TWI735476B - 視聽接收裝置及其快速變換頻道之方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一種視訊輸送環境,其中視聽接收器內之變換頻道,開始時是叢發輸送視聽串流至接收器,確定視聽串流之特徵,就過量資料輸送期間而言,有諸如視聽漂移,和叢發特徵。此等特徵至少其一決定解碼器時鐘啟用增加的偏差值,故在接到頻道變換命令後,盡早顯示運動影像,在叢發結束之前,結合於語音同步聽訊。
Description
本案內容一般係關於描繪視聽服務之領域,尤其是快速變換頻道。
在視聽內容的收發中,雖然類比電視轉變到數位電視是一大躍進,理由很多,例如傳輸帶寬和改進圖像品質,惟變換頻道速度卻變得大為緩慢。蓋因數位接收器在備妥顯示新頻道之第一影像之前,要執行許多任務。在任何運動影像顯現之前,以及聽訊可與運動影像按同步化方式(語音同步)描繪之前,處理時間明顯耗費在視聽(AV)訊包之摘取和緩衝,以及用從數位傳輸摘取之AV訊包充填接收緩衝器。為克服許多使用者感受到迴歸之此缺點,開發出各種解決方案,通常稱為快速變換頻道(FCC)。對FCC問題的此等解決方案之一,是視聽內容在結合多播IP串流之前的網際網路協定(IP)單播叢發傳輸。接收器變換頻道要求單播叢發視聽內容。由於叢發速度比播出率快,接收器可以新頻道之視聽訊包快速充填其接收緩衝器,並快速開始解碼和描繪,再改換到從多播串流接收視聽訊包。當接到足夠視聽資料時,即顯現運動影像。
因此,亟需進一步減少變換頻道延時。
本案內容旨在減緩先前技術之若干不便。
為此,本案原理包括視聽接收裝置快速變換頻道之方法,透過網際網路協定網路,接收視聽串流。此方法係利用視聽接收裝置實施,此方法包括:接收變換頻道命令;傳送要求叢發輸送相當於新頻道之視聽串流;在接到叢發輸送所包括視訊展示時間戳記之前,以叢發輸送所包括最後節目時鐘參考值加偏差值,啟用視聽接收裝置內之解碼器時鐘,其中偏差值為叢發內視訊框和相對應聽訊框間之漂移,以及叢發輸送的過量資
料輸送期間之函數,該期間界定為資料較播出率輸送過量接收時的叢發輸送一部份之期間,並在叢發輸送結束後,以播出率接收視聽串流。
按照方法之一變化具體例,漂移是視訊展示時間戳記和最後節目時鐘參考間之差異。
按照方法之變化具體例,若差異低於叢發輸送的過量資料輸送期間,則偏差值等於漂移,否則偏差值為過量資料輸送期間。
按照方法之一變化具體例,方法又包括監視聽訊框和視訊框間之漂移;若聽訊框和視訊框間之漂移改變,則根據聽訊框和視訊框間之漂移,重新啟用解碼器時鐘。
按照方法之一變化具體例,方法又包括監視叢發特徵;若叢發特徵改變,則根據所改變叢發特徵,重新啟用解碼器時鐘。
按照方法之一變化具體例,方法又包括監視聽訊框和視訊框間之漂移,並監視叢發特徵,若漂移或叢發特徵改變,則根據改變漂移,或根據改變叢發特徵,重新啟用解碼器時鐘。
按照方法之一變化具體例,在利用視聽接收裝置輸出運動影像出現之前,完成重新啟用解碼器時鐘。
按照方法之一變化具體例,解碼器時鐘為系統時鐘。
