TWI600211B - Antenna system - Google Patents
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- TWI600211B TWI600211B TW104124342A TW104124342A TWI600211B TW I600211 B TWI600211 B TW I600211B TW 104124342 A TW104124342 A TW 104124342A TW 104124342 A TW104124342 A TW 104124342A TW I600211 B TWI600211 B TW I600211B
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Description
本揭露係關於一種天線系統。 The disclosure relates to an antenna system.
天線是在無線通訊系統中用來發射與接收電磁波能量的重要元件，若少了天線，則無線通訊系統將無法有效運作。 An antenna is an important component used to transmit and receive electromagnetic energy in a wireless communication system. If the antenna is missing, the wireless communication system will not operate effectively.
請參照第1圖所示，其為習知之一天線系統1示意圖。天線系統1包含一輻射元件11、一饋電部12以及一接地平面部13。輻射元件11為單極結構，輻射元件11上之饋入點與饋電部12彼此耦接，以饋入接地平面部13形成天線系統1。因此，透過饋電部12通過一電流使其在輻射元件11產生諧振，利用諧振產生的波段，使其接收或是發射特定頻段的訊號。 Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of one of the antenna systems 1 . The antenna system 1 includes a radiating element 11, a feed portion 12, and a ground plane portion 13. The radiating element 11 is of a monopole structure, and the feeding point on the radiating element 11 and the feeding portion 12 are coupled to each other to feed the ground plane portion 13 to form the antenna system 1. Therefore, the power feeding unit 12 generates a resonance in the radiating element 11 through a current, and uses the wavelength band generated by the resonance to receive or transmit a signal of a specific frequency band.
然而，天線系統1之頻段只能涵蓋某一部份的範圍，因此在不同頻段的需求下會有所限制，因此，如何能夠在不增加尺寸的情況下增加天線的頻寬，已成為本領域的重要課題之一。 However, the frequency band of the antenna system 1 can only cover a certain range, so there are restrictions on the requirements of different frequency bands. Therefore, how to increase the bandwidth of the antenna without increasing the size has become the field. One of the important topics.
根據上述問題，本發明對應地提出新的天線系統。 In accordance with the above problems, the present invention correspondingly proposes a new antenna system.
本發明揭露一實施例之天線系統包含一種天線系統，包括一接地平面部；一輻射元件，其長度為λ/4的奇數倍；一饋電部，形成於該輻射元件之一端部；以及一傳輸線，一第一端耦接於該輻射元件之該端部，一第二端耦接至該接地平面部，該傳輸線的長度為小於 λ/4；其中，該傳輸線位於該輻射元件與該接地平面部之間，該傳輸線的一部分、該輻射元件的一部分與該接地平面部的一平面相互平行設置。 An antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an antenna system including a ground plane portion, a radiating element having an odd multiple of λ/4, and a feed portion formed at one end of the radiating element; a transmission line, a first end coupled to the end of the radiating element, and a second end coupled to the ground plane portion, the length of the transmission line being less than λ/4; wherein the transmission line is located between the radiating element and the ground plane portion, a portion of the transmission line, a portion of the radiating element and a plane of the ground plane portion are disposed parallel to each other.
本發明的精神係在於在不增加天線系統尺寸的情況下，利用傳輸線的阻抗匹配來使天線的頻寬得到拓展。 The spirit of the present invention is to extend the bandwidth of the antenna by impedance matching of the transmission line without increasing the size of the antenna system.
上文已相當廣泛地概述本揭露之技術特徵及優點，俾使下文之本揭露詳細描述得以獲得較佳瞭解。構成本揭露之申請專利範圍標的之其它技術特徵及優點將描述於下文。本揭露所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者應瞭解，可相當容易地利用下文揭示之概念與特定實施例可作為修改或設計其它結構或製程而實現與本揭露相同之目的。本揭露所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者亦應瞭解，這類等效建構無法脫離後附之申請專利範圍所界定之本揭露的精神和範圍。 The technical features and advantages of the present disclosure have been broadly described above, and the detailed description of the present disclosure will be better understood. Other technical features and advantages of the subject matter of the claims of the present disclosure will be described below. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced with the same or equivalents. It is also to be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that this invention is not limited to the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
1、2‧‧‧天線系統 1, 2‧‧‧ antenna system
11、21‧‧‧輻射元件 11, 21‧‧‧ radiating elements
12、22‧‧‧饋電部 12, 22‧‧‧Feeding Department
13、23‧‧‧接地平面部 13, 23‧‧‧ Ground plane
24‧‧‧傳輸線 24‧‧‧ transmission line
41‧‧‧電壓駐波比圓 41‧‧‧Voltage standing wave ratio circle
43、45‧‧‧阻抗圓 43, 45‧‧‧ impedance round
由以下詳細說明與附隨圖式得以最佳了解本申請案揭示內容之各方面。注意，根據產業之標準實施方式，各種特徵並非依比例繪示。實際上，為了清楚討論，可任意增大或縮小各種特徵的尺寸。 The aspects of the disclosure of the present application are best understood from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. Note that various features are not drawn to scale in accordance with standard implementations of the industry. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or decreased for clarity of discussion.
