TWI666228B - Oil-absorbing sponge - Google Patents

Abstract

An oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge comprises a sponge body made by reacting a composition containing an A agent and a polyisocyanate compound. Agent A includes a polyol mixture, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer, and a catalyst. The polyol mixture contains a first polyol component having a hydroxyl value ranging from 33 to 60 mgKOH / g and an oxyvinyl content ranging from 50 to 80 mol%, a hydroxyl value ranging from 80 to 300 mgKOH / g and an oxyvinyl content range 50 to 80 mol% of the second polyol component, the graft polymer polyol component, the tetrafunctional polyol component, and the glycerol, and the first polyol component and the second polyol group It is used to make the sponge body have super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity. The graft polymer polyol component, tetrafunctional polyol component and glycerol are used to increase the strength of the sponge body.

Description

Oil-absorbing sponge

The invention relates to a polyurethane foam sponge, in particular to a polyurethane foam sponge for oil-water separation.

Taiwan Patent Publication No. I447217 discloses a composite with both super-hydrophobic and super-lipophilic functions, which includes a porous material with a sponge-like structure and a surface layer covering the surface of the backbone of the porous material. The material of the porous material is selected from wood cellulose, cellulose, foamed plastic polymer, polyether, polyvinyl alcohol, melamine, polyurethane, or polyester. The surface layer includes a plurality of graphene sheets attached to a surface of a backbone of the porous material. The composite has a contact angle (superhydrophobic) between 150 ° and 170 ° and water, and the composite has an contact angle (super lipophilic) between 0 ° and 10 ° between oil and . The composite can adsorb only the oil in the oil-water mixture through its super-hydrophobic and super-lipophilic properties, and the water in the oil-water mixture will not be absorbed by the composite, thereby achieving the effect of oil-water separation.

However, oil-water separation treatment is performed using a compound having superhydrophobicity and super-lipophilicity. Since the specific gravity of the oil is lighter than water, it will be on the upper layer of the oil-water mixture and the water of the oil-water mixture cannot pass through the composite. The mechanism of oil-water separation of the mixture in contact with the oil-water interface performs batch operation of oil-water separation. If you want to use the above-mentioned compound for continuous oil-water separation treatment, especially when the oil-water mixture is used in continuous operation such as pouring or pouring, the above-mentioned compound cannot pass water because of its super hydrophobic property, so water will be compounded. It is blocked by materials and gradually accumulates. When the accumulated water becomes larger and the proportion of oil is lighter than water and the fluidity is poorer than water, the compound will become difficult to contact the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture and cannot effectively absorb the oil. And a large amount of water may also destroy the composite or the processing pipeline containing the composite.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge capable of continuously or in large quantities treating an oil-water mixture.

Therefore, the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge of the present invention comprises: a sponge body made of a composition containing an agent A and a polyisocyanate compound through reaction, wherein the agent A includes a polyol mixture, a foaming agent, Foam stabilizer and catalyst, and the polyol mixture contains: a first polyol component, used to make the sponge body have super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity, and the hydroxyl value range of the first polyol component is 33 to 60 mgKOH / g and oxyethylene content range from 50 to 80 mol%, a second polyol component for making the sponge body super-lipophilic and super-hydrophilic, and the second polyol group It has a hydroxyl value range of 80 to 300 mgKOH / g and an oxyethylene content range of 50 to 80 mol%. It is a graft polymer polyol component used to increase the strength of the sponge body. A tetrafunctional polyol group It is used to increase the strength of the sponge body, and glycerol is used to increase the strength of the sponge body.

The main effect of the present invention is that the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge passes through the graft polymer polyol component, the tetrafunctional polyol component, and glycerol to make the sponge body have a fixed and dense shape and meet the mechanical strength of subsequent applications. And through the first polyol component and the second polyol component, the sponge body is provided with super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity, so that the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge has high oil absorption and high water permeability, and the oil absorption When the permeable sponge is used for oil-water separation, water in the oil-water mixture can pass through the sponge body, and at the same time oil can be absorbed by the sponge body but will not pass through the sponge body, so a better oil-water separation effect can be achieved.

