TWI609548B - Wireless charger protection device - Google Patents
Wireless charger protection device Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明為提供一種無線充電器之保護裝置,尤指一種充電時可避免多數金屬物質之存在而過熱的現象,並可解決無法在有薄形金屬異物的狀況中充電之問題的無線充電器之保護裝置。 The invention provides a protection device for a wireless charger, in particular, a phenomenon that can avoid overheating by the presence of most metal substances during charging, and can solve the problem of a wireless charger that cannot be charged in the condition of having a thin metal foreign object. protective device.
按,所謂的無線充電也稱為非接觸式感應充電,主要是由充電器透過電感耦合將能量傳送給用電設備,用電設備接收到能量後即對電池充電;當充電器與用電設備的距離較遠時,即採用電感耦合設計。由於充電器與用電設備之間是利用近場感應方式傳送能量,其間無須使用電源線連接,故具有安全、耐用及便利等諸多優點。 Press, the so-called wireless charging is also called non-contact inductive charging, mainly because the charger transmits energy to the powered device through inductive coupling, and the battery is charged after receiving the energy; when the charger and the powered device Inductive coupling design is used when the distance is long. Since the energy is transmitted between the charger and the powered device by means of near-field sensing, there is no need to use a power cord connection, so it has many advantages such as safety, durability and convenience.
藉由上述供電模組(充電器)及受電模組(用電設備)所具備之線圈間之感應現象,使磁場耦合而進行無線電力傳送時,有必要使受電模組接近供電模組,配置於可自供電模組對受電模組供電之距離(可供電區域)而使用。此種使用過程中,若於供電模組附近放置金屬異物,則金屬異物會受磁場影響而產生渦電流。若產生此渦電流,則有導致金屬異物或供電模組產生過熱之情形。尤以手機為例,多款較具質感之背蓋皆為金屬材質,而導致無線充電時出現過熱的問題。 When the magnetic field is coupled and the wireless power is transmitted by the induction phenomenon between the coils of the power supply module (charger) and the power receiving module (electrical equipment), it is necessary to make the power receiving module close to the power supply module. It can be used in the distance (power supply area) that the self-powered module can supply power to the power receiving module. During such use, if a metal foreign object is placed in the vicinity of the power supply module, the metal foreign matter is affected by the magnetic field to generate an eddy current. If this eddy current is generated, there is a case where the metal foreign matter or the power supply module is overheated. In particular, in the case of mobile phones, a variety of more textured back covers are made of metal, which causes overheating during wireless charging.
為解決上述問題,市面上遂研發出一種利用磁共振原理進行無線充電之技術。利用此技術充電時,即使在可供電區域中出現金屬異物,也不會發生上述問題,然而仍有少數金屬材質會出現過熱狀況,例如:光碟(compact disk,CD)、數位視訊碟(Digital Video Disc,DVD)等薄形金屬,因此過去只能捨棄此類薄形金屬的充電需求。 In order to solve the above problems, the market has developed a technology for wireless charging using the principle of magnetic resonance. When using this technology to charge, even if there is metal foreign matter in the power supply area, the above problem will not occur, but there are still a few metal materials will be overheated, such as: compact disk (CD), digital video disc (Digital Video Thin metal such as Disc, DVD), so in the past can only abandon the charging needs of such thin metal.
是以,要如何解決上述習用之問題與缺失,即為本發明之申請人與從事此行業之相關廠商所亟欲研究改善之方向所在者。 Therefore, how to solve the above-mentioned problems and deficiencies of the above-mentioned applications is the applicant who is interested in researching and improving the direction of the applicants and related manufacturers engaged in the industry.
故,本發明之申請人有鑑於上述缺失,乃蒐集相關資料,經由多方評估及考量,並以從事於此行業累積之多年經驗,經由不斷試作及修改,始設計出此種充電時可避免多數金屬物質之存在而過熱的現象,並可解決無法在有薄形金屬異物的狀況中充電之問題的無線充電器之保護裝置的發明專利者。 Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies, the applicant of the present invention collects relevant information, evaluates and considers it through multiple parties, and has accumulated many years of experience in the industry, and through trial and modification, it is possible to avoid designing such a charge. A phenomenon in which the presence of a metal substance is overheated, and an inventor of a protection device for a wireless charger that cannot be charged in a state in which a thin metal foreign object is not charged can be solved.
