TWI710207B - Power supply device and control method of power supply device - Google Patents
Power supply device and control method of power supply device Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本發明的電源裝置(1)包括:能量儲存裝置(10)、將DC輸出轉換為AC輸出的轉換器(20)、控制部(60)。控制部(60)於輸出電流超過第一極限值時,藉由使輸出電壓低於通常時的值,來控制轉換器(20)以使輸出電流的值成為大於第一極限值的規定值。The power supply device (1) of the present invention includes an energy storage device (10), a converter (20) that converts a DC output into an AC output, and a control unit (60). When the output current exceeds the first limit value, the control unit (60) controls the converter (20) so that the value of the output current becomes a predetermined value greater than the first limit value by making the output voltage lower than the normal value.
Description
本發明是有關於一種電源裝置以及電源裝置的控制方法。The invention relates to a power supply device and a control method of the power supply device.
已知一種用於對利用發電系統向電力系統等的電力供給進行備份或平滑化的、包括二次電池等能量儲存裝置的電源裝置。此種電源裝置包括轉換器,該轉換器將能量儲存裝置輸出的直流電力轉換為所需的電壓及頻率的交流電力。於來自發電系統的電力供給下降或停止時,此種電源裝置運作以對電力系統或特定的電氣使用設備供給必要的交流電力。 [現有技術文獻] [專利文獻] Known is a power supply device including an energy storage device such as a secondary battery for backing up or smoothing the power supply from the power generation system to the power system. Such a power supply device includes a converter that converts the DC power output by the energy storage device into AC power of the required voltage and frequency. When the power supply from the power generation system drops or stops, this power supply device operates to supply the necessary AC power to the power system or specific electrical equipment. [Prior Art Literature] [Patent Literature]
專利文獻1:日本專利公報「日本專利第6058147號」Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Publication "Japanese Patent No. 6058147"
[發明所欲解決之課題] 於孤島內或山間部的孤立的電力系統,亦期待應用包括大電容的能量儲存裝置的電源裝置,謀求電力供給的穩定化。於此種電力系統中,對於使用自然能量的發電系統的輸出的平滑化或柴油發電機等需要燃料的發電系統的備份而言,利用該電源裝置。於此種應用中,特別是於包括能量儲存裝置的電源裝置對電力系統供給電力時,即使於電力系統內發生了短路故障等的情況下,認為亦不停止電源裝置的運用,必須盡可能地持續電力供給。 [The problem to be solved by the invention] For isolated power systems in isolated islands or between mountains, power supply devices including large-capacitor energy storage devices are also expected to be used to stabilize power supply. In such a power system, the power supply device is used for smoothing the output of a power generation system using natural energy or for backup of a power generation system requiring fuel such as a diesel generator. In this kind of application, especially when a power supply device including an energy storage device supplies power to the power system, even if a short-circuit fault occurs in the power system, it is considered that the operation of the power supply device should not be stopped. Continuous power supply.
本發明的一態樣著眼於所述課題,且目的在於實現一種包括能量儲存裝置的電源裝置,其即使於電力系統中發生了短路故障等的情況下,亦可以盡可能地持續供給電力。 [解決課題之手段] One aspect of the present invention focuses on the subject, and aims to realize a power supply device including an energy storage device that can continuously supply power as much as possible even when a short-circuit fault occurs in the power system. [Means to solve the problem]
為了解決所述課題,本發明的一態樣的電源裝置包括:能量儲存裝置;轉換器,將所述能量儲存裝置的直流(Direct Current,DC)輸出轉換為交流(Alternating Current,AC)輸出;電流測量器,測量所述AC輸出的電流;電壓測量器,測量所述AC輸出的電壓;以及控制部,控制所述轉換器;且包括如下構成:所述控制部於所述電流的值超過第一極限值時,藉由使所述電壓低於通常值,來控制所述轉換器以使所述電流的值成為大於第一極限值的規定值。In order to solve the problem, a power supply device of one aspect of the present invention includes: an energy storage device; a converter, which converts the direct current (DC) output of the energy storage device into an alternating current (AC) output; A current measuring device that measures the current of the AC output; a voltage measuring device that measures the voltage of the AC output; and a control unit that controls the converter; and includes the following configuration: the control unit is configured to exceed the value of the current At the first limit value, by making the voltage lower than the normal value, the converter is controlled so that the value of the current becomes a predetermined value greater than the first limit value.