本案內容亦關於視聽接收裝置,包括解碼器時鐘啟用器,構成以在接到視訊展示時間戳記前接收的最後節目時鐘參考值加偏差值,啟用視聽接收裝置之解碼器時鐘,其中偏差值為叢發輸送內聽訊框和相對應視訊框間之漂移,以及叢發輸送的過量資料輸送期間之函數,該期間界定為資料較播出率輸送過量接收時的叢發輸送一部份之期間。
按照一變化具體例,視聽接收裝置又包括:介面,構成接收變換頻道命令(例如從使用者,經遙控介面);網路介面,構成從選定視聽頻道,發送要求叢發輸送視聽內容;而網路介面又構成在叢發輸送結束之前,從按播出率傳輸,變換成接收視聽內容。
按照視聽接收裝置之一變化具體例,解碼器時鐘啟用器又構成計算漂移,為視訊展示時間戳記和最後節目時鐘參考間之差異。
按照視聽接收裝置之一變化具體例,解碼器時鐘啟用器又構成計算偏差值,若差異低於叢發接收的過量資料輸送期間,則偏差值係等
於漂移,其中偏差值即為過量資料輸送期間。
10‧‧‧AV伺服器
3,5,12,13,14‧‧‧AV接收器
30‧‧‧解多工器
31‧‧‧聽訊緩衝器
32‧‧‧視訊緩衝器
33‧‧‧聽訊解碼器
34‧‧‧視訊解碼器
35‧‧‧系統時鐘
36‧‧‧聽訊同步比較器
37‧‧‧視訊同步比較器
38‧‧‧視聽驅動器
50‧‧‧STC啟用塊
60‧‧‧中央處理單位
61‧‧‧非無常性記憶體
62‧‧‧無常性記憶體
63‧‧‧網路介面
64‧‧‧時鐘單位
65‧‧‧AV驅動器
66‧‧‧遙控介面
67‧‧‧遙控器
68‧‧‧通訊匯流排
98‧‧‧網路
99‧‧‧網路介面
101‧‧‧IP多播模組
102‧‧‧IP單播模組
110‧‧‧IP網路
180‧‧‧AV輸出
223‧‧‧改換成多播接收
224‧‧‧接收單播叢發
224‧‧‧接收多播
227‧‧‧時間標示(橫座標)
228‧‧‧叢發比(縱座標)
228‧‧‧過量資料
229‧‧‧過量資料期間
230‧‧‧過量帶寬
231‧‧‧叢發期間
300‧‧‧AV串流
301‧‧‧聽訊相關訊包
302‧‧‧視訊相關訊包
303‧‧‧最後PCR
310‧‧‧聽訊訊包
311‧‧‧聽訊PTS
320‧‧‧視訊訊包
321‧‧‧視訊PTS
330‧‧‧聽訊
340‧‧‧視訊
350‧‧‧STC值
360‧‧‧控制訊號
370‧‧‧控制訊號
380‧‧‧AV輸出
400‧‧‧變換頻道命令
401‧‧‧AV接收器資源停止
403‧‧‧接收
405‧‧‧完成AV接收器資源啟用
407‧‧‧檢復第一視訊PTS
409‧‧‧啟用AV接收器STC35
409a‧‧‧在T2啟用STC35
501‧‧‧從解多工器接收PCR
502‧‧‧STC 35以接到第一視訊PTS前所接收最後PCR加偏差值(PCR@VPTS+偏差值)啟用
411‧‧‧第一運動影像(有語音同步聽訊)
411a‧‧‧第一運動影像(無語音同步聽訊)
411b‧‧‧語音同步聽訊結合運動影像
412‧‧‧變換頻道延遲1500ms
412a‧‧‧變換頻道延遲660ms
412b‧‧‧語音同步延遲2100ms
70‧‧‧啟用
71‧‧‧TX要求叢發接收
72‧‧‧接到視訊展示時間戳記(VPTS)否?
73‧‧‧計算偏差值
74‧‧‧以在VPTS+偏差值之前所接收節目時計參考(PCR),啟用解碼器系統時鐘(STC)
75‧‧‧叢發結束否?