Another effect of the present invention is that, compared with sponges having super-hydrophobic and super-lipophilic properties, only the oil in the oil-water mixture is absorbed by the sponge without allowing water to pass through the sponge. The oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge of the present invention can quickly absorb the oil-water mixture. Water and let the water flow out of the sponge body, and at the same time absorb the oil in the oil-water mixture and leave the oil in the sponge body, so as to "filter the water in the oil-water mixture" and "absorb the oil in the oil-water mixture" Effect, the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge has better oil-water separation effect.

Another effect of the present invention is that the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge of the present invention can quickly absorb water in the oil-water mixture and then let water flow out of the sponge body. When the oil-water mixture contacts the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge continuously or in large quantities, the Water will continuously enter the sponge body and quickly permeate from the sponge body without being blocked and accumulated by the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge. Therefore, the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge is suitable for continuous or large-scale treatment of oil-water mixtures.

The following describes the content of the present invention in detail:

In this article, "the sponge body has super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity" means that the contact angle range of the oily substance and the sponge body is 0 ° to 10 °, and the contact angle range of the water-based substance and the sponge body is 0 ° to 5 °.

The composition for preparing the sponge main body contains an agent A and a polyisocyanate compound. The agent A includes a polyol mixture, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer, and a catalyst. Each of the above components is further described below.

<Polyol Mixture>

The polyol mixture contains a first polyol component, a second polyol component, a graft polymer polyol component, a tetrafunctional polyol component, and glycerol. The main function of the first polyol component and the second polyol component is to make the sponge body have super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity, so that the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge has high water permeability and high oil absorption. The main function of the graft polymer polyol component, the tetrafunctional polyol component, and the glycerol is to increase the strength of the sponge body, so that the sponge body has a fixed and dense shape and meets the requirements of subsequent applications. Mechanical strength.

The hydroxyl value of the first polyol component ranges from 33 to 60 mgKOH / g and the oxyethylene content ranges from 50 to 80 mol%. When the hydroxyl value and oxyethylene content of the first polyol component are within the above range, Range, the first polyol component can provide the sponge body with super lipophilicity and superhydrophilicity; and when the hydroxyl value of the first polyol component is in the above range, the first polyol component can The sponge body is provided with strength. Preferably, the HLB value of the first polyol component ranges from 5 to 12, which can further help the sponge body to have super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity. Preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the first polyol component ranges from 2500 to 5000. The kind of the first polyol component is not particularly limited, and may be a polyester polyol, a polyether polyol, or a polyether ester polyol, a single polyol, or a mixture of multiple polyols, as long as the The hydroxyl value and oxyethylene content of the first polyol component are in the above ranges, respectively. The source of the first polyol component can be synthesized by itself or a commercially available product can be directly used. For example, the first polyol component is a kind of ethylene oxide containing polyester, polyether, and a modifier. And a reaction mixture of triethanolamine as a starter to obtain a commercially available polyol product having a hydroxyl value ranging from 33 to 60 mgKOH / g and an oxyethylene content ranging from 50 to 80 mol%. Preferably, the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100% by weight, and the amount of the first polyol component is in the range of 30 to 70% by weight, which will further help the sponge body to have super lipophilicity and super Hydrophilicity, and help to make the sponge body have a fixed and dense shape and meet the mechanical strength of subsequent applications; further, when the amount of the first polyol component is less than 30 wt%, the The performance of super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity is less prominent. When the amount of the first polyol component is more than 70% by weight, the hardness of the sponge body is insufficient and it is difficult to form.