第1圖繪示了習知的天線系統的示意圖；第2圖繪示了本發明的天線系統的實施例的示意圖；第3圖繪示了本發明的天線系統的等效簡化電路；第4圖繪示了本發明的天線系統的相關阻抗的史密斯圖；第5圖繪示了本發明的天線系統藉由電容使天線阻抗匹配入50歐姆的史密斯圖；第6圖繪示了習知的天線系統的史密斯圖；以及第7圖繪示了本發明的天線系統之對數幅值阻抗之作圖。 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional antenna system; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of an antenna system of the present invention; and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an equivalent simplified circuit of the antenna system of the present invention; The figure shows the Smith chart of the relative impedance of the antenna system of the present invention; FIG. 5 shows the Smith system of the antenna system of the present invention with the capacitance matching the antenna impedance into 50 ohms; FIG. 6 shows the conventional A Smith chart of the antenna system; and Figure 7 depicts a plot of the logarithmic amplitude impedance of the antenna system of the present invention.
以下揭示內容提供許多不同的實施例或範例，用於實施本申請案之不同特徵。元件與配置的特定範例之描述如下，以簡化本申請案之揭示內容。當然，這些僅為範例，並非用於限制本申請案。例如，以下描述在第二特徵上或上方形成第一特徵可包含形成直接接觸的第一與第二特徵之實施例，亦可包含在該第一與第二特徵之間形成其他特徵的實施例，因而該第一與第二特徵並非直接接觸。此外，本申請案可在不同範例中重複元件符號與/或字母。此重複係為了簡化與清楚之目的，而非支配不同實施例與/或所討論架構之間的關係。 The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing the various features of the present application. Specific examples of components and configurations are described below to simplify the disclosure of the present application. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the application. For example, the following description of forming an initial feature on or over a second feature may include forming first and second features of direct contact, and may also include embodiments for forming other features between the first and second features. Thus, the first and second features are not in direct contact. Furthermore, the application may repeat the component symbols and/or letters in different examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity, and is not intended to govern the relationship between the various embodiments and/or the structures discussed.
再者，本申請案可使用空間對應語詞，例如「之下」、「低於」、「較低」、「高於」、「較高」等類似語詞之簡單說明，以描述圖式中一元件或特徵與另一元件或特徵的關係。空間對應語詞係用以包括除了圖式中描述的位向之外，裝置於使用或操作中之不同位向。裝置或可被定位(旋轉90度或是其他位向)，並且可相應解釋本申請案使用的空間對應描述。可理解當一特徵係形成於另一特徵或基板上方時，可有其他特徵存在於其間。再者，本申請案可使用空間對應語詞，例如「之下」、「低於」、「較低」、「高於」、「較高」等類似語詞之簡單說明，以描述圖式中一元件或特徵與另一元件或特徵的關係。空間對應語詞係用以包括除了圖式中描述的位向之外，裝置於使用或操作中之不同位向。裝置或可被定位(旋轉90度或是其他位向)，並且可相應解釋本申請案使用的空間對應描述。 Furthermore, the present application may use spatially corresponding words, such as "lower", "lower", "lower", "higher", "higher" and the like, to describe one of the patterns. The relationship of an element or feature to another element or feature. Spatially corresponding words are used to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientations depicted in the drawings. The device may be positioned (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatially corresponding description used in this application may be interpreted accordingly. It will be appreciated that when a feature is formed over another feature or substrate, other features may be present therebetween. Furthermore, the present application may use spatially corresponding words, such as "lower", "lower", "lower", "higher", "higher" and the like, to describe one of the patterns. The relationship of an element or feature to another element or feature. Spatially corresponding words are used to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientations depicted in the drawings. The device may be positioned (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatially corresponding description used in this application may be interpreted accordingly.
