TWI747571B - Interconnected fluidized bed reactor - Google Patents
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本發明是有關一種二氧化碳捕捉與封存技術,特別是一種以串聯式流體化床反應器,利用化學迴圈燃燒程序(Chemical Looping Process Combustion)捕捉與封存二氧化碳的技術領域。The present invention relates to a technology for capturing and storing carbon dioxide, in particular to a technical field of capturing and storing carbon dioxide by using a series fluidized bed reactor using a chemical looping combustion process (Chemical Looping Process Combustion).
本發明的首要技術思想是提供一種新式串聯式流體化床反應器,採用化學迴圈燃燒程序原理進行二氧化碳的捕捉與封存,同時具低排氣污染與高發電效率的優勢,並以此於以下內容詳加說明與敘述,但本發明所提供的改良特點並不用以限定使用於此一應用中,其它具有相同功能或等效的改變都應涵蓋於本發明中。The primary technical idea of the present invention is to provide a new series fluidized bed reactor, which adopts the principle of chemical loop combustion process to capture and store carbon dioxide, and has the advantages of low exhaust pollution and high power generation efficiency. The content is explained and described in detail, but the improved features provided by the present invention are not used to limit the use in this application, and other changes with the same function or equivalent should be covered by the present invention.
自從工業革命以來,人類的高度活動與工業發展造就了科技與經濟的大幅躍進,也大幅度地改善了人類生活福祉,我們不再是依靠打漁狩獵尋求溫飽,而是能夠使用工業機器大量生產製造生活必需品,也繼而造就了人類健康與存活壽命的延長。Since the industrial revolution, the high level of human activities and industrial development have brought about a great leap forward in technology and economy, and also greatly improved the well-being of human life. We no longer rely on fishing and hunting for food and clothing, but can use industrial machines to produce mass production. Manufacturing necessities of life also contributes to the extension of human health and survival.
然而隨著人口迅速增長與工業活動的蓬勃,這背後也引發了溫室效應的問題。百年來地球暖化對於氣候與環境的影響有目共賭,對全球自然生態與社會經濟帶來負面的影響,且此一問題並未有減緩的趨勢,我們下一代賴以生存的地球環境與資源該如何永續發展令人擔憂。However, with the rapid population growth and vigorous industrial activities, this has also led to the problem of the greenhouse effect. The impact of global warming on the climate and the environment over the past century has been a shared bet, and it has negatively affected the global natural ecology and social economy, and this problem has not been alleviated. The global environment on which our next generation depends It is worrying how resources should be developed in a sustainable manner.
綜觀而言,科技的進步與能源技術的發展密不可分,因此,各種發電廠所造成的環境衝擊與綠色能源的開發是各種環保議題中相當重要的部分。火力發電是運用最廣泛的發電方式之一,其係以燃燒煤、石油、天然氣等化石燃料之方式加熱水產生蒸氣,以推動發電機而輸出電力。相較於其他發電方式,火力發電所產生的溫室氣體與空氣汙染相對地嚴重。一般而言,除了降低二氧化碳的產生之外,二氧化碳排放減量還可透過封存或再利用的方式達成。In general, the progress of science and technology is inseparable from the development of energy technology. Therefore, the environmental impact caused by various power plants and the development of green energy are very important parts of various environmental protection issues. Thermal power generation is one of the most widely used power generation methods. It burns fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas and so on to heat water to generate steam to drive generators to output electricity. Compared with other power generation methods, the greenhouse gas and air pollution produced by thermal power generation are relatively serious. Generally speaking, in addition to reducing carbon dioxide production, carbon dioxide emissions reduction can also be achieved through storage or reuse.
然而,火力發電廠所排放出的廢氣中除了有二氧化碳之外,還包含氧化氮等汙染物,若要以封存及再利用的方式達到二氧化碳排放減量,必須將上述汙染物分離後方可進行。此種分離程序相當耗能,並且電廠的發電量部分須供給此分離程序,等於是降低了火力發電廠的發電效率。However, in addition to carbon dioxide, the exhaust gas emitted by thermal power plants also contains pollutants such as nitrogen oxides. To achieve a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions through storage and reuse, the above-mentioned pollutants must be separated. This separation process is quite energy-consuming, and the power generation of the power plant must be supplied to this separation process, which is tantamount to reducing the power generation efficiency of the thermal power plant.