The second polyol component has a hydroxyl value range of 80 to 300 mgKOH / g and an oxyethylene content range of 50 to 80 mol%. When the hydroxyl value and the oxyethylene content of the second polyol component are respectively Within the above range, the second polyol component can provide the sponge body with super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity; and when the hydroxyl value of the second polyol component is within the above range, the second polyol group It can provide the sponge body with strength. Preferably, the HLB range of the second polyol component is 7 to 14, which can help to make the sponge body have super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity. Preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the second polyol component ranges from 400 to 1900. The type of the second polyol component is not particularly limited, and may be a polyester polyol, a polyether polyol, or a polyether ester polyol, a single polyol, or a mixture of multiple polyols, as long as the The hydroxyl value and oxyethylene content of the second polyol component are in the above ranges, respectively. The source of the second polyol component can be synthesized by itself or a commercially available product can be used directly. For example, the second polyol component is a kind of ethylene oxide containing polyester, polyether as a modifier. And a reaction mixture of triethanolamine as a starter to obtain a commercially available polyol product having a hydroxyl value ranging from 80 to 300 mgKOH / g and an oxyvinyl content ranging from 50 to 80 mol%. Preferably, the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100% by weight, and the amount of the second polyol component is in the range of 15 to 50% by weight, which will further help the sponge body to have super lipophilicity and Super hydrophilic, and it helps to make the sponge body have a fixed and dense shape and meet the mechanical strength of subsequent applications; more specifically, when the amount of the second polyol component is less than 15 wt%, the sponge body The super-lipophilic and super-hydrophilic properties are less prominent. When the amount of the second polyol component is greater than 50% by weight, the sponge body is more likely to be brittle.

Preferably, the hydroxyl value of the graft polymer polyols component ranges from 20 to 40 mgKOH / g. When the hydroxyl value of the graft polymer polyol component is within the above range, the The equivalent value of the composition can also help slightly to provide the hardness of the sponge body. Preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the graft polymer polyol component ranges from 4000 to 10,000. When the weight average molecular weight of the graft polymer polyol component is within the above range, the viscosity and strength of the composition can be increased . The kind of the graft polymer polyol component is not particularly limited, such as, but not limited to, a polyester polyol grafted with a vinyl monomer, a polyether polyol grafted with a vinyl monomer, or any combination thereof. Commercial products of the graft polymer polyol component include, but are not limited to, POP 3428 and POP 3628 by Mitsui Chemicals Co., Ltd., Arcol ^® Polyol HS100 by Bayer AG, POP-H45 by Zibo Dexin Federal Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., etc. . Preferably, the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100% by weight, and the amount of the graft polymer polyol component is in the range of 10 to 30% by weight, which will further help the sponge body to have super lipophilicity and Super hydrophilicity, and more help to make the sponge body have a fixed and dense shape and meet the mechanical strength of subsequent applications; more specifically, when the amount of the graft polymer polyol component is less than 10wt%, the sponge body The hardness is insufficient. When the amount of the polyol component of the graft polymer is greater than 30% by weight, the super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity of the sponge body are less prominent.

Preferably, the tetra-functional polyol component has a hydroxyl value in the range of 350 to 650 mgKOH / g. When the hydroxyl value of the tetra-functional polyol component is in the above range, the sponge can be increased. The cross-linking density of the body and increasing the hardness of the sponge body. Preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the tetrafunctional polyol component ranges from 300 to 800. When the weight average molecular weight of the tetrafunctional polyol component is within the above range, the sponge body can have a better surface shape appearance. The type of the tetrafunctional polyol component is not particularly limited, such as, but not limited to, pentaerythritol-based polyether polyol. The commercially available tetrafunctional polyol component such as, but not limited to polyether polyol 4110, Dow Chemical Voranol ^® 490 and the like. Preferably, the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100% by weight, and the amount of the tetrafunctional polyol component is in the range of 1 to 5% by weight, which will make the sponge body have appropriate hardness and better resistance. Tearing force; more specifically, when the amount of the tetra-functional polyol component is less than 1 wt%, the hardness of the sponge body is soft, and when the amount of the tetra-functional polyol component is more than 5 wt%, the sponge body The tear resistance is poor.

