TWI654946B - 可固化組合物及其作為塗層及鞋類部件之用途 - Google Patents
可固化組合物及其作為塗層及鞋類部件之用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI654946B TWI654946B TW106138742A TW106138742A TWI654946B TW I654946 B TWI654946 B TW I654946B TW 106138742 A TW106138742 A TW 106138742A TW 106138742 A TW106138742 A TW 106138742A TW I654946 B TWI654946 B TW I654946B
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Abstract
本發明提供一種可固化組合物,其包含:(a)重量平均分子量為4000至15,000之異氰酸酯官能性預聚物;(b)包含多元胺之混合物之固化劑,其中至少一種多元胺之胺當量為125至250;及(c)包含有機及無機粒子之耐磨添加劑。該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物為(i)聚異氰酸酯與具有一級及/或二級胺基之多元胺的反應產物;及/或(ii)聚異氰酸酯與多元醇的反應產物。在將該組合物塗覆至基材作為塗層且固化之後以形成經塗佈之基材後,該經塗佈之基材在經受1000次使用S-42砂紙條及兩個1000公克砝碼之TABER磨耗測試循環之後展現小於0.33cm3之塗層損失。亦揭示由該等組合物製備之經塗佈之基材及鞋類部件。
Description
本發明係有關可固化組合物及包括此等可固化組合物之經塗佈之基材及鞋類部件。
可固化組合物常常在廣泛多種的工業中用作塗層。該等工業可包括但不限於陸上運輸工具,諸如汽車、卡車、運動型多用途車、機車;水上運輸工具,諸如小艇、船及潛艇;飛行器,諸如飛機及直升機;工業,諸如商用設備及結構(包括壁及頂);建築,諸如建築用車輛及結構(包括壁及頂);軍事,諸如軍用車輛及軍用結構(包括壁及頂),例如彈藥筒及電池殼;及其類似物。
在此等工業中,塗層服務於各種目的,諸如保護各個部件免於由腐蝕、磨耗、衝擊、化學品、紫外光、火焰及熱量及其他環境曝露所致之損壞。因此,已付出相當大的努力以研發具有提高的性質之塗層組合物。
可固化組合物亦可用於鞋類工業中。鞋類,諸如鞋,總體上分成兩個部分,鞋面及鞋底。鞋面為設計成舒適地包裹腳之鞋類之一部分,而通常包括內底、視情況中底及外底之鞋底為設計成提供牽引力、保護作用、緩衝作用及/或耐久耐磨表面之鞋類之一部分。
該鞋面通常包含許多常常由不同材料製成之不同部件。該等材料包括例如天然皮革、合成皮革、乙烯及諸如耐綸(nylon)之織物;亦可使用其他紡織物。多數鞋面部件,尤其是「鞋頭」,可在甚至正常用鞋期間經受磨損及/或磨耗。
相似地,鞋底常常包括由不同材料製成之不同部件。中底通常由發泡體製成,諸如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)發泡體或聚胺基甲酸酯(諸如TPU)發泡體。此等材料在外加負載(諸如在身體活動期間由腳及腿產生之力)下彈性地壓縮。許多鞋,尤其是運動鞋,在另一鞋部件(諸如中底、外底及其類似物)內部包括填充緩衝裝置或氣囊。該等氣囊可為由聚合材料製成之可充氣插入物,該等聚合材料為可耐壓縮的以為鞋類穿用者提供額外的緩衝作用。舉例而言,此等氣囊可經凝膠、水或其他流體(諸如空氣或氮氣)填充。外底常常由合成及/或天然橡膠製成,諸如二氧化矽填充之橡膠組合物。該外底亦可在甚至正常用鞋期間經受磨損及/或磨耗。
因此需要鞋部件對於磨損、磨耗及其他損壞之耐性及/或耐久性提高。
本發明係有關一種可固化組合物,其包含:(a)重量平均分子量為4000至15,000之異氰酸酯官能性預聚物,其中該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物包含(i)聚異氰酸酯與具有一級及/或二級胺基之多元胺的反應產物;及/或(ii)聚異氰酸酯與多元醇的反應產物;(b)包含多元胺之混合物之固化劑,其中該固化劑中之至少一種多元胺之胺當量為125至250;及(c)包含有機及無機粒子之耐磨添加劑。該等有機粒子展現至少5微米之體積平均粒度且該等無機粒子展現至少90微米之體積平均粒度。本發明亦有關經塗佈之
基材,其包含具有至少一個可塗佈表面之基材及塗覆至該基材之至少一個表面之由上述可固化組合物形成的固化塗層。
本發明進一步有關由上述可固化組合物製備之鞋類部件。
如本文所使用,除非另外明確地規定,否則諸如表示值、範圍、量或百分比之數字的所有數字均可理解為如同前面加上詞語「約」,即使該術語並未明確地出現。本文所列舉之任何數值範圍意欲包括其中所含之所有子範圍。複數涵蓋單數,且反之亦然。「包括」及類似術語為開放性的;亦即其意謂「包括但不限於」。舉例而言,雖然本文(包括申請專利範圍)關於「一種」聚脲、「一種」聚胺基甲酸酯、「一種」異氰酸酯、「一種」胺、「一種」多元醇、「一種」聚硫醇、「一種」預聚物、「一種」催化劑及其類似物描述本發明,但可使用所有該等事物之混合物。又,如本文所使用之術語「聚合物」意欲指預聚物、寡聚物及均聚物與共聚物兩者;前綴「聚」係指兩個或超過兩個。
本文中提及任何單體通常係指可與諸如另一單體或聚合物之另一可聚合化合物聚合之單體。除非另外指示,否則應瞭解一旦單體組分彼此反應以形成化合物,該化合物就將包含該等單體組分之殘基。
本發明係有關一種包含(a)異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之可固化組合物。該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物包含(i)聚異氰酸酯與具有一級及/或二級胺基之多元胺的反應產物;及/或(ii)聚異氰酸酯與多元醇的反應產物。應注意當片語「及/或」用於清單中時,其意欲涵蓋包括該清單中之各單獨組分以及組分之任何組合的替代性實施例。舉例而言,清單「A、B及/或C」意欲涵蓋6個獨立實施例,其包括A、或B、或C、或A+B、或A+C、或
B+C、或A+B+C。又,如本文所用之「異氰酸酯官能性預聚物」係指聚異氰酸酯與多元胺及視情況與諸如多元醇及/或硫醇之其他異氰酸酯反應性基團的反應產物;該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物具有至少一個游離異氰酸酯官能基(NCO)。根據本發明,可使用異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之組合。用於製備該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之反應混合物基本上不含任何含磷多元醇。
該可固化組合物亦基本上不含任何含磷多元醇或其反應產物。如包括申請專利範圍之本說明書全篇所使用,「基本上不含」意謂化合物並不有意存在於該組合物中;且若化合物存在於該組合物中,則其附帶地以小於0.1重量%、通常小於痕量之量存在。
如本文所使用之術語「固化」及「可固化」係指組合物之任何可交聯組分經由化學反應交聯或可至少部分經由化學反應交聯之組合物。舉例而言,該等可交聯組分之交聯密度(亦即交聯程度)介於5%至100%之範圍內,諸如至少5%或至少35%或至少50%及至多100%或至多85%之完全交聯。熟習此項技術者將理解可藉由各種方法來測定交聯之存在及程度(亦即交聯密度),諸如使用在氮氣下進行之Polymer Laboratories MK III DMTA分析儀的動態機械熱分析(DMTA)。
如本文所使用之術語「異氰酸酯」包括能夠與諸如羥基、硫醇或胺官能基之反應性基團形成共價鍵之未封端的異氰酸酯化合物。因此,異氰酸酯可指「游離異氰酸酯」。可替代地,其可用任何已知的封端劑封端。