為了解決上述問題發展出了一種利用金屬載氧體取代空氣作為助燃物之化學迴圈燃燒程序技術,化學迴圈燃燒程序利用兩個流體化床反應器,即燃料反應器(Fuel reactor)與空氣反應器(Air reactor),交互進行還原氧化反應而產生熱。詳言之,在燃料反應器中燃料與金屬載氧體產生反應,此反應對金屬載氧體而言係還原反應,故反應後金屬載氧體會還原成為金屬。接著,被還原的金屬送至空氣反應器中與空氣或是其他可供給氧原子之氣體產生氧化反應,再形成金屬載氧體而可提供至燃料反應器中再進行迴圈循環。燃料反應器及空氣反應器的總反應為一放熱反應,能夠維持系統之運行。In order to solve the above problems, a chemical loop combustion process technology that uses a metal oxygen carrier to replace air as a combustion-supporting material has been developed. The chemical loop combustion process uses two fluidized bed reactors, namely a fuel reactor and air. The air reactor generates heat by alternately performing reduction and oxidation reactions. In detail, the fuel reacts with the metal oxygen carrier in the fuel reactor. This reaction is a reduction reaction for the metal oxygen carrier, so the metal oxygen carrier will be reduced to metal after the reaction. Then, the reduced metal is sent to the air reactor to produce an oxidation reaction with air or other gases that can supply oxygen atoms, and then form a metal oxygen carrier, which can be supplied to the fuel reactor for recirculation. The total reaction of the fuel reactor and the air reactor is an exothermic reaction, which can maintain the operation of the system.
由於化學迴圈燃燒程序之金屬載氧體提供反應所需之氧原子,不同於傳統燃燒反應中由空氣提供氧原子的方式,故燃燒後所產生的廢氣經過冷凝去除水蒸氣後剩下的氣體為含量高達99%的二氧化碳。如此純量的二氧化碳可直接進行封存或是再利用,而不需經過高耗能的氣體分離程序,因此,化學迴圈燃燒程序有利於火力發電廠的二氧化碳排放減量,同時可不需浪費能量在分離氣體的過程,換言之,能源產生效率更佳。Since the metal oxygen carrier in the chemical loop combustion process provides the oxygen atoms required for the reaction, which is different from the traditional combustion reaction in which the oxygen atoms are provided by air, the exhaust gas produced after combustion is condensed to remove water vapor. It is carbon dioxide with a content of up to 99%. Such scalar carbon dioxide can be directly stored or reused without going through the high-energy gas separation process. Therefore, the chemical loop combustion process is beneficial to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in thermal power plants, and at the same time, there is no need to waste energy in separation. The gas process, in other words, the energy generation efficiency is better.
然而,既有的化學迴圈燃燒程序系統操作參數彈性範圍較低,包括載氧體量、各氣體流量不足皆會造成大的反應器響應,因此操作上備受限制,此外,燃料反應器單純的鼓泡式設計,使部分燃料尚未反應的狀況下就輸送至床面,導致反應不全;空氣反應器設計氣量不足,使得燃料增加時其氧氣量不足將載氧體氧化完全,長時間運轉下會有系統停機的風險。However, the operating parameters of the existing chemical loop combustion program system have a relatively low range of operating parameters, including the amount of oxygen carrier and insufficient gas flow rates, which will cause a large reactor response. Therefore, the operation is limited. In addition, the fuel reactor is simple The bubbling design enables part of the fuel to be transported to the bed surface before it has reacted, resulting in incomplete reaction; the air reactor is designed with insufficient air volume, so that when the fuel increases, the oxygen volume is insufficient to completely oxidize the oxygen carrier, and under long-term operation There is a risk of system downtime.
