TWI642262B - Power supply - Google Patents
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Abstract
電源供應器包含整流電路、電源轉換電路以及緩衝電路。整流電路用以將交流輸入電壓轉換為第一直流電壓。電源轉換電路於節點電性耦接於整流電路。電源轉換電路包含開關元件,並透過選擇性地導通或關斷開關元件以將第一直流電壓轉換為第二直流電壓。緩衝電路於節點電性耦接於整流電路與電源轉換電路。當第一直流電壓大於限制準位時,緩衝電路用以吸收電力以避免開關元件兩端的跨壓大於安全上限。The power supply includes a rectifier circuit, a power conversion circuit, and a buffer circuit. The rectifier circuit is configured to convert the AC input voltage into a first DC voltage. The power conversion circuit is electrically coupled to the rectifier circuit at the node. The power conversion circuit includes a switching element and converts the first DC voltage to a second DC voltage by selectively turning the switching element on or off. The buffer circuit is electrically coupled to the rectifier circuit and the power conversion circuit at the node. When the first DC voltage is greater than the limit level, the snubber circuit is used to absorb power to prevent the voltage across the switching element from exceeding the safety upper limit.
Description
本案係關於一種電源供應器,且特別係關於一種具備雷擊浪湧防護能力的電源供應器。This case relates to a power supply, and in particular to a power supply with lightning surge protection capability.
近來,許多電子產品與驅動電路採用交換式電源進行供電。當系統受到雷擊時,系統中容易產生瞬間高壓的浪湧電壓,進而影響交換式電源供應器的操作。Recently, many electronic products and drive circuits are powered by a switched power supply. When the system is struck by lightning, the instantaneous high voltage surge voltage is easily generated in the system, which in turn affects the operation of the switching power supply.
由於防雷擊浪湧能力與電子設備的可靠性密切相關,如何改善電源供應器的防雷擊浪湧能力,以提高供電穩定度並同時提供良好的電力品質,實為當前相關技術領域重要的研究課題。Since the lightning surge capability is closely related to the reliability of electronic equipment, how to improve the lightning surge resistance of the power supply to improve the power supply stability and provide good power quality is an important issue in the current related technical field. Research topics.
本案的一態樣為一種電源供應器。電源供應器包含整流電路、電源轉換電路以及緩衝電路。整流電路用以將交流輸入電壓轉換為第一直流電壓。電源轉換電路於節點電性耦接於整流電路。電源轉換電路包含開關元件,並透過選擇性地導通或關斷開關元件以將第一直流電壓轉換為第二直流電壓。緩衝電路於節點電性耦接於整流電路與電源轉換電路。當第一直流電壓大於限制準位時,緩衝電路用以吸收電力以避免開關元件兩端的跨壓大於安全上限。One aspect of the case is a power supply. The power supply includes a rectifier circuit, a power conversion circuit, and a buffer circuit. The rectifier circuit is configured to convert the AC input voltage into a first DC voltage. The power conversion circuit is electrically coupled to the rectifier circuit at the node. The power conversion circuit includes a switching element and converts the first DC voltage to a second DC voltage by selectively turning the switching element on or off. The buffer circuit is electrically coupled to the rectifier circuit and the power conversion circuit at the node. When the first DC voltage is greater than the limit level, the snubber circuit is used to absorb power to prevent the voltage across the switching element from exceeding the safety upper limit.
在本案部分實施例中,緩衝電路包含瞬態電壓抑制器以及第一二極體,其中第一二極體反向串聯於瞬態電壓抑制器,當第一直流電壓大於限制準位時,瞬態電壓抑制器相應導通並箝位兩端的跨壓,第一二極體順向導通。In some embodiments of the present invention, the buffer circuit includes a transient voltage suppressor and a first diode, wherein the first diode is reversely connected in series to the transient voltage suppressor, and when the first DC voltage is greater than the limit level, the instantaneous The state voltage suppressor is turned on and clamped across the voltage across the two ends, and the first diode is turned on.
在本案部分實施例中,瞬態電壓抑制器的陽極端電性耦接於第一二極體的陽極端,瞬態電壓抑制器的陰極端電性耦接於節點。In some embodiments of the present invention, the anode end of the transient voltage suppressor is electrically coupled to the anode end of the first diode, and the cathode end of the transient voltage suppressor is electrically coupled to the node.
在本案部分實施例中,緩衝電路更包含儲能單元。儲能單元電性耦接於第一二極體的陰極端,用以於第一直流電壓大於限制準位時自節點透過導通的瞬態電壓抑制器與第一二極體吸收電力。In some embodiments of the present invention, the buffer circuit further includes an energy storage unit. The energy storage unit is electrically coupled to the cathode end of the first diode to absorb power from the transient voltage suppressor and the first diode that are transmitted from the node when the first DC voltage is greater than the limit level.