用於製備異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之合適的聚異氰酸酯可包括一或多種為此項技術中已知之聚異氰酸酯。合適的聚異氰酸酯之非限制性實例可包括單體、二聚、三聚及/或寡聚聚異氰酸酯。舉例而言,該異氰酸酯可為C2-C20直鏈、分支鏈、環狀、芳族、脂族異氰酸酯或其組合。
用於製備異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之聚異氰酸酯常常為脂族聚異氰酸酯。合適的聚異氰酸酯之實例包括異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI),其為異氰酸3,3,5-三甲基-5-異氰酸酯基-甲基-環己酯;氫化材料,諸如二異氰酸環己二酯、二異氰酸4,4'-亞甲基二環己酯(H12MDI);聚亞甲基異氰酸酯,諸如1,4-四亞甲基二異氰酸酯、1,5-五亞甲基二異氰酸酯、1,6-六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(HMDI)、1,7-七亞甲基二異氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基六亞甲基二異氰酸酯及2,4,4-三甲基六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、1,10-十亞甲基二異氰酸酯及2-甲基-1,5-五亞甲基二異氰酸酯;及其混合物。
芳族聚異氰酸酯之實例包括二異氰酸伸苯酯、二異氰酸甲苯酯(TDI)、二異氰酸二甲苯酯、1,5-萘二異氰酸酯、2,4-二異氰酸氯伸苯酯、二異氰酸二甲基聯苯酯(bitoluene diisocyanate)、聯茴香胺二異氰酸酯、聯甲苯胺二異氰酸酯、烷基化苯二異氰酸酯、亞甲基間斷的芳族二異氰酸酯(諸如二異氰酸亞甲基二苯酯)、4,4'-異構體(MDI)(包括諸如3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二苯甲烷二異氰酸酯、聚合二異氰酸亞甲基二苯酯之烷基化類似物);混合二異氰酸芳烷酯,諸如二異氰酸四甲基二甲苯酯、OCN-C(CH3)2-C6H4C(CH3)2-NCO;及其混合物。
用於製備異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之聚異氰酸酯可包括二聚體(諸如1,6-六亞甲基二異氰酸酯之脲二酮(uretdione))、三聚體(諸如1,6-己烷二異氰酸酯之縮二脲及異氰脲酸酯及異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯之異氰脲酸酯)及脲基甲酸酯(allophonate)。亦可使用經改質之異氰酸酯,包括碳二醯亞胺及脲酮-亞胺及其混合物。合適的材料包括但不限於可以名稱DESMODUR購自Covestro LLC的材料且包括DESMODUR N 3200、DESMODUR N 3300、DESMODUR N 3400、DESMODUR N3900及DESMODUR XP
2580。可購自Vencorex Chemicals之TOLONATE HDT LV2亦為合適的。
以異氰酸酯官能性預聚物(a)中之樹脂固體之總重量計,使用過量(常常大於10重量%)的聚異氰酸酯係有利的。該過量聚異氰酸酯在該可固化組合物中充當塑化劑。
使該聚異氰酸酯與(i)具有一級及/或二級胺基之多元胺及/或(ii)多元醇反應。該等多元胺及多元醇可為此項技術中已知之多元胺及多元醇中之任一者,諸如丙烯酸、聚酯、聚碳酸酯及/或聚醚。最常使用聚醚。合適的聚醚包括聚氧伸烷基胺,其具有兩個或超過兩個連接至主鏈之一級及/或二級胺基,衍生自例如環氧丙烷、環氧乙烷、環氧丁烷或其混合物。該等胺之實例包括可以名稱JEFFAMINE,諸如JEFFAMINE D-230、D-400、D-2000、HK-511、ED-600、ED-900、ED-2003、T-403、T-3000、T-5000、SD-231、SD-401、SD-2001及ST-404(來自Huntsman Corporation)購得的胺。該等胺之近似數目平均分子量介於200至7500之範圍內。如本文所使用,藉由凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)使用聚苯乙烯標準品來測定聚合物及寡聚物之數目或重量平均分子量。
具有羥基之合適的聚醚包括聚醚多元醇,諸如聚伸烷醚多元醇,其包括具有以下結構式之聚醚多元醇:
其中取代基R1為氫或含有1至5個碳原子之低碳數烷基,包括混合取代基,且n通常為2至6且m為8至100或更高。聚(氧基四亞甲基)二醇、聚(氧基四亞乙基)二醇、聚(氧基-1,2-伸丙基)二醇及聚(氧基-1,2-伸丁基)二醇係包括在內。
由烷氧基化各種多元醇形成之聚醚多元醇亦係有用的,例如諸如乙二醇、1,6-己二醇、雙酚A及其類似物之二醇,或諸如三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇及其類似物之其他高級多元醇。舉例而言,可藉由烷氧基化諸如蔗糖或山梨糖醇之化合物來製得可如指示使用之更高官能的多元醇。一種通常使用的烷氧基化方法為在酸性或鹼性催化劑之存在下使多元醇與環氧烷(例如環氧丙烷或環氧乙烷)反應。特別的聚醚多元醇包括以名稱TERATHANE(例如TERATHANE 250、TERATHANE 650、TERATHANE 1000)及TERACOL(可購自Invista Corporation)及POLYMEG(可購自Lyondell Chemical Co)出售的聚醚多元醇。
在本發明之尤其合適的實例中,異氰酸酯官能性預聚物包含聚異氰酸酯與具有一級胺基之聚醚的反應產物。舉例而言,該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物常常為異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯與JEFFAMINE D-4000的反應產物。
該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之重量平均分子量通常為1400至15,000,常常為4000至15,000,或5000至10,000。另外,該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之異氰酸酯當量通常大於300,常常為400至1000。
本發明之可固化組合物可進一步包含與異氰酸酯官能性預聚物組合之非預聚物異氰酸酯(諸如單體聚異氰酸酯)。該非預聚物異氰酸酯可與用於形成異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之聚異氰酸酯相同或不同,且可包含一或多種上文所揭示之異氰酸酯。舉例而言,若使用異氰酸酯之組合,則該等異
氰酸酯應為實質上相容的;該等異氰酸酯官能性預聚物可實質上與該非預聚物異氰酸酯相容。如本文所使用,「實質上相容的」意謂材料與其他材料形成摻合物之能力,該摻合物係實質上均質的且隨時間推移將保持實質上均質的。諸如在形成異氰酸酯官能性預聚物中,異氰酸酯與有機材料之反應有助於使該異氰酸酯相容。
本發明之可固化組合物進一步包含(b)固化劑,該固化劑又包含多元胺之混合物。該混合物中之至少一種多元胺之胺當量為125至250。該等多元胺為該可固化組合物提供硬度。合適的多元胺可包括為此項技術中已知之多元胺。合適的多元胺之非限制性實例可包括但不限於一級及二級胺及其混合物,諸如本文所揭示之胺中之任一者。亦可使用胺封端的聚脲。
可使用包含三級胺官能基之胺,其條件為該胺進一步包含至少兩個一級及/或二級胺基。