為了解決前述既有化學迴圈燃燒程序系統的種種缺點,本發明提供了一種新式串聯式流體化床反應器,採用化學迴圈燃燒程序原理進行二氧化碳的捕捉與封存,除了能夠將工業和能源相關來源所產出的二氧化碳進行濃縮與存放,避免二氧化碳的排放外,所產生的熱能更同時具備高發電效率的優勢,改善燃料反應不完全或氣量不足的缺點。In order to solve the aforementioned shortcomings of the existing chemical loop combustion program system, the present invention provides a new series fluidized bed reactor, which adopts the principle of the chemical loop combustion program to capture and store carbon dioxide, in addition to being able to correlate industry and energy The carbon dioxide produced by the source is concentrated and stored to avoid the emission of carbon dioxide. The heat energy generated also has the advantage of high power generation efficiency and improves the shortcomings of incomplete fuel reaction or insufficient gas volume.
本發明提供一種新式串聯式流體化床反應器,其包含:一空氣反應器,為垂直設置之中空管體,管體內部徑向設有至少一孔口板,該孔口板具有與該空氣反應器管體內部適形的形狀與大小且於其板體上設有一孔口;該空氣反應器的管體底部設有一空氣反應器輸入口,頂部設置一沒入式上升管連通,該沒入式上升管底部部分套設於該空氣反應器管體內部,該沒入式上升管的頂部與該連通裝置連接;一燃料反應器,為垂直設置之中空管體,其頂部與該連通裝置連接,且設有一燃料反應器出料口,其底部設有一燃料反應器進料口;以及該空氣反應器與該燃料反應器底部以一封閉迴路裝置連通。The present invention provides a new type series fluidized bed reactor, which comprises: an air reactor, which is a hollow tube body arranged vertically, and at least one orifice plate is radially arranged inside the tube body, and the orifice plate is The inside of the tube of the air reactor has a conformal shape and size, and an orifice is provided on the plate; The bottom part of the submerged riser pipe is sleeved inside the tube body of the air reactor, and the top of the submerged riser pipe is connected with the communicating device; a fuel reactor is a hollow pipe body vertically arranged, and the top of the submerged riser is connected to the The communicating device is connected and is provided with a fuel reactor discharge port, the bottom of which is provided with a fuel reactor feed port; and the air reactor is connected with the bottom of the fuel reactor by a closed loop device.
其中,該燃料反應器管體內部的管壁上包含數個傾斜且交錯設置的擋板。Wherein, the tube wall inside the tube body of the fuel reactor includes a number of inclined and staggered baffles.
其中,該擋板與該燃料反應器管體內部的管壁形成60度夾角。Wherein, the baffle and the tube wall inside the fuel reactor tube form an angle of 60 degrees.
其中,於該燃料反應器管體內部設置4個該擋板,且各擋板為交錯傾斜。Wherein, four baffles are arranged inside the tube body of the fuel reactor, and each baffle is staggered and inclined.
其中,該燃料反應器頂部的另一側自上至下依序與一旋風分離器以及一儲存槽連通,該儲存槽的底部有另一封閉迴路裝置使其與該燃料反應器底部連通。Wherein, the other side of the top of the fuel reactor is connected with a cyclone separator and a storage tank in order from top to bottom, and the bottom of the storage tank is provided with another closed loop device to communicate with the bottom of the fuel reactor.
其中,該燃料反應器中位於該擋板間設置一燃料反應器第二進料口。Wherein, a second feed port of the fuel reactor is arranged in the fuel reactor between the baffles.
其中,一載氧體透過一含氧氣體與一燃料於該新式串聯式流體化床反應器中為化學迴圈反應程序。Among them, an oxygen carrier permeates an oxygen-containing gas and a fuel in the new tandem fluidized bed reactor as a chemical loop reaction process.
其中,該載氧體包含金屬氧化物粒子,該金屬包含鐵(Fe)、鎳(Ni)、銅(Cu)、錳(Mn)、鈦(Ti)或鈷(Co)。Wherein, the oxygen carrier includes metal oxide particles, and the metal includes iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), or cobalt (Co).