第2圖繪示了本發明的天線系統的一實施例的示意圖。如第2圖所示，一天線系統2包含一輻射元件21、一饋電部22、一接地平面部23以及一傳輸線24。在本實施例中，接地平面部23可以係具有一接地平面的印刷線路板，並作為天線系統2的接地元件，應注意的是，接地平面部23的形狀並不侷限於第2圖所示的形狀，實際上可依不同的要求或設計，將接地平面部23設計為正方形或其他多邊形。輻射 元件21為單極結構，並耦接至傳輸線24，輻射元件21會在所要的頻率產生諧振，在本實施例中，輻射元件21的長度為饋電部22至輻射元件21之末端的總長，形成一L形，其長度可為λ/4的奇數倍，例如3λ/4、5λ/4...等，應注意的是，λ是欲接收的訊號頻率的波長。因此，輻射元件21的具體形狀與尺寸並不以此為限，以能確實輸出及接收預設頻段之訊號為考量。例如可以係金屬片或是電路板上的跡線，但本發明不以此限。 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna system of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, an antenna system 2 includes a radiating element 21, a feed portion 22, a ground plane portion 23, and a transmission line 24. In the present embodiment, the ground plane portion 23 may be a printed wiring board having a ground plane and serves as a grounding element of the antenna system 2. It should be noted that the shape of the ground plane portion 23 is not limited to that shown in FIG. The shape of the ground plane portion 23 can be designed as a square or other polygon according to different requirements or designs. radiation The element 21 has a unipolar structure and is coupled to the transmission line 24, and the radiating element 21 generates resonance at a desired frequency. In the present embodiment, the length of the radiating element 21 is the total length of the end of the feeding portion 22 to the radiating element 21, An L-shape is formed, the length of which may be an odd multiple of λ/4, such as 3λ/4, 5λ/4, etc., it should be noted that λ is the wavelength of the signal frequency to be received. Therefore, the specific shape and size of the radiating element 21 are not limited thereto, and the signal of the preset frequency band can be surely outputted and received. For example, it may be a metal piece or a trace on a circuit board, but the invention is not limited thereto.
饋電部22形成於輻射元件21的一端部，例如可與一同軸傳輸線耦接，以由同軸傳輸線輸出或接收不同頻段的訊號。傳輸線24係作為一阻抗轉換器，其能夠改善阻抗頻寬，且傳輸線24第一端耦接於輻射元件21之該端部，第二端耦接至接地平面部23。在本實施例中，傳輸線24的長度為饋電部22至接地平面部23的總長，形成一ㄇ字形，其長度為小於λ/4的奇數倍，在本實施例中，傳輸線24的長度較佳的約為λ/8。應注意的是，在傳輸線24的長度不為λ/4的奇數倍時，傳輸線24就不會構成一輻射元件，由此可知，本發明僅是利用傳輸線24作為等效電感使用，以提供天線系統2更好的匹配條件。因此，輻射元件21的其具體形狀與尺寸並不以此為限，例如可以係金屬片或是電路板上的跡線，但本發明不以此限。其中傳輸線24係位於輻射元件21與接地平面部23之間，且傳輸線24的一部分、輻射元件21的一部分與接地平面部23的一平面相互平行設置。具體來說，在本實施例中，傳輸線24的ㄇ字形中的長度最長的部分和輻射元件21的L形中長度最長的部分相互平行設置，並且又共同平行於接地平面部23的一平面以構成耦合段，然本發明不以此限。本發明的天線系統可以係一體成型，而和習知的天線系統有所不同的是，本發明的天線系統增加了傳輸線24以增加阻抗頻寬。 The power feeding portion 22 is formed at one end of the radiating element 21, for example, can be coupled to a coaxial transmission line to output or receive signals of different frequency bands by the coaxial transmission line. The transmission line 24 is an impedance converter capable of improving the impedance bandwidth, and the first end of the transmission line 24 is coupled to the end of the radiating element 21 and the second end is coupled to the ground plane portion 23. In the present embodiment, the length of the transmission line 24 is the total length of the power feeding portion 22 to the ground plane portion 23, forming a U-shape whose length is less than an odd multiple of λ/4. In the present embodiment, the length of the transmission line 24 Preferably, it is about λ/8. It should be noted that when the length of the transmission line 24 is not an odd multiple of λ/4, the transmission line 24 does not constitute a radiating element, and thus it is understood that the present invention uses only the transmission line 24 as an equivalent inductance to provide Antenna system 2 better matching conditions. Therefore, the specific shape and size of the radiating element 21 are not limited thereto, and may be, for example, a metal piece or a trace on a circuit board, but the invention is not limited thereto. The transmission line 24 is located between the radiating element 21 and the ground plane portion 23, and a portion of the transmission line 24, a portion of the radiating element 21, and a plane of the ground plane portion 23 are disposed in parallel with each other. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the longest portion of the U-shape of the transmission line 24 and the longest portion of the L-shape of the radiating element 21 are disposed in parallel with each other, and are also collectively parallel to a plane of the ground plane portion 23. The coupling section is constructed, but the invention is not limited thereto. The antenna system of the present invention can be integrally formed, and unlike the conventional antenna system, the antenna system of the present invention adds a transmission line 24 to increase the impedance bandwidth.
