TWI732411B - 雷射指示器脈衝偵測器、雷射偵測系統及識別至少一個標靶之方法 - Google Patents

雷射指示器脈衝偵測器、雷射偵測系統及識別至少一個標靶之方法 Download PDF

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TWI732411B
TWI732411B TW109100229A TW109100229A TWI732411B TW I732411 B TWI732411 B TW I732411B TW 109100229 A TW109100229 A TW 109100229A TW 109100229 A TW109100229 A TW 109100229A TW I732411 B TWI732411 B TW I732411B
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喬納森 奈賽米
羅伯特 羅茲洛取
約翰 P 巴比
安德魯 艾克哈特
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    • F41G3/14—Indirect aiming means
    • F41G3/145—Indirect aiming means using a target illuminator
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    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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    • G01S7/484—Transmitters
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    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
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    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
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    • G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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Abstract

一種脈衝重複頻率偵測器、追蹤器及解碼器包括經組態以將雷射信號轉換成電信號的光偵測器之一二維InGaAs FPA。一ROIC可操作地連接至該InGaAs FPA以調節來自該InGaAs FPA之電信號。一模組可操作地連接至該ROIC以解碼該等經調節之電信號中的脈衝碼及提供用於在二維空間中追蹤經解碼之雷射光點的輸出。在另一態樣中，一種成像裝置包括一成像器，該成像器具有可操作地連接至一第一ROIC以進行成像的一成像FPA。如下文所描述包括一第二ROIC之一种脈衝重複頻率偵測器、追蹤器及解碼器可操作地連接至該第一ROIC。該等第一及第二ROIC被可操作地連接以使來自該成像FPA之影像中的經解碼之雷射光點的位置相關。

Description

雷射指示器脈衝偵測器、雷射偵測系統及識別至少一個標靶之方法
本揭示案係關於雷射指示，且更明確言之，係關於對來自脈衝雷射指示器之脈衝雷射簽字的偵測、追蹤及解碼。
此項技術中已知有各種裝置及方法用於雷射光點追蹤。傳統雷射指示系統包括雷射指示器，該雷射指示器用於照射相關物件或對相關物件作畫。雷射指示器根據如由使用者指定之設定以預定脈衝串之形式發出雷射脈衝。追蹤裝置可偵測雷射光點且對其進行追蹤。
此類習知方法及系統就其既定目的而言，通常被認為係令人滿意的。然而，此項技術中仍需要改良之雷射指示器脈衝偵測。本揭示案提供符合此種需要之解決方案。