多元胺之混合物可包括例如具有至少兩個官能基之多元胺,諸如二、三或更高官能的胺及其組合。該等多元胺可為芳族或脂族(諸如環脂族)多元胺或其混合物。合適的一級多元胺包括乙二胺、1,2-二胺基丙烷、1,4-二胺基丁烷、1,3-二胺基戊烷(DYTEK EP,Invista)、1,6-二胺基己烷、2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺(DYTEK A,Invista)、2,5-二胺-2,5-二甲基己烷、2,2,4-及/或2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-二胺基-己烷、1,11-二胺基十一烷、1,12-二胺基十二烷、1,3-及/或1,4-環己烷二胺、1-胺基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-胺甲基-環己烷(異佛爾酮二胺或IPDA)、2,4-及/或2,6-六氫甲苯二胺、2,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷、4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷(PACM-20,Air Products)及3,3'-二烷基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷((諸如3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷(DIMETHYL DICYKAN或LAROMIN C260,BASF;ANCAMINE
2049,Air Products)及3,3'-二乙基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷)、2,4-及/或2,6-二胺基甲苯、3,5-二乙基甲苯-2,4-二胺、3,5-二乙基甲苯-2,6-二胺、3,5-二甲硫基-2,4-甲苯二胺、3,5-二甲硫基-2,4-甲苯二胺、2,4'-及/或4,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、二丙烯三胺、雙六亞甲基三胺或其組合。
二級環脂族二胺亦可用於本發明中。合適的環脂族二胺包括JEFFLINK 754(Huntsman Corporation)、CLEARLINK 1000(Dorf-Ketal Chemicals,LLC)及天冬胺酸酯官能性胺,諸如可以名稱DESMOPHEN(諸如DESMOPHEN NH1220、DESMOPHEN NH 1420及DESMOPHEN NH 1520)(Covestro LLC.)購得之胺。可用於本發明之其他合適的二級胺包括包含一級胺官能基之材料(諸如本文所描述之材料)與丙烯腈的反應產物。舉例而言,該二級胺可為4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷與丙烯腈的反應產物。可替代地,該二級胺可為異佛爾酮二胺與丙烯腈的反應產物,諸如POLYCLEAR 136(可購自BASF/Hansen Group LLC)。脂族二級二胺之胺當量常常高達200,更常常高達162。
可用於本發明中之固化劑(b)中之其他多元胺包括一級多元胺與單或聚環氧化物的加合物,諸如異佛爾酮二胺與CARDURA E-10P(可購自Hexion,Inc.)的反應產物。
該固化劑(b)常常包含5至50重量%之胺當量為125至250之脂族多元胺及50至95重量%之胺當量為900至2500之脂族多元胺。舉例而言,該固化劑常常包含20重量%之胺當量為約161之CLEARLINK 1000及80重量%JEFFAMINE T-5000(胺當量為約1902之三官能脂族胺)。
該固化劑(b)可進一步包含具有羥基官能基之額外的樹脂。實例包括聚酯多元醇及聚醚多元醇,諸如上文所揭示之聚醚多元醇。TERATHANE
650在該固化劑中常常用作額外的樹脂。當使用時,以該固化劑中之固體之總重量計,該等樹脂可以2至15重量%之量存在。
本發明之可固化組合物進一步包含(c)耐磨添加劑。該耐磨添加劑包含有機及無機粒子之混合物。該等粒子常常為化學上惰性的、未經處理且未經塗佈之粒子。「化學上惰性」意謂該等粒子並不與該可固化組合物中之任何其他組分發生化學反應。當該等粒子為有機粒子時,其展現體積平均粒度為至少5微米,諸如5至7.5微米或9.75至60微米;且當該等粒子為無機粒子時,其展現體積平均粒度為至少90微米,常常至少95微米。除非另外指示,否則使用可購自Sympatec GmbH之HELOS粒度分析儀經由雷射繞射符合ISO 13320:2009且使用夫朗和斐增強型評估(Fraunhofer Enhanced Evaluation)來量測在此等尺寸範圍內之粒度。
合適的有機粒子包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯及平均碳鏈長度為C20至C50之飽和直鏈一級醇。該等飽和直鏈一級醇包括可購自Baker Hughes,Inc.之UNILIN醇。亦可使用可購自Baker Hughes,Inc.之體積平均粒度為5.0至7.5微米之聚乙烯與聚丙烯的粒狀共聚物,如PETROLITE,諸如PETROLITE 5000 T6。
合適的無機粒子尤其包括未經處理之氧化鋁,諸如在來自Micro Abrasives Corporation之產品之MICROGRIT系列中可獲得的氧化鋁。亦有可能為各類型粒子之組合。
視預期的應用而定,該耐磨添加劑中之有機粒子與無機粒子之重量比可介於1:99至99:1之範圍內,諸如10:90至90:10,50:50或小於10:40。以該可固化組合物中之固體之總重量計,該耐磨添加劑通常以至少10重量%、常常至少20重量%之量存在於本發明之可固化組合物中。
本發明之可固化組合物可包含一或多種額外的成分。舉例而言,額外的成分可包括助黏劑,諸如胺官能性材料、胺基矽烷及其類似物、鹵化聚烯烴(例如氯化聚烯烴)或有機鈦酸酯。包含1,5-二氮雙環[4.3.0]壬-5-烯、1,8-二氮雙環[5.4.0]十一-7-烯及/或1,4-二氮雙環[2.2.2]辛烷之三級胺為適用作助黏劑之例示性的胺官能性材料。用作助黏劑之胺基矽烷之實例為y-胺丙基三乙氧基矽烷(作為來自Momentive Performance Chemicals之SILQUEST A1100市售)。亦可使用來自Momentive Perfoemance Chemicals之SILQUEST A1110及A LINK 35。其他合適的胺官能性助黏劑包括1,3,4,6,7,8-六氫-2H-嘧啶并-(1,2-A)-嘧啶、羥乙基哌嗪、N-胺乙基哌嗪、二甲胺乙醚、四甲亞胺基丙胺(作為來自Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.之POLYCAT® 15市售)、諸如IPDI與二甲胺之加合物之封端胺、諸如三聚氰胺自身或亞胺基三聚氰胺樹脂(例如CYMEL® 220或CYMEL® 303,可購自Allnex)之三聚氰胺。含金屬助黏劑可包括諸如鋁螯合錯合物(例如可購自King Industries之K-Kat 5218)之金屬螯合錯合物或諸如辛酸亞錫之含錫組合物及諸如二月桂酸二丁錫及二乙酸二丁錫之有機錫化合物。其他助黏劑可包括諸如氯磷酸鹽之鹽、諸如環氧化羥基封端的聚丁二烯樹脂(例如可購自Atofina Chemicals,Inc.之POLY bd® 605E)之丁二烯樹脂、聚酯多元醇(例如CAPA® 3091,可購自Solvay America,Inc.之聚酯三醇)及諸如芳族胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯寡聚物(例如可購自Sartomer Company,Inc.之CN999)之胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯組合物。合適的有機鈦酸酯助黏劑包括鈦酸四正丁酯、鈦酸四異丙酯、鈦酸丁基異丙酯及乙醯基丙酮酸鈦。
