TWI629512B - Birefringent body, beam combination device and method for manufacturing birefringent body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a birefringent body, a method for manufacturing the birefringent body, and an optical beam combining device BC for generating a plurality of pixels PK.

In particular, the present invention proposes a birefringent body that can be manufactured at a lower cost and can be applied to a large area. The optical beam combination device BC proposed by the present invention needs to be able to generate a plurality of pixels PK for 3D display scenes, and even if it is applied to a large display, it can achieve sufficient size and sufficient uniformity.

To achieve the above object, the birefringent body proposed by the present invention contains components of an optically anisotropic birefringent material, which are buried in an optically transparent matrix in the same orientation in space. The method proposed by the present invention is to The matrix base material is mixed with the optically anisotropic birefringent material, and then the optically anisotropic material is spatially oriented in the mixture, and the matrix base material is cured by the influence of the components in the same spatial orientation, and the optical The birefringent plate of the beam combining device BC includes the birefringent body SP of the present invention.

Description

Birefringent body, beam combination device and method for manufacturing birefringent body

The invention relates to a birefringent body, a method for manufacturing the birefringent body, and an optical beam combining device for generating a plurality of pixels. The beam combining device includes a light modulation device with a pixel configuration, an optical delay element, and a birefringence. A flat panel, and a polarizing element.

Birefringence is a characteristic of optically anisotropic materials. The effect of birefringence is that when light is incident perpendicularly to the birefringent material, the so-called regular beam does not change direction during the process of passing through the birefringent material. However, when the light is incident perpendicularly to the birefringent material, and the optical axis of the birefringent material is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the incident light, the direction of the pointing vector of the irregular beam will change. The difference between regular and irregular beams lies in their polarization direction, that is, their polarization state, that is, the difference between the two lies in the vibration of the electric field. This feature can be applied to a variety of different optical applications. For example, it can be applied to optical elements of a 3D display. The so-called 3D display refers to a display that displays a scene in a three-dimensional space.

Calcite and quartz are known birefringent materials. However, for applications that require large birefringent bodies (usually made into large flat plates), it is difficult to make large calcite or quartz plates. Although the synthetic calcite crystal can produce a flat plate with sufficient purity and a diameter greater than 300 mm, the manufacturing cost is very high. It is currently expected that within the next 10 years, this type of synthetic calcite crystal plate with a size equivalent to a direct-view display will still not be a mass-produced product.

For example, the role of a birefringent flat plate applied to a 3D display is to generate a plurality of pixels from two phase pixels of a light modulator using an optical beam combining device in a holographic method. For example, the TE wave field (vertically polarized light) and TM wave field (horizontal polarized light) generated by two pixels with different phases of the optical modulator--or at least wave fields of different polarizations--are stacked together, thereby achieving It is possible to generate a beam combination of a plurality of pixels from two phase pixels.

An alternative that can replace birefringent flat plates applied to optical beam combining devices is to use so-called volume gratings, where the corresponding light is diffracted on the grating plane of a composite volume grating manufactured for this purpose. In order to achieve the effect of a birefringent plate, two such volume gratings having thicknesses determined by the distance to the pixels to be combined and at a specific distance from each other must be used. WO 2010/149588 A1 describes in detail how to use a birefringent plate and such a (diffractive optically active) volume grating as an optical beam combination device. However, the thickness of such an optical active volume grating (ie, a diffractive volume grating) is limited, and an alignment layer is usually required for its manufacture. In addition, the spacer must be placed between the two volume gratings with very high precision to be able to combine two phase pixels into a single complex pixel that can be used for full-image display in a defect-free or low defect rate manner. .

Inserting the birefringent element into the optical active volume grating to achieve other optical states is very complicated (see "Multiplexed holographic transmission gratings recorded in holographic polymerdispersed liquid crystals: static and dynamic studies", Sebastien lkmaria Camacho Perez, Raymond Chevallier, and Jean-Louis de Bougrenet dela Tocnaye, Applied Optics, Vol. 44, Issue 25, pp. 5273-5280 (2005)), because the volume grating and its manufacturing method require very high density, It is possible to achieve the desired diffraction conditions, and at the same time, the matching mode of the birefringent element and the optical active volume grating must be adjusted to meet the application requirements.

In addition, the optical beam combining device also needs a polarizer. An example of a polarizer used in the prior art is a fine metal grid with a period significantly less than λ / 2. The electrons located in the metal wire can move freely along the metal wire, wherein the electrons can hardly move perpendicular to the dipole vibration.

This anisotropic electron mobility causes the electric field vibrating parallel to the metal wire to be affected by a large effective cross section of the electrons. These electrons may be excited into dipole vibrations and thus reflect incident light. In contrast, the electric field vibrating perpendicular to the metal wire is affected by a smaller effective cross section of the electrons. Since these electrons are not excited to vibrate as dipoles, only a small part of the incident light will be reflected when it passes through. A typical value for the nominal polarization transmittance of such a polarizing element is 0.98, where the reflection value of its orthogonal polarization is> 0.95.

But making such a grating is a cumbersome task. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative polarizing element with lower manufacturing cost.

The object of the present invention is to provide a birefringent body, a method for manufacturing the birefringent body, and an optical beam combining device for generating a plurality of pixels and a polarizing element, so as to solve the aforementioned problems. The present invention particularly proposes a large-size birefringent body that can be manufactured at a lower cost, and such a birefringent body can be used as an optical element applied to a large-area 3D display. In addition, the function of the optical beam combination device proposed by the present invention is to generate a plurality of pixels for a 3D display scene, and even if it is applied to a large display (that is, a display larger than 45 inches), it can achieve sufficient size and sufficient uniformity .

The above purpose can be achieved by applying the theory of the first patent application scope. The content of the attached patent application item attached to item 1 of the scope of patent application is various related advantageous implementation and improvement methods.

The birefringent body contains components of an optically anisotropic birefringent material. A component as referred to herein refers to a single component, a particulate, and / or a specific component with a limited spatial range.

According to the invention, these components are buried in an optically transparent matrix in the same orientation in space. The so-called same orientation in space here means that the optical axes of these components all point in a desired direction. These components are usually embedded in an optically transparent substrate. The so-called optically transparent substrate refers to a substrate with high transparency. The role of the optically transparent matrix is as a filling framework for the orientation component of an optically anisotropic birefringent material. In one option, the matrix material can be oriented according to the state of polarization.

According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the optically anisotropic material is buried in an optically transparent matrix containing an optically inactive volume grating, wherein the characteristic of the optically inactive volume grating is for all wavelengths of the light used Neither will cause diffraction. This means that the optically inactive volume grating does not cause diffraction over the entire wavelength range of visible light. The optically inactive volume grating described here is also applied to the corresponding wavelength range under the so-called "Bragg mismatch" condition, and constitutes an artificial dielectric. Applications under "Bragg mismatch" conditions may involve angular selectivity and / or wavelength selectivity.