一種脈衝重複頻率(PRF)偵測器及解碼器包括經組態以將入射雷射能量轉換成電信號的光偵測器之二維砷化銦鎵(InGaAs)焦面陣列(FPA)。讀出積體電路(ROIC)可操作地連接至該FPA以調節來自該FPA之電信號。一模組可操作地連接至該ROIC以偵測、解碼及追蹤該等經調節之電信號中的脈衝雷射能量及提供用於在二維空間中追蹤經解碼之雷射光 點的輸出。
該InGaAs FPA可經組態以接收直至且包括1700nm之波長，例如1064nm之SWIR波長、1550nm波長或任何其他合適之波長。該InGaAs FPA可包括複數列及複數行光偵測器。該InGaAs FPA可包括光偵測器之至少一32乘32陣列。
該ROIC可經組態以在至少20kHz之頻率下自該InGaAs FPA進行讀取。該ROIC可操作地連接至該InGaAs FPA以調節電信號以便在該模組中同時追蹤及解碼多個雷射光點。
可操作地連接至該ROIC之該模組可包括經組態以指示該模組進行以下操作的機器可讀指令：自該ROIC接收關於自至少一個標靶反射之脈衝能量之一連串跨時影像的信號，每一影像包括與不同之雷射指示器有關的複數個脈衝；在所接收到之影像中的一影像中偵測該等脈衝；輸出脈衝偵測資訊，該脈衝偵測資訊包括與各別偵測到之脈衝相關聯的XY像素座標及到達時間資訊；使該脈衝偵測資訊與特定之雷射指示器源相關聯；及產生關於該至少一個標靶在空間中之輸出位置資訊，該輸出位置係基於該等XY像素座標且與對應之雷射指示器相關聯。亦預期到，該等機器可讀指令可包括經組態以指示該模組進行以下操作的指令：相對於與具有相同脈衝碼的一先前接收及偵測到之脈衝相關聯的脈衝偵測器資訊來判定與該等偵測到之脈衝中之一者相關聯的相關聯之XY像素座標之間的距離是否在預定臨限值內；及倘若如此，則驗證與該等偵測到之脈衝中之該者相關聯的脈衝偵測器資訊。
濾波器組合件可耦接至該光偵測器系統以改良信號雜訊比。可包括輸出連接器以連接至成像裝置以便將經解碼之雷射脈衝資料自 該模組傳送至成像裝置。
在另一態樣中，一種成像裝置包括成像器，該成像器具有可操作地連接至第一ROIC以進行成像的成像FPA。如上文所描述包括第二ROIC之脈衝重複頻率解碼器可操作地連接至該第一ROIC。該等第一及第二ROIC被可操作地連接以使來自該成像FPA之影像中的經解碼之雷射光點的位置相關。舉例而言，該成像FPA可經組態以在可見光、熱、夜視及/或任何其他合適之波長中的至少一者中成像，且該InGaAs FPA可經組態以接收直至且包括1700nm之波長。
根據以下對較佳實施例之詳細描述且結合諸圖來理解，本揭示案之系統及方法的此等及其他特徵對於熟習此項技術者而言將變得更顯而易見。
10:標靶
20:雷射指示器
30:射束
50:系統
52:成像器
54:輸入連接器
56:輸出連接器
100:解碼器
102:InGaAs FPA
104:ROIC
106:光學組合件
108:雷射光點
110:雷射光點
112:模組
202:成像FPA
204:ROIC
206:光學組合件
212:模組
為了使熟習本揭示案所屬技術之人員在無需進行過度實驗之情况下會容易地理解如何製作及使用本揭示案之裝置及方法，將在下文參照某些圖式來詳細地描述本揭示案之較佳實施例，其中：圖1為根據本揭示案建構的成像裝置之示例性實施例的示意圖，示出了雷射指示器及標靶；圖2為成像裝置之示例性實施例的分解透視圖，示出了成像器及解碼器；圖3為圖2所示之解碼器的示意圖，示出了具有像素之二維陣列的焦面陣列(FPA)；圖4為圖3所示之焦面陣列的示意圖，示出了像素之該二維陣列上的兩個雷射光點；及 圖5為圖2所示之成像器的示意圖。
現將參考諸圖，在諸圖中，相同元件符號標示本揭示案之相同結構特徵或態樣。為了進行闡釋及說明且不帶限制性，根據本揭示案之脈衝重複頻率解碼器之示例性實施例的局部視圖示於圖2中且通常用元件符號100指示。如將描述，根據本揭示案之解碼器的其他實施例或其態樣提供於圖1及圖3至圖5中。本文中描述之系統及方法可用於偵測及解碼脈衝雷射信號。
首先參考圖1，可藉由雷射指示器20照射標靶10或對標靶10作畫。用元件符號30來標示來自雷射指示器20之入射雷射射束。如藉由圖1中之虛綫所指示，一部分射束30自標靶反射。系統50接收一部分自標靶10反射之雷射。雷射指示器20可對射束30施以脈衝使之帶有預定碼，且可解碼由系統50接收到之脈衝以將標靶資訊提供給使用系統50之人或裝置。