為了解決所述課題,本發明的另一態樣的電源裝置包括:能量儲存裝置;轉換器,將所述能量儲存裝置的DC輸出轉換為AC輸出;電流測量器,測量所述AC輸出的電流;電壓測量器,測量所述AC輸出的電壓;以及控制部,控制所述轉換器;且包括如下構成:於所述控制部設置有電流上限設定部、目標電壓設定部、以及輸出指示部,所述電流上限設定部以如下方式運作:於所述電流的值超過第一極限值時,將電流上限值自第一極限值變更為大於第一極限值的第二極限值,並且於所述電流的值下降至未滿第一極限值時,將所述電流上限值自所述第二極限值變更為第一極限值,所述輸出指示部控制所述轉換器,以使所述電壓成為所述目標電壓設定部算出的目標電壓,所述目標電壓設定部於所述電流的值超過所述第一極限值的情況下,使所述目標電壓較通常值降低,以使所述電流的值成為所述電流上限值。In order to solve the problem, a power supply device of another aspect of the present invention includes: an energy storage device; a converter that converts the DC output of the energy storage device into an AC output; and a current measurer that measures the current of the AC output A voltage measuring device that measures the voltage of the AC output; and a control unit that controls the converter; and includes the following structure: the control unit is provided with a current upper limit setting unit, a target voltage setting unit, and an output instruction unit, The current upper limit setting unit operates in the following manner: when the value of the current exceeds the first limit value, the current upper limit is changed from the first limit value to a second limit value greater than the first limit value, and When the value of the current falls below the first limit value, the upper limit value of the current is changed from the second limit value to the first limit value, and the output instruction unit controls the converter so that the The voltage becomes the target voltage calculated by the target voltage setting unit, and when the value of the current exceeds the first limit value, the target voltage setting unit lowers the target voltage from a normal value so that the The value of the current becomes the upper limit value of the current.
為了解決所述課題,本發明的一態樣的電源裝置的控制方法是包括能量儲存裝置及將所述能量儲存裝置的DC輸出轉換為AC輸出的轉換器的電源裝置的控制方法,包括如下的構成:於所述AC輸出的電流的值超過第一極限值時,藉由使所述AC輸出的電壓低於通常值,來控制所述轉換器以使所述電流的值成為大於第一極限值的規定值。 [發明的效果] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a control method of a power supply device of one aspect of the present invention is a control method of a power supply device including an energy storage device and a converter that converts the DC output of the energy storage device into an AC output, including the following Configuration: when the value of the AC output current exceeds the first limit value, the converter is controlled so that the value of the current becomes greater than the first limit value by making the AC output voltage lower than the normal value The specified value of the value. [Effects of the invention]
根據本發明的一態樣的電源裝置,可以提供一種包括能量儲存裝置的電源裝置,其即使於電力系統中發生了短路故障等的情況下,亦可以盡可能地持續供給電力。According to one aspect of the power supply device of the present invention, it is possible to provide a power supply device including an energy storage device, which can continuously supply power as much as possible even when a short-circuit fault occurs in the power system.
根據本發明的一態樣的電源裝置的控制方法,可以實現一種包括能量儲存裝置的電源裝置,其即使於電力系統中發生了短路故障等的情況下,亦可以盡可能持續供給電力。According to an aspect of the control method of a power supply device of the present invention, a power supply device including an energy storage device can be realized, which can continuously supply power as much as possible even when a short-circuit fault occurs in the power system.
〔實施方式〕 以下,對本發明的一實施方式進行詳細說明。 [Implementation Mode] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
<應用電源裝置的電力系統的構成>
圖1是表示實施方式的電源裝置1的圖。於圖1中表示應用了電源裝置1的電力系統100的整體。電源裝置1是包括能量儲存裝置10的可以儲存電力的裝置。電源裝置1輸出的交流電力(AC輸出)被供給至多個饋線(feeder)90。
