TWI636405B - System for green building efficiency simulation and analysis using neural network learning and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning to reduce the difference between the simulated performance value and the measured value of the actual environmental performance. Since neural network learning can obtain predictive ability through learning and training, its predicted value is closer to the measured performance than the "simulated value". Therefore, the present invention replaces the "simulated value" with a "predicted value" to enhance the predictive validity of the green building performance simulation analysis system.

Description

Green building efficiency simulation analysis system using neural network learning And its method of operation

The invention relates to a green building simulation analysis system and an operation method thereof, in particular to a green building simulation analysis system and a operation method thereof using a supervised neural network learning and guiding the design end to the operation end to improve the predictive validity.

The purpose of the building simulation is to analyze the architectural design or information provided, and to further modify the design or project through the results of the building simulation. Therefore, the building front-end operation process will be continuously circulated through information collection, simulation and analysis. After that, the collegiate result is obtained to be able to carry out subsequent related operations.

In the prior art, the information collection part will be different depending on the plan or design purpose, and the building simulation part is based on Building Information Model (BIM), which will construct information and parameters. The time and other data are included in the 3D model components. Compared with the previous plane-based Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD), the differences include (1) changing from the planar 2D linear thinking mode to the 3D stereoscopic Visual simulation to 4D time management, (2) from drawing operations to digital information management, and (3) from static single operations to dynamic linking. The analysis part is based on building performance analysis (Building Performance analysis (BPA) is based on computer software to predict building performance, and output, visualized simulation images, data, statistical analysis charts and forms, providing visual and visual analysis of building performance to assist users. Understand the operation of the performance of its design and use it as a design decision or as a basis for continuous optimization of the design.

However, in recent years, under the climatic environment and the global energy crisis, a green building information model has been derived, emphasizing the design of the building information model (BIM) as a tool to analyze the building performance in response to geochemical climatic conditions. (BPA), and pay attention to the combination of BIM and BPA software technology, to carry out integrated design to promote architectural design, analysis, reasonable decision-making cycle, and to produce an optimal design that meets environmental benefits, thereby achieving more environmentally-optimized optimization. development of.

It can be seen from the above that the conventional analog analysis system only focuses on the design side, and when the optimized design is applied to the construction end, the performance data of the building performance analysis (BPA) simulation and the essence constructed according to the optimized scheme are found. There is always a gap in performance values between environments, resulting in loss of construction and operation.

Therefore, in order to assist the designer to connect the design end to the operator side, and to reduce the difference in performance values between the simulated performance data and the physical environment constructed according to the optimized solution, the present invention provides an application-like neural network. The learning green building efficiency simulation analysis system obtains the predictive ability through supervised neural network learning, and drives the real adjustable façade components to connect the design end to the operating end to make it closer to the measured performance.

The green building performance simulation analysis system using the neural network learning method of the present invention comprises: an input device, which is provided with a processing module; and a modeling module connected to the processing module Connected to generate a volume model; a parameter programming module is coupled to the building module for encoding and modulating an input parameter; a performance analysis module, the processing module, and the modeling module Connected to generate a simulated value and a visual analysis; a real building module, connected to the processing module and the performance analysis module, comprising a real building unit and a sensing unit for generating a measured a type of neural network learning module, and the performance analysis module and the real building module for generating a predicted value; and a comparison module, the performance analysis module, and the neural network learning The modules are connected to compare the predicted value with the simulated value to obtain an optimization scheme.

The modeling module is based on the Building Information Model (BIM) and mainly includes the receiving, simulating and outputting of geometric, physical and topological information to generate the quantitative model of the building.