其中,該含氧氣體包含空氣或氧氣;以及該燃料為氣態或固態燃料。Wherein, the oxygen-containing gas contains air or oxygen; and the fuel is a gaseous or solid fuel.
藉由上述說明可知,本發明具有以下有利功效與有益優點:From the above description, it can be known that the present invention has the following advantageous effects and advantages:
1. 藉由本發明新式串聯式流體化床反應器,其載氧體顆粒能順暢在各反應器間流動,特殊的擋板、孔口板、局部結構設置與連結,使得載氧體能以足量且充分與氣體、燃料混合反應,整體系統具可控的滯留時間與循環率,並且能整體顆粒流動穩定,使得反應器壓力平穩進而可安全的進行長時間操作。1. With the new tandem fluidized bed reactor of the present invention, the oxygen carrier particles can flow smoothly between the reactors. The special baffles, orifice plates, and local structure settings and connections enable the oxygen carrier to be in sufficient quantity And fully mixed and reacted with gas and fuel, the overall system has a controllable residence time and circulation rate, and the overall particle flow is stable, making the reactor pressure stable and safe for long-term operation.
2. 本發明藉由特定結構使系統顆粒穩定之流動,具有廣泛操作氣量及可控制之固體循環率能力,最重要的是,其設計能增進反應器內部之熱質傳之效果與增加反應物的滯留時間,在模擬軟體與實際冷態模型也成功進行驗證該些特定結構的功能性,各部件特殊的結構可使顆粒依序在各部流動,不會產生逆混與氣體串混之現象,能提供穩定的流體化以及廣泛氣量操作範圍。2. The invention uses a specific structure to stabilize the flow of particles in the system. It has a wide range of operating gas volume and controllable solids circulation rate capabilities. Most importantly, its design can enhance the effect of heat and mass transfer inside the reactor and increase the reactants. The simulation software and the actual cold state model have also successfully verified the functionality of these specific structures. The special structure of each component allows the particles to flow in each part in sequence, without the phenomenon of back mixing and gas mixing. Can provide stable fluidization and a wide range of gas volume operation.
本發明採用化學迴圈程序(chemical looping process,CLP)被認為是兼具能源效率佳及可捕獲二氧化碳的重要燃燒技術,控制其載氧體/惰性載體之比例與系統固體循環率,可將燃料部分氧化而形成可燃氣體而達到資源再利用之功用,其程序的開發主要包含載氧體、燃料及反應器設計等三個部分,本發明具體可應用對象包含化學迴圈燃燒程序的任何應用,例如二氧化碳、發電、產氫、化學品合成或含高分子廢溶劑處理等,提供了一種高效型的新式串聯式流體化床反應器。The present invention adopts chemical looping process (chemical looping process, CLP), which is considered to be an important combustion technology with good energy efficiency and carbon dioxide capture. It controls the ratio of oxygen carrier/inert carrier and the solid circulation rate of the system, which can reduce the fuel Partially oxidized to form combustible gas to achieve the function of resource reuse. The development of the program mainly includes three parts: oxygen carrier, fuel and reactor design. The specific applicable objects of the present invention include any application of the chemical loop combustion program. For example, carbon dioxide, power generation, hydrogen production, chemical synthesis or treatment of waste solvents containing polymers, etc., provide a high-efficiency new series fluidized bed reactor.
為了能詳細瞭解本發明的技術特徵及實用功效,並可依照說明書的內容來實施,進一步以如圖式所示的較佳實施例,並詳細說明如下。其中,以下說明可能使用如”一”、”二”或”第一”、 ”第二”等用語描述各種部件或元件,然而並非一定作為數量量詞,也並非用以限定該元件或部件具有特定特性或關係,且所舉之數個實施範例同樣僅是示例性的表達本發明所提供的技術,不應解釋為本發明僅包含該些實施例,其它等效或具有近似邏輯概念的改變,皆應涵蓋於本發明中。In order to understand the technical features and practical effects of the present invention in detail, and implement it in accordance with the content of the specification, a preferred embodiment as shown in the figure is further used and described in detail as follows. Among them, the following description may use terms such as "one", "two" or "first", "second" to describe various parts or elements, but they are not necessarily used as quantitative quantifiers, nor are they used to limit the elements or parts to specific The characteristics or relationships, and the several implementation examples cited are also only exemplary expressions of the technology provided by the present invention, and should not be interpreted as the present invention only includes these embodiments, other equivalent or similar logical concept changes, All should be covered by the present invention.