<Constitution of power system using power supply device>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a
各饋線90包含斷路器(breaker)91及負載92。於各饋線90中,當於所述饋線90內發生短路故障時,斷路器91檢測到過電流持續規定時間而跳閘(trip),而使該饋線90自電力系統100解聯。Each
此外,於圖1中未示出,但於電力系統100中,亦可於電源裝置1並聯配置有太陽能發電系統或風力發電系統等利用自然能量的發電系統。或者,亦可於電源裝置1並聯配置有柴油發電機或汽電共生系統(cogeneration system)等使用燃料的發電系統。電源裝置1可以至少作為該些任一個發電系統的輸出的備份(backup)而應用。於該意義上說,電源裝置1亦為不斷電電源裝置(Uninterruptible Power Supply,UPS)。In addition, it is not shown in FIG. 1, but in the
作為電力系統100的具體例,可以列舉孤島內或山間部的孤立的電力系統。若於此種電力系統中使用利用自然能量的發電系統,則藉由應用包括能量儲存裝置10的電源裝置1,可以實現利用自然能量的電力供給的平滑化。或者,若於此種電力系統100中使用利用燃料的發電系統,則亦可以採用電源裝置1作為防備發電系統的故障的備份電源。As a specific example of the
但是,作為電力系統100的具體例,並不限於孤島內或山間部的孤立的電力系統,亦可以是利用使用自然能量的發電系統或其他發電系統的工場內的電力系統。即使是工場內的電力系統,亦同樣地發揮本發明的揭示例的效果、作用。However, as a specific example of the
實施方式的電源裝置1以如下方式運作:於進行對電力系統100的電力的供給時,即使於饋線90中發生短路故障時,亦儘量不停止運用,而持續對電力系統100供給電力。於以下的說明中,為了容易理解,記載為僅電源裝置1對電力系統100進行電力的供給。但是,若電源裝置1進行對電力系統100的電力的供給,則即使與其他發電系統並行運用,電源裝置1的運作亦同樣。The
<電源裝置的構成>
如圖1所示,電源裝置1包括:能量儲存裝置10、DC-AC轉換器20(轉換器)、濾波器30、電流測量器40、電壓測量器50、以及控制部60。
<Configuration of power supply device>
As shown in FIG. 1, the
能量儲存裝置10是將所輸入的電力作為能量而保持於內部,並視需要將所保持的能量作為直流電力(DC輸出)而輸出的裝置。能量儲存裝置10可以是包括鋰離子電池、NaS(鈉硫)電池、氧化還原液流電池、鉛蓄電池等二次電池的裝置。The
但是,能量儲存裝置10不限於包括二次電池的裝置。作為能量儲存裝置10,可以使用電容器、超導電力儲存單元、飛輪式電力儲存單元、壓縮空氣式電力儲存單元等包括儲存電能的功能的任意的單元。此外,所謂能量儲存裝置10是以直流電力的形式輸出的裝置是亦包含將暫時於內部作為交流電力而輸出的電力藉由整流電路或變換器(converter)等進行直流化而輸出的情況的概念。However, the
DC-AC轉換器20是將能量儲存裝置10所輸出的直流電力(DC輸出)轉換為交流電力(AC輸出)的裝置。DC-AC轉換器20藉由根據來自控制部60的輸出指令的脈寬調變(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM),經由濾波器30將直流電力轉換為電力系統100所利用的所需的電壓、頻率的交流電力。濾波器30是用於去除DC-AC轉換器20的輸出中所包含的諧波的濾波器。電流測量器40、電壓測量器50分別測量電源裝置1所輸出的交流電力(AC輸出)的電流、電壓,並將該資訊傳達至控制部60。The DC-
<控制部的構成>
圖2是表示實施方式的電源裝置1的控制部60的構成的概要的框圖。如圖2所示,於控制部60設置有電流上限設定部61、目標電壓設定部62、輸出指示部63的各功能塊。
<Configuration of control section>
2 is a block diagram showing the outline of the configuration of the
首先,一邊參照圖2一邊對藉由控制部60的控制來執行電源裝置1的運作的概略進行說明。作為於圖2中由虛線所包圍而表示的區域的輸出指示部63是控制DC-AC轉換器20的輸出的控制部通常具備的功能塊。即,於通常時,輸出指示部63參照電壓測量器50檢測出的電壓測量值,而進行DC-AC轉換器20的反饋控制,以輸出一般而言作為額定電壓的目標電壓。First, with reference to FIG. 2, the outline of the operation of the
但是,於本實施方式的控制部60中,輸入至輸出指示部63的目標電壓於通常時,一般而言是作為額定電壓的電壓指令(通常值),但於饋線90內發生了短路故障的情況下等,以如下方式變更。However, in the
電流上限設定部61基於電流測量器40檢測出的電流測量值以如下方式運作。於電流測量值小於第一極限值的通常時,電流上限設定部61算出第一極限值作為電流上限值。此處,第一極限值被設定為即使持續輸出此種電流,DC-AC轉換器20亦不會破損般的電流值。The current upper
當於任一個饋線90中發生短路故障時,流動故障電流,因此DC-AC轉換器20所輸出的電流遽增。於是,電流測量值超過第一極限值。電流上限設定部61於電流測量值超過第一極限值的情況下,使算出的電流上限值增加至第二極限值為止。When a short-circuit fault occurs in any one of the
第二極限值是大於第一極限值的值,且自DC-AC轉換器20的短時間過負載位準以下的值選擇。另外,第二極限值根據如下電流值來設定:藉由於發生了短路故障的饋線90的斷路器91中持續一定時間過電流,而使該斷路器91引起跳閘。作為第二極限值的具體的值,適當的是第一極限值的1.5倍~2倍左右。The second limit value is a value larger than the first limit value and selected from a value below the short-time overload level of the DC-
此外,電流上限設定部61較佳為以值逐漸變化的方式進行自電流上限值的第一極限值向第二極限值的變更。其原因在於,可以穩定地執行伴隨電流上限值的變化的電源裝置1的輸出電壓的控制。In addition, the current upper
目標電壓設定部62於電流測量值超過第一極限值的情況下,算出自電壓指令(一般而言為額定電壓)下降的電壓值作為目標電壓。如此,反饋至輸出指示部63算出的輸出指令,以使電流測量值成為電流上限值(大於第一極限值的規定值)。When the current measurement value exceeds the first limit value, the target
其結果,於短路故障持續進行時,電源裝置1的輸出電壓(電壓測量值)成為自電壓指令下降的某個電壓值,且於輸出電流(電流測量值)成為作為電流上限值的第二極限值時達到平衡。如此,控制為該些值基本一定,且自電源裝置1輸出交流電力(AC輸出)。As a result, when the short-circuit fault continues, the output voltage (measured voltage value) of the
於是,發生了短路故障的饋線90的斷路器91跳閘,而該饋線90解聯。其原因在於,第二極限值被設定為如下般的值,即藉由於發生了短路故障的饋線90的斷路器91中,持續一定時間過電流(故障電流),而產生跳閘。Then, the