The glycerol has a hydroxyl value in the range of 1827 mgKOH / g. Preferably, the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100% by weight, and the amount of glycerol used is in the range of 1 to 5% by weight, so that the sponge body has finer cells and better Tear resistance; more specifically, when the amount of glycerol is less than 1 wt%, the foam cells of the sponge body are coarse, and when the amount of glycerol is more than 5 wt%, the tear strength of the sponge body is poor.

<Foaming agent>

The type of the foaming agent is not particularly limited, and a foaming agent generally used for preparing polyurethane sponges can be used. Preferably, the foaming agent is water, and foaming is performed by using water as a foaming agent and reacting with a polyisocyanate compound to generate carbon dioxide, which can be foamed in a relatively non-toxic manner, and the use of non-aqueous Problems caused by foaming agent remaining in the sponge body. The amount of the foaming agent is not particularly limited, and the amount of the foaming agent can be adjusted according to the density of the sponge body. Preferably, the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100% by weight, and the amount of the foaming agent is in the range of 0.7 to 4% by weight. Further, when the amount of the foaming agent is less than 0.7% by weight, the sponge The density of the main body is too high and the manufacturing cost will be increased. When the amount of the foaming agent is greater than 4 wt%, the density of the sponge main body is too low, so that the super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity of the sponge main body are less prominent.

<Foam stabilizer>

The role of the foam stabilizer is to increase the mutual solubility of the components in the composition, control the pore size and uniformity of the foam of the sponge body, and allow the composition to react and foam to form the sponge body. The cell wall of the sponge body has elasticity to retain gas and prevent the sponge body from collapsing. Examples of the foam stabilizer include, but are not limited to, silicone surfactants. The amount of the foam stabilizer is not particularly limited, and the amount of the foam stabilizer can be adjusted according to the density of the sponge body. Preferably, the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100% by weight, and the amount of the foam stabilizer is in the range of 0.5 to 2% by weight; further, when the amount of the foam stabilizer is less than 0.5% by weight, the sponge The main body cannot form cells and collapses. When the amount of the foaming agent is greater than 2 wt%, the sponge main body cannot have an open-cell structure (referring to a closed-cell structure) and shrinks.

<catalyst>

The role of the catalyst is to control the cream time (CT) when the composition reacts and foams to form a sponge body, and the time during which the sponge body is matured. The catalyst is, for example, but not limited to, triethylenediamine, dipropylene glycol, or any combination thereof. For example, the catalyst may be composed of 33% by weight of triethylenediamine and 67% by weight of dipropylene glycol. Preferably, the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100% by weight, and the amount of the catalyst used is in the range of 0.2 to 1.0% by weight; more specifically, when the amount of the catalyst is less than 0.2% by weight, it is difficult to make the sponge The main body is shaped. When the amount of the foaming agent is greater than 1.0 wt%, the composition is reacted too quickly to make the sponge main body have an open cell structure.

<Polyisocyanate compound>

To help the sponge body have a preset lower density (for example, a density of 25 to 100 kg / m ³ ), preferably, the polyisocyanate compound is selected from an aromatic diisocyanate compound. More preferably, the aromatic diisocyanate compound is selected from diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, or any combination thereof. In order to allow the composition to have a proper foaming activity and a proper cross-linking density during the reaction, it is preferable that the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100 parts by weight, and the amount of the polyisocyanate compound ranges from 30 to 50 parts by weight.

The sponge main body is made of the composition through a reaction, and the process conditions of the reaction are not particularly limited. The process conditions of the reaction can be adjusted by referring to the general process conditions when making a polyurethane sponge, such as, but not limited to, the reaction temperature range is 20 To 35 ° C, the reaction time of this reaction ranges from 60 seconds to 120 seconds.

The density range of the sponge body of the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge is not particularly limited as long as the sponge body can have a fixed shape. Preferably, the sponge body of the oil-absorbing and permeable sponge has a density of 25 to 100 kg / m ^3. When the density of the sponge body is in the above range, the structure of the sponge body is denser and has better oil absorption efficiency while taking into account The manufacturing cost of the oil-absorbing and permeable sponge; further, when the density of the sponge body is less than 25 kg / m ³ , the structure of the sponge body has a low density and low oil absorption efficiency, and when the density of the sponge body is greater than 100 kg / m ³ , the production cost of the oil-absorbing and permeable sponge is relatively high.