The performance analysis module is based on Building Performance Analysis (BPA). The main analysis of building performance projects includes building sunshine and daylighting, interior lighting, shading and shadowing, shading optimization, heat radiation, air and convection, air conditioning energy consumption, and sound design. , ventilation environment, visual impact, overall building energy performance simulation and life cycle energy consumption and carbon emissions, etc., provide analytical data information to generate the simulation value and the visual analysis. The visual analysis is weather station meteorological Meteorological Year (TMY) weather data, wind environment analysis, light environment analysis, energy use intensity (EUI), building life cycle energy consumption and cost calculation, energy recovery. / Energy saving potential, average carbon emissions, monthly air conditioning load, and peak demand for electricity.

The neural network learning module uses a supervised learning Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN) as a learning algorithm to perform neural network-supervised learning training to make it predictive. The approximate value (predicted value) of the measured value is predicted from the simulation value.

The sensing unit is at least one of an illuminator, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a sound sensor, and an air speed sensor. The input device is a personal computer, a tablet computer or a smart phone.

The invention further comprises a database module connected to the modeling module wirelessly or by wire, wherein the database module comprises a weather data database and a geographic environment database. The weather data database includes meteorological data of a real weather station and a virtual weather station, the virtual weather station technology making the invention unrestricted for use in a region. The geographic environment database contains data and visualization information of terrain, roads and building spaces. The data format of the real weather station and the virtual weather station is the International Meteorological Year (TMY).

The invention may further comprise an output module, the output module being connected to the processing module, the output module being a display, a printer or a projector.

It can be seen from the above that the present invention adopts an adaptable mechanism to adapt to the external environment and obtain predictive capability through the supervised neural network learning module in the system, and replaces the "simulated value" of the building performance analysis with "predicted value". In order to judge whether the target is reached, the entity model can be executed to direct the design end to the operation end, and the performance value difference between the design phase and the operation phase is narrowed, thereby reducing the loss of construction and operation. Because its "predicted value" is closer to the measured performance than the "simulated value", it not only reduces the gap between the performance value of the simulation and the measured value of the actual environmental performance, but also improves the predictive validity of the green building performance simulation analysis system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning, the steps of which include: A. Modeling: using a parameter programming module as a visual programming platform to modulate an input parameter Introducing a modeling module to create a volume model, Exporting gbXML (Green Building Extensible Markup Language) building simulation format file; B. Performance simulation analysis: gbXML (Green Building Extensible Markup Language) building simulation format file is uploaded to a performance analysis module to generate a visual analysis and a simulation value; Real construction and actual measurement: the input parameters are imported into a real construction module to adjust the building facade to obtain a measured value; D. Collect data for neural network learning training: collect the simulation value data and the actual measurement As a sample data, the value data is imported into a kind of neural network learning module to perform multi-layer backward transmission network learning to obtain prediction ability and generate a prediction value. E. Set the target to obtain an optimization scheme: the prediction value and the simulation The value is imported into a comparison module, and the predicted value is used as a comparison condition for setting the target to obtain an optimization scheme; and F. is script-oriented automatic control: the entity model is generated according to the parameter setting of the optimization scheme.

The solid building module of step C includes a real building unit and a sensing unit. The sensing unit is at least one of an illuminator, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a sound sensor, and an air speed sensor. The visual analysis of step B is the meteorological station's typical meteorological year (TMY) weather data, wind environment analysis, light environment analysis, electricity density (EUI), building life cycle energy consumption and cost calculation, energy recovery / energy saving potential, Average carbon emissions, monthly air conditioning load, and peak electricity demand.

As can be seen from the above, the present invention assists the designer in concatenating the design end to the operating end, reducing the difference in performance values between the simulated performance data and the physical environment built according to the optimal solution, through the supervised neuron The network learning and training can obtain the predictive ability, and drive the real-time adjustable façade components, and connect the design end to the operation end, so that it can be closer to the measured performance, improve the system's predictive validity, and reduce the loss of construction and operation. .