當將短路故障發生部位自電力系統100斷開時,不再流出故障電流,DC-AC轉換器20所輸出的電流劇減,而返回至小於第一極限值的值。電流上限設定部61當電流測量值下降至未滿第一極限值時,算出第一極限值作為電壓上限值。也就是說,電壓上限值的設定返回至通常時。When the location where the short-circuit fault occurs is disconnected from the
由於電流測量值未超過電流上限值,因此目標電壓設定部62算出電壓指令(一般而言為額定電壓)作為目標電壓。輸出指示部63對DC-AC轉換器20進行反饋控制,以輸出作為電壓指令的電壓。Since the current measurement value does not exceed the current upper limit value, the target
此外,於電源裝置1的輸出電壓恢復至通常值時,較佳為以逐漸進行該輸出電壓的變化的方式進行控制。其原因在於,當輸出電壓急遽地上升時,於電力系統100的變壓器中會產生過渡性過電流(勵磁突入電流),從而有DC-AC轉換器20等破損的可能。In addition, when the output voltage of the
<實施例1>
以下,對作為電源裝置1的更具體的例示的實施例1及其運作進行說明。圖3是表示實施例1的電源裝置1的控制部60A的控制邏輯的圖。圖4是表示實施例1的電壓測量值(電源裝置1的輸出電壓)、電流測量值(電源裝置1的輸出電流)、以及控制部60A的各點處的控制訊號的時序圖。
<Example 1>
Hereinafter,
於實施例1中,輸出指令是對DC-AC轉換器20指示的輸出電壓的瞬時值。瞬時值Vsin(ωt)是相位分量sin(ωt)與振幅分量V的積。表示相位分量sin(ωt)的相位指令基於頻率指令(相當於ω),藉由相位算出607的功能塊而算出。In
振幅分量V作為振幅指令S1而算出。此外,由於振幅是非負,因此對於振幅指令S1的算出,設置有限制未滿0的訊號的限制器(limiter)606。輸出指令藉由乘法器608將振幅指令S1與相位指令相乘而生成。The amplitude component V is calculated as the amplitude command S1. In addition, since the amplitude is non-negative, a
於圖3中由虛線包圍而表示的部分相當於圖2的輸出指示部63。於通常時,由虛線圍繞而表示的部分以外的部分不影響來自控制部60的輸出指令。於通常時,將電壓指令(一般而言為額定電壓)與電壓測量值的差異(偏差S3)輸入至電壓控制器605。The part enclosed by the broken line in FIG. 3 corresponds to the
電壓控制器605是進行一般的比例積分(Proportional Integral,PI)控制的功能塊。電壓控制器605基於偏差S3及偏差S3的與過去的積分來算出電壓控制器輸出S4。若偏差S3及偏差S3的積分為0,則電壓控制器605繼續算出一定值作為電壓控制器輸出S4。若偏差S3及偏差S3的積分是0以外,則電壓控制器605算出電壓控制器輸出S4以使偏差S3朝向0。如此,控制部60A於通常時(圖4的時刻T1之前),對DC-AC轉換器20進行反饋控制,以使電壓測量值成為電壓指令(一般而言為額定電壓)。The
於實施例1的控制部60A設置有相當於圖2的電流上限設定部61及目標電壓設定部62的功能塊,用於於饋線90中發生了短路故障般的情況下將來自電流測量器40的電流測量值反饋至輸出指令。The control unit 60A of the first embodiment is provided with functional blocks corresponding to the current upper
若為不具有該些功能的一般的反饋控制系統(僅圖3中由虛線包圍而表示的部分),則於饋線90中發生了短路故障般的情況下,成為如下般的運作。If it is a general feedback control system that does not have these functions (only the part indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 3), when a short-circuit fault occurs in the
當於任一個饋線90中發生短路故障時,電源裝置1的輸出電流(電流測量值)遽增,並且輸出電壓(電壓測量值)下降。於是,產生存在電壓指令與電壓測量值的差異(偏差S3為正)的狀態,電壓控制器605欲進一步增大振幅指令。When a short-circuit fault occurs in any one of the
但是,於DC-AC轉換器20可以輸出的電流存在界限,其輸出電壓(電壓測量值)無法恢復至電壓指令(通常值)為止。於電源裝置1中,如電壓控制器605的指令般的電壓成為無法輸出的狀態。於短路故障持續過程中,偏差S3為正的狀態持續,因此電壓控制器605的偏差S3的積分累積,電壓控制器605欲進一步增大振幅指令。However, there is a limit to the current that the DC-
於此種狀態下,當斷路器91跳閘,而故障發生饋線解聯時,故障電流的供給消失,DC-AC轉換器20能夠輸出根據來自電壓控制器605的振幅指令S1的電壓。此時,振幅指令S1大於電壓指令(通常值),從而引起輸出電壓的急遽的上升。In this state, when the
於是,於電力系統100內的變壓器流過過渡性過電流(勵磁突入電流),而有DC-AC轉換器20等破損的可能性。此外,此時,振幅指令即使是電壓指令(通常值),亦引起輸出電壓的急遽的上升,因此,於此種情況下,亦有DC-AC轉換器20等破損的可能性。Then, a transient overcurrent (excitation inrush current) flows through the transformer in the
實際上,於實施例1的控制部60A中,於饋線90內發生了短路故障般的情況下以如下方式運作。In fact, the control unit 60A of the first embodiment operates as follows when a short-circuit fault occurs in the
圖3的電流上限值L1與圖2的電流上限設定部61算出的電流上限值相同。於電流上限值L1小於第一極限值的通常時(圖4的時刻T1之前),電流上限值是第一極限值。當電流測量值自通常時的狀態超過第一極限值(時刻T1)時,電流上限值L1增加至第二極限值為止。電流上限值L1的自第一極限值向第二極限值的增加是逐漸進行(時刻T1~時刻T2)。The current upper limit L1 in FIG. 3 is the same as the current upper limit calculated by the current upper
當電流測量值超過第一極限值的狀態消除(時刻T3)時,於規定期間(時刻T3~時刻T4)之後(時刻T4),電流上限值L1恢復至第一極限值。電流上限值L1的訊號波形與圖4的電流測量值的圖表一起示出。When the state where the current measurement value exceeds the first limit value is eliminated (time T3), after a predetermined period (time T3 to time T4) (time T4), the current upper limit value L1 returns to the first limit value. The signal waveform of the current upper limit value L1 is shown together with the graph of the current measurement value in FIG. 4.