在本案部分實施例中,儲能單元包含電容單元以及電阻單元。電容單元電性耦接於第一二極體的陰極端與接地端之間,用以吸收電力。電阻單元以並聯形式電性耦接於電容單元,用以與該電容單元形成放電路徑消耗電力。In some embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage unit includes a capacitor unit and a resistor unit. The capacitor unit is electrically coupled between the cathode end of the first diode and the ground to absorb power. The resistor unit is electrically coupled to the capacitor unit in parallel to form a discharge path with the capacitor unit to consume power.
在本案部分實施例中,電阻單元包含複數個電阻器,該些電阻器彼此電性耦接。In some embodiments of the present invention, the resistor unit includes a plurality of resistors electrically coupled to each other.
在本案部分實施例中,電源轉換電路包含反馳式電源轉換器,該反馳式電源轉換器用以將該第一直流電壓轉換為該第二直流電壓。In some embodiments of the present invention, the power conversion circuit includes a flyback power converter for converting the first DC voltage to the second DC voltage.
在本案部分實施例中,電源供應器更包含箝位電路。鉗位電路電性耦接於整流電路,用以於浪湧電壓產生時將交流輸入電壓箝位於箝位電壓。In some embodiments of the present invention, the power supply further includes a clamp circuit. The clamp circuit is electrically coupled to the rectifier circuit for clamping the AC input voltage to the clamp voltage when the surge voltage is generated.
在本案部分實施例中,箝位電路包含壓敏電阻。當浪湧電壓產生時,放電電流流經壓敏電阻,以將交流輸入電壓箝位於箝位電壓。In some embodiments of the present invention, the clamp circuit includes a varistor. When a surge voltage is generated, a discharge current flows through the varistor to clamp the AC input voltage to the clamp voltage.
本案的另一態樣為一種電源供應器。電源供應器包含整流電路、電源轉換電路、瞬態電壓抑制器、第一二極體、電容單元以及電阻單元。整流電路用以將交流輸入電壓轉換為第一直流電壓。電源轉換電路於節點電性耦接於整流電路,用以將第一直流電壓轉換為第二直流電壓。瞬態電壓抑制器的陰極端電性耦接於節點。第一二極體的陽極端電性耦接於瞬態電壓抑制器的陽極端。電容單元電性耦接於第一二極體的陰極端與接地端之間。電阻單元以並聯形式電性耦接於電容單元。Another aspect of the present case is a power supply. The power supply includes a rectifier circuit, a power conversion circuit, a transient voltage suppressor, a first diode, a capacitor unit, and a resistor unit. The rectifier circuit is configured to convert the AC input voltage into a first DC voltage. The power conversion circuit is electrically coupled to the rectifier circuit at the node for converting the first DC voltage to the second DC voltage. The cathode end of the transient voltage suppressor is electrically coupled to the node. The anode end of the first diode is electrically coupled to the anode terminal of the transient voltage suppressor. The capacitor unit is electrically coupled between the cathode end of the first diode and the ground. The resistor unit is electrically coupled to the capacitor unit in parallel.
在本案部分實施例中,當第一直流電壓大於限制準位時,第一二極體順向導通,瞬態電壓抑制器相應導通並箝位兩端的跨壓。In some embodiments of the present invention, when the first DC voltage is greater than the limit level, the first diode is turned on, and the transient voltage suppressor is turned on correspondingly and clamps the voltage across the ends.
在本案部分實施例中,當第一直流電壓大於限制準位時,電容單元用以透過導通的瞬態電壓抑制器與第一二極體吸收電力。In some embodiments of the present invention, when the first DC voltage is greater than the limit level, the capacitor unit is configured to transmit power to the first diode through the turned-on transient voltage suppressor.
在本案部分實施例中,電阻單元用以與電容單元形成放電路徑,以消耗電容單元所吸收的電力。In some embodiments of the present invention, the resistor unit is configured to form a discharge path with the capacitor unit to consume power absorbed by the capacitor unit.
在本案部分實施例中,電源供應器更包含箝位電路。鉗位電路電性耦接於整流電路,用以於浪湧電壓產生時將該交流輸入電壓箝位於箝位電壓。In some embodiments of the present invention, the power supply further includes a clamp circuit. The clamp circuit is electrically coupled to the rectifier circuit for clamping the AC input voltage to the clamp voltage when the surge voltage is generated.
在本案部分實施例中,箝位電路包含壓敏電阻。當浪湧電壓產生時,放電電流流經壓敏電阻,以將交流輸入電壓箝位於箝位電壓。In some embodiments of the present invention, the clamp circuit includes a varistor. When a surge voltage is generated, a discharge current flows through the varistor to clamp the AC input voltage to the clamp voltage.
綜上所述,本案透過於整流電路之後設置緩衝電路,可確保電源供應器在正常操作下維持高功因與低諧波成分,並在雷擊或其他浪湧電壓產生的時候,由緩衝電路吸收多餘電力,避免能量灌入電源轉換電路造成電路操作異常或是元件損壞。In summary, the case provides a buffer circuit after the rectifier circuit to ensure that the power supply maintains high power and low harmonic components under normal operation, and is absorbed by the buffer circuit when lightning or other surge voltage is generated. Excessive power, avoiding energy being injected into the power conversion circuit, causing abnormal circuit operation or component damage.