本發明之可固化組合物可進一步包含將賦予該組合物以所需性質之
任何額外的樹脂及/或添加劑。舉例而言,該組合物可進一步包含賦予由該組合物形成之塗層以額外的可撓性之樹脂及/或添加劑。可撓性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂為此項技術中已知且亦描述於例如美國專利申請案第11/155,154號、第11/021,325號、第11/020,921號、第12/056,306號及第12/056,304號中,其切合部分以引用的方式併入本文中。該聚胺基甲酸酯自身可添加至該組合物中,或該聚胺基甲酸酯可原位形成於該可固化組合物中。應瞭解,可藉由使羥基官能性組分與異氰酸酯以與本文所描述之胺與異氰酸酯組分反應之非常相同的方式反應來形成聚胺基甲酸酯。因此,羥基官能性組分可與胺組分混合或用於添加至胺組分中以原位形成聚胺基甲酸酯。
本發明之可固化組合物可視情況包括此項技術中標準材料,諸如玻璃纖維、穩定劑、增稠劑、催化劑、著色劑、抗氧化劑、紫外光吸收劑、受阻胺光穩定劑、流變改質劑、流動添加劑、抗靜電劑及表面塗層技術中眾所周知之其他效能或性質改質劑及其混合物。合適的流變改質劑包括固體及/或液體流變改質劑,其可為基於有機物及/或無機物的聚合物,諸如膨潤土、煙霧狀二氧化矽、BYK 411(可購自Chemie)或其組合。
本發明之可固化組合物可包括著色劑。如本文中所使用之術語「著色劑」意謂賦予該組合物以顏色及/或其他不透明度及/或其他視覺效果之任何物質。可將著色劑以諸如離散粒子、分散體、溶液及/或薄片之任何合適的形式添加至該組合物。單一著色劑或兩種或超過兩種著色劑之混合物可用於本發明之組合物中。應注意粒狀著色劑不同於存在於耐磨添加劑(c)中之粒子。已發現如下文實例中所示,粒狀著色劑並不賦予可固化組合物足以使其視為合適可固化組合物之耐磨性。
示例著色劑包括顏料、染料及色料,諸如用於塗料工業中及/或乾燥顏色製造商協會(Dry Color Manufacturers Association)(DCMA)所列之著色劑以及特定效果組合物。舉例而言,著色劑可包括在使用條件下不可溶但可潤濕之細粉狀固體粉末。著色劑可為有機或無機的且可為黏聚或非黏聚的。可藉由研磨或簡單混合將著色劑併入至該組合物中。可藉由使用研磨工具(諸如丙烯酸研磨工具)研磨將著色劑併入至該組合物中,研磨工具之用法應為熟習此項技術者所熟悉。
示例顏料及/或顏料組合物包括但不限於咔唑雙噁嗪粗顏料、偶氮、單偶氮、雙偶氮、萘酚AS、鹽類型(色澱)、苯并咪唑酮、縮合、金屬錯合物、異吲哚啉酮、異吲哚啉及多環酞青、喹吖啶酮、苝、哌瑞酮、二酮基吡咯并吡咯、硫靛、蒽醌、陰丹士林(indanthrone)、蒽嘧啶(anthrapyrimidine)、黃士酮、皮蒽酮、蒽嵌蒽醌(anthanthrone)、雙噁嗪、三芳基、喹啉黃顏料、二酮吡咯并吡咯紅(「DPPBO紅」)、二氧化鈦、碳黑、碳纖維、石墨、其他導電性顏料及/或填充劑及其混合物。術語「顏料」與「有色填充劑」可互換使用。
示例染料包括基於溶劑及/或水之染料,諸如酸性染料、偶氮染料、鹼性染料、直接染料、分散染料、反應性染料、溶劑染料、硫染料、媒染染料,例如釩酸鉍、蒽醌、苝、鋁、喹吖啶酮、噻唑、噻嗪、偶氮、靛藍、硝基、亞硝基、噁嗪、酞青、喹啉、芪及三苯甲烷。
示例色料包括分散於基於水或水溶性載劑中之顏料,諸如可購自Degussa,Inc.之AQUA-CHEM 896,可購自Eastman Chemical,Inc.之Accurate Dispersions部門之CHARISMA COLORANTS及MAXITONER INDUSTRIAL COLORANTS。
如上所指出,該著色劑可呈包括奈米粒子分散體之分散體的形式。
奈米粒子分散體可包括一或多種產生所需的可見顏色及/或不透明度及/或視覺效果之高度分散的奈米粒子著色劑及/或著色劑粒子。奈米粒子分散體可包括著色劑,諸如粒度小於150nm、諸如小於70nm或小於30nm之顏料或染料。可藉由用粒度小於0.5mm之研磨介質碾磨原料有機或無機顏料來產生奈米粒子。示例奈米粒子分散體及用於製造其之方法標識於美國專利第6,875,800 B2號中。亦可藉由結晶、沈澱、氣相縮合及化學損耗(亦即部分溶解)來產生奈米粒子分散體。為使塗層內奈米粒子之再黏聚降至最低,可使用經樹脂塗佈之奈米粒子分散體。如本文使用,「經樹脂塗佈之奈米粒子分散體」係指其中分散有離散「複合微粒」的連續相,該等「複合微粒」包含奈米粒子及奈米粒子上之樹脂塗層。示例經樹脂塗佈之奈米粒子分散體及用於製造其之方法標識於2004年6月24日提交之美國申請案第10/876,031號及2003年6月24日提交之美國臨時申請案第60/482,167號中。
可用於本發明之組合物中之示例特定效果組合物包括產生一或多種外觀效果之顏料及/或組合物,諸如反光(reflectance)、珠光、金屬光澤、磷光、螢光、光變色性、光敏性、熱變色性、角變色性及/或顏色變化性。額外的特定效果組合物可提供其他可覺性質,諸如反射性、不透明度或紋理。特定效果組合物可產生顏色偏移,使得當在不同角度下觀察塗層時塗層之顏色改變。示例顏色效果組合物標識於美國專利第6,894,086號中,其以引用的方式併入本文中。額外的顏色效果組合物可包括透明塗佈雲母及/或合成雲母、塗佈二氧化矽、塗佈氧化鋁、透明液晶顏料、液晶塗層及/或由於材料內折射率差異而非由於材料表面與空氣之間的折射率
差異引起干涉之任何組合物。
當曝露於一或多種光源時可逆地變更其顏色之光敏性組合物及/或光變色性組合物可用於本發明之組合物中。可藉由曝露於指定波長之輻射來活化光變色性及/或光敏性組合物。當該組合物受到激發時,分子結構改變且變更的結構展現不同於該組合物原始顏色的新顏色。當曝露於輻射移除時,光變色性及/或光敏性組合物可恢復至靜止狀態,其中該組合物恢復原始顏色。該光變色性及/或光敏性組合物可在非激發狀態下呈無色且在激發狀態下展現顏色。完全的顏色變化可在數毫秒至數分鐘(諸如20秒至60秒)內出現。示例光變色性及/或光敏性組合物包括光變色性染料。
該光敏性組合物及/或光變色性組合物可與聚合物及/或可聚合組分之聚合材料締合及/或至少部分結合,諸如藉由共價結合。與聚合物及/或可聚合組分締合及/或至少部分結合的光敏性組合物及/或光變色性組合物自組合物中遷移出最少。
一般而言,著色劑可以任何足以賦予所需性質、視覺及/或顏色效果之量存在於該可固化組合物中。著色劑可占本發明組合物之1至65重量%,諸如3至40重量%或5至35重量%,其中重量%係以該等組合物之總重量計。
當將本發明之可固化組合物塗覆至基材例如作為塗層時,其可具有匹配於相關聯之基材之顏色的顏色。如本文所使用之術語「匹配」及類似術語在指顏色匹配時意謂本發明之塗層組合物的顏色實質上對應於所需顏色或相關聯之基材的顏色。此可視覺上觀察或使用光譜學設備確認。舉例而言,當可固化組合物之基材為鞋類部件時,諸如聚合氣囊或鞋面部件,該可固化組合物之顏色可實質上匹配於另一鞋類部件之顏色。舉例而言,
塗佈有本發明之可固化組合物的鞋頭可與其餘的鞋面、中底及/或外底顏色匹配。此匹配可視覺上觀察或使用光譜學設備確認。
本發明組合物之可固化組合物通常製備為多封裝系統以防止組分在使用之前固化。術語「多封裝系統」意謂各組分保持分開直至即將使用之前(諸如塗覆至基材作為塗層)之組合物。本發明之組合物通常製備為雙封裝(「2K」)組合物,其中異氰酸酯官能性預聚物(a)為第一封裝且固化劑(b)為第二封裝。本發明之可固化組合物適合於用作塗層或可將其模製、鑄型、3-D打印或以其他方式塑形成製品。