電流上限值L1與電流測量值(於電流測量值是瞬時值的情況下,與由執行值算出601的功能塊算出的電流波形的有效值成比例的值)的差值(偏差)被輸入至電流控制器602。電流控制器602是進行一般的PI控制的功能塊。若偏差及偏差的積分為0,則電流控制器602繼續算出0而作為輸出。若偏差及偏差的積分為0以外,則電壓控制器605計算輸出,以使偏差S3朝向0。The difference (deviation) between the current upper limit L1 and the current measurement value (when the current measurement value is an instantaneous value, it is proportional to the effective value of the current waveform calculated by the
於電流控制器602的輸出藉由限制器603而為負的情況下,直接作為電流抑制指令S2而算出。於除此以外的情況下,藉由限制器的作用,電流抑制指令S2為0,電流測量值不反映於電壓指令。When the output of the
電流抑制命令S2於藉由增益604乘以適當設定的比例係數K之後,加到電壓指令。電流抑制指令S2另外亦適當地加到電壓控制器輸出S4。電流抑制指令S2與電壓控制器輸出S4的和(其中為非負)成為振幅指令S1。The current suppression command S2 is added to the voltage command after being multiplied by a properly set proportional coefficient K by the
於圖4的時刻T1,於饋線90之一中發生三相線間短路故障。此處,設想三相平衡故障。於是,電流測量值超過電流上限值(第一極限值)而遽增。電流控制器602算出負值以減小電流。電流抑制指令S2乘以K並加到電壓指令,電壓控制器輸入S3(偏差)成為大的負值。其結果,電壓控制器輸出S4下降,振幅指令S1較電壓指令(正常值)下降。At time T1 in FIG. 4, a three-phase line-to-line short-circuit fault occurs in one of the
反饋控制的結果為,電流測量值成為電流上限值L1,振幅指令S1於成為較電壓指令小的某個電壓值時平衡而成為一定,電壓控制器輸入S3(偏差)基本為0(自時刻T1以後至時刻T3為止)。因此,即使於短路故障持續過程中,偏差亦不會於電壓控制器605內累積。即使於短路故障持續過程中,亦如上所述電源裝置1的輸出電壓被控制為由控制部60A指示的值(其中為低於通常值的值)。As a result of the feedback control, the current measurement value becomes the current upper limit value L1, the amplitude command S1 balances and becomes constant when it becomes a certain voltage value smaller than the voltage command, and the voltage controller input S3 (deviation) is basically 0 (since time After T1 until time T3). Therefore, even if the short-circuit fault continues, the deviation will not accumulate in the
此外,此時作為電流控制器602的輸入的偏差亦為0。特別是於時刻T2至時刻T3之間的電流上限值L1成為第二極限值時,對DC-AC轉換器20進行反饋控制,以使電流測量值成為第二極限值。電源裝置1持續輸出第二極限值的電流,結果於時刻T3,故障發生饋線的斷路器91跳閘,而故障發生饋線解聯。異常電流被去除,而電源裝置1的輸出電流(電流測量值)恢復至未滿第一極限值的通常的值。於是,電流抑制指令S2成為0,且不再加到電壓指令。In addition, at this time, the deviation as the input of the
PI控制的結果為,電壓控制器605使電壓控制器輸出S4逐漸恢復至電壓指令(通常值)。如此,電壓測量值自短路故障持續過程中的小的值逐漸恢復至電壓指令(通常值)(時刻T3~時刻T5)。As a result of the PI control, the
<實施例2>
於實施例2中,表示於饋線90之一中發生的短路故障是作為三相不平衡故障的二相線間短路故障的情況下的結果。電源裝置1的裝置的構成與實施例1相同。圖5表示實施例2的情況下的電壓測量值及電流測量值的波形。圖5中所示的各時刻T1~時刻T5與實施例1的情況相同。
<Example 2>
In
如圖示般,即使故障是二相線間短路故障,亦成為與實施例1的情況相同的結果。緊接於時刻T1的短路故障發生之後,電源裝置1的輸出電壓被縮小。自時刻T1至時刻T2,電流最大的相的輸出電流(電流測量值)被控制為自第一極限值逐漸增加至第二極限值。As shown in the figure, even if the fault is a short-circuit fault between the two phases, the result is the same as in the case of Example 1. Immediately after the occurrence of the short-circuit fault at time T1, the output voltage of the
當電源裝置1的輸出電流(電流測量值)為第二極限值的狀態持續時,於時刻T3,故障發生饋線解聯。於是,自時刻T3至時刻T5,電源裝置1的輸出電壓(電壓測量值)逐漸恢復至電壓指令(通常值)。When the state where the output current (measured current value) of the
<效果>