請參閱圖1~圖3A,其為本發明一種新式串聯式流體化床反應器10的第一較佳實施例主要包含相互連通之一空氣反應器11、一封閉迴路裝置12以及一燃料反應器13。其中,該封閉迴路裝置12設置於該空氣反應器11與該燃料反應器13之間,並使該空氣反應器11與該燃料反應器13相互流體連通,如圖1所示的第一較佳實施例,該封閉迴路裝置12是設置於該空氣反應器11與該燃料反應器13接近底部的位置。該空氣反應器11與該燃料反應器13間也同時包含另一連通裝置14,如圖1所示的該連通裝置14是設置於該空氣反應器11與該燃料反應器13間的接近頂部位置,如此一來該空氣反應器11與該燃料反應器13透過該封閉迴路裝置12與該連通裝置14達成流體連通的效果。Please refer to FIGS. 1 to 3A, which are a first preferred embodiment of a novel series fluidized
《空氣反應器》"Air Reactor"
如圖2A所示,本發明的第一較佳實施例中,該空氣反應器11在結構設計上為垂直設置之中空管體,管體內部徑向設有至少一孔口板111,該孔口板111具有與該空氣反應器11管體內部適形的形狀與大小且於其板體上設有一孔口111。較佳地,如本實施例所提供之該孔口板111為兩個間隔設置於該空氣反應器11管體內部,而該孔口111設置於該孔口板111板體的中央且開孔大小為20mm。As shown in Figure 2A, in the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
該空氣反應器11的管體底部設有一空氣反應器輸入口113,頂部設置一沒入式上升管112連通,所謂之沒入式的設計是指該沒入式上升管112底部部分套設於該空氣反應器11管體內部,該沒入式上升管112的頂部與該連通裝置14連接。The
《燃料反應器》"Fuel Reactor"
如圖1、2B中本發明的第一較佳實施例,該燃料反應器13的底部設有一燃料反應器第一進料口131,例如可以是一進料管架接於該燃料反應器13的底部。該燃料反應器13的頂部設有一燃料反應器出料口135。In the first preferred embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figures 1 and 2B, the bottom of the
該燃料反應器13同樣是垂直設置之中空管體,管體內部的管壁上包含數個傾斜且交錯設置的擋板132,如圖2B所示,所示,該擋板132於本實施例中共間隔並交錯設置四個,且各擋板132於該燃料反應器13的管壁延伸形成60度夾角的傾斜狀態而不完全阻隔管內連通狀態。The
該燃料反應器13頂部之一側以該連通裝置14與該空氣反應器11的該沒入式上升管112連接與連通,而其頂部的另一側自上至下依序與一旋風分離器133以及一儲存槽134連接與連通,該儲存槽134的底部有另一封閉迴路裝置12’,如圖3B所示,使其與該燃料反應器13底部連通。其中,該燃料反應器13頂部與該旋風分離器133連通的方式較佳可以是由該連通裝置14延伸而來的管通道,或是選由其它管材進行連通皆可。One side of the top of the
本發明接著敘述與說明前揭各部件、元件之功能與相互作用之方式與狀態。The present invention then describes and explains the functions and interaction modes and states of the previously disclosed components and elements.
