TWI758953B - Method for measuring elastic modulus of refractory clay - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for measuring the elastic modulus of refractory clay is provided, and includes the following steps: (a) performing an elastic modulus measurement on a brick to obtain a first elastic modulus of the brick; (b) cutting the brick into a first cut brick and a second cut brick; (c) applying a refractory clay between the first and second cut bricks to form a composite brick; (d) performing the elastic modulus measurement on the composite bricks to obtain a second elastic modulus of the composite brick; (e1) executing a stress simulation program to establish a model of the composite brick; (f) substituting an assumed elastic modulus of the refractory clay and the first elastic modulus into the model to perform the simulation , so as to obtain a simulated elastic modulus of the composite brick; and (g) performing step (f) repeatedly until the difference between the simulated elastic modulus and the second elastic modulus is within a preset range, and the assumed elastic modulus of the refractory clay substituted for the last time is set to the elastic modulus of the refractory clay.

Description

Method for measuring elastic modulus of refractory clay

This case is about a measuring method of refractory clay, especially a measuring method of elastic modulus of refractory clay.

Refractory clay can be used to absorb deformation of shaped bricks, resist stress and mechanical impact, and also prevent the penetration of furnace gas / flue gas. It is an indispensable material in the application process of furnace lining. However, since the refractory clay is brittle, it is not easy to measure its elastic modulus, so that the description of the elastic modulus of the refractory clay has been lacking in the past. However, when analyzing the stress distribution of the furnace lining, the refractory mud that can absorb deformation and impact is a non-negligible composition. If the refractory mud is regarded as a shaped brick, the stress will be overestimated, and more expansion joints are needed when laying bricks. width, or the need to use shaped bricks with higher crushing strength, resulting in an excessive design margin, which is not conducive to accurately grasping the operation of the furnace lining and reducing costs.

The conventional method of measuring refractory clay is mostly the same as that of refractory bricks. After applying a normal force to a piece of refractory clay, measure the curve of its stress and strain, and then calculate the slope of the linear region to obtain the elastic modulus, but this method has Several drawbacks. First, the refractory clay used for bricklaying is usually in the form of a film, and its thickness is about 3mm (mm), but the conventional measurement methods are mostly block-shaped, and the thickness is at the cm (centimeter) level, which is affected by the scale effect. The conventional measurement methods are not easy to accurately reflect the elastic modulus of the refractory clay in the actual structure. Additionally, thicker samples are less likely to be uniform during preparation and take longer to dry before testing. Second, if a film-like (eg, millimeter scale) refractory clay is to be prepared, it is not easy to form without an adherable substrate (eg, refractory brick) and the thickness of the film is not uniform, making it difficult to measure and repeat verification. measurement results.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for measuring the elastic modulus of refractory clay to solve the problems existing in the conventional technology.

One object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the elastic modulus of refractory clay, which can effectively obtain the actual elastic modulus of the thinned refractory clay.

In order to achieve the above object, the method for measuring the elastic modulus of the refractory mud comprises the following steps: (a) measuring the elastic modulus of the brick to obtain the first elastic modulus of the brick; (b) cutting the brick to obtain the first elastic modulus of the brick; a cut brick and a second cut brick; (c) applying refractory mud between the first cut brick and the second cut brick to form a composite brick; (d) measuring the modulus of elasticity of the composite brick to obtain the second elastic modulus of the composite brick; (e1) using the stress simulation software to build a model of the composite brick; (f) substituting the assumed elastic modulus and the first elastic modulus of the refractory clay into the model for simulation to obtain the simulated elastic modulus of the composite brick; and (g) repeating step (f) until the difference between the simulated elastic modulus and the second elastic modulus is within a predetermined range, the assumed elastic modulus of the refractory cement imported at this time Set to the modulus of elasticity of the refractory clay.