儘管加熱空氣或熱固化可施加於該組合物以便加速固化該組合物或增強諸如黏著力之性質,但該組合物可在周圍條件下固化。「周圍」條件意謂不施加熱量或其他能量;舉例而言,當可固化組合物進行加熱固化反應而不在烘箱中烘烤、使用強制空氣、照射或其類似方式促進該反應時,該反應據稱在周圍條件下發生。周圍溫度通常介於60至90℉(15.6至32.2℃)之範圍內,諸如72℉(22.2℃)之典型的室溫。可替代地,該組合物可曝露於光化輻射或高溫持續一段足以至少部分地固化該可固化成膜組合物之時間。典型的光化輻射條件為在照射強度為1.5至2.0mW/cm2下315至400nm(UVA)。該組合物可在周圍溫度下固化持續通常介於約45秒至約12小時之範圍內的時間段。舉例而言,該組合物可在72℉(22.2℃)下固化持續介於約45秒至約12小時之範圍內的時間段。若周圍溫度及烘烤以組合形式採用以獲得諸如更好的黏著力之其他所需性質,則通常准許該組合物靜置約45秒至約30分鐘之時間段,接著在高達約140℉(60℃)之溫度下調節(固化)持續介於約20分鐘至約12小時之範圍內的時間段。
本發明進一步延伸至經塗佈之基材,其包含A)具有至少一個可塗佈
表面之基材;及B)由塗覆至基材之至少一個表面且固化於其上的成膜組合物形成之塗層。該成膜組合物係由上述可固化組合物製備。
合適的基材之非限制性實例可包括金屬、天然及/或合成石材、陶瓷、玻璃、磚、水泥、混凝土、煤渣磚(cinderblock)、木材及複合材料及其層板;壁板、乾壁、石膏板、水泥板、塑膠、紙、PVC、諸如屋頂板之屋面材料、屋面複合材料及層板及屋面乾壁、苯乙烯發泡體、可塑性複合材料、丙烯酸複合材料、衝擊複合材料、瀝青、玻璃纖維、土壤、礫石及其類似物。金屬可包括但不限於鋁、冷軋鋼、電鍍鋅鋼、熱浸鍍鋅鋼、鈦及合金;聚合材料可包括但不限於TPO、SMC、TPU、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯及聚醯胺(耐綸)。基材可為塗有底漆的金屬及/或塑膠;亦即有機或無機層塗覆至其。包括織物、皮革及發泡體(諸如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)發泡體或聚胺基甲酸酯(諸如TPU)發泡體)之常用於鞋類中之材料亦為合適的基材。
可將本發明之可固化組合物塗覆至裸(例如未經處理、未經塗佈)基材、預處理基材及/或具有至少一個其他塗層之經塗佈之基材。舉例而言,該基材表面可在塗覆可固化組合物之前經電漿處理以增強基材表面與塗層之間的黏著力。可替代地,包含助黏劑之黏著層可安置於基材與塗層之間。在另一實例中,可將本發明之可固化組合物塗覆至多層塗層複合物。塗覆至基材之第一塗層可選自用於表面塗層基材之各種此項技術中已知之塗層組合物。非限制性實例可包括可電沈積成膜組合物、底漆組合物、著色或非著色單塗層組合物、著色或非著色基底塗層組合物、透明面塗層組合物、工業塗層組合物及其類似物。
可藉由包括噴霧、浸漬/浸沒、刷塗或流動塗佈在內的多種方法中之
一或多種將該等組合物塗覆至基材。當基材包含地板時,最常藉由噴霧來塗覆其。可如下文所描述使用用於空氣噴霧及靜電噴霧之習知的噴霧技術及設備及手動或自動方法。塗層之乾膜厚度通常為1-25密耳(25.4-635微米)、常常為5-80密耳(127-2032微米)。固化條件可如上文所描述。
當將可固化組合物噴霧塗覆至基材時,可使用雙組分混合裝置來製備該組合物。在此實例中,將異氰酸酯及胺添加至高壓衝擊混合裝置。將異氰酸酯添加至「A側」且將胺添加至「B側」。使該A及B側流彼此衝擊且緊接著噴霧至未經塗佈或經塗佈之基材之至少一部分上。該異氰酸酯與胺反應以產生塗層組合物,其在塗覆至該未經塗佈或經塗佈之基材後固化。亦可在塗覆之前加熱該A及/或B側以達至70℃之溫度,諸如60℃。
加熱可促成該兩個組分之間更好的黏度匹配且因此更好的混合,但不必要發生固化反應。可在23℃之溫度(諸如7℃至14℃)下塗覆該A及/或B側。
「靜態混合管」塗覆器為此項技術中已知之塗覆器件,其可用於本發明。在此器件中,異氰酸酯及胺各儲存於分開的腔室中。由於施加壓力,該等組分中之各者以1:1之體積比進入混合管道。藉助於該管道內彎曲或螺旋路徑來實現該等組分之混合。該管道之出口端可具有可用於噴霧塗覆反應混合物之霧化能力。可替代地,可將流體反應混合物塗覆至基材作為珠粒。靜態混合管塗覆器可購自Plas-Pak Industries Inc.或Cammda Corporation。
異氰酸酯與胺之體積混合比可使得所得異氰酸酯與胺之反應混合物可以1:1體積混合比塗覆至基材。如本文所使用,「體積混合比1:1」意謂各組分之體積混合比變化了高達20%或高達10%或高達5%。
咸信可選擇異氰酸酯基與胺基之當量比以控制本發明之塗層組合物
的固化速率。已發現當異氰酸酯基與胺基之當量比(亦稱為反應指數)大於1(諸如1.01至1.10:1,或1.03至1.10:1,或1.05至1.08:1,或1.01至1.4比1,或1.01至1.5,或1.3或大於1.3比1)時,可產生固化及黏著力優點。術語「1:1體積比」意謂各組分之體積比變化了高達20%或高達10%或高達5%。
可使用市售混合裝置,諸如描述於美國專利公開案第2007/0160851號之第[0037]段及第[0038]段中的混合裝置。
在將該可固化組合物塗覆至基材作為塗層且固化之後以形成經塗佈之基材後,該經塗佈之基材在經受1000次使用來自Taber Industries之S-42砂紙條及兩個1000公克砝碼之TABER磨耗測試循環之後展現小於0.33cm3之塗層損失。如下文實例中所描述進行該TABER磨耗測試。
本發明進一步有關由上述可固化組合物中之任一者製備之鞋類部件。該可固化組合物可用作在部件上之塗層或可用於形成整個部件自身。
如本文所使用之術語「鞋類」及「鞋」包括體育及運動鞋、男式及女式禮服鞋、男式及女式休閒鞋、兒童鞋、涼鞋、人字拖、靴子、工作靴、戶外鞋類、矯形鞋、拖鞋及其類似物。術語「鞋類部件」包括鞋之任何部件,包括外底、中底、聚合氣囊、鞋面材料及鞋墊。應瞭解,此等部件係由多種不同材料或基材製備。在某些實例中,根據本發明塗佈之鞋類部件形成全部或部分鞋面。根據本發明塗佈之鞋面的特別合適的部分為鞋頭。「鞋頭」將理解為指鞋之前部,其通常經受相對較高程度的磨損及/或磨耗。
已出乎意料地發現,用本發明之可固化組合物塗佈鞋之此部分引起耐磨損及/或磨耗性提高。
鞋類部件亦可包含塗佈有本發明之可固化組合物之聚合氣囊。舉例
而言,該聚合氣囊可填充以電漿、水或其他流體,諸如氣體,包括空氣、氮氣及其類似物。該等氣囊係在鞋類工業中已知且描述於例如美國專利第6,944,973號、第6,119,371號、第5,713,141號、第5,952,065號、第5,353,459號、第4,506,460號及第4,219,945號中。
在本發明之某些實例中,聚合氣囊包含於中底內,且至少部分塗佈有本發明之可固化組合物的為中底。舉例而言,可將該組合物塗覆至含有氮氣填充聚合氣囊之中底底面以保護該氣囊免於穿孔故障。在其他實例中,聚合氣囊包含於外底內。
鞋類部件亦可為包含本發明之可固化組合物之外底。外底可藉由以下方式形成:澆鑄可固化組合物板且將該板後處理成所需形狀及形態,在模具中澆鑄該可固化組合物,將該可固化組合物噴霧至模具中,3-D印刷或射出成型該部件。外底可預成形且接著隨後黏著地附接至該中底。中底與可固化組合物之間的黏著力可藉由以下方式增強:在可固化組合物中包括助黏劑,處理中底表面(諸如藉由電漿處理),隨後對其塗覆該可固化組合物,及/或塗覆黏著層至中底表面,隨後對其塗覆該可固化組合物。可能需要在塗覆該預形成外底之前(或者,若該外底原位形成,則在塗覆該可固化組合物之前)用溶劑擦拭該中底;合適的溶劑包括對所塗佈之基材無害的溶劑,諸如丙酮、MEK、異丙醇及其類似物。當該中底包含發泡體時,可能需要在塗覆該外底之前使該部件浸漬於粉末中,諸如描述於美國專利申請案第11/448,627號中。
鞋類部件之乾膜厚度可介於20至1000密耳(508至25400微米)或40至150密耳(1016至3810微米)或60至100密耳(1524-2540微米)或500至750密耳(12700至19050微米)之範圍內。應瞭解,此等層相對「較厚」。亦可將