下文係舉實施例配合所附圖式作詳細說明,以更好地理解本案的態樣,但所提供之實施例並非用以限制本揭露所涵蓋的範圍,而結構操作之描述非用以限制其執行之順序,任何由元件重新組合之結構,所產生具有均等功效的裝置,皆為本揭露所涵蓋的範圍。此外,根據業界的標準及慣常做法,圖式僅以輔助說明為目的,並未依照原尺寸作圖,實際上各種特徵的尺寸可任意地增加或減少以便於說明。下述說明中相同元件將以相同之符號標示來進行說明以便於理解。The embodiments are described in detail below to better understand the aspects of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure, and the description of the structural operation is not limited. The order in which they are performed, any device that is recombined by components, produces equal devices, and is covered by this disclosure. In addition, according to industry standards and practices, the drawings are only for the purpose of assisting the description, and are not drawn according to the original size. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or decreased for convenience of explanation. In the following description, the same elements will be denoted by the same reference numerals for explanation.
在全篇說明書與申請專利範圍所使用之用詞(terms),除有特別註明外,通常具有每個用詞使用在此領域中、在此揭露之內容中與特殊內容中的平常意義。某些用以描述本揭露之用詞將於下或在此說明書的別處討論,以提供本領域技術人員在有關本揭露之描述上額外的引導。The terms used in the entire specification and the scope of the patent application, unless otherwise specified, generally have the ordinary meaning of each term used in the field, the content disclosed herein, and the particular content. Certain terms used to describe the disclosure are discussed below or elsewhere in this specification to provide additional guidance to those skilled in the art in the description of the disclosure.
此外,在本文中所使用的用詞『包含』、『包括』、『具有』、『含有』等等,均為開放性的用語,即意指『包含但不限於』。此外,本文中所使用之『及/或』,包含相關列舉項目中一或多個項目的任意一個以及其所有組合。In addition, the terms "including", "including", "having", "containing", and the like, as used herein, are all open terms, meaning "including but not limited to". Further, "and/or" as used herein includes any one or combination of one or more of the associated listed items.
於本文中,當一元件被稱為『連接』或『耦接』時,可指『電性連接』或『電性耦接』。『連接』或『耦接』亦可用以表示二或多個元件間相互搭配操作或互動。此外,雖然本文中使用『第一』、『第二』、…等用語描述不同元件,該用語僅是用以區別以相同技術用語描述的元件或操作。除非上下文清楚指明,否則該用語並非特別指稱或暗示次序或順位,亦非用以限定本發明。As used herein, when an element is referred to as "connected" or "coupled", it may mean "electrically connected" or "electrically coupled". "Connected" or "coupled" can also be used to indicate that two or more components operate or interact with each other. In addition, although the terms "first", "second", and the like are used herein to describe different elements, the terms are used only to distinguish the elements or operations described in the same technical terms. The use of the term is not intended to be a limitation or a
請參考第1圖。第1圖為根據本案部分實施例所繪示的電源供應器100的示意圖。舉例來說,在部分實施例中,電源供應器100可提供發光二極體驅動電路(LED Driver)所需要的電力供應。如第1圖所示,在部分實施例中,電源供應器100包含整流電路120、緩衝電路140以及電源轉換電路160。在結構上,電源轉換電路160於節點N1電性耦接於整流電路120的輸出端。緩衝電路140亦於節點N1電性耦接於整流電路120與電源轉換電路160。Please refer to Figure 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the power supply 100 can provide the power supply required by the LED driver. As shown in FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the power supply 100 includes a rectifier circuit 120, a buffer circuit 140, and a power conversion circuit 160. The power conversion circuit 160 is electrically coupled to the output of the rectifier circuit 120 at the node N1. The buffer circuit 140 is also electrically coupled to the rectifier circuit 120 and the power conversion circuit 160 at the node N1.
如第1圖所示,整流電路120用以將交流輸入電壓Vac轉換為直流電壓Vin。舉例來說,在部分實施例中,整流電路120可為橋式整流電路,包含二極體D1、D2、D3、D4所組成的橋式電路以及濾波電容Cin。具體來說,二極體D1的陽極端電性耦接於交流輸入電壓Vac的第一輸入端,二極體D1的陰極端電性耦接於濾波電容Cin的第一端。二極體D2的陽極端電性耦接於濾波電容Cin的第二端,二極體D2的陰極端電性耦接於二極體D1的陽極端。二極體D3的陽極端電性耦接於交流輸入電壓Vac的第二輸入端,二極體D3的陰極端電性耦接於濾波電容Cin的第一端。二極體D4的陽極端電性耦接於濾波電容Cin的第二端,二極體D4的陰極端電性耦接於二極體D3的陽極端。As shown in FIG. 1, the rectifier circuit 120 is for converting the AC input voltage Vac into a DC voltage Vin. For example, in some embodiments, the rectifier circuit 120 can be a bridge rectifier circuit, including a bridge circuit composed of diodes D1, D2, D3, and D4, and a filter capacitor Cin. Specifically, the anode end of the diode D1 is electrically coupled to the first input end of the AC input voltage Vac, and the cathode end of the diode D1 is electrically coupled to the first end of the filter capacitor Cin. The anode end of the diode D2 is electrically coupled to the second end of the filter capacitor Cin, and the cathode end of the diode D2 is electrically coupled to the anode end of the diode D1. The anode end of the diode D3 is electrically coupled to the second input end of the AC input voltage Vac, and the cathode end of the diode D3 is electrically coupled to the first end of the filter capacitor Cin. The anode end of the diode D4 is electrically coupled to the second end of the filter capacitor Cin, and the cathode end of the diode D4 is electrically coupled to the anode end of the diode D3.