本發明之主要目的在於:利用磁共振的無線充電技術,在無線充電過程中,讓大部分薄形金屬避免出現溫度上升的情況。 The main purpose of the present invention is to use the wireless charging technology of magnetic resonance to prevent most of the thin metal from rising in temperature during the wireless charging process.
本發明之另一主要目的在於:即使存在金屬異物,亦可在保護機制下進行無線充電。 Another main object of the present invention is to perform wireless charging under a protection mechanism even in the presence of metallic foreign matter.
為達上述目的,本發明之結構包括:一充電座本體及至少一選擇性置放於該充電座本體上之待充裝置,該充電座本體內設有一無線充電傳輸模組,且該無線充電傳輸模組係包含一磁共振單元,係以磁共振之方式選擇性對該待充裝置進行無線充電,該待充裝置內則設有一無線充電接收模組,係與該無線充電傳輸模組配合作動,一設於該待充裝置內之資訊傳遞模組,係供傳遞該待充裝置之阻抗資訊,並於該充電座本體內設置一阻抗偵測模組,係供偵測該待充裝置之阻抗值,並具有一電性連結該阻抗偵測模組之限電模組,係於該阻抗值大於預定阻抗值時,停止該無線充電傳輸模組之動作或降低其輸出功率,再將該阻抗偵測模組及該限電模組電性連結一資訊接收模組,以供接收該阻抗資訊,而限制該限電模組之動作,此外充電座本體內設有一電流控制單元,且電流控制單元包含一計算模組,計算模組供計算阻抗值之變化量,以調整電流控制單元之輸出電流;俾當使用者將本發明用於待充裝置(如手機)之無線充電時,因無線充電傳輸模組係利用磁共振單元進行無線充電動作,故在無線充電範圍中存在金屬異物,大部分的情況仍可透過無線充電傳輸模組及無線充電接收模組的配合作動,維持正常充電而不過熱,但若阻抗偵測模組因測得金屬異物導致偵測結果顯示阻抗值過高時,則先由資訊接收模組確認,是否接收到資訊傳遞模組的阻抗資訊,若否則判定為不安全因素而啟動限電模組,以停止充電或降低輸出功率,若有則表示雖範圍內存在之金屬異物,但其產生之阻抗為該待充裝置充電時之允許阻抗值,而允許進行充電,另於待充裝置為複數時,透過計算模組計算阻抗值之變化量來調整電流控制單元之輸出電流,使各待充裝置接收 相同之電流值以維持充電效率。 In order to achieve the above objective, the structure of the present invention comprises: a charging stand body and at least one device to be charged selectively placed on the charging stand body, wherein the charging stand body is provided with a wireless charging transmission module, and the wireless charging The transmission module includes a magnetic resonance unit for selectively charging the device to be charged by magnetic resonance, and the wireless charging receiving module is disposed in the charging device, and the wireless charging transmission module is matched with the wireless charging transmission module. Actuating, an information transmission module disposed in the device to be charged is configured to transmit impedance information of the device to be charged, and an impedance detecting module is disposed in the charging body to detect the device to be charged The impedance value has a power limiting module electrically connected to the impedance detecting module, and when the impedance value is greater than a predetermined impedance value, stopping the operation of the wireless charging transmission module or reducing the output power thereof, and then The impedance detecting module and the power limiting module are electrically connected to an information receiving module for receiving the impedance information, and limiting the action of the power limiting module, and further comprising a current control unit in the charging base And the current control unit comprises a calculation module for calculating a change amount of the impedance value to adjust the output current of the current control unit; when the user uses the invention for wireless charging of the device to be charged (such as a mobile phone) Since the wireless charging transmission module uses the magnetic resonance unit for wireless charging operation, metal foreign matter exists in the wireless charging range, and most of the cases can still be maintained through the cooperation of the wireless charging transmission module and the wireless charging receiving module. Normal charging without overheating, but if the impedance detection module detects the metal foreign object and the detection result shows that the impedance value is too high, the information receiving module first confirms whether the impedance information of the information transmission module is received. Otherwise, it is determined that the power-limiting module is activated to stop charging or reduce the output power. If there is, it indicates that there is a metal foreign matter in the range, but the impedance generated is the allowable impedance value when the device to be charged is charged. The charging is allowed, and when the device to be charged is plural, the calculation module calculates the amount of change in the impedance value to adjust the current control unit. Current, so that each charging device receives The same current value is used to maintain charging efficiency.