76‧‧‧接收播出率
77‧‧‧完成
本案原理更好是透過內容特殊之非限制性具體例說明,即可明白。為說明可獲得本案原理優點之方式,參照附圖繪示之特別具體例描述本案原理之特殊說明。附圖繪示內容之實施具體例,故不視為限制其範圍。所述具體例可組合形成特優具體例。以下附圖中,標示與前圖已述項目同樣參考號碼之項目,不再贅述,以免內容發生不必要的混淆。
實施具體例將參照下圖說明:第1圖為根據IP單播叢發傳輸之快速變換頻道環境;第2圖繪示IP單播叢發傳輸至AV接收器,與經由IP多播傳輸AV串流並行;第3圖為先前技術IP AV接收器;第4圖為快速變換頻道時序圖;第5圖為本案原理一具體例之IP AV接收器。
第1圖為根據IP單播叢發傳輸之快速變換頻道環境。幾個視聽接收器12,13,14連接到IP網路110。視聽伺服器10包括IP多播模組101和IP單播模組102。
第2圖繪示IP單播叢發傳輸,從AV伺服器,諸如第1圖之AV伺服器10,至IP AV接收器,諸如第1圖之AV接收器12,13或14,與相當於同樣AV內容的AV串流之IP多播傳輸並行。縱座標228標示的是叢發比:
例如,若burst_rate為2.84Mbit/s,而normal_play_rate為2Mbit/s,burst_ratio即為1.42。時間標示在橫座標227上。AV接收器在變換頻道命令後,以相當於所要求頻道的AV內容,要求單播叢發串流。AV伺服器10內之IP單播模組102,傳送關於新頻道的資料,比播出率快,於此為播出率1.42倍之叢發比,參見225。「播出率」在此指正常播放率,即AV內容以正常播放速度(於此界定為1)播放之速率。在T0,參見220,
AV接收器12接到所要求頻道之首發資料。以比正常播放率快接收資料,可容許AV接收器在較短時期內檢復足夠資料,在離變換頻道命令起的T1’=1500ms,以語音同步聽訊,開始描繪運動影像,參見221。AV接收器繼續從單播叢發串流224接收AV資料,直到單播叢發串流傳輸224在T1=2s停止,參見222。然後,AV接收器以播出率,參見226,從多播串流224改換成接收與新頻道相關的AV資料,參見223。AV接收器繼續從多播串流224接收AV資料,直到又變換頻道。因此,可觀察到在叢發期間231,在IP網路上取得過量帶寬230。又可觀察到T1’後的叢發當中接收的資料量,直到叢發結束T1,接收器從T0改到T1多播已接收資料量都呈過量。此時期稱為過量資料期間,參見229。過量資料期間是按下式計算:
設叢發比1.42,而叢發期間2000ms,則叢發過量資料期間為592ms,意思是以1.42率叢發輸送2000ms,接收叢發過量資料期間為592ms。此相當於補充資料840ms之excess_data_duration,供以播出率消費(=burst_excess_data_duration×burst_ratio)。為直接從叢發比和叢發期間計算播出率之excess_data_duration,可應用下式:excess_data_duration=burst_duration*burst_ratio-burst_duration (3)
過量接到之資料量,稱為過量資料,參考228。
第3圖為先前技術IP AV接收器3,諸如包括於IP機上盒內者。第3圖之AV接收器相當於例如第1圖所示AV接收器12,13或14之一。IP AV接收器3經由網路介面99,從連接到IP網路(例如第1圖之IP網路110)之AV伺服器(例如從第1圖之伺服器10),接收AV串流300。AV串流300在解多工器30內解多工化,摘取AV串流內包括之訊包,輸出聽訊相關訊包301和視訊相關訊包302。聽訊訊包饋送至聽訊緩衝器31,而視訊訊包饋送至視訊緩衝器32。在視訊緩衝器出口,把視訊展示時間戳記(PTS)訊包,提供給系統時鐘(STC)35。STC為在接收器3內部之時鐘。為一種計數器,通常以頻率遞增,接近編碼器時鐘(例如伺服器10內之編碼器所用)。AV串流內包括的節目時鐘參考(PCR)訊包,用於與前端,例如衛星或數位地面電視(DTT)接收的調諧器前端,在AV接收器內連續