參考圖2，系統50為成像裝置且包括成像器52及解碼器100。輸入連接器54及輸出連接器56將成像器連接至解碼器100以便將經解碼之雷射脈衝資料自解碼器100之模組112傳送至成像器52。可使來自解碼器100的經解碼之雷射脈衝資料與成像器52之影像相關，例如，以在成像器52之目鏡中顯示影像上之雷射指示資料。亦預期到，在某些應用中，獨立裝置可在不需要目鏡之情况下使用成像器52與解碼器100之組合輸出。
現參考圖3，解碼器100包括雷射偵測器，該雷射偵測器具有經組態以將雷射信號轉換成電信號的光偵測器(亦即，焦面陣列(FPA)中 之像素)之二維InGaAs FPA 102。讀出積體電路(ROIC 104)可操作地連接至光偵測器之InGaAs FPA 102以偵測來自光偵測器之InGaAs FPA 102的電信號中之脈衝碼且調節電壓及信號。
光偵測器之InGaAs FPA 102包括複數列及複數行光偵測器。熟習此項技術者將容易瞭解到，可使用任何陣列幾何形狀，且圖2及圖3中示意性地示出之矩形陣列僅為一個實例。預期到合適之InGaAs FPA 102可包括(例如)光偵測器之至少一32乘32陣列。InGaAs FPA 102由InGaAs形成。InGaAs可經組態(例如，可調整砷化銦與砷化鎵之相對量)以接收直至且包括1.7微米之波長，諸如經最佳化而接收1064nm波長輻射、1550nm波長輻射或任何其他合適之波長的InGaAs。
光學組合件106光學地耦接至InGaAs FPA 102，且可包括用於改良信號雜訊比之一或多個濾波器組合件及/或用於由入射輻射在InGaAs FPA 102上形成雷射光點之影像的透鏡組合件，該入射輻射(例如)係來自一或多個指示器20且由一或多個標靶10反射出來。舉例而言，光學組合件106可包括用於最佳化雷射能量之集合的單個單元透鏡或透鏡陣列及在InGaAs FPA 102前面的用於改良信號雜訊雷射偵測之窄頻帶濾波器。
圖4示意性地示出了在InGaAs FPA 102上接收到之兩個雷射光點108及110的影像。此展示了相較於使用象限組態之傳統雷射脈衝解碼器的顯著優點，因為可在二維空間中以明顯較高之空間解析度來追蹤雷射光點108及110，藉此允許使用者或系統更精確地確定脈衝在二維空間中之位置。
再次參考圖2，ROIC 104可具有適於自InGaAs FPA 102讀 取順序影像圖框的(例如)至少20,000fps(20kHz)之圖框速率。此速率允許ROIC 104在InGaAs FPA 102上成像之雷射光點中偵測脈衝碼。當來自指示器20之雷射能量入射於InGaAs FPA 102上時，在FPGA或類似者內處理信號以確定InGaAs FPA 102上偵測到脈衝之位置。ROIC 104可操作地連接至InGaAs FPA 102以同時追蹤及解碼多個雷射光點。
模組112中之輔助電子器件(包括FPGA)被連接上以自ROIC 104接收資料，以解碼經調節之電信號中的脈衝碼及提供用於在二維空間中追蹤經解碼之雷射光點的輸出。模組112可包括(例如)用於控制引導或追蹤系統、用於覆蓋關於來自單獨之成像裝置的影像之雷射光點資訊或類似操作的額外資料處理組件及輸出連接器/介面。
模組112可包括經組態以指示模組112進行以下操作的機器可讀指令：自ROIC 104接收關於自至少一個標靶反射之脈衝能量之一連串跨時影像的信號，每一影像包括與不同之第一及第二脈衝碼有關的複數個脈衝；在所接收到之影像中的一影像中偵測該等脈衝；輸出脈衝偵測資訊，該脈衝偵測資訊包括與各別偵測到之脈衝相關聯的XY像素座標及到達時間資訊；使該脈衝偵測資訊與該等第一及第二脈衝碼相關聯；及產生關於該至少一個標靶在空間中之輸出位置資訊，該輸出位置係基於該等XY像素座標且與對應之第一及第二脈衝相關聯。亦預期到，該等機器可讀指令可包括經組態以指示模組112進行以下操作的指令：相對於與具有相同脈衝碼的一先前接收及偵測到之脈衝相關聯的脈衝偵測器資訊來判定與該等偵測到之脈衝中之一者相關聯的相關聯之XY像素座標之間的距離是否在預定臨限值內；及倘若如此，則驗證與該等偵測到之脈衝中之該者相關聯的脈衝偵測器資訊。
現參考圖5，成像器52包括成像FPA 202，該成像FPA可操作地連接至ROIC 204以進行成像。舉例而言，成像FPA 202可經組態以在可見光、熱、夜視及/或任何其他合適之波長中的至少一者中成像。光學組合件206光學地耦接至成像FPA 202，且可包括用於改良信號雜訊比之一或多個濾波器組合件及/或用於形成影像之透鏡組合件。模組212被可操作地連接以自ROIC 204接收影像資料，且包括(例如)用於使來自ROIC 204之影像資料與來自ROIC 104之經解碼雷射資料相關聯的輔助電子器件及連接器54。ROIC 104及204因此被可操作地連接以使來自成像FPA 202之影像中的經解碼雷射光點之位置相關。解碼器100及成像器52中之每一者可容納於密封之機械殼體中。