10‧‧‧Input device

11‧‧‧Processing module

20‧‧‧Modeling module

30‧‧‧Parameter programming module

40‧‧‧ Performance Analysis Module

50‧‧‧ Real construction module

51‧‧‧ Real construction unit

52‧‧‧Sensor unit

60‧‧‧ class neural network learning module

70‧‧‧ alignment module

80‧‧‧Database Module

81‧‧‧Weather Data Database

82‧‧‧Geographic Database

90‧‧‧Output module

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for operating a green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning according to the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention provides a green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning. The input system 10 includes an input module 10 , a processing module 11 , a modeling module 20 , and the processing module 11 . Connected to generate a volume model; a parameter programming module 30 is coupled to the building module 20 for encoding and modulating an input parameter; a performance analysis module 40, and the processing module 11 The modeling module 20 is connected to generate a simulation value and a visual analysis. A real building module 50 is connected to the processing module 11 and the performance analysis module 40, and includes a real building unit 51 and a sensing unit 52 for generating a measured value; a neural network learning module 60, the performance analysis module 40 and the real building module 50 for generating a predicted value; and a comparison module 70. The performance analysis module 40 and the neural network learning module 60 are connected to obtain an optimization scheme for comparing the predicted value with the simulation value.

The modeling module 20 is based on a building information model (BIM) and mainly includes receiving, simulating and outputting geometric, physical and topological information for generating a three-dimensional building-body model, the volume model being a record. A geometric model of the geometric spatial relationship of a building, geographic information, the number of building elements, and related properties. The modeling module 20 not only establishes 3D geometric information, but also It includes some non-geometric information that needs to be passed to the performance analysis module 40.

The performance analysis module 40 is based on the Building Performance Analysis (BPA). The main performance items analyzed include architectural sunshine and lighting, indoor lighting, shading and shadow analysis, shading optimization, heat radiation, air and convection, air conditioning energy consumption, and sound effects. Design, ventilation environment, visual impact, overall building energy performance simulation and life cycle energy and carbon emissions analysis, etc., providing visual simulation images, simulation value data, statistical analysis charts and forms to assist users in understanding the design Performance runs. The visual analysis can be weather station typical weather year (TMY) weather data, wind environment analysis, light environment analysis, electricity density (EUI), building life cycle energy and cost calculation, energy recovery / energy saving potential, average carbon emissions , monthly air conditioning load and peak demand for electricity, etc.

The present invention can also include a database module 80 that is connected to the modeling module 20 in a wireless or wired manner. The database module 80 includes a weather data database 81 and a geographic environment database 82. The meteorological data database 81 includes data from a real weather station and a virtual weather station, and the data source is in the form of an internationally typical typical weather year (TMY), that is, each weather station is based on a monthly average of nearly 30 years. And from the data of the past 10 years, the average value of nearly 30 years in each month is selected as the typical meteorological year. Based on the TMY data of each real weather station, the simulation operation of the virtual weather station is carried out to make up the data gap between the actual stations, and the meteorological grid distance within 14 km can be improved to improve the simulation accuracy. . Due to this technical breakthrough of the virtual weather station, the invention is not limited to the application of the area. The geographic environment database 82 contains data and imagery information of terrain, roads, and building spaces. The database module 80 can also be a cloud database, and the modeling module 20 is wirelessly connected through a network or a wifi.

The present invention further includes an output module 90 coupled to the processing module 11 of the input device 10. The output module 90 can be a display, a printer, or a projector.

The input device 10 is a personal computer, a tablet computer, or a smart phone. The input device 10 inputs attribute parameters of the building, such as building type, activity type and user density, housing properties (such as construction material, heat transfer coefficient or heat insulation coefficient), air conditioning and lighting, etc., through the processing module 11 Transfer to the modeling module 20, the modeling module 20 loads the selected graphic data, geographic environment and meteorological data from the database module 80, and merges the base image into a volume model to obtain gbXML. (Green Building Extensible Markup Language) The building simulation format is provided to the performance analysis module 40 for subsequent building performance related analysis.