藉由上述技術,可針對習用無線充電技術所存在之充電時有金屬異物時會過熱、及以磁共振技術充電時無法對薄形金屬充電等問題點加以突破,達到上述優點之實用進步性。 According to the above technique, it is possible to achieve a practical progress in solving the above problems by overheating when there is metal foreign matter during charging during charging in the conventional wireless charging technology and charging of the thin metal when charging by magnetic resonance technology.
1‧‧‧充電座本體 1‧‧‧Charging stand body
11‧‧‧無線充電傳輸模組 11‧‧‧Wireless Charging Transmission Module
111‧‧‧磁共振單元 111‧‧‧ Magnetic resonance unit
12‧‧‧資訊接收模組 12‧‧‧Information receiving module
13‧‧‧阻抗偵測模組 13‧‧‧Impedance Detection Module
14‧‧‧限電模組 14‧‧‧Power limiting module
141‧‧‧辨識模組 141‧‧‧ Identification Module
15‧‧‧電流控制單元 15‧‧‧ Current Control Unit
151‧‧‧計算模組 151‧‧‧Computation Module
2‧‧‧待充裝置 2‧‧‧waiting device
21‧‧‧無線充電接收模組 21‧‧‧Wireless Charging Receiver Module
22‧‧‧資訊傳遞模組 22‧‧‧Information Transfer Module
23‧‧‧金屬背蓋 23‧‧‧Metal back cover
第一圖 係為本發明較佳實施例之立體透視圖。 The first figure is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
第二圖 係為本發明較佳實施例之結構方塊圖。 The second drawing is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
第三圖 係為本發明較佳實施例之決策方塊圖。 The third figure is a decision block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第四圖 係為本發明較佳實施例之實施示意圖(一)。 The fourth drawing is a schematic diagram (I) of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第五圖 係為本發明較佳實施例之實施示意圖(二)。 The fifth drawing is a schematic diagram (2) of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第六圖 係為本發明較佳實施例之實施示意圖(三)。 Figure 6 is a schematic view (3) of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第七圖 係為本發明較佳實施例之複數充電示意圖。 Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of chargings in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
為達成上述目的及功效,本發明所採用之技術手段及構造,茲繪圖就本發明較佳實施例詳加說明其特徵與功能如下,俾利完全了解。 In order to achieve the above objects and effects, the technical means and the structure of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
請參閱第一圖及第二圖所示,係為本發明較佳實施例之立體透視圖及結構方塊圖,由圖中可清楚看出本發明係包括:一充電座本體1;至少一待充裝置2,係選擇性置放於該充電座本體1上,本實施例之待充裝置2係以智慧型手機、平板電腦等行動電子裝置為代表;一設於該充電座本體1內之無線充電傳輸模組11,且該無線充電傳輸模組11係包含一磁共振單元111,係以磁共振之方式選擇性對該待充裝置2進行無線充電;一設於該待充裝置2內之無線充電接收模組21,係與該無線充電傳輸模組11配合作動;一設於該待充裝置2內之資訊傳遞模組22,係供傳遞該待充裝置2之阻抗資訊;一設於該充電座本體1內之阻抗偵測模組13,係供偵測該待充裝置2之阻抗值; 一電性連結該阻抗偵測模組13之限電模組14,係於該阻抗值大於預定阻抗值時,停止該無線充電傳輸模組11之動作或降低該無線充電傳輸模組11之輸出功率,且該限電模組14係包含一辨識模組141,係供辨別該阻抗值是否大於該預定阻抗值;及一電性連結該阻抗偵測模組13及該限電模組14之資訊接收模組12,係供接收該阻抗資訊,而限制該限電模組14之動作;及一電流控制單元15,該電流控制單元15包含一計算模組151,該計算模組151供計算該阻抗值之變化量,以調整該電流控制單元15之輸出電流,使該待充裝置2為複數時,各該待充裝置2接收相同之電流值。 Referring to the first and second figures, which are perspective views and structural block diagrams of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be apparent from the drawings that the present invention includes: a charging stand body 1; at least one The charging device 2 is selectively disposed on the charging stand body 1. The device to be charged 2 in the embodiment is represented by a mobile electronic device such as a smart phone or a tablet computer; and is disposed in the charging stand body 1 The wireless charging transmission module 11 includes a magnetic resonance unit 111 for selectively charging the device to be charged 2 by magnetic resonance; one of the charging devices 2 is disposed in the charging device 2 The wireless charging receiving module 21 cooperates with the wireless charging transmission