosstalk interference, etc., to achieve high-frequency high-speed transmission of high data volume.

1: Electrical connector

10: Insulation body

11: Holes

11A: The first row of holes

11B: Second row of holes

12: Top surface

13: Underside

20: Contact terminal

20A: first contact terminal

20B: Second contact terminal

21: Bending point

22: Part One

23: Part II

22A: The first ladder structure

23B: Second ladder structure

D1: first direction

D2: Second direction

d1: spacing

d2: spacing

d3: spacing

h: size

t: thickness

L1: size

θ1: the first acute angle

θ2: second acute angle

FIG. 1A is a three-dimensional schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the electrical connector of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the electrical connector of the present invention viewed from another direction.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the insulating body of the electrical connector of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B before the contact terminals are installed.

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the contact terminals in the electrical connector of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B .

4A is a side view showing an embodiment of the electrical connector of the present invention.

FIG. 4B is a side view from another direction of an embodiment of the electrical connector of the present invention shown.

FIG. 5A shows the test result of differential impedance (Differential Impedance) when the electrical connector of the present invention is applied to USB 3.2 Gen 1.

FIG. 5B shows the test result of differential return loss when the electrical connector of the present invention is applied to USB 3.2 Gen 1.

FIG. 5C shows the result of Differential Insertion Loss when the electrical connector of the present invention is applied to USB 3.2 Gen 1.

FIG. 5D shows the result of differential near-end crosstalk interference (Differential Near End Crosstalk) when the electrical connector of the present invention is applied to USB 3.2 Gen 1.

FIG. 5E shows the result of Differential Far End Crosstalk (Differential Far End Crosstalk) when the electrical connector of the present invention is applied to USB 3.2 Gen 1.

FIG. 6A shows the test result of differential impedance (Differential Impedance) when the electrical connector of the present invention is applied to USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type C.

FIG. 6B shows the test result of differential return loss when the electrical connector of the present invention is applied to USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type C.

FIG. 6C shows the result of Differential Insertion Loss when the electrical connector of the present invention is applied to USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type C.

FIG. 6D shows the result of differential near-end crosstalk interference (Differential Near End Crosstalk) when the electrical connector of the present invention is applied to USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type C.

FIG. 6E shows the result of Differential Far End Crosstalk (Differential Far End Crosstalk) when the electrical connector of the present invention is applied to USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type C.

In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, panels, regions, etc., are exaggerated for clarity. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "connected to" another element, it can be directly on or connected to the other element, or Intermediate elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" or "directly connected to" another element, there are no intervening elements present. as described herein As used, "connected" may refer to a physical and/or electrical connection. Furthermore, "electrically connected" or "coupled" refers to the existence of other elements between the two elements.

It will be understood that, although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, and/or or parts shall not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, "a first element," "component," "region," "layer" or "section" discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings herein.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be construed as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the related art and the present invention, and are not to be construed as idealized or excessive Formal meaning, unless expressly defined as such herein.

Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. Thus, variations in the shapes of the illustrations as a result of, for example, manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as shown herein, but rather include deviations in shapes resulting from, for example, manufacturing. For example, regions illustrated or described as flat may typically have rough and/or nonlinear features. Additionally, the acute angles shown may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

Please refer to FIGS. 1A-1B and FIG. 2 together. FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic perspective views of the electrical connector 1 of the present invention viewed from different directions. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B , the electrical connector 1 includes absolutely The insulating body 10 and a plurality of contact terminals 20 are shown in FIG. 2 , and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the insulating body 10 before the contact terminals 20 are not installed in the electrical connector of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B .

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 , the insulating body 10 has a top surface 12 and a bottom surface 13 , wherein the insulating body 10 has a plurality of holes 11 connecting the top surface 12 and the bottom surface 13 . In this embodiment, the plurality of holes 11 include a plurality of first rows of holes 11A and a plurality of second rows of holes 11B that are arranged at equal distances along the first direction D1, so that the first row of holes 11A and the second row of holes Line 11B is arranged in parallel. In this embodiment, the plurality of holes 11 may include the same number of the first row of holes 11A and the second row of holes 11B, for example, the number of the first row of holes 11A and the second row of holes 11B is 4 to 12 respectively, One of the first row of holes 11A is matched with a corresponding one of the second row of holes 11B. Therefore, in this embodiment, the holes 11 are arranged in an array of 2×4˜12, but the number and arrangement of the holes 11 in the present invention are not limited thereto.