請參考圖4,本發明所提供的該新式串聯式流體化床反應器10是採用化學迴圈程序,藉由系統燃燒其間將所產生的二氧化碳進行捉捕,甚至進行採集的系統。首先,本發明整體系統運作較佳是起始於將一惰性氣體攜帶一載氧體20置入該燃料反應器13中,而一燃料30同時自該燃料反應器13的該燃料反應器第一進料口131通入自該燃料反應器13中,該載氧體20與該燃料30於該燃料反應器13內部混合並進行燃燒。本實施例所採用的該燃料反應器13較佳是採用鼓泡流體化床,主要是為了該載氧體20與該燃料30燃燒之反應部位。Please refer to FIG. 4, the novel tandem
該載氧體20較佳為金屬氧化物粒子,例如鐵(Fe)、鎳(Ni)、銅(Cu)、錳(Mn)、鈦(Ti)或鈷(Co)的金屬氧化物粒子,包含但不限於氧化銅(CuO)、三氧化二鐵(Fe
2O
3)或二氧化鈦(TiO
2)等,其選用可依據金屬的氧相容性、成本、反應性、機械強度或長期再循環性等因素加以評估。該燃料30可以是氣體或固體形式,例如煤炭、天然氣或合成燃氣,例如煤氣或甲烷。該載氧體20與該燃料30於該燃料反應器13中進行燃燒反應,使該載氧體20還原,反應方程式較佳如下式(1),以該燃料30為烷類為例,式中Me為金屬原子。該載氧體20在本發明的該新式串聯式流體化床反應器10中置入後為固定體積或重量,在本發明操作時會在內部不斷循環反應而不需額外添加。
The
C nH 2m+(2n+m)Me xO y→nCO 2+mH 2O+(2n+m)Me xO y-1(式1) C n H 2m +(2n+m)Me x O y →nCO 2 +mH 2 O+(2n+m)Me x O y-1 (Equation 1)
燃燒過程中所產生的二氧化碳與水較佳自該燃料反應器13頂部的該燃料反應器出料口135排出,其後可增設例如分離裝置將二氧化碳與水分離後獲得高純度二氧化碳。過程中所產生的灰份也同樣自該燃料反應器出料口135排出。The carbon dioxide and water produced during the combustion process are preferably discharged from the fuel
其中,該燃料反應器13的管體內部所設置的四個特定方向之該擋板132,上方第一個該擋板132藉由減少風往上之向量分力,可有效防止該載氧體20粒子噴濺而自該燃料反應器出料口135排出反應器之外,下方三塊依序為左右左交錯排列之該擋板132作用有三,第一,強制新鮮之該載氧體20與該燃料30經由固定區域反應,可控制與加強二者反應程度;第二,該擋板132上的該載氧體20粒子與氣泡流向會形成環狀流動,加強固體粒子與氣體間攪混效果,可增進熱質傳效能;第三,該擋板132傾斜設置之角度具有切割氣泡的作用,有效防止該燃料反應器13中發生塊泡流體化現象,提供穩定之操作。Among them, the
本實施例中該燃料反應器第一進料口131所使用的進料管較佳是相較於該燃料反應器13管徑為小的管體,可使該載氧體20在本發明的串聯迴圈中進料與返料順利,利用該燃料反應器13中流化之氣量在相對小的管中有較大空床速度,小管會產生紊流流化狀態,當進料與返料進口以小管連接時,接觸氣泡機率大而有順暢粒子流動。In this embodiment, the feed pipe used in the
接著,燃燒後的該載氧體20流入該封閉迴路裝置12,本實施例中所採用的該封閉迴路裝置12 作用為隔絕該燃料反應器13、該空氣反應器11間的氣體以及作為該載氧體20運送的管道,該載氧體20藉由該封閉迴路裝置12的通道運送至該空氣反應器11。同時,為了維持該載氧體20可以持續於本發明反應器中產生流體化現象,較佳地於該封閉迴路裝置12、12’通入載流氣體,例如水蒸氣或氮氣。Then, the combusted
本發明的該空氣反應器11主要用於將該載氧體20進行氧化的功能,可為一流體化床(或也可稱流化床),例如一紊流流體化床。將該載氧體20氧化的方法較佳是自該空氣反應器11底部朝頂部以一定的流速通入一含氧氣體,例如空氣,該含氧氣體會將粒子態的該載氧體20吹拂並產生類似於液體流動的現象,可稱之為流體化現象,而該載氧體20將與該含氧氣體中的氧反應並負載,接著負載氧的該載氧體20隨著流體化方向朝向該空氣反應器11頂部移動,並通過該沒入式上升管112。由於該含氧氣體與該燃料30容易發生反應而爆炸,因此前述該封閉迴路裝置12可以很好的隔絕該空氣反應器11中的該含氧氣體以及該燃料反應器13中的該燃料30,降低二者接觸後反應產生燃燒爆炸的風險。其中,該載氧體20於該空氣反應器11中反應,使該載氧體20又氧化負載氧,反應方程式較佳如下式(2),式中Me為金屬原子。The
Me xO y-1+1/2O 2→Me xO y(式2) Me x O y-1 +1/2O 2 →Me x O y (Equation 2)
其中,該載氧體20乘著該含氧氣體所形成的流體化流通過該空氣反應器11中的該孔口板111的該孔口1111,藉由氣體流經開口較小的孔洞而產生較高速度的特性,達到該載氧體20粒子由下至上的運輸功能,再者,該孔口板111平面上方的該載氧體20粒子會以環狀流動的方式與該含氧氣體接觸,加強滯留與攪混的功能,該載氧體20粒子能與該含氧氣體中的氧氣反應氧化回最氧化態的金屬氧化物。Wherein, the