However, the present invention also has an adaptable capability. Based on the façade modeling of the parameter setting engine, the modeling module 20, the parameter programming module 30, and the performance analysis module 40 can all be an architectural design application software. For example, using Autodesk's Revit software as BIM tool, Ecotect software as BPA tool, and Dynamo software as Revit's visual programming platform, and Ecotect is a BPA tool integrated with Revit, which is friendly to architects and designers. Using the interface, perform BIM-based building performance analysis to guide the design project for optimization. Since the parameter programming module 30 uses Dynamo as the visual programming platform of Revit, the parameter programming module 30 can replace the code writing according to the "Node", so that the user can connect in accordance with the requirements. The required design project parameter scripts, for example, to construct a simulation based on optical environment performance, use Revit to model and control the Revit model with Dynamo collaborative programming to adjust the window opening rate of the facade window or change the angle of the sun visor blade. Input parameters such as the basic model built by Revit software and export the gbXML building simulation format to the Ecotect software, and perform work surface illumination analysis to obtain the simulated illuminance value Y lux of the working surface. However, it is not limited to the simulation analysis of light environment performance, and can also perform performance simulation analysis of heat radiation, air and convection, air conditioning energy consumption, sound effect design, ventilation environment, etc., and obtain simulated sound value, simulation temperature value, and simulated humidity value. Or simulate the simulation value data such as the wind speed value. Transform the input parameters such as the window opening rate of the facade window into the real building module. After the simulation value data is obtained, the simulation value data is imported into the neural network learning module 60.

The real building module 50 receives the modulated input parameters, and performs real-time measurement of the adjustable building facade and the working surface illuminance. For example, the opening ratio value X% of the facade window is introduced into the real building unit 51 for real construction. The adjustable building façade is obtained, and the working surface illuminance value Y'lux is obtained by the sensing unit 52 such as an illuminator. However, the sensing unit 52 may also be a temperature sensor, a sound sensor, a humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, or a combination thereof to obtain a measured sound value, a measured temperature value, and a measured humidity. The measured value data of at least one of the value or the measured wind speed value. After the measured data is obtained, the neural network learning module 60 is imported into the neural network learning module 60.

The conventional neural learning is divided into three categories: supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning. The present invention selects the inverse transfer-like neural network (BPN) of supervised learning as a learning algorithm, that is, a basic neuron. Network, data from input to output, divided into four processing parts, including: (1) input (2) aggregate function, sometimes necessary to add activation function (activation function) makes the total function more sensitive; (3 The transfer function and (4) output, when its output value and the expectation value are estimated, the error is calculated, and the weight (ω n) is further adjusted according to the error value. The process of correcting from a neural network until the error can be below a certain threshold is called learning, training, or adaptation. In short, supervised learning uses inference as a corollary by constantly correcting the transfer weights in the network to match the expected value. During the training process, the weight adjustment reduces the gap between the network output value and the target output value until The gap is less than a certain "threshold value" before it stops.

Therefore, the neural network learning module 60 receives the performance analysis module 40. The simulated value data and the measured value data of the real building module 50. At this time, the neural network learning module 60 collects the simulation value data Y lux set as the input value, and the measured value data Y'lux set of the real construction module 50 is used as the expectation value, and the multi-layer reverse transmission of the supervised learning is performed. The network (BPN) is used as a learning algorithm to perform neural network-supervised learning training, which has predictive power and predicts from Y lux (simulated value) to the approximate value of Y'lux (measured value) Y"lux (predicted) value).

The comparison module 70 uses Y"lux (predicted value) as the comparison condition of the set target, and compares the predicted value data with the simulation value data to obtain an optimization scheme.

The processing module 11 further performs script-oriented automatic control according to the parameter setting of the optimization scheme, drives the real-time adjustable fascia component, and executes the script to the operation end.