實施方式的電源裝置1包括能量儲存裝置10及將能量儲存裝置10的DC輸出轉換為AC輸出的DC-AC轉換器20。因此,電源裝置1作為用於對向電力系統100供給電力的其他發電系統進行備份或平滑化的電源而發揮功能。因此,根據電源裝置1,能夠進行其他發電系統為例如太陽能發電系統的情況下的夜間的電力供給、或者為風力發電的情況下的無風時的電力供給。另外,電源裝置1亦可以作為防備其他發電系統的故障的備份而發揮功能。
<Effects>
The
於實施方式的電源裝置1中,於向電力系統100供給電力時,即使於任一個饋線90中發生短路故障,而發生故障電流流出及電力系統100的電壓下降時,亦抑制電力供給停止。In the
於使用同步發電機的發電系統中,有足夠的餘力供給大於額定的緊急時的電流,因此即使於發生了短路故障的情況下,通常亦不會自系統斷開同步發電機而停止運用。但是,於使用DC-AC轉換器的發電系統中,對DC-AC轉換器供給緊急時的電流的餘力沒那麼大,若過電流持續則會破損,因此於發生了短路故障的情況下,通常會自系統斷開而停止運用。In a power generation system using synchronous generators, there is enough surplus power to supply more than the rated emergency current, so even in the event of a short-circuit fault, the synchronous generator is usually not disconnected from the system to stop operation. However, in a power generation system using a DC-AC converter, the capacity for supplying emergency current to the DC-AC converter is not so great. If the overcurrent continues, it will be damaged. Therefore, in the event of a short-circuit fault, it is usually Will stop operating since the system is disconnected.
然而,於實方式的電源裝置1中,即使於發生了短路故障般的情況下,亦將輸出電壓控制於已縮小的狀態而持續向系統供給電力,以對系統供給暫時大於額定般的電流值(第二極限值)的電流。如此,電源裝置1發揮如下作用:可以引起故障發生饋線的斷路器91的跳閘,而使故障發生饋線自系統解聯。因此,雖然電源裝置1是使用DC-AC轉換器20的電源,但於發生了短路故障般的異常時,亦可以對電力系統100持續供給電力。However, in the
電源裝置1於藉由故障饋線的解聯而恢復時,以輸出電壓(電壓測量值)逐漸恢復的方式進行控制。因此,有效地抑制如下情況:於輸出電壓(電壓測量值)遽增的情況下,因電力系統100內的變壓器產生過渡性過電流(偏磁突入電流),而損壞電源裝置1的DC-AC轉換器20。When the
如上所述,若將實施方式的電源裝置1應用於電力系統100,則可以無關短路故障的發生而盡可能地持續電力供給。As described above, if the
於實施方式中,利用電流上限設定部61的電流上限值自第二極限值向第一極限值的恢復是檢測到電流測量值恢復至第一極限值以下而進行。但是,電流上限設定部61亦可以藉由自跳閘的斷路器91接收表示饋線的解聯的訊號來進行向第一極限值的恢復。In the embodiment, the restoration of the current upper limit value from the second limit value to the first limit value by the current upper
於實施方式中,記載為各相的控制不特別按照各相區分,而是藉由統一控制來執行。此時,控制部只要如下所述般執行控制即可,即電壓採用各相中最小的值,電流採用各相中最大的值來作為電壓測量值及電流測量值。或者,亦可以採用三相瞬時有效值(各相的瞬時電壓值的均方根)作為電流測量值。但是,各相的控制亦可以是控制部按照各相個別地進行。於此情況下,電流上限值可以是統一規定者,亦可以是按照各相規定者。In the embodiment, the control described as each phase is not particularly distinguished for each phase, but is performed by unified control. At this time, the control unit only needs to perform control as follows, that is, the voltage adopts the smallest value of each phase, and the current adopts the largest value of each phase as the voltage measurement value and the current measurement value. Alternatively, the three-phase instantaneous effective value (the root mean square of the instantaneous voltage value of each phase) can also be used as the current measurement value. However, the control of each phase may be performed by the control unit individually for each phase. In this case, the current upper limit may be specified uniformly or specified for each phase.