藉此,整流電路120便可接收交流輸入電壓Vac,透過二極體D1、D2、D3、D4對交流輸入電壓Vac進行整流,並透過濾波電容Cin對整流後的電壓訊號進行濾波處理,以輸出直流電壓Vin。Thereby, the rectifier circuit 120 can receive the AC input voltage Vac, rectify the AC input voltage Vac through the diodes D1, D2, D3, and D4, and filter the rectified voltage signal through the filter capacitor Cin to output DC voltage Vin.
在部分實施例中,電源轉換電路160用以將直流電壓Vin轉換為直流電壓Vo。舉例來說,電源轉換電路160可包含交換式電源轉換架構,其中包含開關元件S1。電源轉換電路160藉由脈衝寬度調變(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)訊號選擇性地導通或關斷開關元件S1以將直流電壓Vin轉換為直流電壓Vo。藉此,透過適當調整脈衝寬度調變訊號的責任週期,便可調整輸出的直流電壓Vo的電壓準位。在各個實施例中,開關元件S1可由金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor,MOSFET)、雙極性接面電晶體(bipolar junction transistor,BJT)等等各種電晶體開關實現,但本案並不以此為限。In some embodiments, the power conversion circuit 160 is configured to convert the DC voltage Vin into a DC voltage Vo. For example, power conversion circuit 160 can include a switched power conversion architecture including switching element S1. The power conversion circuit 160 selectively turns on or off the switching element S1 by a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal to convert the DC voltage Vin into a DC voltage Vo. Thereby, the voltage level of the output DC voltage Vo can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal. In various embodiments, the switching element S1 can be a variety of transistors such as a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET), a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), and the like. The switch is implemented, but this case is not limited to this.
在第1圖所示實施例中,電源轉換電路160可包含反馳式(Fly-Back)電源轉換器,以將直流電壓Vin轉換為直流電壓Vo。具體來說,電源轉換電路160包含開關元件S1、變壓器T1的原邊繞組Np以及副邊繞組Ns、二極體D5以及輸出電容Co。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the power conversion circuit 160 may include a fly-back power converter to convert the DC voltage Vin into a DC voltage Vo. Specifically, the power conversion circuit 160 includes a switching element S1, a primary winding Np of the transformer T1, a secondary winding Ns, a diode D5, and an output capacitor Co.
在結構上,原邊繞組Np的第一端電性耦接於節點N1。原邊繞組Np的第二端電性耦接於開關元件S1的第一端。開關元件S1的第二端電性耦接於濾波電容Cin的第二端。開關元件S1的控制端用以接收脈衝寬度調變訊號。副邊繞組Ns的第一端電性耦接於二極體D5的陽極端。二極體D5的陰極端電性耦接於輸出電容Co的第一端。副邊繞組Ns的第二端電性耦接於輸出電容Co的第二端。Structurally, the first end of the primary winding Np is electrically coupled to the node N1. The second end of the primary winding Np is electrically coupled to the first end of the switching element S1. The second end of the switching element S1 is electrically coupled to the second end of the filter capacitor Cin. The control terminal of the switching element S1 is configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal. The first end of the secondary winding Ns is electrically coupled to the anode end of the diode D5. The cathode end of the diode D5 is electrically coupled to the first end of the output capacitor Co. The second end of the secondary winding Ns is electrically coupled to the second end of the output capacitor Co.
當開關元件S1導通時,原邊電流流經原邊繞組Np,並將電能儲存於原邊繞組Np上。由於原邊繞組Np和副邊繞組Ns彼此極性相反,此時二極體D5操作在逆向偏壓並未導通,輸出電容Co用以提供後級電路所需的電能輸出。當開關元件S1關斷時,原邊電流降為零,繞組上的極性反轉,使得二極體D5導通,並將儲存在變壓器T1上的能量透過二極體D5輸出至輸出電容Co以及後級電路。When the switching element S1 is turned on, the primary current flows through the primary winding Np, and the electrical energy is stored on the primary winding Np. Since the primary winding Np and the secondary winding Ns are opposite in polarity to each other, the diode D5 operates at the reverse bias and is not turned on, and the output capacitor Co is used to provide the power output required by the subsequent circuit. When the switching element S1 is turned off, the primary current drops to zero, the polarity on the winding is reversed, so that the diode D5 is turned on, and the energy stored in the transformer T1 is output through the diode D5 to the output capacitor Co and thereafter. Stage circuit.