It can be seen from the above that the present invention adopts an adaptable mechanism to adapt to the external environment and obtain predictive capability through the supervised neural network learning module in the system, and replaces the "simulated value" of the building performance analysis with "predicted value". In order to judge whether the target is reached, the entity model can be executed to direct the design end to the operation end, and the performance value difference between the design phase and the operation phase is narrowed, thereby reducing the loss of construction and operation. Because its "predicted value" is closer to the measured performance than the "simulated value", it not only reduces the gap between the performance value of the simulation and the measured value of the actual environmental performance, but also improves the predictive validity of the green building performance simulation analysis system.

Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the operation method of the green building performance simulation analysis system using the neural network learning method of the present invention. The operation method of the green building efficiency simulation analysis system using the neural network learning method of the present invention comprises the following steps: A. Modeling: using a parameter programming module 30 as a visual programming platform to modulate an input parameter, importing and constructing The module module 20 establishes a volume model, and exports the gbXML (Green Building Extensible Markup Language) building simulation format file; B. performance simulation analysis: gbXML (Green Building Extensible Markup The building simulation format file is uploaded to a performance analysis module 40 to generate a visual analysis and a simulation value; C. Real construction and actual measurement: the input parameter is imported into a real construction module 50 for an adjustable building facade. Obtaining a measured value; D. Collecting data for class-like neural network learning training: collecting the simulated value data and the measured value data as sample data, and importing into a type of neural network learning module 60 for multi-layer back-transfer network learning for training Obtaining a predictive ability, generating a predicted value; E. setting a target to obtain an optimization scheme: importing the predicted value and the simulated value into a comparison module 70, and using the predicted value as a comparison target of the set target, obtaining one Optimization scheme; and F. Script-oriented automatic control: The entity model is generated according to the parameter settings of the optimization scheme.

The solid building module 50 of the step C includes a real building unit 51 and a sensing unit 52, and the sensing unit 52 can be an illuminator, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a sound sensor, and a sense of wind speed. At least one of the detectors is not limited thereto.

The visual analysis of step B is the meteorological station's typical meteorological year (TMY) weather data, wind environment analysis, light environment analysis, electricity density (EUI), building life cycle energy consumption and cost calculation, energy recovery / energy saving potential, Average carbon emissions, monthly air conditioning loads, and peak demand for electricity.

It can be seen from the above that in the construction of an adjustable building facade based on the simulation of the light environment performance, the above steps are divided into two stages. In the first phase, mainly for data collection, learning calculus, and predictive ability, so steps A~D are performed. The Revit software is used to build the volume model, and the Dynamo software collaborative programming control Revit model is used to adjust the window opening rate of the facade window by X%, and the gbXML building simulation format file is exported to the Ecotect software for performance simulation analysis to generate a visual analysis of the light environment. And export the text file (EXCEL file) to obtain the simulation illuminance value Y lux at different time points. The window opening ratio X% of the facade window is merged into the real building block to control the adaptability of the real building. Face, and measured the illuminance value Y'lux at different time points on the working surface by illuminance meter.

Collecting the above simulation value data and measured value data as sample data, importing into a neural network learning module such as Neurolsutio software, using a multi-layer inverted transfer network as a learning algorithm, predicting from Y lux (simulated value) to Y'lux The approximate value of the (measured value) is Y"lux (predicted value), and the "training set" and "test set" are selected from the sample data to define the "input value" and "expectation value" in the "training set" column. The cross-validation dataset percentage and the transfer function are used to learn the "training set". After learning, the predictive ability is obtained, and the "test set" in the sample data is used to verify the predicted value. The predicted value is much closer to the measured value than the simulated value. value.

In the second stage, mainly based on the prediction, the optimization scheme is sought, and the script-oriented automatic control is performed, so steps E~F are performed. After having the predictive ability, the simulation value and the predicted value are merged into the comparison module, and the predicted value is used as the comparison condition of the set target, and the optimization scheme is sought, and after the optimization scheme is obtained, the script-oriented automatic control is performed, and the optimization is performed according to the optimization. The parameter setting of the scheme drives the real-time adjustment of the façade component to build a solid model, and the script of the optimization scheme is executed to the operator.