於實施方式中,電壓指令及頻率指令被視為一定值,特別是額定值,未被視為變化的值。此相當於電力系統100運用所謂的定電壓定頻率(Constant Voltage Constant Frequency)的情況。但是,於電源裝置1與電壓或頻率根據負載狀態而變動的例如柴油發電機等般的發電系統協作而運用的情況下,亦可以對應於此種變動而調整電壓指令及頻率指令。In the embodiment, the voltage command and the frequency command are regarded as fixed values, especially rated values, and are not regarded as changing values. This is equivalent to the case where the
〔利用軟體的實現例〕
電源裝置1的各功能塊(特別是控制部60、控制部60A)可以藉由積體電路(積體電路(Integrated Circuit,IC)晶片)等所形成的邏輯電路(硬體)來實現,亦可以藉由軟體來實現。
〔Examples of using software〕
The functional blocks of the power supply device 1 (especially the
於後者情況下,電源裝置1包括執行實現各功能的軟體即程式的命令的電腦。所述電腦例如包括至少一個處理器(控制裝置),並且包括記憶所述程式的電腦可讀取的至少一個記憶媒體。而且,於所述電腦中,藉由所述處理器自所述記錄媒體讀取並執行所述程式,從而達成本發明的目的。作為所述處理器,例如可以使用中央處理單元(Central Processing Unit,CPU)。In the latter case, the
作為所述記錄媒體,除了「非暫時的有形的媒體」,例如唯讀記憶體(Read Only Memory,ROM)等之外,可以使用帶、碟、卡、半導體記憶體、可程式的邏輯電路等。另外,亦可以更包括展開所述程式的隨機存取記憶體(Random Access Memory,RAM)等。另外,所述程式亦可以經由能夠傳輸該程式的任意的傳輸媒體(通信網路或廣播波等)被供給至所述電腦。此外,本發明的一態樣亦能以藉由電子傳輸來將所述程式具現化的、被嵌入載波的資料訊號的形態來實現。As the recording medium, in addition to "non-temporary tangible media", such as read only memory (Read Only Memory, ROM), etc., tapes, discs, cards, semiconductor memories, programmable logic circuits, etc. can be used . In addition, it may further include a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) for expanding the program. In addition, the program may be supplied to the computer via any transmission medium (communication network, broadcast wave, etc.) that can transmit the program. In addition, an aspect of the present invention can also be realized in the form of a data signal embedded in a carrier wave in which the program is realized by electronic transmission.
〔總結〕
本發明的態樣1的電源裝置包括:能量儲存裝置;轉換器,將所述能量儲存裝置的DC輸出轉換為AC輸出;電流測量器,測量所述AC輸出的電流;電壓測量器,測量所述AC輸出的電壓;以及控制部,控制所述轉換器;且包括如下構成:所述控制部於所述電流的值超過第一極限值時,藉由使所述電壓低於通常值,來控制所述轉換器以使所述電流的值成為大於第一極限值的規定值。
〔to sum up〕
The power supply device of
根據所述構成,可以實現一種包括能量儲存裝置的電源裝置,其即使於電力系統中發生了短路故障等的情況下,亦可以盡可能持續供給電力。According to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a power supply device including an energy storage device that can continue to supply power as much as possible even when a short-circuit failure or the like occurs in the power system.
本發明的態樣2的電源裝置根據所述形態1,亦可以設為如下的構成:所述控制部以所述電流的值自第一極限值逐漸移行至第二極限值的方式進行所述電流的值超過第一極限值時的所述控制。According to the
根據所述構成,於發生了短路故障等的情況下,可以維持將電流值控制為所需的值而輸出的電流控制的狀態,且於短路故障等時亦可以維持藉由電源裝置控制AC輸出的狀態。According to the above configuration, in the event of a short-circuit fault, etc., the current control state can be maintained by controlling the current value to a desired value, and the AC output controlled by the power supply device can also be maintained in the case of a short-circuit fault. status.
本發明的態樣3的電源裝置根據所述態樣1或態樣2,亦可以設為如下的構成:所述控制部於使所述電壓低於所述通常值的所述控制時,所述電流的值下降至第一極限值以下的情況下,來控制所述轉換器以使所述電壓恢復至所述通常值。According to the
根據所述構成,於故障發生饋線解聯的情況下,可以具體實現使電源裝置的控制的狀態恢復至通常時的狀態的構成。According to the above configuration, when a fault occurs and the feeder is disconnected, it is possible to specifically realize a configuration that restores the control state of the power supply device to the normal state.
本發明的態樣4的電源裝置,根據所述態樣3,亦可設為如下的構成:所述控制部以所述電壓逐漸移行至所述通常值的方式,進行所述電壓的向所述通常值的恢復。The power supply device of aspect 4 of the present invention, according to the aspect 3, may also be configured as follows: the control unit performs the direction of the voltage so that the voltage gradually moves to the normal value Describe the restoration of normal values.
根據所述構成,可以抑制隨著電壓的急遽的上升,因電力系統內的變壓器而產生損壞電源裝置的DC-AC轉換器般的過渡性過電流(偏磁突入電流)。According to the above configuration, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of transient overcurrent (bias inrush current) that damages the DC-AC converter of the power supply device due to the transformer in the power system due to the rapid increase in voltage.