解碼器/編碼器同步化。聽訊和視訊PTS為時序訊包,包括與PCR有關之時間戳記值,並指示在AV串流內繼PTS後將展示(或描繪)的PCR值聽訊或視訊訊包。然而,在IP接收器內,PCR訊包用於初始解碼器/編碼器同步化,而非用於連續性解碼器/編碼器同步化,因為IP輸送網路不同步字元引起傳送顫動所致技術不可行性。對IP AV接收器3而言,為使解碼器時鐘和編碼器時鐘同步化,STC一度(例如在變換頻道之際),以所接收PCR 321值啟用。STC 35輸出STC計數器值350。聽訊訊包310從聽訊緩衝器31,輸入到聽訊解碼器33。視訊訊包從視訊緩衝器32,輸入到視訊解碼器34。聽訊PTS再從聽訊緩衝器31,輸入到聽訊同步比較器36。視訊PTS再從視訊緩衝器32,輸入到視訊同步比較器37。數值從STC 350輸入到聽訊同步比較器36和視訊同步比較器37。聽訊同步比較器比較所接收PTS 311與STC值350。若所接收聽訊PTS 311等於STC值350,即輸出控制訊號360至聽訊解碼器33,再將次一聽訊訊包310解碼,輸出解碼之聽訊330。對視訊亦同此;視訊同步比較器37比較所接收視訊PTS 321與STC值350。若所接收視訊PTS 321等於STC值350,即輸出控制訊號360至視訊解碼器34,再將次一視訊訊包220解碼,輸出解碼之視訊340。最後,視聽驅動器38轉換、放大和適應視聽,供在AV輸出380輸出。視情形需要,接收器3比較使用者介面(圖上未示),供從例如觸覺顯示幕、滑鼠、鍵盤和/或遙控裝置,接收使用者命令。
第4圖為快速變換頻道時序圖。上方時線為例如第1圖繪示先前技術AV接收器12,13或14,相當於第3圖之AV接收器3,實施之快速變換頻道,而下方時線為按照本案原理具體例之AV接收器,諸如第5圖之AV接收器5,實施之快速變換頻道。圖上延遲時間指示僅供參考目的,與第2圖繪示叢發特徵有一貫性。
在時序圖如第4圖上方所示之先前技術AV接收器中,操作AV接收器的使用者所感受變換頻道延遲約1500ms,參見412。使用者感受到的此變換頻道時間,相當於接到變換頻道命令時刻,參見400,直到描繪第一運動影像(有語音同步聽訊)時刻,參見411。於接到變換頻道命令時400,AV接收器資源即告停止,參見401,利用內部控制器(第3圖未示;內部控制器僅例如微控制器或中央處理單位);例如利用解碼器34之視訊
解碼,並停止存取控制模組(第3圖未示),而要求頻道以單播叢發傳輸,即傳送到快速變換頻道伺服器(例如第1圖之伺服器10),與要求結合相當於同樣頻道的多播傳輸之傳輸平行或早先。在T0,參見403,相當於離接收變換頻道命令400有100ms(參見402),AV接收器3接收來自有關要求頻道的單播傳輸之第一資料,把資料儲存於聽訊緩衝器31和視訊緩衝器32。利用控制訊號370觸發時,視訊解碼器34即從視訊緩衝器32摘取資料。接到所要求頻道第一資料後200毫秒,參見404,即完成AV接收器資源啟用,參見405。100毫秒後,參見406,從視訊緩衝器32檢復第一視訊PTS,參見407,並傳送至視訊同步比較器37。視訊解碼器34從視訊緩衝器32檢復之第一影像,可利用解碼器34解碼,在AV輸出380輸出,但仍保留凍結,直到視訊同步比較器37決定從STC 35接到的STC值350,已達視訊PTS 321值。100毫秒後,參見408,以在接到第一視訊PTS時所接到PCR值,啟用AV接收器STC 35,參見409(PCR@FVPTS),T2。常常接到PCR,例如每40ms。PCR@FVPTS相當於例如接到第一視訊PTS(FVPTS)時刻大約40ms期間的視窗內,所接到最後PCR。解碼器會等候視訊解碼,直到語音同步聽訊具有視訊。通常約T2起1000ms,如果視聽漂移為1000ms,參見410。視聽漂移或AV漂移為資料傳輸中視訊框和聽訊框間之間隙。在T3,參見411,離STC啟用一秒,參見410,描繪第一運動影像(有語音同步聽訊),參見411。結果,以先前技術AV接收器感受到變換頻道延遲約1500ms,參見412。