第3圖繪示了本發明的天線系統的等效簡化電路。其中 符號C代表天線系統2的輻射元件21和接地平面部23之間的耦合電容，符號L代表一並聯電感，其大小可以藉由調整傳輸線24的長度來改變，除此之外，傳輸線24作為電感的同時，其損耗要比實際的電感元器件要小，而且可以把更多的能量耦合到輻射元件21上，從而使天線系統2的頻寬得到拓展，以符合設計所需的阻抗以及頻率範圍。 Figure 3 illustrates an equivalent simplified circuit of the antenna system of the present invention. among them Symbol C represents the coupling capacitance between the radiating element 21 of the antenna system 2 and the ground plane portion 23, and the symbol L represents a shunt inductor whose magnitude can be changed by adjusting the length of the transmission line 24, in addition to the transmission line 24 as an inductance. At the same time, its loss is smaller than the actual inductor components, and more energy can be coupled to the radiating element 21, so that the bandwidth of the antenna system 2 is expanded to meet the impedance and frequency range required for the design. .
具體來說，在設計天線系統2時，會先讓輻射元件21在所要的頻率產生諧振，接著調整傳輸線24的長度，以在所需的頻率範圍得到正確的阻抗。在調整好傳輸線24之後，便可使用一集總式(lumped)電容Cmatch來使天線阻抗匹配入50歐姆。在本揭露中，對習知的單極天線系統1和本發明的天線系統2會進行阻抗頻寬方面的比較，應注意的是，習知的單極天線系統1的輻射元件11和本發明的天線系統2的輻射元件21的諧振頻率都係930MHz，在反射損耗(return loss)為-6dB之下，涵蓋全球移動通信系統標準850(GSM850)和全球移動通信系統標準900(GSM900)。輻射元件11和輻射元件21的尺寸都為5mm*65mm，接地平面部13和接地平面部23的尺寸則為65mm*120mm，厚度為1mm的FR4基板。 Specifically, when designing the antenna system 2, the radiating element 21 is first caused to resonate at a desired frequency, and then the length of the transmission line 24 is adjusted to obtain the correct impedance in the desired frequency range. After adjusting the transmission line 24, a lumped capacitor Cmatch can be used to match the antenna impedance to 50 ohms. In the present disclosure, a comparison is made between the conventional monopole antenna system 1 and the antenna system 2 of the present invention in terms of impedance bandwidth, and it should be noted that the radiating element 11 of the conventional monopole antenna system 1 and the present invention The radiating element 21 of the antenna system 2 has a resonant frequency of 930 MHz and a return loss of -6 dB, covering the Global System for Mobile Communications Standard 850 (GSM850) and the Global System for Mobile Communications Standard 900 (GSM900). The size of the radiating element 11 and the radiating element 21 are both 5 mm * 65 mm, and the size of the ground plane portion 13 and the ground plane portion 23 is 65 mm * 120 mm and the thickness is 1 mm.