本發明之組合物塗覆為更薄的層,諸如0.1至小於15密耳(2.54至小於381微米)或0.1至10(2.54至254微米)或0.5至3(12.7至76.2微米)或1至2密耳(25.4至50.8微米)。亦可組合在此等範圍內之端點中之任一者。因為無機粒子比用於在本發明之可固化組合物中之耐磨添加劑的有機粒子大得多,所以該外底之乾膜厚度視各類粒子之相對量而變化。舉例而言,當有機粒子與無機粒子之重量比小於10:40時,該外底之乾膜厚度通常為508至25400微米。當有機粒子與無機粒子之重量比為至少40:10時,該外底之乾膜厚度通常為25.4至254微米。
如本文所描述製備之諸如外底之鞋類部件將通常為使用者提供良好的牽引力,尤其在諸如雨或雪之潤濕條件下。與典型的天然及/或合成橡膠外底相比,該部件亦將通常展現增強的耐磨損及/或磨耗性。
在本發明之鞋類部件中觀察到之耐磨性在踏面及鞋外底之其他部分中特別相關,但亦在鞋之鞋頭中特別相關,尤其網球鞋,其中鞋頭在運動期間(諸如在發球期間)常常拖曳。通常的情況為,穿用者會磨損鞋頭使得美觀性或甚至鞋自身受損且最終使得鞋頭穿孔。本發明之鞋類部件在經受1000次使用S-42砂紙條及兩個1000公克砝碼之TABER磨耗測試循環之後通常展現小於0.33cm3之材料損失。
據稱本發明可涵蓋上述特徵及實例中之各者及其組合。本發明因此延伸至以下非限制性態樣:
1.一種可固化組合物,其包含:(a)重量平均分子量為4000至15,000之異氰酸酯官能性預聚物,其中該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物包含(i)聚異氰酸酯與具有一級及/或二級胺基之多元胺的反應產物;及/或(ii)聚異氰酸酯與多元醇的反應產物;
(b)包含多元胺之混合物之固化劑,其中該固化劑中之至少一種多元胺之胺當量為125至250;及(c)包含有機及無機粒子之耐磨添加劑,其中該等有機粒子展現至少5微米之體積平均粒度,且該等無機粒子展現至少90微米之體積平均粒度。
2.如態樣1之可固化組合物,其中用於製備該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之該聚異氰酸酯為脂族聚異氰酸酯。
3.如態樣1至2中之任一態樣之可固化組合物,其中異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之異氰酸酯當量大於300。
4.如態樣1至3中之任一態樣之組合物,其中該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物包含聚異氰酸酯與具有一級胺基之聚醚的反應產物。
5.如態樣1至4中之任一態樣之組合物,其中該固化劑包含5至50重量%之胺當量為125至250之脂族多元胺及50至95重量%之胺當量為900至2500之脂族多元胺。
6.如態樣1至5中之任一態樣之組合物,其中該耐磨添加劑之有機及無機粒子包含化學上惰性的、未經處理且未經塗佈之粒子。
7.如態樣1至6中之任一態樣之組合物,其中以該組合物中之固體之總重量計,該耐磨添加劑以至少10重量%之量存在於該組合物中。
8.如態樣1至7中之任一態樣之組合物,其中該等無機粒子包含未經處理之氧化鋁,且該等有機粒子包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯及/或平均碳鏈長度為C20至C50之飽和直鏈一級醇。
9.如態樣1至8中之任一態樣之組合物,其中該耐磨添加劑之有機粒子展現5至7.5微米之體積平均粒度。
10.一種經塗佈之基材,其包含:A)具有至少一個可塗佈表面之基材,及B)由塗覆至該基材之至少一個表面且固化於其上的成膜組合物形成之塗層,其中該成膜組合物係由如態樣1至9中之任一態樣之可固化組合物製備。
11.如態樣10之經塗佈之基材,其中該基材包含木材、金屬、玻璃、織物、皮革、複合材料或聚合材料。
12.如態樣10至11中之任一態樣之經塗佈之基材,其中該基材包含鄰近由該可固化組合物形成之塗層的經電漿處理之表面。
13.如態樣10至12中之任一態樣之經塗佈之基材,其進一步包含安置於基材(A)與塗層(B)之間的黏著層,其中該黏著層包含助黏劑。
14.一種鞋類部件,其中該部件係由如態樣1至9中之任一態樣之可固化組合物製備,其中該鞋類部件在經受1000次使用S-42砂紙條及兩個1000公克砝碼之TABER磨耗測試循環之後展現小於0.33cm3之塗層損失。
15.如態樣14之鞋類部件,其中該鞋類部件展現乾膜厚度為508至25400微米,且該耐磨添加劑中之有機與無機粒子之重量比小於10:40。
16.如態樣14之鞋類部件,其中該鞋類部件展現乾膜厚度為25.4至254微米,且該耐磨添加劑中之有機與無機粒子之重量比為至少40:10。
17.如態樣14至16中之任一態樣之鞋類部件,其中該可固化組合物進一步包含助黏劑。
18.一種鞋類,其包含如態樣14至17中之任一態樣之鞋類部件。
鑒於已詳細地描述本發明之特定實例,熟習此項技術者應瞭解可按照本發明之全部教示內容對彼等細節做出各種修改及替代。因此,所揭示
之特別佈置意謂僅係說明性的且並不限制本發明之範疇,本發明之範疇由隨附申請專利範圍之全部範圍及其任何及所有等效物給出。
異氰酸酯官能性預聚物係如下文所描述由以下成分製備:
將總計1000公克異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯置放於裝備有攪拌器、溫度探針、冷凝器及氮氣入口管且覆蓋有氮氣之合適的反應容器中。將燒瓶之內容物加熱至40℃,且接著經70分鐘添加2217公克JEFFAMINE D2000,在此期間溫度升高至約56℃。在完成饋入之後,添加0.65公克二月桂酸二丁錫且將該混合物加熱至70℃。將該混合物保持在70℃持續2.5小時,在此期間該異氰酸酯當量達到每當量約500公克。如藉由ASTM D2572「胺基甲酸酯材料或預聚物中之異氰酸酯基之標準測試方法(Standard Test Method for Isocyanate Groups in Urethane Materials or Prepolymers)」所量測,最終材料之所量測的異氰酸酯當量為505.8,且如藉由凝膠滲透層析法相對於聚苯乙烯標準品所量測,其重量平均分子量(Mw)為約5300。
異氰酸酯官能性預聚物係如下文所描述由以下成分製備:
將總計450公克異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯置放於裝備有攪拌器、溫度探針、冷凝器及氮氣入口管且覆蓋有氮氣之合適的反應容器中。在室溫(23℃)下經25分鐘添加1668公克JEFFAMINE D2000,在此期間溫度升高至約62℃。在完成饋入之後,添加0.43公克二月桂酸二丁錫且將該混合物保持30分鐘,之後將該混合物加熱至70℃。將該混合物保持在70℃持續1小時,在此期間該異氰酸酯當量達到每當量約1000公克。如藉由ASTM D2572「胺基甲酸酯材料或預聚物中之異氰酸酯基之標準測試方法」所量測,最終材料之所量測的異氰酸酯當量為1025,且如藉由凝膠滲透層析法相對於聚苯乙烯標準品所量測,其重量平均分子量(Mw)為約6800。
將總計850公克異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯置放於裝備有攪拌器、溫度探針、冷凝器及氮氣入口管且覆蓋有氮氣之合適的反應容器中。在室溫(22℃)下經70分鐘添加2346公克JEFFAMINE D2000,在此期間溫度升高至約57℃。在完成饋入之後,添加0.64公克二月桂酸二丁錫且將該混合物保