與變換頻道時序圖如第4圖上方所示的先前技術AV接收器相對比的是,按照本案原理之AV接收器,其變換頻道圖如第4圖下方所示,容許大為減少所感受變換頻道延遲。參照401至408所指涉延遲,與先前技術AV接收器相同。與先前技術AV接收器相對的是,在按照本案原理的AV接收器中,以PCR@FVPTS值加一偏差值,在T2啟用STC 35,參見409a。此結果為在T3之第一運動影像,參見411a,即離T2約160ms所示視訊,參見410a,所感受變換頻道延遲為660ms,參見412a。在,參見413,在離描繪第一運動影像又延遲1340ms後,語音聽訊結合視訊,參見410b。第一次描繪運動影像從1500ms縮減到660ms,參見414,相當於縮減約66%。
如何獲得此優點,說明如下。
考慮第一種情況,不具有叢發。可視為當接收器備妥,於接到第一視訊PTS時,即開始視訊解碼,在此情況下,STC應在T2,以PTS@FVPTS啟用。無AV漂移時,亦可如此。在編碼視聽資料時,聽訊框可滯後於其相關之視訊框。聽訊框和視訊框間之此項滯後,稱為視聽漂移或AV漂移。例如當視訊序列包括高度動態場景時,會發生重大AV漂移;在此情況,視訊壓縮率低,因為隨後影像間之相似性低,造成來自編碼器的視訊訊包序列長,其中無或只有減少空間,可用於安置聽訊訊包。實務上,接收器可預計接收視聽串流,最大期待視聽漂移為1000ms。然而,在T2以PTS@FVPTS啟用STC,且有AV漂移時,則無機會提供有視訊之語音同步聽訊,因為不可能讓聽訊訊包趕上視訊訊包。若同時要提供語音同步聽訊,視訊解碼勢必減緩、停止,或視訊訊包會降到致使聽訊趕上視訊。
考慮第二種情況,具有叢發。叢發輸送視聽訊包的速率,高於AV接收器消費的速率。此優點是,可以比無叢發的第一種情況更早開始解碼。在AV漂移情況時,視訊解碼還是可以比無叢發之情況更早開始,但要考慮到二種副情況。
在第二種情況之第一種副情況中,AV漂移遜於或等於過量資料期間。則可省略延遲開始以AV漂移值之視訊解碼,因為保證聽訊可在叢發結束或之前趕上視訊,因為叢發內過量資料之故。在叢發結束時或之前確保語音同步聽訊。因此,在T2,於STC添加偏差值,等於AV漂移值,其效果是,視訊解碼可比無叢發情況更早開始AV漂移。
在第二種情況之第二種副情況中,AV漂移優於過量資料期間。此時,叢發內之過量資料不再能完全補償AV漂移(只能補償過量資料期間),如果STC要添加之偏差值,是按第一種副情況計算,則有礙語音同步聽訊。為保證語音同步聽訊,按第一種副情況所計算視訊解碼開始時刻,因而延遲AV漂移期間,不能由過量資料期間補償,即以一值AV_drift-excess_data_duration。則在T2添加於STC之偏差值,為第一種副情況所計算減AV_drift-excess_data_duration之偏差值,得偏差值=AV_drift-(AV_drift-excess_data_duration),意即偏差值=excess_data_duration。
上述可以如下假碼綜合:
If(AV_drift<excess_data_duration) offset=AV_drift Else offset=excess_data_duration (4)
在第4圖下方,接收器在T2備妥設定STC 35,參見409a,即離T0有400ms,參見403。設以第2圖之叢發特徵例,和視聽漂移1000ms例,應用式(4)得偏差值840ms。在T2設定STC於此值,結果在160ms顯示第一運動影像,參見410a,在T3,參見411a。語音同步聽訊會在T4,即叢發結束時,1340ms後,結合視訊。視訊在T3,離變換頻道命令660ms,開始播放,比第4圖上方時序圖所示先前技術AV接收器早840ms,參見414,而語音同步聽訊比先前技術AV接收器晚740ms,結合視訊,參見415。