值得注意的是,第1圖中所示的電源轉換電路160僅為示例之用,並非用以限制本案。電源轉換電路160亦可由其他架構的反馳式電源轉換器或各種不同型式的交換式電源轉換器實現。It should be noted that the power conversion circuit 160 shown in FIG. 1 is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the present invention. The power conversion circuit 160 can also be implemented by a flyback power converter of other architectures or a variety of different types of switched power converters.
在電源的開機、異常使用或發生雷擊時,系統中會出現浪湧電流,並將電源電路的正常使用造成極大的影響。舉例來說,發生雷擊時,直流電壓Vin可能會急遽升高,並將雷擊產生的能量灌入電源轉換電路160中,進而導致開關元件S1無法正常操作,導致電源轉換電路160操作異常。嚴重時,甚至可能導致電源轉換電路160中的電子器件毀損。In the event of power-on, abnormal use, or lightning strikes, inrush currents can occur in the system and can have a significant impact on the normal use of the power circuit. For example, when a lightning strike occurs, the DC voltage Vin may rise sharply, and the energy generated by the lightning strike is poured into the power conversion circuit 160, thereby causing the switching element S1 to fail to operate normally, resulting in abnormal operation of the power conversion circuit 160. In severe cases, the electronic components in the power conversion circuit 160 may even be damaged.
為避免上述情況發生,在部分實施例中,當直流電壓Vin大於限制準位時,緩衝電路140用以吸收電力以避免電源轉換電路160中開關元件S1兩端的跨壓大於安全上限而造成開關元件S1損傷。換言之,在正常操作情況下,電流不會流經緩衝電路140。相對地,當浪湧電壓與浪湧電流產生,使得直流電壓Vin大於限制準位時,緩衝電路140會自動形成放電回路,以吸收多餘的電力。藉此,便可降低流入電源轉換電路160的能量,以避免浪湧電壓與浪湧電流對電源轉換電路160或是後級電路造成損害。In order to avoid the above situation, in some embodiments, when the DC voltage Vin is greater than the limit level, the buffer circuit 140 is configured to absorb power to prevent the voltage across the switching element S1 in the power conversion circuit 160 from being greater than the safety upper limit. S1 damage. In other words, current does not flow through the snubber circuit 140 under normal operating conditions. In contrast, when a surge voltage and a surge current are generated such that the DC voltage Vin is greater than the limit level, the buffer circuit 140 automatically forms a discharge loop to absorb excess power. Thereby, the energy flowing into the power conversion circuit 160 can be reduced to prevent the surge voltage and the surge current from damaging the power conversion circuit 160 or the subsequent circuit.
為進一步說明緩衝電路140的操作,請參考第2圖。第2圖為根據本案部分實施例所繪示的電源供應器100的示意圖。於第2圖中,與第1圖之實施例有關的相似元件係以相同的參考標號表示以便於理解,且相似元件之具體原理已於先前段落中詳細說明,若非與第2圖之元件間具有協同運作關係而必要介紹者,於此不再贅述。To further illustrate the operation of the buffer circuit 140, please refer to FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the second embodiment, similar elements related to the embodiment of FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals for ease of understanding, and the specific principles of the similar elements have been described in detail in the previous paragraph, if not between the elements of FIG. Those who have a cooperative operation relationship and need to introduce them will not repeat them here.
如第2圖所示,在部分實施例中,緩衝電路140包含瞬態電壓抑制器(Transient Voltage Suppressor,TVS)ZD1、二極體D6以及儲能單元142。舉例來說,瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1可為單向的TVS二極體。在結構上,瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1的陽極端電性耦接於二極體D6的陽極端。瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1的陰極端電性耦接於節點N1。儲能單元142電性耦接於二極體D6的陰極端與一次側的接地端之間。換言之,二極體D6反向串聯於瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1。As shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the buffer circuit 140 includes a Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) ZD1, a diode D6, and an energy storage unit 142. For example, the transient voltage suppressor ZD1 can be a unidirectional TVS diode. Structurally, the anode terminal of the transient voltage suppressor ZD1 is electrically coupled to the anode terminal of the diode D6. The cathode end of the transient voltage suppressor ZD1 is electrically coupled to the node N1. The energy storage unit 142 is electrically coupled between the cathode end of the diode D6 and the ground end of the primary side. In other words, the diode D6 is reversely connected in series to the transient voltage suppressor ZD1.