According to the above operation method, the present invention assists the designer to serially connect the design end to the operation end, and reduces the difference between the performance data of the simulation and the performance value existing between the actual environment constructed according to the optimized solution, and improves the system. Predictive validity, which in turn reduces the loss of construction and operations.

Claims (11)

A green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning includes: an input device, a processing module is provided; a modeling module is connected with the processing module to generate a volume model; a parameter programming a module connected to the building module for encoding and modulating an input parameter; a performance analysis module coupled to the processing module and the modeling module for generating a simulation value and a Visualization analysis; a real construction module, connected to the processing module and the performance analysis module, comprising a real construction unit and a sensing unit for generating a measured value; a neural network learning module, and The performance analysis module and the real building module are connected to generate a predicted value; and a comparison module is connected to the performance analysis module and the neural network learning module for comparison The predicted value and the simulated value obtain an optimization scheme, and the plurality of building parameters or environmental factor parameter settings in the optimization scheme are transmitted back to the real building module. The green building performance simulation analysis system using the neural network learning method described in claim 1 further includes a database module connected to the modeling module wirelessly or by wire, wherein the database module includes a weather A database of data and a geographic environment database. The green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning according to claim 2, wherein the meteorological data database comprises meteorological data of a real weather station and a virtual weather station, the geographic environment database comprising terrain Data and imagery of roads and building spaces. The green building performance simulation analysis system using the neural network learning method as described in claim 1, wherein the visual analysis is weather weather data (TMY) weather data, wind environment analysis, light environment analysis, and electricity density of the weather station ( EUI), building life cycle energy and cost calculations, energy recovery/energy saving potential, average carbon emissions, monthly air conditioning load, and peak demand for electricity. The green building performance simulation analysis system using the neural network learning method according to claim 1, wherein the sensing unit is at least an illuminator, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a sound sensor, and a wind speed sensor. one of them. The green building performance simulation analysis system using the neural network learning method according to claim 1, wherein the input device is a personal computer, a tablet computer or a smart phone. The green building performance simulation analysis system using the neural network learning method described in claim 1 further includes an output module, and the output module is connected to the processing module. A method for operating a green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning, the steps of which include: A. Modeling: using a parameter programming module as a visual programming platform to modulate an input parameter and import a modeling module Create a volume model and export gbXML (Green) Building Extensible Markup Language; B. Performance Simulation Analysis: gbXML (Green Building Extensible Markup Language) building simulation format file uploaded to a performance analysis module to generate a visual analysis and a simulation value; C. Real construction and measurement : The input parameter is imported into a real building module to obtain an adjustable building façade to obtain a measured value; D. Collecting data for neural network learning training: collecting the simulated value data and the measured value data as sample data Importing a type of neural network learning module to perform multi-layer backward transfer network learning to obtain prediction ability and generate a prediction value; E. setting a target to obtain an optimization scheme: importing the predicted value and the simulation value into one ratio For the module, using the predicted value as the comparison condition of the set target, obtaining an optimization scheme; and F. performing script-oriented automatic control: generating a real according to the plurality of building parameters or environmental factor parameter settings of the optimization scheme Construct a model. The method for operating a green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning according to claim 8, wherein the real building module of step C comprises a real building unit and a sensing unit. The method for operating a green building performance simulation analysis system using neural network learning according to claim 9, wherein the sensing unit is an illuminator, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a sound sensor, and a wind speed sense At least one of the detectors. Green building efficiency simulation using neural network learning as described in claim 8 Analyze the operation method of the system, wherein the visual analysis is typical meteorological weather data of the weather station, wind environment analysis, light environment analysis, electricity density, building life cycle energy consumption and cost calculation, energy recovery/energy saving potential, average carbon emission , monthly air conditioning load and peak demand for electricity.