若傳輸環境無控制,叢發特徵會受到變化。變化具體例會顧慮到叢發特徵和/或視聽漂移的變化,並規則性重新計算偏差值,或在此等參數改變時,重新計算。誠然,由於變化網路帶寬,第2圖的直線224可能會呈曲線。過量資料時期229比預期短些或長些。過量帶寬230可比預期高些或低些。如此會造成過量資料比預期快些或慢些輸送。
顧及叢發特徵變化之第一變化具體例,包括在AV接收時,監督叢發特徵。在411a點之前,完成第一層次監督。在此點之前,任何STC更新無視覺或聽覺效果,因為視訊尚無運動,且無聽訊描繪,因為聽訊只有在可能語音同步時才描繪。於此時期,若叢發特徵監督結果並非預期,可重新計算偏差值,即可進行基於重新偏差值之STC更新,對視聽描繪無任何效應,諸如在發生視訊開始後的視訊凍結,和/或聽訊故障。STC更新由於監督結果,視更新值而定;T3是視訊運動可看見之點(即在視聽裝置輸出運動影像時),比先前計算較早或較晚出現。例如,若監督叢發特徵顯示叢發比低於預期,例如非1.42,而是1.1,隨之burst_excess_data_duration為282ms,取代592ms。由式(4)可知STC以偏差值400ms代替840ms再啟用,視訊解碼即比早先計算晚840-400=440ms開始。若反過來,叢發比高於預期,偏差值可減少,再啟用STC,因而偏差值減少,顯示第一運動影像之時刻,即比早先所計算推前。若叢發特徵改變,當然就要重新計算偏差值,再啟用STC。
又一變化具體例考慮到AV漂移之變化,包括監督AV漂移
特徵,在AV_drift改變時,按照式(4)重新計算偏差值。可在接收視訊PTS時,決定AV_drift;在視訊PTS和視訊PTS之前接到的最後PCR中間有差異。若AV漂移改變,當然就重新計算偏差值,再啟用STC。
按照一變化具體例,監督叢發特徵和AV_drift二者,均考慮到叢發特徵和/或AV_drift之變化。若有任何改變,即重新計算偏差值,和再啟用STC。
按照可與任一上述具體例組合之一變化具體例,在411a點之後進行第二次監督,做為安全解決方式,確保全部串流均在預期語音同步點同步化,因而避免變換頻道造成視訊無語音同步聽訊。此變化具體例從先前監督微分,先前監督是在411a點之前進行,使STC更新對至少視訊描繪產生衝擊。此第二次監督可在T3後,利用最後接到PCR和現時STC值比較,加以實施。若STC在前,必須至少以差異小修,造成視覺假象(影像凍結或相反的影像跳躍)。
按照監督叢發特徵(和可能AV漂移)之又一變化具體例,根據起初預期的叢發特徵,STC在T2設定後即減緩,以確保視訊運動可在任何情況,於預期時間發生。此舉可能造成視訊描繪的視覺減緩。舉例而言,若叢發比低於預期,則STC可在T2和T3之間減緩,以確保PCR和STC會同值,在預定時間T4即可能語音同步。減緩因數是利用叢發比發展之因數決定;例如,若在監督之際,決定真正叢發比為低於預期之66%,則STC時鐘速度即可設定在正常速度的66%。一旦到達語音同步點,即T4,STC時鐘速度則重設於其正常速度,以顯示視訊和聽訊及其他串流(如有電傳文訊、終止標示/副標題等)之相位一致。
因此,按照本案原理,視訊先是無聽訊顯示,然後才結合語音同步聽訊。
第5圖為本案原理具體例之IP AV接收器5。IP AV接收器5包括STC啟用塊50,供按照本案原理啟用STC。從解多工器30接收PCR,參見501。從視訊緩衝器32接到視訊PTS 321。STC 35以接到第一視訊PTS前所接收最後PCR,加偏差值(PCR@VPTS+偏差值)啟用,參見502,偏差值於此按照式(4)計算。