An optically inactive volume grating has a distant structure with periodicity in at least one dimension, and its period may not satisfy the Bragg diffraction conditions for all wavelengths and incident directions of light rays used. This kind of diffractive optically inactive volume grating matrix supports the orientation of the components of a birefringent material that is optically anisotropic. In special cases, only optically inactive volume grating matrices can orient the optical axis of the components of an optically anisotropic birefringent material.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the optically inactive volume grating is composed of a polymer produced by two-beam interference exposure or multi-beam interference exposure. Therefore, a simple method can be used to produce a cured optically transparent non-reactive volume grating matrix from a mixture of monomers and / or oligomers and components of an optically anisotropic birefringent material, which contains the same space. Directional birefringence component. In this way, the orientation of the birefringent component can be achieved without the need for an alignment layer, and the same orientation can be maintained up to a thickness in the mm range.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the cured material of the optically transparent matrix also has a birefringent property. In addition to the orientation and fixation functions, this matrix material with birefringent properties can also enhance the birefringence effect of artificial dielectrics produced by the matrix and birefringent components with the same spatial orientation buried in the matrix.

Directional embedding itself does not have refractive properties, but microscopic expansion components (such as glass ellipsoids with sub-wavelength expansion) that are not rotationally symmetrical in shape can produce a shape birefringence. In addition, the so-called shape birefringence means that the birefringence characteristics of an object do not originate from the birefringence characteristics of the matrix material or the components contained in the matrix, but from the geometry, internal structure and arrangement of the components contained in the matrix, and / or The birefringence of the matrix itself. Just embedding microscopic expansion components (such as glass particles with sub-wavelength expansion) that do not have refractive characteristics themselves into periodic structured materials with distinguishable refractive indices can also produce shape birefringence, that is, transmission It is also possible to generate shape birefringence for the spatial separation of the embedded particles (such as spherical particles) and without other orientation. However, in order to be able to realize optical applications with this shape of the birefringent body, the thickness of the birefringent body in this shape must be much larger than the thickness of the birefringent body of the present invention. The components are embedded in the optically transparent matrix in the same spatial orientation.

However, if the birefringent body of this shape has sufficient layer thickness, and the device using the birefringent body of this shape also has enough space to accommodate the birefringent body of this shape, then depending on the optical application, only the birefringent body may be used. Refractors, for example, are used to achieve beam combining.

However, in order to reduce the layer thickness of the birefringent body required for optical applications (such as optical beam combination) as much as possible, particles with high birefringence can be buried so that the final birefringence is significantly greater than the shape birefringence, such as greater than the The birefringence that can be achieved by the inactive volume grating matrix is greater than the birefringence generated by the brachial refraction or qualitative embedding through the component itself, which does not have birefringence properties, but is not rotationally symmetrical.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the component embedded in the matrix contains an optically anisotropic birefringent material, usually such a material is a microscopically expandable polymerizable monomer and / or oligomer, especially a polymerizable polymer. Liquid crystal (LC).

If there is a volume grating matrix that forms a preferred polarization direction, polymerizable liquid crystals and monomers and oligomers that polymerize into asymmetric polymer chains or tend to polymerize into asymmetric polymer chains are optically transparent to this embedding The same spatially oriented component in the matrix is a particularly advantageous birefringent material.

The birefringent component itself can be polymerized, but it does not have to be polymerized. It is also possible to embed oval nano particles of different materials, such as different dielectric materials or metals, especially carbon nanotubes.

This has the advantage that in addition to the liquid crystal monomer, liquid crystal oligomer and / or liquid crystal polymer being oriented to molecules inclined to the surface, or the liquid crystal monomer, liquid crystal oligomer and / or liquid crystal polymer being oriented to ultraviolet radiation, Outside the electric field, the corresponding birefringent component can also achieve the same spatial orientation in thicker layers, that is, its optical axis can also be positioned in the desired direction in thicker layers and / or thicker objects. In the display application, the layer thickness may be d = 50 μm to d = 500 μm.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the material of the optically transparent matrix and the composition of the optically anisotropic material are selected to maximize birefringence and minimize the proportion of scattered light. This is especially true for components of highly miscible matrix materials and optically anisotropic materials.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the birefringence characteristic of the composition of the optically anisotropic material can be changed through the control element and / or the adjustment element. Examples of possible control amounts and / or adjustment amounts that can affect the birefringence characteristics of the components of the optically anisotropic material through the control element and / or the adjustment element include magnetic fields, electric fields, radiation fields (especially ultraviolet radiation), Or pressure on a birefringent body. If the electric field is used to change the birefringence characteristics of the composition of the optically anisotropic material, a controllable electrode (preferably an optically transparent electrode) provided on the birefringent body can be used as the corresponding control element and / or adjustment element . Through such a control element and / or an adjustment element, the angle at which the incident light is deflected by the birefringent body can be changed to balance the thickness change of the birefringent body and / or respond to the wavelength change of the incident light.

According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the components of the optically anisotropic birefringent material have the same spatially periodic orientation in the optically transparent matrix. This means that there are specific amounts of domains with different orientations in one cycle, or that the orientation of the components of the optically anisotropic material changes continuously in a specific way in one cycle. In this way, the required modulation can be achieved for the birefringence in the birefringence body. Depending on the manufacturing method, this periodic change in the same orientation of the components of the optically anisotropic birefringent body can be achieved in only one direction, a plurality of directions, or the entire space.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the components of the optically anisotropic birefringent material are placed in a plurality of specific directions within the same range of the birefringent body, so that their refractive index-ellipsoidal bodies overlap in space. The resulting refractive index body is multiaxial.

The optical beam combination device having the features of the tenth aspect of the patent application can be used to achieve the device object of the present invention mentioned above. The contents of the subsidiary patent item attached to item 10 of the scope of patent application are various related advantageous implementation and improvement methods.

The optical beam combination device for generating a plurality of pixels provided by the present invention has a light modulator including a pixel configuration, an optical delay element, a birefringent plate, and a polarizing element, and is characterized in that the birefringent plate has one as described above. In one embodiment, the birefringent body has a thickness (d) and / or other characteristics such that the wave fields of two pixels with different polarizations can be combined into a plurality of pixels after passing through a birefringent plate. The optical delay element of an optical beam combination device usually has a delay structure that is adapted to the pixel configuration of the light modulator. For example, the optical delay element may be composed of a so-called structured half-wavelength plate. For example, a so-called 45-degree polarizer may be used. As a polarizing element that can be used as an analyzer.

The light of the two pixels to be combined with TE and TM polarization is located in front of the birefringent plate. A polarizing filter (referred to as a “polarizer”) for linear polarization is provided behind the birefringent plate. The axis of the maximum transmission rate is exactly the angular bisector of the electric field of TE and TM polarization. Both are turned 45 degrees.

Such an optical beam combining device may have a structure as described in FIG. 5, FIG. 10 to FIG. 14, FIG. 17, or FIG. 21 of WO 2010/149588 A1.

It should be pointed out here that whether the wave field of the two pixels of the optical modulator can be combined into a complex pixel is determined by the quality of the birefringent body, especially the optical characteristics and thickness characteristics of the birefringent body. If necessary, the aforementioned control element and / or adjustment element can be used to influence the birefringence characteristics of the birefringent body (here, the birefringent plate) to balance the variation of these characteristics. This effect can be generated by an electric field. To this end, the controllable electrodes can be arranged on the birefringent body as parallel as possible to the coding direction of the holographic display equipped with the optical beam combining device.

According to another embodiment of the optical beam combining device of the present invention, a birefringent body for a birefringent flat plate has a substrate containing an optically inactive volume grating, wherein the grating period Λ and the grating tilt angle γ of the optically inactive volume grating All wavelengths of the light irradiating the birefringent body and the incident angle of the light are prevented from being diffracted by the birefringent body. That is to say, it only works under the so-called "Bragg mismatch" condition, so the optical inactive volume grating will not or only diffract a small part of the incident light.