如上文所描述及諸圖中所示的本揭示案之方法及系統提供具有優良特性之雷射脈衝偵測器，該等優良特性包括以高空間解析度來追蹤及解碼多個雷射光點。雖然已參考較佳實施例示出及描述了本揭示案之設備及方法，但熟習此項技術者將容易認識到，在不脫離本揭示案之範疇的情况下可對其進行變更及/或修改。
50:系統
52:成像器
54:輸入連接器
56:輸出連接器
100:解碼器

Claims (22)

  1. 一種雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其包括：一InGaAs光偵測器，其經組態以將雷射信號轉換成電信號；及一ROIC，其可操作地連接至該InGaAs光偵測器以調節來自該InGaAs光偵測器之電信號，其中該ROIC可操作地連接至該InGaAs光偵測器以在一獨立模組中同時(at a time)調節用於偵測、追蹤及解碼在多個雷射光點中之經編碼脈衝資訊(coded pulsed information)之信號。
  2. 如請求項1之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其中該InGaAs光偵測器經組態以接收達到且包括1700nm之波長。
  3. 如請求項1之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其中該InGaAs光偵測器經組態以偵測1064nm波長之雷射光。
  4. 如請求項1之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其中該InGaAs光偵測器經組態以偵測1550nm波長之雷射光。
  5. 如請求項1之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其中該ROIC經組態以在20kHz之一頻率下自該InGaAs光偵測器進行讀取。
  6. 如請求項1之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其進一步包括一濾波器組合 件，該濾波器組合件光學地耦接至該InGaAs光偵測器以改善信號雜訊比(signal to noise ratio)。
  7. 一種雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其包括：一光偵測器二維陣列，其經組態以將多個雷射信號轉換成多個電信號；及一ROIC，其可操作地連接至該光偵測器二維陣列以調節來自該光偵測器二維陣列之多個電信號，用於在一獨立模組中偵測、追蹤及解碼在該等電信號中之脈衝碼(pulsed codes)，其中該ROIC可操作地連接至該光偵測器二維陣列以在一獨立模組中同時調節用於偵測、追蹤及解碼在多個雷射光點中之經編碼脈衝資訊之信號。
  8. 如請求項7之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其中該光偵測器二維陣列包括光偵測器之複數個列及複數個行。
  9. 如請求項7之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其中該光偵測器二維陣列包括光偵測器之至少一32乘32陣列。
  10. 如請求項7之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其中該ROIC具有用於自該光偵測器二維陣列讀取圖框的至少20,000fps之圖框速率。
  11. 如請求項7之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其中該光偵測器二維陣列包含InGaAs。
  12. 如請求項11之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其中該InGaAs經組態以接收達到且包括1.7微米之波長。