當直流電壓Vin大於限制準位時,瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1相應導通並箝位兩端的跨壓,二極體D6順向導通。具體來說,當直流電壓Vin大於限制準位時,瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1兩端的電壓會超過突崩潰準位(Breakdown Voltage)。此時,瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1便會導通並作為箝位器,箝位兩端的跨壓以抑制超過其突崩潰準位的過高電壓。藉此,電流便可經由順向導通的二極體D6流入儲能單元142。When the DC voltage Vin is greater than the limit level, the transient voltage suppressor ZD1 is turned on correspondingly and clamped across the voltage across the two ends, and the diode D6 is turned on. Specifically, when the DC voltage Vin is greater than the limit level, the voltage across the transient voltage suppressor ZD1 may exceed the Breakdown Voltage. At this point, the transient voltage suppressor ZD1 turns on and acts as a clamp, clamping across the voltage across the clamp to suppress excessive voltages above its sudden collapse level. Thereby, the current can flow into the energy storage unit 142 via the forward-conducting diode D6.
如此一來,儲能單元142便可用以於直流電壓Vin大於限制準位時自節點N1透過導通的瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1與二極體D6吸收電力。In this way, the energy storage unit 142 can be used to absorb power from the transient voltage suppressor ZD1 and the diode D6 that are turned on from the node N1 when the DC voltage Vin is greater than the limit level.
此外,由於二極體D6與瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1兩者反向串聯,電源供應器在正常狀態時(也就是直流電壓Vin不大於限制準位時),利用瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1本身的高阻抗特性,緩衝電路140不動作;而當直流電壓Vin大於限制準位,使緩衝電路140作動時,因二極體D6的存在,不會有逆向的漏電流自儲能單元142灌入電源轉換電路160。藉此,便可確保緩衝電路140不會影響整流電路120與電源轉換電路160的操作。如此一來,電源供應器100便可維持原本的高功率因數(Power Factor,PF)以及低諧波失真率(Total Harmonic Distortion,THD)。In addition, since the diode D6 and the transient voltage suppressor ZD1 are connected in reverse series, the power supply is in a normal state (that is, when the DC voltage Vin is not greater than the limit level), and the transient voltage suppressor ZD1 itself is utilized. The high-impedance characteristic, the snubber circuit 140 does not operate; and when the dc voltage Vin is greater than the limit level, when the snubber circuit 140 is activated, there is no reverse leakage current from the energy storage unit 142 due to the presence of the diode D6. Conversion circuit 160. Thereby, it can be ensured that the buffer circuit 140 does not affect the operation of the rectifier circuit 120 and the power conversion circuit 160. In this way, the power supply 100 can maintain the original high power factor (PF) and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).
請參考第3圖。第3圖為根據本案部分實施例所繪示的電源供應器100的示意圖。於第3圖中,與第1圖、第2圖之實施例有關的相似元件係以相同的參考標號表示以便於理解,且相似元件之具體原理已於先前段落中詳細說明,若非與第2圖、第3圖之元件間具有協同運作關係而必要介紹者,於此不再贅述。Please refer to Figure 3. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power supply 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the third embodiment, similar elements to those of the first embodiment and the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals for easy understanding, and the specific principles of the similar elements have been explained in detail in the previous paragraphs, if not the second Those who have a cooperative operation relationship between the components of the figure and the third figure are necessary to introduce them, and will not be described here.
和第2圖所示實施例相比,在部分實施例中,電源供應器100更包含箝位電路180。在結構上,箝位電路180電性耦接於整流電路120。In some embodiments, the power supply 100 further includes a clamp circuit 180, as compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. The clamping circuit 180 is electrically coupled to the rectifier circuit 120 .
具體來說,在第3圖所示實施例中,箝位電路180跨接於交流輸入電壓Vac的兩端,並用以於浪湧電壓產生時將交流輸入電壓Vac箝位於一箝位電壓。舉例來說,箝位電路180可包含壓敏電阻(Varistor)Z1。壓敏電阻Z1的電阻值會隨兩端跨壓而改變。在一般操作電壓下,壓敏電阻Z1具有高阻抗值。另一方面,當浪湧電壓產生時,壓敏電阻Z1的阻抗值降低並導通。藉此,放電電流便可流經壓敏電阻Z1,以將交流輸入電壓Vac箝位於箝位電壓。如此一來,透過箝位電路180與緩衝電路140的協同操作,便可進一步避免過大電壓灌入電源轉換電路160。Specifically, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the clamp circuit 180 is connected across the AC input voltage Vac and is used to clamp the AC input voltage Vac to a clamp voltage when the surge voltage is generated. For example, the clamp circuit 180 can include a varistor Z1. The resistance value of the varistor Z1 changes with the voltage across the ends. The varistor Z1 has a high impedance value at a normal operating voltage. On the other hand, when a surge voltage is generated, the impedance value of the varistor Z1 is lowered and turned on. Thereby, the discharge current can flow through the varistor Z1 to clamp the AC input voltage Vac to the clamp voltage. In this way, by the cooperative operation of the clamp circuit 180 and the buffer circuit 140, excessive voltage can be further prevented from being poured into the power conversion circuit 160.