持15分鐘,之後將該混合物加熱至70℃。將該混合物保持在此溫度下持續1.25小時,在此期間該異氰酸酯當量達到每當量約650公克。如藉由ASTM D2572「胺基甲酸酯材料或預聚物中之異氰酸酯基之標準測試方法」所量測,最終材料之所量測的異氰酸酯當量為653,且如藉由凝膠滲透層析法相對於聚苯乙烯標準品所量測,其重量平均分子量(Mw)為約5300。
異氰酸酯官能性預聚物係如下文所描述由以下成分製備:
將總計760公克異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯置放於裝備有攪拌器、溫度探針、冷凝器及氮氣入口管且覆蓋有氮氣之合適的反應容器中。在室溫(22℃)下經70分鐘添加1356公克JEFFAMINE D2000,在此期間溫度升高至約56℃。在完成饋入之後,添加0.42公克二月桂酸二丁錫且將該混合物保持15分鐘,之後將該混合物加熱至70℃。將該混合物保持在此溫度下持續2小時,在此期間該異氰酸酯當量達到每當量約404公克。如藉由ASTM D2572「胺基甲酸酯材料或預聚物中之異氰酸酯基之標準測試方法」所量測,最終材料之所量測的異氰酸酯當量為403,且如藉由凝膠滲透層析法相對於聚苯乙烯標準品所量測,其重量平均分子量(Mw)為約4600。
異氰酸酯官能性預聚物係如下文所描述由以下成分製備:
將總計575公克異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯置放於裝備有攪拌器、溫度探針、冷凝器及氮氣入口管且覆蓋有氮氣之合適的反應容器中。在室溫(22℃)下經60分鐘添加1935.2公克JEFFAMINE D2000,在此期間溫度升高至約57℃。在完成饋入之後,添加0.51公克二月桂酸二丁錫且將該混合物保持15分鐘,之後將該混合物加熱至70℃。將該混合物保持在此溫度下持續1.5小時,在此期間該異氰酸酯當量達到每當量約865公克。隨後添加215.7g Desmodur XP2580及182.7g Tolonate HDT LV2且混合該材料。
在1小時之後,如藉由ASTM D2572「胺基甲酸酯材料或預聚物中之異氰酸酯基之標準測試方法」所量測,最終材料之所量測的異氰酸酯當量為599,且如藉由凝膠滲透層析法相對於聚苯乙烯標準品所量測,該聚合物之重量平均分子量(Mw)為約5400。
異氰酸酯官能性預聚物係如下文所描述由以下成分製備:
將總計355公克異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯置放於裝備有攪拌器、溫度探針、冷凝器及氮氣入口管且覆蓋有氮氣之合適的反應容器中。在室溫(21℃)下經30分鐘添加598.4公克Arcol Polyol PPG 725且未觀察到溫度升高。在完成饋入之後,添加0.062公克二月桂酸二丁錫且將該混合物保持10分鐘,之後將該混合物緩慢地加熱至80℃。溫度升高至100℃且將該混合物保持在此溫度下持續2小時,在此期間該異氰酸酯當量達到每當量約585公克。溫度降低至80℃,且添加353.0g Desmodur XP2580及1059.3g Tolonate HDT LV2,且溫度進一步降低至60℃。在1小時之後,該材料之所量測的異氰酸酯當量為每當量約259公克。隨後,添加780.7公克甲基戊基酮,且如藉由ASTM D2572「胺基甲酸酯材料或預聚物中之異氰酸酯基之標準測試方法」所量測,最終混合物之異氰酸酯當量為每當量約341公克,且如藉由凝膠滲透層析法相對於聚苯乙烯標準品所量測,該聚合物之重量平均分子量(Mw)為約1400。
實例1及5為具有相同組合物(不同批次)之對照實例且不含有如用於本發明之組合物中之研磨劑組分。實例2至4、6及7為比較實例;其含有如用於本發明之組合物中之研磨劑組分中之有機或無機粒子。實例8至20展現根據本發明製備之組合物。可固化組合物係由以下成分製備:
1說明於所指示實例中。
2可購自Vencorex
3可購自INVISTA
4可購自Huntsman Corp.
5可購自Dorf Ketal
6可購自Covestro LLC
7可購自Evonik
8可購自DuPont
9可購自Elementis Specialties.
10可購自Micro Abrasives Corporation;Microgrit WCA 3為體積平均粒度為3μm之氧化鋁粉末;Microgrit WA 360TO為體積平均粒度為36μm之氧化鋁粉末;Microgrit WA 180TO為體積平均粒度為90μm之氧化鋁粉末。
11體積平均粒度為5.0至7.5μm之聚乙烯與聚丙烯的粒狀共聚物,可購自Baker Hughes
「A」側:使用總計100公克異氰酸酯官能性預聚物。在一些情況下,混合一或多種預聚物以獲得所需性質。將該內容物在塗覆之前保持在60℃以便實現噴霧黏度。
「B」側:胺組分係由在以上實例中所列之成分製備。在實例1中,將所有成分與zircoa珠粒混合在一起且在LAU混合器中研磨3小時。在實例2-20中,預糊狀物使用呈所需比率之JEFFAMINE T5000與TiO2混合且使用zircoa珠粒在LAU中研磨3小時。該糊狀物經過濾且用於引入所需含量之TiO2與JEFFAMINE T5000含量及其餘的樹脂組分。接著添加氧化鋁及/或PETROLITE 5000 T6粒子且使用Cowles葉片混合。
本發明之聚脲塗層組合物係藉由用以下方式組合異氰酸酯官能性「A」側組分及胺官能性「B」側組分來製備:聚脲塗層組合物之游離膜藉由以下方式製備:在裝備有靜態混合管及氣動塗覆噴槍之雙筒注射器(可購自Plas-Pak Industries)中裝入A及B
側,且以1:1比率將該等組分注射至聚乙烯板上,且接著立即用Gardco可調微米級塗膜器以約60-80密耳施塗。在測試膜性質(楊氏模數(Young's Modulus)、伸長度及玻璃轉移溫度)之前,將該等膜在104℉下靜置1天。
在室溫(23℃)下使用INSTRON 4443以50微米/分鐘之拉動速率量測模數及伸長度性質。使用TA Instruments 2980 DMA動態機械分析儀量測玻璃轉移溫度。DMA測試參數包括拉伸膜模式、20μm振幅、1Hz頻率、40cNm夾持力及3℃/分鐘加熱速率。
硬度值藉由以下方式測定:在裝備有靜態混合管及氣動塗覆噴槍之雙筒注射器中裝入A及B側,且以1:1比率將該等組分注射入模具中,以形成直徑為約6cm且厚度為0.2cm之圓形「圓盤」。在104℉下靜置1天之後測試該圓盤。在周圍條件下用肖氏D(Shore D)硬度計(Pacific Transducer Corp.型號212)量測該聚脲圓盤之硬度。
TABER磨耗測試:藉由刮塗法將塗層塗覆至塗有底漆的嵌板上且切割成4"×4"片且在中心穿孔。接著稱重該等嵌板且安裝在以固定速度繞垂直軸旋轉之平整的轉盤平台(Taber旋轉平台磨耗測試器)上。將覆蓋有砂紙(來自Taber Industries之S-42)且在兩個1000公克砝碼之特定壓力下塗覆的兩個Taber磨輪降低至試樣表面上。當轉盤旋轉時,樣品在相對方向上繞水平軸驅動該等輪。在各樣品上進行兩次500循環運作(72rpm)且在各組500循環之後記錄質量。體積損失(以cc為單位)使用塗層之質量損失及
密度計算且如下表中所示繪製以用於比較。
如表1中所見,對於0-90微米,隨粒度增加,因磨耗所致之體積損失降低。然而,塗覆過程限制可使用的粒子的尺寸,因為更大尺寸可導致噴槍噴嘴堵塞。因此,如下表中顯示,為了更進一步提高耐磨性,使用無機與有機粒子之組合。
如上表2中可見,隨著氧化鋁濃度增加,總體趨勢為耐磨性提高。濃度限制亦依賴於塗覆過程,其中高於40%會引起噴槍堵塞。亦觀察到即使當有機粒子不與無機粒子組合使用時,亦即在0%無機粒子時0-10%有機
粒子,有機粒子亦提高耐磨性。然而,瞭解到兩種粒子之組合顯著地使耐磨性發生極其顯著的提高,亦即低至0.034cc損失。應再次注意該過程限制該等無機粒子/有機粒子組合濃度水準。