  13. 如請求項7之雷射指示器脈衝偵測器，其進一步包括一濾波器組合件，該濾波器組合件光學地耦接至該光偵測器二維陣列以改善信號雜訊比。
  14. 一種雷射偵測系統，其包括：一成像器，其用以接收自至少一個標靶(target)反射之脈衝能量之一連串跨時影像(images over time)，每一影像包括與不同之第一及第二脈衝碼(pulse codes)有關的複數個脈衝；一脈衝偵測器，其用以在所接收到之該等影像中之一影像中偵測該等脈衝，且輸出脈衝偵測資訊，該脈衝偵測資訊包括與在各別影像中所偵測到之該等各別脈衝相關聯的影像資訊(image information)中之位置及到達時間資訊(arrival time information)；一脈衝追蹤器，其用以基於與該等各別脈衝相關聯的該影像資訊中之該位置及該到達時間資訊將用於該影像中之各別脈衝之該脈衝偵測資訊與該等第一及第二脈衝碼相關聯、及用以針對空間中之該至少一個標靶產生輸出位置資訊，該輸出位置資訊基於該影像資訊中之該位置且與對應之該等第一及第二脈衝碼相關聯而指示針對該至少一個標靶之多個輸出位置。
  15. 如請求項14之雷射偵測系統，其中該成像器係一短波紅外線(SWIR)成像器。
  16. 如請求項14之雷射偵測系統，其中該脈衝偵測器及該脈衝追蹤之至少一者係實施於一單一積體電路上。
  17. 如請求項14之雷射偵測系統，其中該脈衝追蹤器包含第一及第二驗證器(validators)，其中該脈衝追蹤器將與該第一脈衝碼相關聯之脈衝偵測資訊指定給該第一脈衝驗證器及將與該第二脈衝碼相關聯之脈衝偵測資訊指定給該第二脈衝驗證器。
  18. 如請求項14之雷射偵測系統，其中該脈衝追蹤器基於其與該所偵測脈衝相關聯之該影像資訊中之該相關聯位置之間的一距離是否在相對於一參考位置之一預定臨限值內來驗證與一經偵測脈衝相關聯之脈衝偵測資訊。
  19. 如請求項18之雷射偵測系統，其中該脈衝追蹤器基於與該所偵測脈衝相關聯之該到達時間資訊是否在相對於與具有相同脈衝碼之一先前所接收之所偵測脈衝相關聯之該脈衝偵測資訊之一預定臨限值內來驗證脈衝偵測資訊。
  20. 一種識別至少一個標靶之方法，其包括：接收自該至少一個標靶反射之脈衝能量之一連串跨時影像，各影 像包含與不同的第一及第二脈衝碼相關之複數個脈衝；偵測該等所接收影像之一影像中之該等脈衝；輸出脈衝偵測資訊，該脈衝偵測資訊包含與該等各別所偵測脈衝相關聯之該影像資訊中之位置及到達時間資訊；基於與各別脈衝相關聯之該影像資訊中之該位置及該到達時間資訊，將用於該影像中之該等各別脈衝之該脈衝偵測資訊與該等第一及第二脈衝碼相關聯；及針對空間中之該至少一個標靶產生輸出位置資訊，該輸出位置資訊基於該影像資訊中之該位置且與對應之該等第一及第二脈衝碼相關聯而指示針對該至少一個標靶之多個輸出位置。
  21. 如請求項20之方法，其進一步包括：判定其與相對於一參考位置之該所偵測脈衝相關聯之該影像資訊中之該相關聯位置之間的一距離是否在一預定臨限值內；及若屬實，則驗證與該所偵測脈衝相關聯之脈衝偵測資訊。
  22. 如請求項20之方法，其進一步包括：判定與該所偵測脈衝相關聯之該到達時間資訊是否在相對於與具有相同脈衝碼之一先前所接收之所偵測脈衝相關聯之該脈衝偵測資訊之一預定臨限值內；及若屬實，則驗證與該所偵測脈衝相關聯之脈衝偵測資訊。
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TW201702563A (zh) 2017-01-16
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US20160282178A1 (en) 2016-09-29
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US20160282179A1 (en) 2016-09-29
IL244765A0 (en) 2016-07-31
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TWI684748B (zh) 2020-02-11
TWI676008B (zh) 2019-11-01
US20170199280A1 (en) 2017-07-13
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