In this embodiment, the hole diameters of the first row of holes 11A and the second row of holes 11B are both 0.4 mm, but the invention is not limited to this.

Please refer to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B again, a plurality of conductive terminals 20 are inserted into the corresponding holes 11 . Specifically, the plurality of conductive terminals 20 include a plurality of first conductive terminals 20A inserted in the first row of holes 11A and a plurality of second conductive terminals 20B inserted in the second row of holes 11B, so that each first The conductive terminal 20A is matched with a corresponding one of the second conductive terminals 20B. In this embodiment, the material of the first conductive terminal 20A and the second conductive terminal 20B is brass, preferably C2700, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In this embodiment, the thickness t of the insulating body is preferably 1.0 mm, and the dimension h along the second direction D2 different from the first direction D1 is preferably 3.4 mm. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are, for example, The directions are perpendicular to each other, but the present invention is not limited by this, and can be adjusted according to the actual connector product specifications.

Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a schematic plan view of the contact terminal 20 in the electrical connector 1 of the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3 , each contact terminal 20 has a bending point 21 , and the contact terminal 20 is divided into a first part 22 and a second part 23 located on opposite sides of the bending point 21 . In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B , the extending directions of the first portion 22 and the second portion 23 are different from each other. Specifically, the first portion 22 extends along the direction of the thickness t of the insulating body, and at least a portion of which extends along the direction of the thickness t of the insulating body. It is located in the hole 11 , and at least a part thereof protrudes from the top surface 12 . In another direction, as shown in FIG. 1B , at least a part of the second portion 23 is attached to the bottom surface 13 and extends along the second direction D2 . In this embodiment, the second portion 23 of the first conductive terminal 20A and the second portion 23 of the second conductive terminal 20B extend in opposite directions.

Please refer to FIG. 3 again, the first portion 22 and the second portion 23 respectively have a first trapezoid structure 22A and a second trapezoid structure 23A at the edges opposite to the inflection point 21 . In this embodiment, a first acute angle θ1 is formed between the first portion 22 and the extending direction of the first trapezoidal structure 22A, and a second acute angle θ2 is formed between the extending direction of the second portion 23 and the second trapezoidal structure 23A, The first acute angle θ1 and the second acute angle θ2 are in the range of 13 degrees to 23 degrees. By making the first acute angle θ1 and the second acute angle θ2 within this range, it can prevent the antenna effect caused by high-frequency high-speed transmission of high data volume, increase electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and Reduce near-end crosstalk interference and far-end crosstalk interference. In the present embodiment, each of the first conductive terminals 20A and the second conductive terminals 20B preferably have the same or substantially the same structure and size, so that the matching first conductive terminals 20A and the second conductive terminals 20B have insulating bodies. The centers of 10 are arranged in an axisymmetric manner.

Please refer to FIGS. 4A and 4B together. FIGS. 4A and 4B are side views of an embodiment of the electrical connector 1 viewed from different directions, respectively. As shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B , each conductive terminal 20 (including the first conductive terminal 20A and the second conductive terminal 20B) protrudes from the insulating body 10 with a dimension L1 (length degrees) is preferably 2.0 mm. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4A , for example, the distance d1 between the matching first conductive terminals 20A and the second conductive terminals 20B may be 1.27 mm, and the second ladder structures 23A and the second matching first conductive terminals 20A The distance d2 between the second ladder structures 23A of the conductive terminals 20B may be 4.5 mm. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4B , the distance d3 between one of the first conductive terminals 20A (second conductive terminals 20B) and the adjacent other first conductive terminal 20A (second conductive terminal 20B) can also be 1.27 Therefore, in this embodiment, each conductive terminal 20 is arranged at an equal distance from the adjacent conductive terminals 20 .