An advantageous method is that the inclination angle of the grating of the optically inactive volume grating in the birefringent plate, that is, the inclination angle of the grating to the base of the plate, is between 30 degrees and 50 degrees. The so-called flat base refers to the surface of the flat plate facing the light modulator (SLM). A particularly advantageous method is that the grating tilt angle is between 42 degrees and 45 degrees, and the optical axis of the spatially-oriented birefringent component buried in the optically inactive volume grating is oriented along the grating plane. This usually occurs if birefringent liquid crystals containing monomers, oligomers, or polymers are oriented or fixed in a volume grating material containing monomers, oligomers, or polymers by two-beam or multi-beam interference exposure. Situation.

According to another embodiment of the optical beam combining device of the present invention, the pixel pitch of each single color (red, green, blue) of the light modulator is a lateral shift (shear distance s) in the birefringent body according to its wavelength. _i ) To choose. Of course, when the pixel pitch is selected according to the lateral shift of its wavelength in the birefringent body, it must also be matched with the corresponding opening and optical extension element. The difference in the lateral offset introduced for the optical paths of different wavelengths in the optical beam combination device of the present invention is preferably less than 5%.

According to a special embodiment, by selecting the components embedded in the matrix, a beam shift s introduced by achromatic and / or apochromatic, that is, a beam shift that remains unchanged regardless of the wavelength used, can be achieved. s, where the component embedded in the matrix can be a birefringent component, or it can be a component that is not birefringent but is not rotationally symmetric in shape. For example, a mixture composed of different components can be embedded, and the dispersion of the components constituting the mixture should be able to minimize the final dispersion.

According to another embodiment, the birefringence dispersion achieved by directionally embedding the birefringence component can be used to balance the realized shape birefringence dispersion, thus introducing a de-dispersion or de-dispersion beam shift.

It is also possible to use a layer stack composed of planar parallel plates contained in the birefringent body of the present invention to achieve smaller dispersion, because the dispersions of these planar parallel plates will cancel each other out.

According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the optical beam combining device has a device whose function is to match the incident angle of the light on the birefringent plate according to the wavelength of the light so that all wavelengths of the light pass through the beam combining device (BC) The beam offset remains the same.

In this way, red light, green light, and blue light can be irradiated on the birefringent plate at slightly different angles of incidence, so that the same beam shift can be achieved even in the presence of dispersion. For example, blue light can be irradiated on a birefringent plate with -5 degrees, red light with 0 degrees (that is, vertical), and red light with an incidence angle of +3 degrees.

The optical elements of the display behind the beam combining device, such as volume grating-field lenses that are diffracted under Bragg conditions, can be matched with slightly different exit angles behind the birefringent plate to focus all colors to RGB (red-green (Blue) One focal point of a multi-factory lens.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the optical beam combiner also has a color apodization method-filtering glow-aperture, which is used to balance light of different wavelengths (for example, red light, green light, and blue light for displaying a color three-dimensional scene). A lateral shift when passing through a birefringent plate. WO 2010/149588 A1 has a description of this color apodization method-filter-aperture, especially the description of FIG. 16. The color apodization method-filter-aperture can be set on the plane of the light modulator (SLM) or near the plane of the light modulator (SLM), that is, in front of the incident surface, or it can be set on the beam combination element. (Such as a birefringent plate).

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the optical beam combiner further has another birefringent plate. The birefringent plate has a birefringent body as in the foregoing embodiment. The two birefringent plates of the optical beam combiner are It is set by rotating at an angle to each other, and the thickness of the two allows the wave fields of two adjacent pixels with different polarizations to pass through two birefringent plates, and then they can be combined into a complex pixel with no optical path difference. This arrangement is the arrangement that is least sensitive to wavelength variations and incident angle variations. For this purpose, two identical birefringent plates are generally used, that is, two birefringent plates having the same thickness and containing the same birefringent body. This configuration of the birefringent flat plate is also called a savant plate or a savant double plate.

One possible implementation of the optical beam combining device of the present invention (its role is to combine the light beams of the wave fields of two differently-oriented phase pixels together) is to use two identical birefringent plates that rotate 90 degrees around each other. . Each of the two birefringent plates has an optical axis at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane normal of the incident surface of the light beam. The first wave field is laterally shifted by the first birefringent plate, and the second wave field is laterally shifted by the second birefringent plate. Therefore, the wave fields are combined on the exit surface of the device in a manner substantially free of optical path difference. These wave fields are preferably centered on each other and propagate in a common direction.

According to another embodiment of the optical beam combining device of the present invention (its function is to combine the beams of the wave fields of two differently-oriented phase pixels together), the first step is to make the first wave field at the first The birefringent plate is laterally shifted by a specific amount in one direction. The second step is to use a half-wave plate to polarize the wavelengths of the two phase pixels to be combined. The third step is to make the second wave The field produces the same lateral offset in the other direction in the second identical birefringent plate as in the first step, where the second birefringent plate is about the plane of the incident plane of the light beam relative to the first birefringent plate The normal is rotated 180 degrees. Similarly, two wave fields propagating in a common direction will also be combined at the exit surface of the device in a manner substantially free of optical path difference.

When light is incident on a birefringent body of the present invention in a vertical manner, the deflection angle introduced for an irregular beam is determined by the amount of birefringence and the orientation of the optical axis to the plane normal. The birefringent body has optical components The composition of an anisotropic (ie, birefringent) material, and its refractive index-ellipsoid is not a sphere, that is, the refractive index-ellipsoid has two or three major axes of different sizes. If the orientation of the optical axis is fixed, the sign of the birefringence determines whether it is deflected toward or away from the optical axis. For example, the orientation of the optical axis to the plane normal is fixed at 43 degrees. If the birefringence is positive, the deflection direction of the pointing vector of the irregular beam will be opposite to that when the birefringence is negative.

If the birefringent body of the present invention has the composition of an optically anisotropic (ie, birefringent) material, and its refractive index-ellipsoid is not a sphere, that is, the refractive index-ellipsoid has two or three With two major axes of different sizes, the pointing vectors of the two incident beams can also be laterally shifted according to the orientation of the refractive index-ellipsoid used, where this lateral shift is performed in different directions and with different offsets. The configuration of the birefringent body of the present invention must also be adjusted in accordance with the beam combination.

According to the present invention, a birefringent body in which the refractive index-ellipsoid has two or three major axes of different sizes can be manufactured and used, wherein the refractive index-ellipsoid is relative to the birefringent body or multiple such birefringent bodies The orientation of the internal positions of the formed thin plane parallel plates can be freely selected. Therefore, a plane parallel plate having different birefringence characteristics (especially negative birefringence and positive birefringence) and containing the birefringent body of the present invention can be combined into a layer stack performing optical functions.

Another advantage of the artificial birefringent body proposed by the present invention is that the birefringence of the wavelength used can be optimized, for example, the birefringence of red light-green light-blue light (RGB) can be optimized. This can be achieved using a layer stack consisting of a plane parallel plate containing the birefringent body of the present invention, where the dispersion produced by this layer stack is low.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the beam combining device of the present invention has two birefringent plates, and each birefringent plate includes a stack of at least two birefringent sub-plates containing the birefringent body of the present invention, wherein At least one sub-plate can achieve negative dispersion, and at least one sub-plate can achieve positive dispersion.