該沒入式上升管112功能為傳輸該載氧體20粒子,沒入的連接方式設計則能分散粒子團,讓部分粒子停留在該空氣反應器11的管體中區域,才被後續氣流挾帶離開,避免粒子過度集中於一出口,因而形成緩衝的功能,提升系統粒子流動穩定。The function of the submerged
藉由該連通裝置14的連通,負載氧的該載氧體20被帶至該燃料反應器13繼續燃燒並還原。本發明較佳於其中一組封閉迴路裝置,較佳是該封閉迴路裝置12’的上方設置該儲存槽134,該儲存槽134作用是使系統有一儲存顆粒的緩衝空間,能有效使各部位操作氣量較高的範圍。Through the communication of the
綜合上述,本發明系統所採用的化學迴圈程序總方程式如下式(3)。In summary, the general equation of the chemical loop program adopted by the system of the present invention is as follows (3).
C nH 2m+(n+m/2)O2→nCO 2+mH 2O (式3) C n H 2m +(n+m/2)O2→nCO 2 +mH 2 O (Equation 3)
該載氧體40於該燃料反應器13中燃燒為水與二氧化碳並還原,而還原之該載氧體40再傳送至該空氣反應器11中藉由與該含氧氣體40反應負載氧氣回送至該燃料反應器13中燃燒,如此行成所謂的化學迴圈反應程序。The
《確效性測試》"Validity Test"
為了證實本發明於該燃料反應器13中所設置之該擋板132具有所宣稱之功效,請參考圖5,其為固體燃料滯留時間的比較,在相同燃料反應器尺寸下,有該擋板132以及無該擋板132之設計,以相同煤炭進料速率 3.33x10
-4kg/s 進行比較,模擬20秒可知,其有該擋板132設計煤炭排出速率為2.09x10
-4kg/s,而無該擋板132則為3.07x10
-4kg/s,可確認該擋板132的結構設計能有效加強固體燃料之滯留效果。
In order to verify that the
請參考圖6,自該氣體混合效果比較結果可知,在相同燃料反應器尺寸下,有無該擋板132之結構設計,模擬以相同追蹤氣體由反應器側邊輸入,可發現有該擋板132之氣體重量分率較為均一,色塊均一(如圖6右);而無擋板其氣體重量分率不均,有明顯不同之色塊(如圖6左) ,因此可確認該擋板132的設計可加強本發明中氣體的混合效果。Please refer to Fig. 6, from the comparison result of the gas mixing effect, it can be seen that under the same fuel reactor size, whether there is the structure design of the
請參考圖7A、7B,自該載氧體20滯留時間比較可知,以模擬在相同操作情況比較,圖7A為既有技術之該載氧體20顆粒滯留時間數據,其平均滯留時間為15.8秒;圖7B為本發明,其平均滯留時間為26.1秒,增加約6成5之滯留時間。增加的該載氧體20滯留時間表示能夠使該載氧體20反應更加完全,提升本發明整體反應系統之效能。Please refer to Figures 7A and 7B. It can be seen from the comparison of the residence time of the
請參考圖8,自該載氧體20運輸穩定性比較可知,反應器底部之壓力點,圖中上方曲線為既有漸縮式上升管結構設計,可明顯看出管柱塞澀現象,因此會有頻率性之壓力突升,造成反應器壓力過大而運輸不順;圖中下方曲線為本發明該沒入式上升管112結構設計,其壓力趨勢變化較為平緩,沒入式設計可破除柱塞現象發生,能有效加強其顆粒運輸之穩定性。Please refer to Figure 8. From the comparison of the transportation stability of the
以上所述僅為本發明的較佳實施例而已,並非用以限定本發明主張的權利範圍,凡其它未脫離本發明所揭示的精神所完成的等效改變或修飾,均應包括在本發明的申請專利範圍內。The foregoing descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of rights claimed by the present invention. All other equivalent changes or modifications made without departing from the spirit disclosed by the present invention shall be included in the present invention. Within the scope of patent application.
10:新式串聯式流體化床反應器
11:空氣反應器
111:孔口板
1111:孔口
112:沒入式上升管