進行傳輸线匹配可以將第4圖的阻抗調整至理想位置，如第4圖所示，其中一電壓駐波比(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio,VSWR)圓41的阻抗為3(表示反射損耗等於-6dB)。在第4圖中，另包含有一阻抗圓43和一阻抗圓45，其中阻抗圓43大於阻抗圓45。請同時參考第2圖和第4圖，阻抗圓43代表了相互平行的傳輸線24之該部分與輻射元件21之該部分間的距離L1大於相互平行的傳輸線24之該部分與接地平面23之該平面間的距離L2的情況；亦即，阻抗圓43代表了本實施例中傳輸線24的ㄇ字形中的長度最長的部分和輻射元件21的L形中長度最長的部分彼此的距離L1大於傳輸線24的ㄇ字形中的長度最長的部分和接地平面部23的該平面彼此的距離L2的情況；而阻抗圓45代表 了L1小於L2的情況。具體來說，阻抗圓43代表了L1為2mm且L2為1mm時的情況；阻抗圓45代表了L1為1mm且L2為2mm時的情況。實際上，在其他條件保持不變的情況下，L1小於L2可以使天線系統2得到較佳的頻寬表現。 Performing transmission line matching can adjust the impedance of Figure 4 to the ideal position. As shown in Figure 4, one of the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) circle 41 has an impedance of 3 (indicating that the reflection loss is equal to -6 dB). ). In Fig. 4, there is further included an impedance circle 43 and an impedance circle 45, wherein the impedance circle 43 is larger than the impedance circle 45. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 4 simultaneously, the impedance circle 43 represents that the distance between the portion of the transmission line 24 that is parallel to each other and the portion of the radiating element 21 is greater than the portion of the transmission line 24 that is parallel to each other and the ground plane 23. The case of the distance L2 between the planes; that is, the impedance circle 43 represents that the longest portion of the U-shape of the transmission line 24 in the present embodiment and the portion of the L-shaped longest portion of the radiating element 21 are longer than the transmission line 24 by the distance L1. The longest portion of the ㄇ shape and the distance L2 of the plane of the ground plane portion 23; and the impedance circle 45 represents The case where L1 is smaller than L2. Specifically, the impedance circle 43 represents a case where L1 is 2 mm and L2 is 1 mm; the impedance circle 45 represents a case where L1 is 1 mm and L2 is 2 mm. In fact, L1 is less than L2 to give the antenna system 2 a better bandwidth performance while other conditions remain the same.
第5圖繪示了藉由電容Cmatch使天線阻抗匹配入50歐姆的史密斯圖。本發明中使用匹配的阻抗特性和柴比雪夫阻抗匹配(Chebyshev matching)相似，其目的在改善阻抗頻寬。第6圖繪示了習知的直饋式單極天線系統(即天線系統1)的史密斯圖。表1為兩種天線系統配置得到的阻抗的比較表。 Figure 5 shows the Smith chart with the impedance of the antenna matched to 50 ohms by the capacitance Cmatch. The matched impedance characteristics used in the present invention are similar to Chebyshev matching, with the goal of improving the impedance bandwidth. Figure 6 depicts a Smith chart of a conventional direct feed monopole antenna system (i.e., antenna system 1). Table 1 is a comparison table of the impedances obtained by the two antenna system configurations.
藉由採用本發明的天線系統2，可用的阻抗頻寬由93MHz增加至159MHz，增加了69.5%。第7圖繪示了本發明的天線系統之對數幅值阻抗之作圖。其中縱軸為回波損耗(return loss)，單位為分貝(dB)；橫軸為頻率，單位為千兆赫(GHz)。如第7圖所示，GSM850和GSM900的相對應頻率的回波損耗皆位於6分貝以上，因此，本發明的天線系統2的輻射元件21的阻抗頻寬係足夠涵蓋GSM850和GSM900。 By employing the antenna system 2 of the present invention, the available impedance bandwidth is increased from 93 MHz to 159 MHz, an increase of 69.5%. Figure 7 is a graph showing the logarithmic amplitude impedance of the antenna system of the present invention. The vertical axis is the return loss in decibels (dB); the horizontal axis is the frequency in gigahertz (GHz). As shown in Fig. 7, the return loss of the corresponding frequencies of GSM850 and GSM900 is above 6 decibels. Therefore, the impedance bandwidth of the radiating element 21 of the antenna system 2 of the present invention is sufficient to cover GSM850 and GSM900.
前述內容概述一些實施方式的特徵，因而熟知此技藝之人士可更加理解本申請案揭示內容之各方面。熟知此技藝之人士應理解可輕易使用本申請案揭示內容作為基礎，用於設計或修飾其他製程與結構而實現與本申請案所述之實施方式具有相同目的與/或達到相 同優點。熟知此技藝之人士亦應理解此均等架構並不脫離本申請案揭示內容的精神與範圍，以及熟知此技藝之人士可進行各種變化、取代與替換，而不脫離本申請案揭示內容之精神與範圍。 The foregoing is a summary of the features of the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can understand the various aspects of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure of the present application can be readily utilized as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures to achieve the same objectives and/or phases as the embodiments described herein. The same advantages. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. range.
2‧‧‧天線系統 2‧‧‧Antenna system
21‧‧‧輻射元件 21‧‧‧radiation components
22‧‧‧饋電部 22‧‧‧Feeding Department
23‧‧‧接地平面部 23‧‧‧ Ground plane
24‧‧‧傳輸線 24‧‧‧ transmission line
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| TW201104961A (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-02-01 | Amphenol Taiwan Corp | Antenna for multi-frequency system |
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