For example, when passing through such a beam combining device, the lateral shifts of the wave fields of three different wavelengths will produce negative dispersion in a birefringent sub-plate of the present invention in the first half step, and in the second half In the step, positive dispersion is generated in a birefringent sub-plate of the present invention, or in the first half step, positive dispersion is generated in a birefringent sub-plate of the present invention, and in the second half step Negative dispersion occurs in a birefringent sub-plate of the present invention, and the deviations introduced for the three colors are made as small as possible from each other. If the second birefringent plate also contains another sub-plate with negative dispersion and a sub-plate with positive dispersion, the positions of these two sub-plates are relative to the first one with birefringent sub-plates. The stacked birefringent plate is rotated 90 degrees, or it also contains another stacked half-wavelength plate located on the first with two birefringent sub-plates that generate negative dispersion and positive dispersion, respectively, which has two stacks around the first The two birefringent sub-plates that are rotated by 180 degrees can form a beam combining device. This beam combining device enables the wave fields of two adjacent pixels with different polarizations to pass through the two birefringent plates. Combine into a complex pixel in a manner that is essentially independent of dispersion and has no optical path difference.

The advantage of the optical beam combining device of the present invention is that the size of the manufactured optical beam combining device is incapable of using the prior art quartz plate or calcite plate and optical inactive volume grating due to the use of the birefringent body of the present invention. Or hard to reach. In particular, a birefringent flat plate having a sufficient thickness which can be applied to a display of 45 inches or even larger can be manufactured. In addition, compared with the use of a quartz plate or a calcite plate, another advantage of the present invention is that the manufacturing cost is lower.

In addition, another advantage of applying the "manufactured" birefringent body of the present invention to an optical beam combination device is that it can have a large degree of freedom to achieve the desired optical characteristics, especially the magnitude of the birefringence and dispersion, and the sign of the sign .

According to the optical beam combining device of the present invention, the optical delay element also has a birefringent body, and this birefringent body contains components of an optically anisotropic birefringent material, and these components are buried in Optically transparent matrix. Therefore, the order of the birefringent plate and / or the birefringent plate and the optical delay element required by the beam combination device of the present invention can be sequentially manufactured by the same process, or even manufactured in the same process.

Therefore, according to another embodiment of the optical beam combining device of the present invention, the optical delay element further has a birefringent body of the present invention as described above.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the optical beam combining device further includes a polarizing element of the present invention as described below.

The device-related object of the present invention can be achieved by using a polarizing element having the characteristics of the scope of the patent application. The contents of the attached patent application item attached to item 23 of the scope of patent application are various related advantageous implementation and improvement methods.

The polarizing element of the present invention has a birefringent body, and the birefringent body contains components of an optically anisotropic birefringent material, and these components are buried in an optically transparent matrix in the same orientation in space, where the optical components The composition of the anisotropic material has metallic properties.

Freely movable charge carriers, such as electrons, are a boundary condition for such polarizing elements. The moving charge carrier does not have to be moved within the line. A movement on a nano-ellipsoid is sufficient. If these ellipsoids are oriented, they also have polarization-dependent reflection and transmission functions.

The polarizing element of the present invention may also contain a birefringent body as described above, wherein the composition of the optically anisotropic material of the birefringent body has metallic characteristics.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the polarizing element of the present invention, the composition of the optically anisotropic material contains elliptical metallic nano-particles and / or carbon nanotubes having metallic characteristics.

For example, metal nano-particles that are oriented within and / or via a volume grating can be used. Carbon nanotubes can also be used as the embedding material, but the prerequisite is that the carbon nanotubes can make the charge carrier sufficiently mobile. It should be noted here that the mobility of the charge carrier is related to the shape of the carbon nanotube, and may change between pure dielectric, semi-conductivity and metal conductivity. Even if the metal carbon nanotubes or metal oval nano-particles are embedded, the material produced is not a metal material. And this material is non-conductive, because only the buried nano particles have metallic properties, and the metal properties are limited to the nano particles.

The method related to the present invention can be achieved by adopting the method having the characteristics of the scope of application for patent No. 25. The content of the attached patent application item attached to item 25 of the scope of patent application is various related advantageous implementation and improvement methods.

The method for manufacturing a birefringent body proposed by the present invention includes the following steps:
-Mix a matrix base material with an optically anisotropic birefringent material. At the end of this step, the mixture is usually homogeneous. After the steps of the present invention are completed, especially after inputting energy, a material that will become an optically transparent solid matrix is selected as the matrix base material.
-Through the action of the external field and / or the interaction with the base material of the matrix, the optically anisotropic material has the same spatial orientation in the mixture. This is different from manufacturing many diffractive optically active gratings (that is, gratings that diffract the used light rays) in that no external alignment assistance is required.
-Enter the energy again to cure the matrix base material under the influence of the components with the same spatial orientation. This step forms a buried space in the optically transparent matrix with the same oriented components.

A special embodiment of the method for manufacturing a birefringent body of the present invention has at least two of the following three steps:
-Mixing matrix-base materials with optically anisotropic components;
-Orientation of optically anisotropic birefringent materials;
-Parallel to time or at least part of time under the influence of components with the same orientation in space and using matrix curing. Usually this involves the orientation of the birefringent components, which will not maintain their orientation until the optically transparent matrix is cured.

Depending on the selected matrix base material, a special embodiment of the method for manufacturing a birefringent body of the present invention is that a conversion reaction occurs during the curing of the matrix base material. It is therefore possible to polymerize monomers or oligomers. There are many other reactions that can produce a cured optically transparent matrix upon input of energy and / or in the corresponding environment. Such as fully oxidized silicon or zinc.

According to an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a birefringent body of the present invention, the optical anisotropy can be determined by the steps of mixing a matrix-base material with an optically anisotropic component and / or orienting the optically anisotropic birefringent material. The profile of the composition of the heterogeneous material in the cured matrix. As mentioned earlier, it is common practice to try to achieve a uniform distribution of birefringent components. But if necessary, another possible way is to achieve a non-uniform distribution profile to improve the birefringence characteristics in the birefringence body. Compared to the use of quartz plates and calcite plates as birefringent bodies, the method of the present invention provides one more option in this respect.

There are different possibilities to achieve the orientation of the optically anisotropic birefringent material and / or the curing of the matrix base material.

One embodiment of the method for manufacturing a birefringent body of the present invention is to use laser and / or an electric field and / or a magnetic field to achieve the orientation of the optically anisotropic material and / or the curing of the matrix. The method of generating such an electric and / or magnetic field is to place a magnet or an electrode outside the mixture composed of the matrix base material and the birefringence, and close to the mixture, so that the mixture is within the range of the electric and / or magnetic field. If the laser is used to achieve the orientation of the components of the optically anisotropic material and / or the curing of the substrate, the method is to irradiate the material with a large area of the laser, or according to a specific pattern determined by the internal structure of the substrate to be achieved. Laser irradiation material.

Another embodiment of the method for manufacturing a birefringent body of the present invention is to realize the orientation of the components of the optically anisotropic material and / or the curing of the matrix using flood light exposure. The so-called flood exposure refers to irradiating all mixtures uniformly and at the same time without using a mask device, because using a mask device will only irradiate a specific range, and / or form interference planes in space and the material to be irradiated.