Please refer to the results in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, when the material of the insulating body 10 is liquid crystal polymer (LCP E130i) and PA6T series, the detected values of the dielectric constant and the dielectric dissipation factor according to IEC60250 (in below both frequencies of 1MHz and 10GHz). As shown in Table 1, the dielectric constant of the insulating body 10 using liquid crystal polymer (LCP E130i) remains within a relatively small range (3.6 to 3.8) at 1MHz or 10GHz. On the other hand, the PA6T series The dielectric constant of the insulating body 10 has a large jumping range (3.3 to 4.3) at a frequency of 10 GHz. Therefore, the insulating body 10 using the liquid crystal polymer (LCP E130i) can stabilize the dielectric constant compared to the insulating body 10 using the PA6T series. Also, at a frequency of 10 GHz, the insulating body 10 using the liquid crystal polymer (LCP E130i) has a smaller dielectric dissipation factor than the insulating body 10 using the PA6T series.

From the above results, although the material of the insulating body 10 of the present invention is not particularly limited, according to the consideration of improving electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), it is preferable to use liquid crystal polymer (LCP), and it is preferable to choose 10GHz A liquid crystal polymer (LCP) capable of maintaining a dielectric constant (according to IEC60250) between 3.6 and 3.8 at a frequency of 10 GHz and a dielectric dissipation factor of about 0.007 at a frequency of 10 GHz.

Next, plug the electrical connector 1 and the female header structure (the female header uses C5200 copper alloy, not shown), and then use the CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software of Huasheng Technology Co., Ltd. for signal integrity. (SI) simulation test. The results showed good test results when applied to the communication protocols of USB3.2 Gen1 (5Gbps) and USB3.2 Gen2 Type C (10Gbps).

Among them, the following shows the differential impedance (Differential Impedance), differential return loss (Differential Return Loss), differential insertion loss (Differential Insertion Loss), differential near-end crosstalk when applicable to USB3.2 Gen1 (5Gbps) (Differential Impedance) Near End Crosstalk) and Differential Far End Crosstalk (Differential Far End Crosstalk) test results.

Table 2 shows the qualified conditions of various test items under various frequencies and other conditions. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5E respectively show the differential impedance (Differential Impedance), differential return loss (Differential Return Loss), differential characteristic impedance (Differential Return Loss), differential characteristic impedance (Differential Return Loss) when the electrical connector 1 is applied to USB3.2 Gen1 (the amount of data transmission is 5Gbps) Test results of Differential Insertion Loss, Differential Near End Crosstalk and Differential Far End Crosstalk.

As shown in Figure 5A, the differential characteristic impedance falls within the acceptable reference (75-105Ω) from 0ns to 0.6ns. As shown in FIG. 5B and FIG. 5C , under the frequency of 0 to 20 GHz, the differential return loss (Differential Return Loss) and the differential insertion loss (Differential Insertion Loss) are all within the acceptable range of the above (Table 2).

As shown in Figure 5D, except for some frequencies (2-2.5GHz) that slightly exceed the critical value (-32dB), under the frequencies of 0 to 12GHz, the differential near-end crosstalk (Differential Near End Crosstalk) The dB values are all within the standard values shown in Table 2. When the frequency is above 12GHz (no standard value is set), it remains less than -10dB.

As shown in Figure 5E, when the standard value of differential near-end crosstalk interference is regarded as the qualified standard of differential far-end crosstalk interference (Differential Far End Crosstalk), under the frequency of 0 to 12GHz, the differential far-end crosstalk interference ( Differential Far End Crosstalk) dB values are all within the standard range. And when the frequency is above 12GHz (no standard value is set), it remains less than -10dB.

From the above test results, when the electrical connector 1 is applied to the communication protocol of USB3.2 Gen1 (the amount of data transmission is 5Gbps), a substantially complete communication can be achieved (that is, the results of each test are approximately within the range of the standard value). ). In the following test, when the electrical connector 1 is applied to the communication protocol of USB3.2 Gen2 Type C (the data transmission rate is 10Gbps), a substantially complete communication can also be achieved (data not shown).

As shown in Figure 6A, the differential characteristic impedance falls within the acceptable reference (76-94Ω) from 0ns to 0.6ns. As shown in FIG. 6B and FIG. 6C , under the frequency of 0 to 20 GHz, the differential return loss (Differential Return Loss) and the differential insertion loss (Differential Insertion Loss) are both within the acceptable range of the above (Table 2).