Preferably, the pore density of the sponge body of the oil-absorbing and permeable sponge ranges from 25 to 50 PPI (Pores Per Inch); more specifically, when the pore density of the sponge body is less than 25 PPI, The speed and water permeation speed are fast but the oil absorption saturation of the oil absorbing sponge is low. When the pore density of the sponge body is greater than 50 PPI, the water absorption speed is slow although the oil absorption saturation of the oil absorbing sponge is high.

In an embodiment of the method for preparing the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge of the present invention, the first polyol component (hydroxyl value 33 to 60 mgKOH / g, molecular weight 2500 to 5000, HLB value 5 to 12, oxygen content) 50 to 80 mol% vinyl content), 15 to 50 wt% of a second polyol component (hydroxyl value 80 to 300 mgKOH / g, molecular weight 400 to 1900, HLB value 7 to 14, oxyethylene content 50 to 80 mol%), 10 to 30 wt% of graft polymer polyol (hydroxyl value 20 to 40 mgKOH / g, molecular weight 4000 to 10,000), 1 to 5 wt% of tetrafunctional polyol (hydroxyl value 350 to 650 mgKOH / g , Molecular weight 300 to 800), 1 to 5 wt% glycerol (hydroxyl value 1827 mgKOH / g), 0.7 to 4 wt% water, 0.2 to 1.0 wt% catalyst (from 33 wt% triethylenediamine and 67 wt% Composed of dipropylene glycol) and 0.5 to 2 wt% of 100 parts by weight of silicone agent A, and 30 to 50 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate were stirred at 25 ° C. and normal pressure to obtain a composition. The composition was placed in a mold for reaction (temperature: 20 to 35 ° C, time: 60 to 120 seconds), and then an oil-absorbing water-permeable sponge (density: 25 to 100 kg / m ³ , pore density: 25 to 50 PPI) was obtained. ).

The oil-water separation effect of the oil-absorbing and permeable sponge of the present invention is tested by the following experiments: After cutting the oil-absorbing and permeable sponge of the present invention into three sponge blocks each having a diameter of 15.5 cm and a thickness of 5 cm, refer to FIG. Sponge blocks are stacked vertically in a cylindrical transparent tube column with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 400 cm. Then, an oil-water mixture (composed of 1 liter of water and 0.8 liters of used engine oil) is poured into a cylindrical transparent tube column. . Observe the extent to which the oil-absorbing sponge absorbs waste engine oil in the oil-water mixture, and the degree to which water in the oil-water mixture flows through the oil-absorbing sponge. The test results of the oil-water separation effect of the oil-absorbing water-permeable sponge of the present invention are shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 2 to 4.

Table 1 Time at which water in the oil-water mixture begins to flow from the sponge Time for the oil in the oil-water mixture to be completely absorbed by the sponge Time to complete oil-water separation Oil-absorbing sponge Within 3 seconds after pouring the oil-water mixture, water quickly and massively flows from the sponge (see Figures 2 to 3). Within 5 seconds of pouring the oil-water mixture, the oil is absorbed and penetrates and remains in the first sponge (see Figure 4). Within about 30 seconds after pouring the oil-water mixture. And the water in the sponge has almost flowed out, so the sponge will not sink due to the load (see Figure 4) Note 1: The water in the oil-water mixture begins to seep out of the sponge, which means that the sponge is saturated with water first, and then the water flows out of the sponge. Note 2: The time to complete the oil-water separation is the time when the amount of water seeping out of the sponge reaches 80% of the original amount of water in the oil-water mixture.