其中L _b1為第一切割磚材的高度，L _b2為第二切割磚材的高度，L _m為耐火泥的高度，E _b為第一彈性模數，E _eq為第二彈性模數，E _m為耐火泥的彈性模數。 The present invention also provides a method for measuring the elastic modulus of refractory mud, comprising the following steps: (a) measuring the elastic modulus of the brick to obtain the first elastic modulus of the brick; (b) cutting the brick to obtain the first elastic modulus cut bricks and second cut bricks; (c) apply refractory mud between the first cut bricks and second cut bricks to form composite bricks; (d) measure the modulus of elasticity of the composite bricks to Obtain the second elastic modulus of the composite brick; (e2) Use the equivalent elastic modulus relationship to obtain the elastic modulus of the refractory clay, and the equivalent elastic modulus relationship is:

Wherein L _b1 is the height of the first cut brick, L _b2 is the height of the second cut brick, L _m is the height of the refractory clay, E _b is the first elastic modulus, E _eq is the second elastic modulus, E _m is the elastic modulus of the refractory clay.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the step (a) includes drying the bricks to remove moisture, and/or the step (d) includes drying the composite bricks to remove moisture.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the elastic modulus measurement includes the following steps: applying a normal force to the object to be tested; measuring the stress and strain curve of the object to be tested; and calculating the slope of the stress and strain curve to obtain the object to be tested modulus of elasticity.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the normal force applied in the elastic modulus measurement is perpendicular to the cut surfaces of the first cut tile and the second cut tile.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the heights of the first cut brick and the second cut brick are the same.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the height of the refractory mud is between 1 and 5 mm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the height of the refractory mortar is smaller than the heights of the first cut brick and the second cut brick.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the refractory clay is used together with bricks in a furnace lining.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the size and material of the simulated brick and simulated refractory mortar used in the model are the same as the size and material of the first cut brick, the second cut brick and the refractory mortar in the composite brick.

Through the above measurement method, the actual elastic modulus of the thinned refractory clay can be effectively obtained, and the absolute error of the accuracy is less than 10%, which is sufficient for practical application.

The following examples are described in detail with the accompanying drawings, so as to better understand the aspect of the present disclosure, but the provided examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, and the description of the structure and operation is not intended to be used. In order to limit the order of its execution, any recombination of components, resulting in an apparatus with equal efficacy, is within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, according to industry standards and common practices, the drawings are only for the purpose of auxiliary description and are not drawn according to the original size. In fact, the dimensions of various features can be arbitrarily increased or decreased for the convenience of description. In the following description, the same elements will be denoted by the same symbols to facilitate understanding.

Unless otherwise specified, the terms used throughout the specification and the scope of the patent application generally have the ordinary meaning of each term used in the field, in the content disclosed herein and in the specific content. Certain terms used to describe the present disclosure are discussed below or elsewhere in this specification to provide those skilled in the art with additional guidance in describing the present disclosure.

As used herein, "about", "approximately" or "approximately" is generally generally within twenty percent, preferably within ten percent, and more preferably within twenty percent of the error or range of the index value. is within five percent. If there is no explicit description in the text, the numerical values mentioned are considered as approximate values, for example, the errors or ranges expressed as "about", "approximately" or "approximately", or other approximate values.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B together. FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method 100 for measuring elastic modulus of refractory clay according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a tile 210 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a composite brick 230 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In step 110 , the brick 210 as shown in FIG. 2A is provided, and the elastic modulus of the brick 210 is measured to obtain the elastic modulus of the brick 210 . In some embodiments, the bricks 210 to be measured are actually refractory bricks used in the furnace lining, and are used together with the refractory mortar to be measured later. The bricks 210 may be SGT-N, for example. In this embodiment, the height H1 of the brick material 210 may be 100 mm.

In some embodiments, the bricks 210 may be dried to remove moisture, and then the elastic modulus of the bricks 210 is measured.

The elastic modulus measurement is performed by placing the brick 210 on a stress measuring instrument (not shown). Generally speaking, the object to be tested (eg, brick 210 ) is placed on the loading platform of the stress measuring instrument, and the instrument is placed above the object to be tested (ie, the side of the object to be tested opposite to the loading platform) along the A normal force F (ie, stress) is applied in the height direction of the object to be tested, and the strain of the object to be tested under the stress is measured at the same time. Different strains of the object to be tested can be obtained by applying different stresses, and then the curve of stress and strain of the object to be tested can be obtained. As shown in FIG. 3A , FIG. 3A is a graph of stress and strain of the brick 210 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein the curves C1 , C2 , and C3 respectively represent the bricks The stress and strain changes of 210 measured in the environment of 500 ℃, 300 ℃ and normal temperature, in this embodiment, the model of the brick 210 is SGT-N. Next, the slope of the stress-strain curve can be calculated to obtain the elastic modulus of the brick 210 . In this embodiment, the elastic modulus of the brick 210 at room temperature is 2.00GPa (billion Pascals), the elastic modulus at 300°C is 2.25GPa, and the elastic modulus at 500°C is 2.40GPa.