牽引力測試:使用Dynisco聚合物測試摩擦係數測試器來拉動樣品越過所關注之表面。在所有實例中將成品木板負載至平台上作為所關注之表面。將經塗佈之聚脲牽引板附接至量測頭,且將樣品置放成聚脲面向下以接觸木地板。將一個300公克砝碼置放於該樣品頂部上。當沿該板表面拉動樣品時,操作該單元且藉由所附接電腦記錄量測結果,得到動態摩擦係數。
將去離子水塗覆在該板之表面上且重複量測以在濕潤表面上測定動態摩擦係數。藉由JMP軟體分析資料且在下圖中繪製以給出比較。使由不同聚脲塗層產生之數值與由以相似方式測試以充當對照之相同面積的橡膠片產生之數值相比。
如表3中所見,由聚脲產生之動態摩擦係數數值略微地好於對照。接著用去離子水潤濕該表面,且以相似方式操作相同樣品以產生如下表4中所示之濕潤DCOF數值。
觀察到濕潤木製表面上之DCOF數值低於乾燥表面上之DCOF數值。然而,聚脲樣品之DCOF數值與橡膠對照之DCOF數值相比係可比較的或略微較好。
黏著力測試:基材使用庚烷清潔且經電漿處理以移除污染物。可購自PPG industries之OneChoice助黏劑如其技術資料表中所述使用,以提高在塑膠基材上之黏著力。觀察到實例20可用作基材與固化聚脲膜之間的連接層以給予塑膠高度提高的黏著力。
Claims (21)
- 一種可應用於基材作為塗層之可固化成膜組合物,該可固化成膜組合物包含:(a)重量平均分子量為4000至15,000之異氰酸酯官能性預聚物,其中該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物包含(i)聚異氰酸酯與具有一級及/或二級胺基之多元胺的反應產物;及/或(ii)聚異氰酸酯與多元醇的反應產物;(b)包含多元胺之混合物之固化劑,其中該固化劑中之至少一種多元胺之胺當量為125至250;及(c)包含有機及無機粒子之耐磨添加劑,其中該等有機粒子展現至少5微米之體積平均粒度,且該等無機粒子展現至少90微米之體積平均粒度;其中該可固化成膜組合物作為塗層應用於基材。
- 如請求項1之可固化成膜組合物,其中用於製備該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之該聚異氰酸酯為脂族聚異氰酸酯,及其中該基材包含鞋類部件且該可固化成膜組合物在該鞋類部件上形成塗層。
- 如請求項1之可固化成膜組合物,其中異氰酸酯官能性預聚物之異氰酸酯當量大於300。
- 如請求項1之可固化成膜組合物,其中該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物包含聚異氰酸酯與具有一級胺基之聚醚的反應產物。
- 如請求項1之可固化成膜組合物,其中該固化劑包含5至50重量%之胺當量為125至250之脂族多元胺及50至95重量%之胺當量為900至2500之脂族多元胺。
- 如請求項1之可固化成膜組合物,其中該耐磨添加劑之有機及無機粒子包含化學上惰性的、未經處理且未經塗佈之粒子,及其中該基材為中底鞋類部件且該可固化成膜組合物在該中底鞋類部件上形成外底。
- 如請求項1之可固化成膜組合物,其中以該組合物中之固體之總重量計,該耐磨添加劑以至少10重量%之量存在於該組合物中。
- 如請求項1之可固化成膜組合物,其中該等無機粒子包含未經處理之氧化鋁,且該等有機粒子包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯及/或平均碳鏈長度為C20至C50之飽和直鏈一級醇。
- 如請求項8之可固化成膜組合物,其中該耐磨添加劑之有機粒子展現5至7.5微米之體積平均粒度。
- 一種經塗佈之基材,其包含:A)具有至少一個可塗佈表面之基材,及B)由塗覆至該基材之至少一個表面且固化於其上之成膜組合物形成的塗層,其中該成膜組合物係由如請求項1之可固化組合物製備。
- 如請求項10之經塗佈之基材,其中該基材包含木材、金屬、玻璃、織物、皮革、複合材料或聚合材料。
- 如請求項11之經塗佈之基材,其中該基材包含鄰近由該可固化組合物形成之塗層的經電漿處理之表面。
- 如請求項11之經塗佈之基材,其進一步包含安置於該基材(A)與該塗層(B)之間的黏著層,其中該黏著層包含助黏劑。
- 一種鞋類部件,其中該部件係由可固化組合物製備,該可固化組合物包含:(a)重量平均分子量為4000至15,000之異氰酸酯官能性預聚物,其中該異氰酸酯官能性預聚物包含(i)聚異氰酸酯與具有一級及/或二級胺基之多元胺的反應產物;及/或(ii)聚異氰酸酯與多元醇的反應產物;(b)包含多元胺之混合物之固化劑,其中該固化劑中之至少一種多元胺之胺當量為125至250;及(c)包含有機及無機粒子之耐磨添加劑,其中該等有機粒子展現至少5微米之體積平均粒度,且該等無機粒子展現至少90微米之體積平均粒度。
- 如請求項14之鞋類部件,其中以該組合物中之固體之總重量計,該耐磨添加劑以至少10重量%之量存在於該組合物中。
- 如請求項14之鞋類部件,其中該等無機粒子包含未經處理之氧化鋁,且該等有機粒子包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯及/或平均碳鏈長度為C20至C50之飽和直鏈一級醇。
- 如請求項16之鞋類部件,其中該耐磨添加劑之有機粒子展現5至7.5微米之體積平均粒度。
- 如請求項14之鞋類部件,其中該鞋類部件展現乾膜厚度為508至25400微米,且該耐磨添加劑中之有機與無機粒子之重量比小於10:40。
- 如請求項14之鞋類部件,其中該鞋類部件展現乾膜厚度為25.4至254微米,且該耐磨添加劑中之有機與無機粒子之重量比為至少40:10。
- 如請求項14之鞋類部件,其中該可固化組合物進一步包含助黏劑。
- 一種鞋類,其包含如請求項14之鞋類部件。
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US6179887B1 (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2001-01-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making an abrasive article and abrasive articles thereof |
US8691929B2 (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2014-04-08 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Curable compositions that form a polyurea demonstrating elongation properties over a large temperature range |
TW201615906A (zh) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-05-01 | 北面服飾公司 | 經矽藻土粒子處理之纖維及其他構築體 |
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US10240064B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 |
US20180127617A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
WO2018089603A2 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
WO2018089603A3 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
TW201825015A (zh) | 2018-07-16 |
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