module 11; an information transmission module 22 disposed in the to-be-charged device 2 is configured to transmit impedance information of the to-be-charged device 2; The impedance detecting module 13 in the charging stand body 1 is configured to detect the impedance value of the device 2 to be charged; The power limiting module 14 electrically connected to the impedance detecting module 13 stops the operation of the wireless charging transmission module 11 or reduces the output of the wireless charging transmission module 11 when the impedance value is greater than a predetermined impedance value. The power-receiving module 14 includes an identification module 141 for discriminating whether the impedance value is greater than the predetermined impedance value, and electrically connecting the impedance detecting module 13 and the limiting module 14 The information receiving module 12 is configured to receive the impedance information and limit the action of the power limiting module 14; and a current control unit 15 including a computing module 151 for calculating The amount of change in the impedance value is used to adjust the output current of the current control unit 15 so that the to-be-charged device 2 receives the same current value when the device to be charged 2 is plural.
其中該資訊接收模組12及該資訊傳遞模組22係以藍芽通訊方式傳遞資訊。 The information receiving module 12 and the information delivery module 22 transmit information in a Bluetooth communication manner.
藉由上述之說明,已可了解本技術之結構,而依據這個結構之對應配合,更可達到充電時可避免多數金屬物質之存在而過熱的現象,並可解決無法在有金屬異物的狀況中充電之問題等優勢,而詳細之解說將於下述說明。 According to the above description, the structure of the present technology can be understood, and according to the corresponding cooperation of the structure, the phenomenon that overheating of most metal substances can be avoided during charging can be achieved, and the problem that metal foreign matter cannot be found can be solved. The advantages of charging and other issues, and the detailed explanation will be explained below.
請同時配合參閱第一圖至第七圖所示,係為本發明較佳實施例之立體透視圖、結構方塊圖、決策方塊圖、實施示意圖(一)、實施示意圖(二)、實施示意圖(三)、及複數充電示意圖,藉由上述構件組構時,可由圖中清楚看出,本發明在外觀上係與一般無線充電座相同,且在一般狀況下進行無線充電時,亦只要將待充裝置2放置在充電座本體1上,即可透過無線充電傳輸模組11不斷放出的充電訊號進行充電,且本發明之無線充電傳輸模組11係利用磁共振單元111以磁共振之方式對待充裝置2進行無線充電,故只要待充裝置2的無線充電接收模組21接收到該充電訊號,便能進入無線充電程序。 Please refer to the first to seventh figures, which are perspective views, structural block diagrams, decision block diagrams, implementation diagrams (1), implementation diagrams (II), and implementation diagrams of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 3), and a plurality of charging diagrams, when the above components are assembled, it can be clearly seen from the figure that the present invention is identical in appearance to a general wireless charging stand, and when wireless charging is performed under normal conditions, The charging device 2 is placed on the charging stand body 1 to be charged by the charging signal continuously discharged by the wireless charging transmission module 11, and the wireless charging transmission module 11 of the present invention is treated by the magnetic resonance unit 111 by magnetic resonance. The charging device 2 performs wireless charging. Therefore, as long as the wireless charging receiving module 21 of the charging device 2 receives the charging signal, the wireless charging program can be entered.