Another embodiment of the method for manufacturing a birefringent body of the present invention is to use two-beam interference exposure or multi-beam interference exposure to orient the components of the optically anisotropic material and / or cure the matrix. This can also be done through two different exposures, where a coherent beam is used in the same exposure, but the two exposures are incoherent beams between each other. So there will be a periodic structure in each direction,

Spatial interference pattern Two-beam interference or multi-beam interference can generate a spatial interference pattern. For example, this spatial interference pattern will trigger a polymerization reaction at a place where a high dose is input. Gratings that form a periodic structure enable the birefringent component to be oriented.

The spatial interference pattern can also directly cause separation of the components dissolved in the mixture. This separation can then be immobilized, for example, using planar non-coherent UV exposure. Due to the interaction with the radiation field of light, the metal nano-particles will be moved to the low-dose input range, which is the darker range in the interference pattern. Inductive and permanent bipolar are also spatially oriented in the interference pattern.

According to a special embodiment of the method of the present invention, when using this exposure method, the exposure step is performed with the assistance of a graphic, that is, with the assistance of a "copy model". This is a volume grating used as a mask and has the same grating period as the volume grating to be generated. This volume grating to be determined determines at which position the energy should be input into the matrix base material and a mixture of birefringent components through exposure. . For example, if a pattern grating is illuminated with a plane wave, and the diffraction rate of this plane wave is about 50%, the 0th and 1st diffraction orders will produce a high-contrast interference pattern after the pattern grating. The initial mixture is exposed.

A special embodiment of the method for manufacturing a birefringent body of the present invention includes the following steps:
-Mix the components of a (uniform) volume grating material with an optically anisotropic material. The choice of volume grating material has nothing to do with the way the grating diffracts light, but should prevent diffraction from occurring. The corresponding volume grating matrix can be manufactured using known materials and known methods as the spatial orientation and buried orientation and filling framework and / or alignment matrix of the birefringent component.
-Two-beam interference exposure or three-beam interference exposure of a volume grating that is optically inactive (does not cause diffraction) through its period at all wavelengths of the light used, making optical anisotropy in a time-parallel manner The components of the material form the same spatial orientation and the volume grating material is cured, wherein the components of the optically anisotropic material are oriented and fixed in the same manner in the formed optically inactive volume grating matrix. In other words, the above-listed known materials should be used in a manner that does not cause diffraction: although the volume grating is exposed by a general method, due to the selected grating period, the wavelength relative to the light to be used and / Or the relationship between the exposure direction of all wavelengths of visible light and the incident angle of light, so no diffraction occurs. Under no circumstances will the Bragg diffraction conditions be met. The volume grating produced in this way is inactive in diffraction and is therefore an artificial dielectric, but contains birefringent components distributed in the grating and having the same spatial orientation, and these birefringent components will birefringently The properties imparted to the formed birefringent body.

The optically inactive volume grating matrix can account for approximately 50% of the total volume. If the embedded components are aligned with each other, the proportion of the optically inactive volume grating matrix as the alignment matrix to the total volume can be reduced to less than 25%.

A special embodiment of the method for manufacturing a birefringent body of the present invention is to expose and polymerize a volume grating material containing a polymerizable asymmetric monomer and / or oligomer by two-beam interference or three-beam interference.

In addition, in one embodiment of the method of the present invention, a liquid crystal is used as a component of the optically anisotropic material. Liquid crystal has a function of birefringence. In addition, if the birefringence characteristic is to be changed through the control element and / or the adjustment element, it is relatively easy to affect the liquid crystal to change the birefringence characteristic.

Another advantage of this embodiment is that in addition to orienting the liquid crystal monomer / liquid crystal oligomer / liquid crystal polymer on a molecule inclined to the surface, and / or the liquid crystal monomer / liquid crystal oligomer / liquid crystal polymer In addition to directing on the ultraviolet radiation electric field, it also provides a way to orient a thicker layer with a very high directional polarization.

Another embodiment of the method for producing a birefringent body of the present invention is to polymerize the liquid crystal contained in the birefringent component through energy input. By doing so, the spatial orientation of these components can be better fixed, especially relative to the position of the optical axis that has a direct influence on the birefringence properties of the birefringent body to be manufactured.

There are a number of different possibilities. The theory of the invention can be implemented and improved in an advantageous way, and / or the previously described embodiments can be combined with each other. These possibilities are described in the patent application items 1, 8 and 18 of the scope of patent application, as well as in the following description of advantageous embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings.

P1, P2. ． ． Raster plane

SP, SP1, SP2. ． ． Birefringent plate

Pi1, Pi2, PK. ． ． Pixel

HWP. ． ． Structured half-wavelength plate

SLM. ． ． Light modulator

LC. ． ． liquid crystal

BC. ． ． Optical beam combination device

WGP. ． ． 45 degree polarizer

VG. ． ． Optical inactive volume grating

E1, E2. ． ． Two-beam interference exposure

F. ． ． In front of

S. ． ． side

SP1T1, SP1T2, SP2T1, SP2T2. ． ． Birefringent body and daughter plate

CNT. ． ． Metal Nanoparticles and / or Carbon Nanotubes

In the following, in addition to the advantageous embodiments of the present invention described in conjunction with the drawings, there are also descriptions of advantageous embodiments and improvements of the theory of the present invention.

The contents of the drawings are:
Figure 1: A perspective view of two directional structures formed by continuous exposure to make a birefringent body of the present invention.
Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c: Top views of two directional structures formed by continuous exposure.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the optical beam combining device of the present invention, wherein the optical beam combining device includes a flat plate having the birefringent body of the present invention.
4a and 4b: a plan view and a side view of an optical beam combining device capable of combining light beams in a manner without optical path difference according to the present invention.
Figures 5a, 5b, and 5c: Schematic diagrams showing the imaging of three possible variations of the beam combination of two phase pixels to be combined in different orientations when using the optical beam combining device of the present invention (projected on a plane And top view).
Figures 6a and 6b: Top and side views of an optical beam combination device capable of combining light beams of different wavelengths (such as red light-green light-blue light) in a manner that has no optical path difference and no dispersion / low dispersion in the present invention Illustration.
Figure 7: Principle and mode of operation of the polarizing element of the present invention.

In order to manufacture a birefringent body, a holographic volume grating material is used as a matrix material (for example, a liquid photopolymerization mixture (for example, the predecessors of the following products: DuPont: HRF, Omnidx: Bayer Material Science: HX), and a PMMA, PVA Or urethane-acrylic-based photopolymerization mixture, or a mixture of the pre-polymers PN393 (Merk) and 1,1,1,3,3,3,3-isopropyl alcohol (Sigma-Aldrich) and The components of the optically anisotropic birefringent material (including liquid crystal (LC), such as E7, E8, E49, TL205 (Nerck)) are uniformly mixed. WO 2011/054792 A1 describes in detail the composition of the holographic volume grating material (ie, a photopolymerization mixture) used.

E1 and E2 are then exposed through two mutually independent and irrelevant two-beam interference, where the direction and period of E1 and E2 will cause them to be optically inactive at all wavelengths of the light used (without causing diffraction) ) Volume grating, in a time-parallel manner, the components containing liquid crystal (LC) form the same spatial orientation, and the volume grating material is cured, wherein the components of the optically anisotropic material are in the optically inactive volume grating matrix formed Oriented and fixed in the same way.