Next, in step 120 , the brick 210 is cut in the height direction of the brick 210 to obtain the first cut brick 231 and the second cut brick 232 . In other words, the length L and the width W of the brick 210, the first cut brick 231 and the second cut brick 232 are all the same. In some embodiments, the height H2 of the first cut brick 231 and the height H3 of the second cut brick 232 are the same, and H2+H3=H1. In this embodiment, H2=H3=50mm, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the height H2 of the first cut brick 231 and the height H3 of the second cut brick 232 may also be different, but it should be noted that the cutting of the first cut brick 231 and the second cut brick 232 The whole surface is uniform and parallel to the respective non-cut surfaces, so that when the elastic modulus of the composite brick 230 is measured later, the applied normal force can be evenly distributed between the first cut brick 231 and the first cut brick 231. The second cut brick 232 , that is, the applied normal force will be perpendicular to the cutting surfaces of the first cut brick 231 and the second cut brick 232 .

Next, in step 130 , a layer of refractory mud 233 is applied between the first cut brick 231 and the second cut brick 232 and joined together to form a composite brick 230 . As mentioned earlier, the model of the refractory clay 233 is used together with the previous model of the brick 210. In this embodiment, the model of the refractory clay 233 may be, for example, MK950. Preferably, the height H4 (or thickness) of the refractory mud 233 is between 1 and 5 mm. In this embodiment, the height H4 of the refractory clay 233 is 3 mm, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. In some embodiments, the height H4 of the refractory clay 233 is smaller than the height H2 of the first cut brick 231 and the height H3 of the second cut brick 232 .

Next, in step 140 , the elastic modulus measurement is performed on the composite brick 230 to obtain the elastic modulus of the composite brick 230 . Similarly, the composite brick 230 can be measured by a stress measuring instrument to obtain a stress and strain curve of the composite brick 230 . As shown in FIG. 3B , FIG. 3B is a graph of stress and strain of the composite brick 230 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein the curves C1 ′, C2 ′, and C3 ′ respectively represent the brick composite brick 230 Changes in stress and strain measured at 500°C, 300°C and normal temperature. Next, the elastic modulus of the composite brick 230 can be obtained by calculating the slope of the stress-strain curve in Fig. 3B. In this embodiment, the elastic modulus of the composite brick 230 at room temperature is 1.60GPa, the elastic modulus at 300°C is 1.75GPa, and the elastic modulus at 500°C is 1.80GPa.

Similarly, in some embodiments, the composite tile 230 may be dried to remove moisture before the elastic modulus measurement of the composite tile 230 is performed.

Next, in step 150, a model of the composite brick 230 is established using stress modeling software. The so-called model is the size and material model of the simulated brick and simulated refractory clay used in the composite brick 230 and the size and material model of the first cut brick 231, the second cut brick 232 and the refractory clay 233 are all the same . Then, step 160 is performed, and the assumed elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 and the elastic modulus of the brick material 210 are substituted into the model for simulation, so as to obtain the simulated elastic modulus of the composite brick material.

Specifically, the stress simulation software can give various parameters (for example, the ambient temperature, the size of the first cut brick 231, the second cut brick 232 and the refractory mortar 233, material type and elastic modulus) for the established model. etc.), simulate the stress and strain conditions and elastic modulus of the model. In some embodiments, ANSYS engineering simulation software may be used to perform such a simulation process to obtain the simulated elastic modulus of the corresponding composite brick 230 model. In the above process, except that the elastic modulus of the refractory mortar 233 is unknown, the remaining parameters required, such as the first cut brick 231, the second cut brick 232 and the size of the refractory mortar 233 (ie height, length and width) and material type, as well as the parameters of the elastic modulus of the first cut brick 231 and the second cut brick 232 (ie the elastic modulus of the brick 210, which has been measured in step 110) are all known . Therefore, an elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 can be assumed first, and the assumed elastic modulus and the above-mentioned known parameters can be substituted into the model for simulation, so as to obtain the simulated elastic modulus of the composite brick.