若充電座本體1上或充電範圍內出現手機以外的金屬異物,阻抗偵測模組13便會即時測得一較高的阻抗值,而辨識模組141會將該阻抗值與預定阻抗值(表示安全範圍之阻抗值)做比對,若確認阻抗值大於預定阻抗值(該金屬異物為薄型金屬之狀況,如CD、DCD等),則再由資訊接收模組12判斷,是否有接收到資訊傳遞模組22所傳遞之阻抗資訊,若未收到該阻抗資訊,即表示該高阻抗值僅為一般的金屬異物,而非可充電之待充裝置2,並由限電模組14停止無線充電傳輸模組11的充電動作或降低輸出功率;若確認有收到該阻抗資訊,即表示該高阻抗值係為待充裝置2所附掛之金屬物件,例如金屬背蓋2 3,而限制該限電模組14之動作,使無線充電傳輸模組11得以對待充裝置2進行無線充電。舉例而言,假設預定阻抗值為100,純手機充電之阻抗為30,金屬背蓋23之阻抗為80,故阻抗偵測模組13可測得110之阻抗值,且為大於預定阻抗值100之結果,然而手機會發送一阻抗資訊,表示該110之阻抗值為正常值,而正常進行充電。 If a metal foreign object other than the mobile phone appears on the charging stand body 1 or within the charging range, the impedance detecting module 13 will immediately measure a higher impedance value, and the identification module 141 will compare the impedance value with the predetermined impedance value ( The impedance value indicating the safety range is compared. If it is confirmed that the impedance value is greater than the predetermined impedance value (the metal foreign matter is a thin metal condition such as CD, DCD, etc.), the information receiving module 12 determines whether it is received. The impedance information transmitted by the information transmission module 22, if the impedance information is not received, indicates that the high impedance value is only a general metal foreign object, not the rechargeable charging device 2, and is stopped by the power limiting module 14. The charging operation of the wireless charging transmission module 11 or reducing the output power; if it is confirmed that the impedance information is received, it indicates that the high-impedance value is a metal object attached to the device to be charged 2, such as a metal back cover 2 3. The operation of the power limiting module 14 is limited to enable the wireless charging transmission module 11 to wirelessly charge the charging device 2. For example, if the predetermined impedance value is 100, the impedance of the pure mobile phone charging is 30, and the impedance of the metal back cover 23 is 80, the impedance detecting module 13 can measure the impedance value of 110 and is greater than the predetermined impedance value of 100. As a result, the mobile phone sends an impedance information indicating that the impedance value of the 110 is a normal value and is normally charged.
再請同時配合參閱第七圖所示,由圖中可清楚看出充電座本體1內之電流控制單元15係於待充裝置2為複數時調整輸出電流,使各該待充裝置2接收相同之電流值,且該電流控制單元15係包含一計算模組151,係供計算該阻抗值之變化量,調整該電流控制單元15之輸出電流。藉此,當充電座本體1的充電範圍內具有複數個待充裝置2時,可透過計算模組151計算出當前阻抗值的變化量,令電流控制單元15調整輸出之電流,使各待充裝置2仍可接收到相同之電流值。換言之,當充電座本體1同時對多個待充裝置2進行充電時,便可藉由提高電流量之方式,維持原本之充電效率。 Please also refer to the seventh figure at the same time. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the current control unit 15 in the charging stand body 1 adjusts the output current when the device to be charged 2 is plural, so that each charging device 2 receives the same The current control unit 15 includes a calculation module 151 for calculating the amount of change in the impedance value and adjusting the output current of the current control unit 15. Therefore, when there are a plurality of devices 2 to be charged in the charging range of the charging base body 1, the amount of change of the current impedance value can be calculated by the calculation module 151, so that the current control unit 15 adjusts the output current so that each charging is to be charged. Device 2 can still receive the same current value. In other words, when the charging stand body 1 simultaneously charges a plurality of devices to be charged 2, the original charging efficiency can be maintained by increasing the amount of current.