The first exposure shown in Figure 1 forms a periodic structure in the observed volume. The plane formed by the first exposure-induced polymerization is represented by the element symbol P1. The period becomes shorter as the exposure wavelength becomes shorter and the angle between the imaging beam becomes larger. The tilt position of the plane P1 is determined by the bisector of the imaging beam. The second exposure forms another periodic structure in the observed volume. The plane formed by the second exposure-induced polymerization is represented by the element symbol P2. The two exposures E1 and E2 can be performed simultaneously, for example, using two lasers that are irrelevant to each other.

Figure 2 shows a plan view of the planes P1 and P2 of the two directional structures formed by successive exposures E1 and E2. The first exposure E1 forms the plane P1 in Figure 2a and the second exposure forms the plane P2 in Figure 2b. , And finally combined into the overall directional structure in Fig. 2c, that is, an optically inactive volume grating (VG) is not generated.

Since the requirements for exposure of such volume gratings that are optically inactive (do not cause diffraction) are much smaller, it is easier to achieve such exposures than to achieve exposure of volume gratings that are optically active (that cause diffraction). a lot of. After exposure, the birefringent component containing liquid crystal LC will be oriented in the volume grating matrix VG. At the same time, the volume grating matrix VG also serves as the filling frame. The birefringent component containing liquid crystal LC is fixed in this filling frame for a long time. Directional. Therefore, the birefringent body of the present invention can achieve a larger size, especially a larger thickness d.

The volume grating VG produced in this way is an optically inactive (does not cause diffraction) transparent volume grating, that is, an artificial dielectric. However, the birefringent liquid crystal LC-containing components that are distributed in the grating and have the same spatial orientation are included. At the same time, these birefringent components will impart their birefringent properties to the formed birefringent body.

The birefringent flat plate SP containing the birefringent body of the present invention manufactured in this way is applied to the optical beam combining device BC of the present invention to generate a plurality of pixels, wherein the birefringent body of the present invention contains birefringents having the same spatial qualitative properties. The components of the liquid crystal LC are refracted, and these components are firmly buried in a transparent volume grating VG that is optically inactive (does not cause diffraction). Fig. 3 shows a side view of such an optical beam combining device BC. The optical beam combination device BC has a light modulator SLM including pixels Pi2 and Pi2 configuration, a structured half-wavelength plate HWP (which functions to change the polarization direction of light of a pixel Pi of a part of the light modulator SLM), and a birefringent plate ( SP) and a 45-degree polarizing element WGP for analysis. The structure of the structured half-wavelength plate HWP is mainly determined by the size of the columns and rows containing the pixels Pi of the light modulator SLM.

The grating tilt angle γ of the grating plane P1 of the birefringent plate SP containing the birefringent body perpendicular to the projection plane in FIG. 3 is 43 degrees, where the grating tilt angle γ is the tilt angle of the grating to the base of the birefringent plate SP. The grating tilt angle of the grating plane P2 parallel to this projection plane is 90 degrees. In both directions, the grating period is selected so that all wavelengths of visible light are not diffracted. The thickness d of the selected flat plate SP containing the birefringent body is such that two pixels Pi1 and Pi2 of different polarizations can pass through the birefringent flat plate SP to combine into a plurality of pixels PK, where the irregular light beam TM (parallel When passing through the birefringent plate SP, it will be laterally shifted by one pixel width, so after leaving the birefringent plate SP, it can interfere with the regular beam TE (vertically polarized light). The directions of propagation of mutually interfering beams are essentially the same.

For some applications, a symmetric optical path is advantageous or even necessary. The purpose of making the optical path symmetrical is to prevent the optical path difference OPD from appearing between the two optical paths through the optical medium, especially after the two optical paths pass through the optical medium that shifts them laterally, they should interfere with each other at a specific position. This is important for devices that can and / or should operate with light with less time coherence or spatial coherence that does not match the lateral offset of the optical path. This symmetry can be formed before the modulation unit, for example, the pixels of the spatial light modulator SLM, that is, in the incident illumination unit or the light transmission illumination unit (front light illumination or backlight illumination) to avoid the optical path difference.

However, it is also possible to form this symmetry behind the plane of such a light modulator SLM, for example in the far field. The optical beam combining device BC regularly uses this method.

Figures 4a and 4b show a possible variation of this device in a schematic way. The function of this device is to make the two phase pixels Pi1 and Pi2 of different orientations to form a beam with substantially no optical path difference. Combination, where this device includes two birefringent plates SP1, SP2 with birefringent bodies that rotate 90 degrees around each other, and the birefringent plates SP1, SP2 each have an optical axis at an angle of about 45 degrees to the plane normal . Figure 4a shows a top view and Figure 4b shows a side view. Figures 4a and 4b show that the first birefringent plate SP1 shifts the first wave field laterally and the second birefringent plate SP2 shifts the second wave field laterally, so that the wave field Combined at the exit surface of the device, where the wave fields are preferably centered on each other and propagate in a common direction. The two orthogonally polarized wave fields that are centered on each other and propagate in the same direction have interference ability, and a polarization filter WGP is provided at the output end of the device.

For example, if one TE polarization and one TM polarization are used as the input polarization, the TM polarized beam is an irregular beam to the first birefringent plate SP1, and the TE polarized beam is a regular beam to the first birefringent plate SP1. , The Pointing vector of the TM polarized beam will be laterally shifted, but the Pointing vector of the TE polarized beam will not be laterally shifted. A second identical birefringent plate SP2 is set, in which the second birefringent plate SP2 is rotated 90 degrees about the plane normal of the incident surface of the beam with respect to the first birefringent plate SP1, so the orientation of the optical axis of the birefringent material TE polarization and TM polarization exchange may occur. This means that the beam that was not shifted when passing through the first birefringent plate SP1 will be shifted in the second birefringent plate SP2, and the beam that is not shifted in the first birefringent plate SP1 will be shifted. After the second birefringent plate SP2, it will not be laterally shifted. The second birefringent plate SP2 is rotated 90 degrees relative to the first birefringent plate SP1 to exchange the operations applied to the TE polarized beam and the TM polarized beam, that is, to shift in the orthogonal direction.

Rotating the second birefringent plate SP2 180 degrees relative to the first birefringent plate SP1 can also achieve the effect of exchanging offsets. One of the two birefringent plates SP1 and SP2 is placed between the two Structured half-wave plate. At this point, two offsets (each equal to half of the total offset) will occur on the same plane, but in opposite directions to each other. In order to reduce the number of components used, an advantageous approach is to use a configuration that does not require an additional half-wave plate. Therefore, this configuration is not shown here.

Figures 5a to 5c schematically show that when using the optical beam combination device BC of the present invention, looking from the front F and the side S, two projections in different directions in the projection direction of the beam are viewed. The imaging of three possible variations of the combined beams of the phase pixels Pi1 and Pi2. The beam combining device BC has one or two birefringent plates SP1 and / or P2 containing the birefringent body of the present invention and rotating relative to each other, wherein the birefringent plates SP1 and / or P2 are arranged on the phase pixel Pi1 containing the phase pixels to be combined. After Pi2's light modulation SLM, each of the birefringent plates SP1 and / or SP2 has an optical axis that rotates about 45 degrees around the plane normal. One polarization filter WGP is set at a position rotated 45 degrees with respect to the two output polarizations. Figures 5a to 5c show a single and combined pixel PK before the analyzer next to pixels Pi1 and Pi2, that is, a flat and combined pixel PK before the (unillustrated) polarization filter .