Next, in step 170, compare whether the difference between the simulated elastic modulus and the measured elastic modulus of the composite brick 230 falls within a preset range to determine whether the assumed elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 this time conforms to actual value. In other words, if the difference between the simulated elastic modulus and the elastic modulus of the composite brick 230 measured in step 140 is too large (ie, the difference exceeds the preset range), it means that the assumed elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 is different this time. There is still a gap between the actual elastic moduli, then go back to step 160 to provide the assumed elastic moduli of different refractory clays 233 and then substitute them into the model to continue the simulation until the simulated elastic moduli are close to or the same as the composite brick 230 (that is, the difference falls within the preset range), the assumed elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 at this time can be set as the actual elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 . In some embodiments, the preset range is set to be within ±10% of the error value between the simulated elastic modulus of the model and the elastic modulus of the composite brick 230 .

Please refer to the following table 1. Table 1 shows the elastic modulus parameters obtained by measuring method 100 at room temperature, 300°C, and 500°C. As shown in Table 1, in the case of setting the normal temperature, the simulation is carried out by repeatedly substituting the assumed elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233, and the simulation value of the obtained elastic modulus of the model is 1.66GPa, and the simulation value error at this time is -3.6 % is within ±10%, and the assumed elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 substituted at this time is 0.20GPa, which can be set as the actual elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233. The absolute value of the error value between the simulated value of the elastic modulus of the model obtained by substituting the elastic modulus into the environment of 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ and the measured value of the elastic modulus of the composite brick 230 is also less than 10%. In other words, the elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 of 0.20GPa is very close to the actual elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 at 3 mm. Therefore, according to the measurement method 100, the elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 at the time of thinning can be accurately obtained. temperature(℃) normal temperature 300 500 Elastic modulus measurement (GPa) of brick 210 2.00 2.25 2.40 Assumption value of elastic modulus of refractory clay 233 (GPa) 0.20 0.20 0.20 Elastic Modulus Measurements (GPa) for Composite Brick 230 1.60 1.75 1.84 The elastic modulus simulation value (GPa) of the equivalent model 1.66 1.70 1.89 Analog value error (%) -3.6 2.9 2.5 Table I

其中L _b1為第一切割磚材231的高度H2，L _b2為第二切割磚材232的高度H2，L _m為耐火泥233的高度H4(亦或厚度)，E _b為磚材210的彈性模數，E _eq為複合磚材230的彈性模數，E _m為耐火泥233的彈性模數。類似地，除了耐火泥233的彈性模數是未知的，剩下的第一切割磚材231、第二切割磚材232及耐火泥233的高度(例如，H2=H3=50mm， H4=3mm)，以及磚材210的彈性模數皆是已知的，因此將這些參數代入上式便可獲得耐火泥233的彈性模數E _m。 Please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a flowchart of a method 400 for measuring the elastic modulus of refractory clay according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Steps 410 - 440 of the measurement method 400 are similar to steps 110 - 140 , and are not repeated here. After obtaining the elastic moduli of the first cut brick 231 and the second cut brick 232 (ie, the elastic modulus of the brick 210 ) and the elastic modulus of the composite brick 230 , step 450 may be performed. In step 450, an equivalent elastic modulus relationship is used to obtain the elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233, and the equivalent elastic modulus relationship is:

Wherein L _b1 is the height H2 of the first cut brick 231 , L _b2 is the height H2 of the second cut brick 232 , L _m is the height H4 (or thickness) of the refractory mud 233 , and E _b is the elasticity of the brick 210 Modulus, E _eq is the elastic modulus of the composite brick 230 , and E _m is the elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 . Similarly, the heights of the remaining first cut bricks 231, second cut bricks 232, and refractory mortar 233 (eg, H2=H3=50mm, H4=3mm) except that the modulus of elasticity of the refractory mortar 233 is unknown. , and the elastic modulus of the brick 210 are known, so the elastic modulus _Em of the refractory clay 233 can be obtained by substituting these parameters into the above formula.

Please refer to the following table 2. Table 2 is the calculated value of elastic modulus of refractory clay 233 obtained by measuring method 400 at room temperature, 300 ℃ and 500 ℃, where L _b1 = L _b2 = 50mm, L _m = 3mm. As shown in Table 2, the calculated values of the elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 at room temperature, 300 ℃, and 500 ℃ are 0.209 GPa, 0.208 GPa, and 0.208 GPa, respectively. Compared with the elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 in Table 1, which is set to 0.20GPa, the difference is not too great. Therefore, the estimated elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 can be quickly obtained by using the equivalent elastic modulus relationship, without the need to establish a model for simulation and to repeatedly simulate and verify the assumed elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233, so it can speed up the entire measurement time. Procedure. Although compared with the measurement method 100, the error value of the elastic modulus obtained by the measurement method 400 is larger, but it is sufficient for prediction and estimation in practical applications. temperature(℃) normal temperature 300 500 Elastic modulus measurement (GPa) of brick 210 2.00 2.25 2.40 Elastic Modulus Measurements (GPa) for Composite Brick 230 1.60 1.75 1.84 Calculated elastic modulus of refractory clay 233 (GPa) 0.209 0.208 0.210 Table II

In some embodiments, the measurement method 400 may be performed first to obtain a calculated value of the elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 , and then a value near the calculated elastic modulus may be used as the assumed elastic modulus to perform step 160 of the measurement method 100 ~170, the actual elastic modulus of the refractory clay 233 can be obtained more quickly and accurately.