本發明的態樣5的電源裝置包括:能量儲存裝置;轉換器,將所述能量儲存裝置的DC輸出轉換為AC輸出;電流測量器,測量所述AC輸出的電流;電壓測量器,測量所述AC輸出的電壓;以及控制部,控制所述轉換器;且包括如下構成:於所述控制部設置有電流上限設定部、目標電壓設定部、以及輸出指示部,所述電流上限設定部以如下方式運作:於所述電流的值超過第一極限值時,將電流上限值自第一極限值變更為大於第一極限值的第二極限值,並且於所述電流的值下降至未滿第一極限值時,將所述電流上限值自所述第二極限值變更為第一極限值,所述輸出指示部控制所述轉換器,以使所述電壓成為所述目標電壓設定部算出的目標電壓,所述目標電壓設定部於所述電流的值超過所述第一極限值的情況下,使所述目標電壓較通常值降低,以使所述電流的值成為所述電流上限值。The power supply device of aspect 5 of the present invention includes: an energy storage device; a converter that converts the DC output of the energy storage device into an AC output; a current measurer that measures the current of the AC output; a voltage measurer that measures the current The AC output voltage; and a control unit that controls the converter; and includes the following structure: the control unit is provided with a current upper limit setting unit, a target voltage setting unit, and an output instruction unit, the current upper limit setting unit The operation is as follows: when the value of the current exceeds the first limit value, the upper limit value of the current is changed from the first limit value to a second limit value greater than the first limit value, and when the value of the current drops to no When the first limit value is reached, the current upper limit value is changed from the second limit value to the first limit value, and the output instruction unit controls the converter so that the voltage becomes the target voltage setting The target voltage is calculated by the unit, and the target voltage setting unit reduces the target voltage from a normal value when the value of the current exceeds the first limit value so that the value of the current becomes the current Upper limit.
根據所述構成,可以實現一種包括能量儲存裝置的電源裝置,其即使於電力系統中發生了短路故障等的情況下,亦可以盡可能持續供給電力。According to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a power supply device including an energy storage device that can continue to supply power as much as possible even when a short-circuit failure or the like occurs in the power system.
本發明的態樣6的電源裝置的控制方法是包括能量儲存裝置及將所述能量儲存裝置的DC輸出轉換為AC輸出的轉換器的電源裝置的控制方法,包括如下的構成:於所述AC輸出的電流的值超過第一極限值時,藉由使所述AC輸出的電壓低於通常值,來控制所述轉換器以使所述電流的值成為大於第一極限值的規定值。The control method of the power supply device of aspect 6 of the present invention is a control method of a power supply device including an energy storage device and a converter that converts the DC output of the energy storage device into an AC output, and includes the following configuration: When the value of the output current exceeds the first limit value, the AC output voltage is lower than the normal value to control the converter so that the value of the current becomes a predetermined value greater than the first limit value.
根據所述構成,可以實現一種包括能量儲存裝置的電源裝置,其即使於電力系統中發生了短路故障等的情況下,亦可以盡可能持續供給電力。According to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a power supply device including an energy storage device that can continue to supply power as much as possible even when a short-circuit failure or the like occurs in the power system.
本發明不限定於所述實施方式、各實施例等,能夠於申請專利範圍所示的範圍內進行各種變更,關於將於實施方式等中分別揭示的的技術部件適當組合而獲得的實施方式亦包含於本發明的技術範圍內。進而,藉由組合各揭示的技術部件,可以形成新的技術性特徵。The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, each example, etc., and various changes can be made within the scope shown in the scope of the patent application, and it is also applicable to the embodiment obtained by appropriately combining the technical components disclosed in the embodiment and the like. It is included in the technical scope of the present invention. Furthermore, by combining the disclosed technical components, new technical features can be formed.
1:電源裝置1: Power supply unit
10:能量儲存裝置10: Energy storage device
20:DC-AC轉換器(轉換器)20: DC-AC converter (converter)
30:濾波器30: filter
40:電流測量器40: current measurer
50:電壓測量器50: Voltage measurer
60、60A:控制部60, 60A: Control Department
61:電流上限設定部61: Current upper limit setting section
62:目標電壓設定部62: Target voltage setting section
63:輸出指示部63: output indicator
90:饋線90: feeder
91:斷路器91: circuit breaker
92:負載92: Load
100:電力系統100: Power System
601:執行值算出601: Perform value calculation
602:電流控制器602: Current Controller
603、606:限制器603, 606: limiter
604:增益604: gain
605:電壓控制器605: Voltage Controller
607:相位算出607: phase calculation
608:乘法器608: Multiplier
L1:電流上限值L1: current upper limit
S1:振幅指令S1: Amplitude command
S2:電流抑制指令S2: Current suppression command
S3:偏差(電壓控制器輸入)S3: Deviation (voltage controller input)
S4:電壓控制器輸出S4: Voltage controller output
T1、T2、T3、T4、T5:時刻T1, T2, T3, T4, T5: time
圖1是表示本發明實施方式的電源裝置以及應用了該電源裝置的電力系統的概略構成圖。
圖2是表示本發明實施方式的電源裝置的控制部的構成的概略的框圖。
圖3是表示本發明的實施例1的電源裝置的控制部的控制邏輯的圖。
圖4是表示本發明的實施例1的電源裝置的各部的訊號波形的時序圖。
圖5是表示本發明的實施例2的電源裝置的各部的訊號波形的時序圖。
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention and a power system to which the power supply device is applied.
2 is a block diagram showing the outline of the configuration of the control unit of the power supply device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a diagram showing the control logic of the control unit of the power supply device according to
1:電源裝置 1: Power supply unit
10:能量儲存裝置 10: Energy storage device
20:DC-AC轉換器(轉換器) 20: DC-AC converter (converter)
30:濾波器 30: filter
40:電流測量器 40: current measurer
50:電壓測量器 50: Voltage measurer
60:控制部 60: Control Department
90:饋線 90: feeder
91:斷路器 91: circuit breaker
92:負載 92: Load
100:電力系統 100: Power System
Claims (5)
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