In the case of Fig. 5a, the optical beam combining device BC has only one birefringent plate SP. This device corresponds to the beam combining device BC in FIG. 3. The wavefront of the first pixel Pi1 will not be deflected when passing through the birefringent plate SP, but the wavefront of the pixel Pi2 polarized perpendicular to the pixel Pi1 will be deflected when passing through the birefringent plate SP. When an appropriate thickness d is selected for the birefringent flat plate SP, the wavefronts of the pixels Pi1 and Pi2 are combined into a complex pixel PK after passing through the beam combining device BC, and this complex pixel PK is located first in the front projection The position of pixel Pi1. However, this variation of the optical beam combining device may have an optical path difference.

In the case of FIG. 5b, the optical beam combining device BC has two birefringent plates SP1 and SP2 rotated 180 degrees from each other about their plane normal, and an unstructured structure is provided between the two birefringent plates SP1 and SP2. Half-wave plate.

Therefore, the wavefronts of the two pixels Pi1 and Pi2 are deflected as described above, and the generated complex pixel PK is located in the middle of the two pixels Pi1 and Pi2 in the forward projection. Because the two pixels travel the same distance, the beam combination in this variation is basically free of optical path difference.

In the case of Fig. 5c, the two birefringent plates SP1 and SP2 are rotated 90 degrees from each other about their plane normals. This corresponds to the optical beam combining device BC of FIGS. 4a and 4b. The two birefringent plates SP1 and SP2 each introduce a lateral offset ∣s _x ∣ = ∣s _y ∣ = ∣s ₁ ∣, where the offsets s _x and s _y introduced by the two plates are perpendicular to each other. The relative offset is: .

This device of two birefringent plates SP1, SP2 can be used as an optical beam combination device BC, so as to combine the phase values of two images Pi1, Pi2 into a complex value z of a complex pixel PK. Among them, the phase and intensity of the plurality of pixels PK can be selected. The pixels Pi1 and Pi2 to be combined are no longer adjacent to each other as usual, but are shifted in two directions x and y respectively ∣s _x ∣ = ∣s _y ∣ = ∣s ₁ ∣ Therefore the total offset (for (Corner) .

In the case where the incident angle of the light is slightly inclined from the direction perpendicular to s2, and under the condition that the birefringent plates SP1 and SP2 have the same structure and ∣s _x ∣ = ∣s _y ∣ = ∣s ₁ ∣, this device A relative optical path that is constant over the length of the two optical paths is produced, so the optical path difference between the two beams remains zero. Therefore, a slight angular error perpendicular to the direction of the beam combination will be offset by the relative phase between the two phase pixels to be combined.

Figures 6a and 6b schematically show a beam of different wavelengths (for example, red-green) capable of aligning two pixels to be combined Pi1 and Pi2 with different orientations in a non-optical path difference and no dispersion / low dispersion manner. Light-blue light) a top view (Fig. 6a) and a side view (Fig. 6b) of a possible variation of the optical beam combination device combined, wherein the device has two pairs that are rotated 90 degrees from each other and contain a pair of the invention The refractors and the sub-plates SP1T1, SP1T2, SP2T1, SP2T2 are birefringent plates SP1, SP2. The birefringent plates SP1, SP2 each have an optical axis at an angle of about 45 degrees to the plane normal.

This advantageous embodiment of the beam combining device of the present invention has two birefringent plates SP1, SP2, and each of the two plates has one birefringent sub-plate SP1T1, SP1T2 and A stack composed of SP2T1 and SP2T2, and at least one of the sub-plates SP1T1 and SP2T1 can achieve negative dispersion, and at least one of the sub-plates SP1T2 and SP2T2 can achieve positive dispersion. As described above, when passing through this beam combination device BC, the lateral shift of the wave fields of three different wavelengths will produce negative dispersion in a birefringent sub-plate SP1T1 of the present invention in the first half step, and In the second half step, positive dispersion is generated in a birefringent sub-plate SP1T2 of the present invention. The offsets introduced for the three colors are therefore slightly different from each other. If the second birefringent plate SP2 also contains a stack of another sub-plate SP2T1 that generates negative dispersion and a sub-plate SP2T2 that generates positive dispersion, but both sub-plates are positioned relative to the first one with birefringence The stacked birefringent plates SP1T1, SP1T2 are rotated 90 degrees. In this way, after passing through the two sub-plates SP2T1, SP2T2, the different dispersions that would originally occur at different wavelengths can be completely or at least nearly completely removed. In this way, the beam combination device BC can be used to make two adjacent pixels Pi2 of different polarizations, and the wave fields of the three colors (red-green-blue) of Pi2 pass through the two birefringent plates SP1 and SP2 to basically The non-dispersion / low-dispersion and non-optical path difference methods are combined into a complex pixel PK.

In addition, in the foregoing case, the birefringent body of the present invention can be used as a polarizing element WGP. However, such a polarizing element may be used alone in the optical beam combining device of the present invention. FIG. 7 illustrates the principle and mode of operation of the polarizing element WGP of the present invention. This element has a birefringent body containing metal nanoparticle and / or carbon nanotube CNT. The charge carrier has sufficient anisotropy mobility within the metal nanoparticle and / or carbon nanotube CNT. Therefore, the TM wave field is strongly interacted and reflected, and the vibration of the electrons in the TM wave field is parallel to the direction of mobility of the metal nanoparticle and / or the charge carrier in the carbon nanotube. The TE wave field is only subject to slight interactions and can pass through WGP, where the vibration of the electrons in the TE wave field is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the metal nanoparticle and / or the charge carrier in the carbon nanotube.

It should be particularly pointed out here that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the theory of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments in any way. In particular, the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined with each other.

Claims (36)