To sum up, through the above measurement methods 100 and 400, the actual elastic modulus of the thinned refractory clay can be effectively obtained, and the absolute error of the accuracy is less than 10%, which is sufficient for practical applications. Since the refractory mortar is measured together with the corresponding type of brick, the thickness of the refractory mortar can be formed uniformly and the measurement results can be verified repeatedly.

Although the present disclosure has been disclosed by preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Anyone skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be determined by the scope of the appended patent application.

100, 400: Measurement method 110～170, 410～450: Steps 210: Bricks 230: Composite brick 231: First Cut Brick 232: Second Cut Brick 233: Refractory mud F: positive force H1, H2, H3, H4: height W: width L: length C1, C2, C3, C1', C2', C3': Curves

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring the elastic modulus of refractory clay according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a brick according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a composite brick according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3A is a graph of stress versus strain for a tile according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3B is a graph of stress versus strain for a composite brick according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for measuring the elastic modulus of refractory clay according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

100: Measurement Methods

110~170: Steps

Claims (10)

A method for measuring elastic modulus of refractory mud, comprising: (a) measuring a modulus of elasticity of a brick to obtain a first modulus of elasticity of the brick; (b) cutting the brick to obtain a first cut brick and a second cut brick; (c) coating a refractory mortar between the first and second cut bricks to form a composite brick; (d) measuring the elastic modulus of the composite brick to obtain a second elastic modulus of the composite brick; (e1) using a stress simulation software to establish a model of the composite brick; (f) substituting a hypothetical modulus of elasticity of the refractory clay and the first modulus of elasticity into the model for simulation to obtain a simulated modulus of elasticity of the composite brick; and (g) repeating step (f) until the difference between the simulated elastic modulus and the second elastic modulus is within a preset range, and the assumed elastic modulus of the refractory clay imported at this time is set as the refractory clay modulus of elasticity. A method for measuring elastic modulus of refractory clay, comprising: (a) measuring a brick material to obtain a first elastic modulus of the brick material; (b) cutting the brick material to obtain a first elastic modulus cutting bricks and a second cut brick; (c) applying a refractory mortar between the first and second cut bricks to form a composite brick; (d) subjecting the composite brick to the elastic moulding and (e2) using an equivalent elastic modulus relationship to obtain the elastic modulus of the refractory clay, the equivalent elastic modulus relationship is

Wherein L _b1 is the height of the first cut brick, L _b2 is the height of the second cut brick, L _m is the height of the refractory mud, E _b is the first elastic modulus, and E _eq is the second Elastic modulus, E _m is the elastic modulus of the refractory clay. The method for measuring the elastic modulus of refractory mud according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the brick is dried to remove moisture before step (a), and/or the composite is included before step (d) The bricks are dried to remove moisture. The method for measuring elastic modulus of refractory clay as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the elastic modulus measurement comprises: Apply a positive force on a test object; measuring a stress and strain curve of the test object; and Calculate the slope of the stress-strain curve to obtain the elastic modulus of the test object. The method for measuring the elastic modulus of refractory mud according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the normal force applied in the elastic modulus measurement is perpendicular to the cutting surfaces of the first and second cut bricks. The method for measuring the modulus of elasticity of refractory clay as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the heights of the first and second cut bricks are the same. The method for measuring elastic modulus of refractory clay as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the height of the refractory clay is between 1 and 5 mm. The method for measuring elastic modulus of refractory mortar as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the height of the refractory mortar is smaller than the heights of the first and second cut bricks. The method for measuring elastic modulus of refractory clay according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the refractory clay is used together with the brick in a furnace lining. The method for measuring elastic modulus of refractory mortar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size and material of the simulated brick and simulated refractory mortar used in the model are the same as the first and second cut bricks and The size and material of the refractory clay are the same.

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