113:空氣反應器輸入口
12、12’:封閉迴路裝置
13:燃料反應器
131:燃料反應器第一進料口
132:擋板
133:旋風分離器
134:儲存槽
135:燃料反應器出料口
14:連通裝置
20:載氧體
30:燃料
10: New tandem fluidized bed reactor
11: Air reactor
111: Orifice plate
1111: Orifice
112: Submerged riser
113:
圖1為本發明較佳實施例示意圖。 圖2A為本發明該空氣反應器較佳實施例局部透視圖。 圖2B為本發明該燃料反應器較佳實施例局部透視圖。 圖3A為本發明該封閉迴路裝置較佳實施例局部透視圖。 圖3B為本發明另一該封閉迴路裝置較佳實施例局部透視圖。 圖4本發明較佳實施例系統作動示意圖。 圖5為固體燃料滯留時間的比較測試結果。 圖6為氣體混合效果比較測試結果。 圖7A為既有技術之該載氧體顆粒滯留時間測試結果。 圖7B為本發明該載氧體滯留時間測試結果。 圖8為該載氧體運輸穩定性比較測試結果。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2A is a partial perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the air reactor of the present invention. Figure 2B is a partial perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the fuel reactor of the present invention. Figure 3A is a partial perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the closed circuit device of the present invention. Fig. 3B is a partial perspective view of another preferred embodiment of the closed circuit device of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of system operation in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 shows the comparison test results of solid fuel residence time. Figure 6 shows the comparison test results of gas mixing effects. Figure 7A shows the test results of the retention time of the oxygen carrier particles in the prior art. Fig. 7B is the test result of the retention time of the oxygen carrier of the present invention. Figure 8 shows the comparative test results of the transport stability of the oxygen carrier.
10:新式串聯式流體化床反應器 10: New tandem fluidized bed reactor
11:空氣反應器 11: Air reactor
111:孔口板 111: Orifice plate
1111:孔口 1111: Orifice
112:沒入式上升管 112: Submerged riser
113:空氣反應器輸入口 113: Air reactor input
12、12’:封閉迴路裝置 12, 12’: Closed loop device
13:燃料反應器 13: Fuel reactor
131:燃料反應器第一進料口 131: The first feed port of the fuel reactor
132:擋板 132: Baffle
133:旋風分離器 133: Cyclone
134:儲存槽 134: storage tank
135:燃料反應器出料口 135: Fuel reactor discharge port
14:連通裝置 14: Connecting device
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TWI579505B (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-04-21 | 國立臺灣科技大學 | Interconnected fluidized bed reactor |
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