A birefringent body containing the components of an optically anisotropic birefringent material, which are buried in an optically transparent matrix in the same orientation in space, and are characterized in that the components of the optically anisotropic material are buried in a In an optically transparent matrix of an optically inactive volume grating (VG), the optically inactive volume grating (VG) does not cause diffraction to all wavelengths and incident angles of the light used. For example, the birefringent body under the scope of application for patent No. 1 in which the composition of the optically anisotropic material is very firmly buried in the optically transparent matrix. For example, the birefringent body of the first scope of the patent application, wherein the birefringence characteristics of the components of the optically anisotropic material can be changed through the control element and / or the adjustment element. For example, the birefringent body according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the scope of the patent application, wherein: the optically inactive volume grating (VG) is composed of a polymer produced by two-beam interference exposure or multi-beam interference exposure. For example, the birefringent body of the first patent application range, wherein the material of the optically transparent matrix also has the characteristics of birefringence. For example, the birefringent body of the first patent application scope, wherein the components of the optically anisotropic material buried in the matrix contain polymerizable monomers and / or oligomers. For example, the birefringent body of the first patent application scope, wherein: the material of the optically transparent matrix and the composition of the optically anisotropic material are selected to maximize the birefringence and minimize the proportion of scattered light. For example, the birefringent body of the first patent application scope, wherein the composition of the optically anisotropic birefringent material is embedded in the optically transparent matrix in the same orientation of the space period. For example, the birefringent body of the first patent application range, in which: the composition of the optically anisotropic birefringent material is placed in a plurality of specific directions in the same range of the birefringent body, so its refractive index-ellipsoid is in the Overlap in space. A polarizing element (WGP), which has a birefringent body that contains the components of an optically anisotropic birefringent material that are buried in an optically transparent matrix in the same orientation in space, or It is a birefringent body having any one of items 1 to 9 of the scope of patent application, wherein the formation of the optically anisotropic material has metallic characteristics. For example, the polarizing element (WGP) of the tenth aspect of the patent application, wherein the composition of the optically anisotropic material contains oval metal nano-particles and / or carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) having metal characteristics. An optical beam combining device (BC) for generating a plurality of pixels, which has a light modulator (SLM) including a pixel (Pi) configuration, an optical delay element (HWP), a birefringent plate (SP), and a polarizing element (WGP), which is characterized in that the birefringent plate (SP) has a birefringent body that contains components of an optically anisotropic birefringent material that are buried in an optical system in the same orientation in space In a transparent matrix, or two pixels having a birefringent body according to any one of the scope of claims 1 to 9 of the patent application, and the thickness (d) and / or other characteristics of the two pixels (Pi1, Pi1, Pi2) 's wave field can be combined into a complex pixel (PK) after passing through a birefringent plate (SP). For example, the optical beam combination device (BC) of the 12th patent application scope, wherein: the birefringent body has a matrix containing an optically inactive volume grating (VG), wherein the grating period (Λ ) And the grating tilt angle (γ) prevent all wavelengths of the light irradiating the birefringent body from being diffracted. For example, the optical beam combination device (BC) in the thirteenth patent application range, wherein the grating tilt angle (γ) of the birefringent plate (SP) is between 30 degrees and 50 degrees, or preferably between 42 degrees and 45 degrees. For example, the optical beam combination device (BC) of the 12th scope of the patent application, wherein the pixel pitch of each single color of the light modulator (SLM) is selected according to the lateral shift (s _i ) of its wavelength in the birefringent body. . For example, the optical beam combination device (BC) of any one of the 12th to the 14th in the scope of the patent application, wherein: the optical beam combination device has an appliance whose function is to match the light to a birefringent plate (SP) according to the wavelength of the light The angle of incidence is such that when all wavelengths of light pass through the beam combiner (BC), the beam shift is always the same. The optical beam combination device (BC) according to any one of the 12th to the 14th patent applications, wherein: it has a color apodization method-filter-aperture. For example, the optical beam combination device (BC) according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein: there is another birefringent plate (SP), and the birefringent plate (SP) has a birefringent body. The birefringent body contains the components of an optically anisotropic birefringent material, which are buried in an optically transparent matrix in the same orientation in space, or the birefringent plate (SP) has The birefringent body according to any one of clauses 9 to 9, wherein the two birefringent plates (SP1, SP2) of the optical beam combiner are arranged in such a manner that they are rotated at an angle about each other about their plane normals, and the thicknesses of the two (d) The wave fields of two adjacent pixels (Pi1, Pi2) with different polarizations can be combined into a complex pixel (PK) without optical path difference after passing through two birefringent plates (SP1, SP2). For example, the optical beam combination device (BC) of the 18th scope of the patent application, wherein: the first birefringent plate (SP1) and the second birefringent plate (SP2) each include at least two birefringent sub-plates (SP1T1 , SP1T2, ..., SP2T1, SP2T2), and at least one of the sub-plates can achieve negative dispersion, and at least one of the sub-plates can achieve positive dispersion. For example, the optical beam combination device (BC) of the 18th scope of the patent application, wherein: the second birefringent plate (SP2) is rotated 90 degrees about its plane normal relative to the first birefringent plate (SP1). For example, the optical beam combination device (BC) of the 18th patent application scope, wherein: the second birefringent plate (SP2) is rotated 180 degrees about its plane normal relative to the first birefringent plate (SP1), An unstructured half-wave plate is also provided between one birefringent plate (SP1) and the second birefringent plate (SP2). For example, the optical beam combination device (BC) of the 18th scope of the patent application, wherein the birefringent plate contained in the birefringent plate (SP1, SP2) has a variety of optically anisotropic birefringent material components, and its refractive index-ellipse The body has at least two major axes of different sizes. For example, the optical beam combination device (BC) according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein: the optical delay element (HWP) has a birefringent body, and the birefringent body contains optically anisotropic birefringence The composition of the materials, which are buried in an optically transparent matrix in the same orientation in space, or have a birefringent body as described in any of claims 1 to 9 of the scope of patent application. The optical beam combination device (BC) according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the polarizing element (WGP) is provided as described in claim 10 or 11. A method for manufacturing a birefringent body, wherein:-a matrix base material is mixed with an optically anisotropic birefringent material;-through the action of an external field and / or with a matrix without the assistance of external alignment The interaction of the basic materials makes the optically anisotropic materials have the same spatial orientation in the mixture;-Entering the energy again, the matrix basic materials are solidified by the influence of the components with the same spatial orientation, and are embedded in the optically transparent matrix. The same oriented components of space. For example, the method for manufacturing a birefringent body under the scope of application of the patent No. 25, wherein: there are at least two of the following three steps: mixing the matrix-base material with the optically anisotropic component; mixing the optically anisotropic double Refractive material orientation; under the influence of components with the same orientation in space, in parallel with time or at least with the time portion and using matrix curing. For example, the method for manufacturing a birefringent body in the 25th or 26th scope of the patent application, wherein the components of the optically anisotropic material are fixed in the matrix base material during the curing of the matrix material. The method for manufacturing a birefringent body according to any one of claims 25 to 26, wherein: by mixing a matrix-base material with an optically anisotropic component and / or optically anisotropic birefringence The material orientation step determines the distribution profile of the components of the optically anisotropic material in the cured matrix. For example, the method for manufacturing a birefringent body according to any one of claims 25 to 26, wherein: using laser and / or electric field and / or magnetic field to realize the sub-orientation and / or composition of the optically anisotropic material The curing of the matrix. For example, the method for manufacturing a birefringent body according to any one of the 25th to 26th aspects of the patent application, wherein: the flooding exposure is used to realize the sub-orientation of the components of the optically anisotropic material and / or the curing of the matrix. The method for manufacturing a birefringent body according to any one of claims 25 to 26 in the scope of patent application, wherein: using two-beam interference exposure or three-beam interference exposure to realize the sub-orientation and / or matrix of the components of the optically anisotropic material Of curing. For example, the method for manufacturing a birefringent body according to item 31 of the application, wherein the exposure step is performed through a pattern. For example, the method of manufacturing a birefringent body according to item 31 of the patent application, wherein:-mixing a (homogeneous) volume grating material with the components of an optically anisotropic material;-passing through its period to the light used All wavelengths will produce two-beam interference exposure or three-beam interference exposure of optically inactive (non-diffractive) volume grating (VG), which will make the components of optically anisotropic materials form the same spatial orientation in a time-parallel manner. And curing the volume grating material, wherein the components of the optically anisotropic material are oriented and fixed in the same manner in the formed optically inactive volume grating matrix. For example, the method for manufacturing a birefringent body according to item 33 of the patent application, wherein the volume grating material containing the polymerizable asymmetric monomer and / or oligomer is exposed and polymerized by two-beam interference or three-beam interference. For example, the method for manufacturing a birefringent body according to item 33 or item 34 of the patent application scope, wherein the component of the optically anisotropic material contains liquid crystal (LC). For example, the method for manufacturing a birefringent body according to item 35 of the application, wherein: inputting energy causes the liquid crystal (LC) to polymerize.