As shown in Fig. 6D, except for some frequencies (5.0GHz and 10GHz range) below the threshold slightly exceeding the threshold (-26dB and -20dB, respectively), under the frequency of 0 to 12GHz, the differential near-end crosstalk The dB values of the interference (Differential Near End Crosstalk) are all within the standard values shown in Table 2. Especially when the frequency is greater than 10GHz, it is stably maintained at less than -10dB (the qualified reference when the frequency is 10-12GHz).

As shown in Figure 6E, when the standard value of differential near-end crosstalk interference is regarded as the qualified standard of differential far-end crosstalk interference (Differential Far End Crosstalk), under the frequency of 0 to 12 GHz, differential far-end crosstalk interference ( Differential Far End Crosstalk) dB values are all within the standard range. And when the frequency is above 12GHz (no standard value is set), it remains less than -10dB.

It can be seen that when the electrical connector 1 of the present invention is applied to the communication protocol of USB 3.2 Gen1 or USB 3.2 Gen2 Type C, it has good signal integrity (SI). Especially when applied to USB 3.2 Gen2 Type C, the electrical connector 1 is sufficient to transmit a high data transmission rate of up to 10Gbps.

The present invention has been described by the above-mentioned related embodiments, however, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of implementing the present invention. It must be pointed out that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. On the contrary, modifications and equivalent arrangements within the spirit and scope of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

1: Electrical connector

10: Insulation body

12: Top surface

20: Contact terminal

20A: first contact terminal

20B: Second contact terminal

21: Bending point

23: Part II

22A: The first ladder structure

23B: Second ladder structure

D1: first direction

D2: Second direction

Claims (12)

An electrical connector, comprising: an insulating body with a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the insulating body has a plurality of holes for connecting the top surface and the bottom surface; and a plurality of conductive terminals inserted in the holes Among them, the conductive terminals all have a first part and a second part located on opposite sides of a bending point, wherein the edges of the first part and the second part opposite to the bending point respectively have a first ladder type structure and a second trapezoidal structure, at least a part of the first part is located in the holes and at least a part protrudes from the top surface, at least a part of the second part is attached to the bottom surface and extends along the bottom surface, on a plane , a first acute angle is formed between the first part and the extending direction of the first trapezoidal structure, and on a plane, a second acute angle is formed between the second part and the extending direction of the second trapezoidal structure. An acute angle and the second acute angle are in the range of 13 degrees to 23 degrees, the material of the insulating body is liquid crystal polymer (LCP), and the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal polymer according to IEC60250 at a frequency of 10 GHz is 3.6 to 3.8. The electrical connector according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of holes comprises a plurality of first rows of holes and a plurality of second rows of holes which are respectively arranged at equal distances along a first direction, and the first rows of holes The holes and the holes in the second row are arranged in parallel, and the conductive terminals include a plurality of first conductive terminals inserted in the holes in the first row and a plurality of conductive terminals inserted in the holes in the second row. Two conductive terminals, And, the second portion extends along a second direction different from the first direction. The electrical connector according to claim 2, wherein the second portions of the first conductive terminals and the second portions of the second conductive terminals extend toward opposite directions. The electrical connector according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal polymer has a dielectric dissipation factor according to IEC60250 of 0.007 at a frequency of 10 GHz. According to the electrical connector of claim 1, the conductive terminals are made of brass. The electrical connector according to claim 2, wherein each of the first conductive terminals is matched with one of the second conductive terminals, and the matching first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal are matched The spacing between them is 1.27 mm, the spacing between the adjacent first conductive terminals is 1.27 mm, and the spacing between the adjacent second conductive terminals is 1.27 mm. According to the electrical connector of claim 1, the diameter of the holes is 0.4 mm. According to the electrical connector of claim 1, the length of the portion of the first portion protruding from the top surface is 2.0 mm. According to the electrical connector of claim 6, the distance between the matching second ladder structures of the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal is 4.5 mm. The electrical connector according to item 2 of the claimed scope, wherein the dimension of the insulating body along the second direction is 3.4 mm. The electrical connector according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the insulating body is 1.0 mm. The electrical connector according to item 1 of the claimed scope, wherein the electrical connector conforms to the communication protocol of USB 3.2 Gen1 or USB 3.2 Gen2 Type C.

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