惟,以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,非因此即侷限本發明之專利範圍,故舉凡運用本發明說明書及圖式內容所為之簡易修飾及等效結構變化,均應同理包含於本發明之專利範圍內,合予陳明。 However, the above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and thus it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the simple modification and equivalent structural changes of the present specification and the drawings should be treated similarly. It is included in the scope of the patent of the present invention and is combined with Chen Ming.
故,請參閱全部附圖所示,本發明使用時,與習用技術相較,著實存在下列優點: Therefore, referring to all the drawings, when using the present invention, compared with the conventional technology, the following advantages exist:
一、利用磁共振技術進行無線充電,可不受多數金屬材質影響,而正常充電不會發生過熱現象。 First, the use of magnetic resonance technology for wireless charging, can be affected by most metal materials, and normal charging will not overheat.
二、具有高阻抗安全防護機制,可避免特定金屬材質充電產生的過熱現象。 Second, it has a high-impedance safety protection mechanism to avoid overheating caused by the charging of specific metal materials.
三、利用藍芽傳輸將待充裝置2的阻抗資訊,請求允許無線充電,以避免誤判而無法充電。 3. Using the Bluetooth transmission to transmit the impedance information of the device 2 to be charged, requesting to allow wireless charging to avoid misjudgment and unable to charge.
四、充電座本體1可同時對多個待充裝置2進行充電,並可維持原本之充電效率。 4. The charging stand body 1 can simultaneously charge a plurality of devices to be charged 2, and can maintain the original charging efficiency.
綜上所述,本發明之無線充電器之保護裝置於使用時,為確實能達到其功效及目的,故本發明誠為一實用性優異之發明,為符合發明專利之申請要件,爰依法提出申請,盼 審委早日賜准本發明,以保障申請人之辛苦發明,倘若鈞局審委有任何稽疑,請不吝來函指示,發明人定當竭力配合,實感德便。 In summary, the protection device of the wireless charger of the present invention can achieve its efficacy and purpose when used, so the invention is an invention with excellent practicability, and is an application requirement for the invention patent, and is proposed according to law. To apply, I hope that the trial committee will grant the invention as soon as possible to protect the applicant's hard work. If there is any doubt in the trial committee, please do not hesitate to give instructions, the inventor will try his best to cooperate, and feel really good.
1‧‧‧充電座本體 1‧‧‧Charging stand body
11‧‧‧無線充電傳輸模組 11‧‧‧Wireless Charging Transmission Module
111‧‧‧磁共振單元 111‧‧‧ Magnetic resonance unit
12‧‧‧資訊接收模組 12‧‧‧Information receiving module
13‧‧‧阻抗偵測模組 13‧‧‧Impedance Detection Module
14‧‧‧限電模組 14‧‧‧Power limiting module
141‧‧‧辨識模組 141‧‧‧ Identification Module
15‧‧‧電流控制單元 15‧‧‧ Current Control Unit
151‧‧‧計算模組 151‧‧‧Computation Module
2‧‧‧待充裝置 2‧‧‧waiting device
21‧‧‧無線充電接收模組 21‧‧‧Wireless Charging Receiver Module
22‧‧‧資訊傳遞模組 22‧‧‧Information Transfer Module
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TW105126486A TWI609548B (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2016-08-19 | Wireless charger protection device |
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TW201810862A TW201810862A (en) | 2018-03-16 |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TW201001867A (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-01-01 | Amway Europ Ltd | Inductive power transfer |
TW201101641A (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2011-01-01 | Qualcomm Inc | Wireless power for chargeable and charging devices |
CN102457106A (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-05-16 | 索尼公司 | Power feeding device, power feeding method, and power feeding system |
US20140312709A1 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2014-10-23 | Sony Corporation | Electronic apparatus and transmission system |
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TW201001867A (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-01-01 | Amway Europ Ltd | Inductive power transfer |
TW201101641A (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2011-01-01 | Qualcomm Inc | Wireless power for chargeable and charging devices |
CN102457106A (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-05-16 | 索尼公司 | Power feeding device, power feeding method, and power feeding system |
US20140312709A1 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2014-10-23 | Sony Corporation | Electronic apparatus and transmission system |
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