舉例來說,在部分實施例中,考慮到電源供應器100所需的額定輸入及輸出電壓,壓敏電阻Z1可選用交流電額定電壓350 VAC的壓敏電阻。上述壓敏電阻Z1可提供的最大鉗位電壓約為925V。藉此,當浪湧電壓產生時,電源供應器100便可確保直流電壓Vin的電壓準位不會高於925V。For example, in some embodiments, the varistor Z1 may be selected from a varistor having an AC rated voltage of 350 VAC in consideration of the rated input and output voltages required by the power supply 100. The varistor Z1 described above can provide a maximum clamping voltage of approximately 925V. Thereby, when the surge voltage is generated, the power supply 100 can ensure that the voltage level of the DC voltage Vin is not higher than 925V.
另一方面,瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1可選用突崩潰準位為約400V的TVS二極體。如此一來,儲能單元142兩端最大的跨壓便不會高於約525V。藉此,便可降低儲能單元142中電子器件所需的耐壓值。On the other hand, the transient voltage suppressor ZD1 can select a TVS diode with a collapse level of about 400V. As a result, the maximum cross-over pressure at both ends of the energy storage unit 142 is not higher than about 525V. Thereby, the withstand voltage value required for the electronic device in the energy storage unit 142 can be reduced.
請參考第4圖。第4圖為根據本案部分實施例所繪示的緩衝電路140的示意圖。如第4圖所示,在部分實施例中,緩衝電路140中的儲能單元142包含電容單元C1與電阻單元R1。在結構上,電容單元C1電性耦接於二極體D6的陰極端與接地端之間,用以吸收電力。電阻單元R1以並聯形式電性耦接於電容單元C1,用以與電容單元C1形成放電路徑,以消耗電容單元C1所吸收的電力。Please refer to Figure 4. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a buffer circuit 140 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the energy storage unit 142 in the buffer circuit 140 includes a capacitor unit C1 and a resistor unit R1. Structurally, the capacitor unit C1 is electrically coupled between the cathode end and the ground of the diode D6 for absorbing power. The resistor unit R1 is electrically coupled to the capacitor unit C1 in parallel to form a discharge path with the capacitor unit C1 to consume power absorbed by the capacitor unit C1.
藉此,經過箝位電路180以及瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1箝位後,剩餘的雷擊能量便可由與瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1相互串聯的電容單元C1吸收。換言之,當直流電壓Vin大於限制準位時,電容單元C1透過導通的瞬態電壓抑制器ZD1與二極體D6吸收電力。接著,電容單元C1上所殘餘的電壓可透過電容單元C1與電阻單元R1所形成的RC回路消耗。換言之,電阻單元R1與電容單元C1形成放電路徑,以消耗電容單元C1所吸收的電力,以避免電容單元C1的電壓飽和。如此一來,儲能單元142便可透過彼此並聯的電容單元C1與電阻單元R1消耗殘餘的雷擊能量,達到雷擊防護以及防浪湧電壓、浪湧電流的效果。Thereby, after clamping by the clamp circuit 180 and the transient voltage suppressor ZD1, the remaining lightning strike energy can be absorbed by the capacitor unit C1 connected in series with the transient voltage suppressor ZD1. In other words, when the DC voltage Vin is greater than the limit level, the capacitor unit C1 transmits power through the turned-on transient voltage suppressor ZD1 and the diode D6. Then, the residual voltage on the capacitor unit C1 can be consumed by the RC loop formed by the capacitor unit C1 and the resistor unit R1. In other words, the resistor unit R1 forms a discharge path with the capacitor unit C1 to dissipate the power absorbed by the capacitor unit C1 to avoid voltage saturation of the capacitor unit C1. In this way, the energy storage unit 142 can consume residual lightning energy through the capacitor unit C1 and the resistor unit R1 connected in parallel with each other, thereby achieving lightning strike protection and anti-surge voltage and surge current effects.
值得注意的是,在部分實施例中,電容單元C1與電阻單元R1可分別包含複數個彼此串聯或並聯的電容器與電阻器。請參考第5圖。第5圖為根據本案其他部分實施例所繪示的緩衝電路140的示意圖。如第5圖所示,在部分實施例中電阻單元R1可包含複數個彼此電性耦接的電阻器Ra~Rd。舉例來說,電阻器Rc、Rd可彼此串聯,再與電阻器Ra、Rb以及電容單元C1並聯。It should be noted that in some embodiments, the capacitor unit C1 and the resistor unit R1 may respectively include a plurality of capacitors and resistors connected in series or in parallel with each other. Please refer to Figure 5. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a buffer circuit 140 according to other embodiments of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, in some embodiments, the resistor unit R1 may include a plurality of resistors Ra to Rd electrically coupled to each other. For example, the resistors Rc, Rd may be connected in series with each other and in parallel with the resistors Ra, Rb and the capacitor unit C1.
藉此,儲能單元142便可根據電路布局以及電路設計的實際需求以及成本考量,選用適當的電容器與電阻器實現。換言之,本案各個實施例中所繪示的儲能單元142僅為本案可能的實施方式之一,並非用以限制本案。Thereby, the energy storage unit 142 can be implemented by selecting appropriate capacitors and resistors according to the circuit layout and the actual needs of the circuit design and cost considerations. In other words, the energy storage unit 142 shown in the various embodiments of the present invention is only one of the possible implementation modes of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present case.