From Table 1, and Figures 2 to 4, it can be known that within 3 seconds after the oil-water permeable sponge is poured into the cylindrical transparent pipe column, the sponge body of the oil-absorbing permeable sponge quickly absorbs water and then allows the absorbed water to quickly And a large amount of outflow from the sponge shows that the oil-absorbing and permeable sponge can absorb water quickly and let the water pass through quickly because its sponge body has super hydrophilicity and water permeability. Therefore, the oil-absorbing and permeable sponge has " Water "effect.

Moreover, within 5 seconds after the oil-absorbing water-permeable sponge is poured into the cylindrical transparent pipe column, the oil in the oil-water mixture has been absorbed by the oil-absorbing water-permeable sponge and will not flow out of the sponge again, indicating that the oil-absorbing water-permeable sponge Because the sponge body has super lipophilicity, it can absorb oil quickly and retain oil in the sponge body. Therefore, the oil-absorbing sponge has the effect of "absorbing oil in the oil-water mixture".

It can be proved that the oil-absorbing sponge has the functions of "filtering water in the oil-water mixture" and "absorbing oil in the oil-water mixture", and the speed of filtering water and absorbing oil is very fast. In addition, the oil-absorbing sponge can The absorbed water flows out quickly and in large quantities, so the oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge not only has better oil-water separation effect, but also is suitable for continuous or large-scale treatment of oil-water mixtures.

The oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge of the present invention is suitable for oil leakage treatment, filtration and recovery of oil pollution in rivers and seas, oil fume filtration in the catering industry, kitchen cleaning greasy dirt, and the like.

However, the above are only examples of the present invention. When the scope of implementation of the present invention cannot be limited in this way, any simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application and the content of the patent specification of the present invention are still Within the scope of the invention patent.

Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiment with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a photograph of the operation mode of the oil-water separation effect test of the oil-absorbing sponge of the present invention; FIG. 2 is the oil-absorbing and water-permeable of the present invention Photo of the result of the oil-water separation effect test of the sponge; FIG. 3 is a photo of the result of the oil-water separation effect test of the oil-absorbing sponge of the present invention; and FIG. 4 is a photo of the result of the oil-water separation effect test of the oil-absorbing sponge of the present invention.

Claims (8)

An oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge, comprising: a sponge body made of a composition containing an agent A and a polyisocyanate compound through reaction, wherein the agent A includes a polyol mixture, a foaming agent, and a foam stabilizer And catalyst, and the polyol mixture contains: a first polyol component for making the sponge body super-lipophilic and super-hydrophilic, and the hydroxyl value of the first polyol component ranges from 33 to 60 mgKOH The content of the second polyol component is 50/80 mol / g, and the second polyol component is used to make the sponge body have super lipophilicity and super hydrophilicity, and the hydroxyl value of the second polyol component The range is 80 to 300 mgKOH / g and the content of oxyethylene is 50 to 80 mol%. The graft polymer polyol component is used to increase the strength of the sponge body, and the tetrafunctional polyol component is used to increase the The strength of the sponge body and glycerol are used to increase the strength of the sponge body; wherein the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100% by weight, and the amount of the first polyol component ranges from 30 to 70wt. %, The amount of the second polyol component is 15 50wt%. The oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge according to claim 1, wherein the HLB value of the first polyol component ranges from 5 to 12. The oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge according to claim 1, wherein the HLB value of the second polyol component ranges from 7 to 14. The oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyl value of the graft polymer polyol component ranges from 20 to 40 mgKOH / g. The oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge according to claim 1, wherein a hydroxyl value of the tetrafunctional polyol component ranges from 350 to 650 mgKOH / g. The oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of the A agent of the composition is 100% by weight, the amount of the graft polymer polyol component ranges from 10 to 30% by weight, and the tetrafunctional multicomponent The amount of the alcohol component ranges from 1 to 5 wt%, and the amount of the glycerol ranges from 1 to 5 wt%. The oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge according to claim 1, wherein the density of the sponge body ranges from 25 to 100 kg / m ³ . The oil-absorbing and water-permeable sponge according to claim 1, wherein the pore density of the sponge body ranges from 25 to 50 PPI.