第6圖為本案原理視聽接收裝置之一變化具體例。接收器包
括網路介面63,連接到網路98,構成傳送要求從所選用視訊頻道,叢發接收視聽內容;中央處理單位60,以接到視訊展示時間戳記前接收的最後節目時鐘參考值,加偏差值,啟用視聽接收裝置內之解碼器時鐘,其中偏差值為叢發該內聽訊框和視訊框間漂移,以及該叢發接收的過量資料輸送期間為函數;和網路介面63,又構成在該叢發接收結束之前,從以播出率傳輸,改換到接收視聽內容。解碼器時鐘是導自時鐘單位64。視訊和聽訊則經由AV驅動器65,在AV輸出180輸出。裝置又包括非無常性記憶體61,供儲存處理器60可讀取之指令和資料,以及無常性記憶體62,其內處理器可讀寫資料。例如變換頻道之使用者命令,可經由遙控器67和遙控介面66接收。元件60-66係透過內部資料和通訊匯流排68通訊。
第7圖為本案原理之方法具體例流程圖。在第一步驟70,啟用任何變數和記憶體空間,在執行方法之際使用。在步驟71,接到變換頻道命令,把從選用視聽頻道要求單播叢發接收視聽內容,傳送到例如FCC伺服器。從單播叢發接到視訊PTS時(參見72),計算偏差值(參見73),為單播叢發內視訊框和相對應聽訊框間漂移(AV漂移),和單播叢發接收的過量資料輸送期間之函數。於此,「相對應聽訊框」意指要與視訊框同步描繪之聽訊框,以便能夠提供語音同步化。過量資料輸送期間為excess_data_duration,如式(3)所列。然後,在步驟74,以接到視訊PTS前所接收最後PCR值,加上所計算偏差值,啟用解碼器之解碼時鐘(例如STC)。
在單播叢發接到75之前或結束時,操作轉換到多播傳輸76所選用頻道內容,並完成快速變換頻道(參見77)。
雖然前述實施具體例喚起單播叢發傳輸,並以廣播式傳輸特別有效的播出率,更換到多播傳輸,惟本案原理亦可應用到其他視聽串流輸送環境,諸如PVR(個人錄影機)或VoD(應需視訊)。在如此環境裡,視訊伺服器可先以叢發形式傳送所要求之視聽串流,而在叢發末端繼續以播出率傳送所要求之視聽串流。在此情況,視聽接收裝置不操作從例如由單播叢發傳輸接收視聽資料,更換到例如以播出率之多播傳輸;同一視聽伺服器可以管理叢發傳輸以及播出率傳輸。
按照本案原理,視訊先以無聽訊顯示,稍後再結合語音同步聽訊。
圖上有些元件可能在所有具體例中不用或不必要。有些操作可並列執行。除圖示和/或所述外,可有其他變化具體例。
凡技術專家均知,本案原理諸要旨可以系統、方法或電腦可讀式媒體具現。因此,本案原理諸要旨可採取形式有,全硬體具體例、全軟體具體例(包含韌體、常駐軟體、微碼等),或合併硬體和軟體要旨之具體例,在此一般可界定為「電路」、「模組」或「系統」。再者,本案原理諸要旨可採取電腦可讀式儲存媒體之形式。一或以上電腦可讀式儲存媒體之任何組合式,均可利用。
因此,例如技術專家均知,於此呈現的圖式代表本案內容原理具體化例示系統組件和/或電路集之構想視圖。同理,須知任何流程圖、程序框圖、狀態過渡圖、假碼等,表示各種製程,可實質上表現在電腦可讀式儲存媒體內,並且以電腦或處理器執行,無論此電腦或處理器是否明確圖示。
電腦可讀式儲存媒體之形式可採取在一或以上電腦可讀式媒體內具體化之電腦可讀式程式製品,上面有具現之電腦可讀式程式碼,可利用電腦執行。於此所用電腦可讀式儲存媒體,可視為非暫態儲存媒體,賦有基本能力儲存資訊,以及基本能力提供由此檢復資訊。電腦可讀式儲存媒體可例如但不限於電子、磁性、光學、電磁、紅外線、或半導體系統、儀器或裝置,或前述之任何適應組合。須知以下列舉本案原理可應電腦可讀式儲存媒體之更特殊實施例,而非全列,為技術專家所易知:可攜式電腦磁電;硬碟;唯讀記憶體(ROM);可抹除可規劃唯讀記憶體(EPROM,或快閃記憶體);可攜式光碟唯讀記憶體(CD-ROM);光學儲存裝置;磁性儲存裝置;或前述之任一適當組合式。
70‧‧‧啟用
71‧‧‧TX要求叢發接收
72‧‧‧接到視訊展示時間戳記(VPTS)否?