綜上所述,本案在各個實施例中透過於整流電路之後設置緩衝電路,可確保電源供應器在正常操作下維持高功因與低諧波成分,並在雷擊或其他浪湧電壓產生的時候,由緩衝電路吸收多餘電力,避免能量灌入電源轉換電路造成電路操作異常或是元件損壞。In summary, in the present embodiment, the buffer circuit is disposed after the rectifier circuit in each embodiment to ensure that the power supply maintains high power and low harmonic components under normal operation, and when lightning or other surge voltage is generated. The snubber circuit absorbs excess power to prevent energy from being injected into the power conversion circuit, causing abnormal operation of the circuit or component damage.
雖然本揭示內容已以實施方式揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本揭示內容,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本揭示內容之精神和範圍內,當可作各種更動與潤飾,因此本揭示內容之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。The present disclosure has been disclosed in the above embodiments, and is not intended to limit the disclosure, and the present disclosure may be variously modified and retouched without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The scope of protection of the content is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application.
100‧‧‧電源供應器100‧‧‧Power supply
120‧‧‧整流電路 120‧‧‧Rectifier circuit
140‧‧‧緩衝電路 140‧‧‧buffer circuit
142‧‧‧儲能單元 142‧‧‧ Energy storage unit
160‧‧‧電源轉換電路 160‧‧‧Power conversion circuit
180‧‧‧箝位電路 180‧‧‧Clamp circuit
T1‧‧‧變壓器 T1‧‧‧ transformer
Np‧‧‧原邊繞組 Np‧‧‧ primary winding
Ns‧‧‧副邊繞組 Ns‧‧‧ secondary winding
S1‧‧‧開關元件 S1‧‧‧ switching components
D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6‧‧‧二極體 D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6‧‧‧ diodes
Cin‧‧‧濾波電容 Cin‧‧‧Filter Capacitor
Co‧‧‧輸出電容 Co‧‧‧ output capacitor
N1‧‧‧節點 N1‧‧‧ node
ZD1‧‧‧瞬態電壓抑制器 ZD1‧‧‧Transient Voltage Suppressor
Z1‧‧‧壓敏電阻 Z1‧‧‧ varistor
C1‧‧‧電容單元 C1‧‧‧Capacitor unit
R1‧‧‧電阻單元 R1‧‧‧resistance unit
Ra~Rd‧‧‧電阻器 Ra~Rd‧‧‧Resistors
Vac‧‧‧交流輸入電壓 Vac‧‧‧AC input voltage
Vin、Vo‧‧‧直流電壓 Vin, Vo‧‧‧ DC voltage
第1圖為根據本案部分實施例所繪示的電源供應器的示意圖。 第2圖為根據本案部分實施例所繪示的電源供應器的示意圖。 第3圖為根據本案部分實施例所繪示的電源供應器的示意圖。 第4圖為根據本案部分實施例所繪示的緩衝電路的示意圖。 第5圖為根據本案其他部分實施例所繪示的緩衝電路的示意圖。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power supply according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a buffer circuit according to some embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a buffer circuit according to other embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (14)
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TW106123773A TWI642262B (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2017-07-17 | Power supply |
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TW106123773A TWI642262B (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2017-07-17 | Power supply |
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TWI642262B true TWI642262B (en) | 2018-11-21 |
TW201909527A TW201909527A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
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TW106123773A TWI642262B (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2017-07-17 | Power supply |
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Families Citing this family (2)
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TWI698075B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-07-01 | 宏碁股份有限公司 | Power supply device |
TWI800952B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2023-05-01 | 宏碁股份有限公司 | Power supply device for increasing output stability |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6577485B2 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-06-10 | Square D Company | Ultra-wide input range power supply for circuit protection devices |
US20060139832A1 (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-06-29 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Common mode surge protection filter |
CN201717794U (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2011-01-19 | 汤征宁 | Capacitor voltage reducing circuit using impedance input filter |
US20110164339A1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-07 | Nxp B.V. | Surge protection circuit |
US8027138B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2011-09-27 | Broadcom Corporation | Capacitor sharing surge protection circuit |
TW201351865A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-16 | Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd | Voltage conversion circuit |
-
2017
- 2017-07-17 TW TW106123773A patent/TWI642262B/en active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6577485B2 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-06-10 | Square D Company | Ultra-wide input range power supply for circuit protection devices |
US20060139832A1 (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-06-29 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Common mode surge protection filter |
US8027138B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2011-09-27 | Broadcom Corporation | Capacitor sharing surge protection circuit |
US20110164339A1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-07 | Nxp B.V. | Surge protection circuit |
CN201717794U (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2011-01-19 | 汤征宁 | Capacitor voltage reducing circuit using impedance input filter |
TW201351865A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-16 | Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd | Voltage conversion circuit |
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TW201909527A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
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