73‧‧‧計算偏差值
74‧‧‧以在VPTS+偏差值之前所接收節目時計參考(PCR),啟用解碼器系統時鐘(STC)
75‧‧‧叢發結束否?
76‧‧‧接收播出率
77‧‧‧完成
Claims (12)
- 一種視聽接收裝置快速變換頻道之方法,透過網際網路協定網路接收視聽串流,其特徵為,方法係以該視聽接收裝置實施,此方法包括:˙接收變換頻道命令;˙傳送(71)要求叢發輸送(224)相當於新頻道之視聽串流;˙在接到該叢發輸送所包括視訊展示時間戳記之前,該叢發輸送所包括最後節目時鐘參考值,加偏差值,啟用(74)該視聽接收裝置內之解碼器時鐘,其中該偏差值為該叢發內視訊框和相對應聽訊框間的漂移,以及該叢發輸送的過量資料輸送(229)期間之函數,該期間界定為資料較播出率輸送過量接收時的該叢發輸送一部份之期間;˙在該叢發輸送結束後,以播出率接收該視聽串流者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該漂移為該視訊展示時間戳記和該最後節目時鐘參考間之差異者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中若該差異低於該叢發輸送之該過量資料輸送期間,則該偏差值等於該漂移,否則,該偏差值為該過量資料輸送期間者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,又包括:˙監督聽訊框和視訊框間之該漂移;˙若聽訊框和視訊框間之該漂移改變,則根據聽訊框和視訊框間之該漂移改變,再啟用該解碼器時鐘者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,又包括:˙監督叢發特徵;˙若該叢發特徵改變,則根據該改變之叢發特徵,再啟用該解碼器時鐘者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,又包括監督該聽訊框和視訊框間之該漂移,且監督叢發特徵,並根據該改變之漂移和該改變之叢發特徵,若該漂移或該叢發特徵改變,再啟用該解碼器時鐘者。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中在該視聽接收裝置輸出運動影像的出現之前,完成該解碼器時鐘之該再啟用者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該解碼器時鐘為系統時鐘者。
- 一種視聽接收裝置(4,6),其特徵為,包括:解碼器時鐘啟用器(50),構成以接到視訊展示時間戳記之前所接到最後節目時鐘參考值加偏差值,啟用視聽接收裝置之解碼器時鐘,其中該偏差值為叢發輸送內聽訊框和視訊框間的漂移,以及該叢發輸送的過量資料輸送(229)期間之函數,該期間界定為資料較播出率輸送過量接收時的該叢發輸送一部份期間者。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之視聽接收裝置,其中裝置又包括:˙介面(66),構成接收變換頻道命令;˙網路介面(99,63),構成傳送要求從選用視聽頻道叢發輸送視聽內容;˙該網路介面又構成在該叢發輸送結束之前,從以播出率傳輸改變為接收視聽內容者。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之視聽接收裝置,其中該解碼器時鐘啟用器又構成計算該漂移,為該視訊展示時間戳記和該最後節目時鐘參考間之差異者。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之視聽接收裝置,其中該解碼器時鐘啟用器又構成計算該偏差值,若該差異低於該叢發接收的該過量資料輸送期間,即等於該漂移,否則,該偏差值則為該過量資料輸送期間者。
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