TWI594016B - Image display device - Google Patents

Description

Image display device

The present invention relates to an image display device that can display images toward a plurality of viewpoints, respectively.

An image display device that can display images toward a plurality of viewpoints, for example, can display images different from each other in a driver's seat and an assistant seat in a car navigation system, or can be respectively performed by A stereoscopic image is recognized as an image in which the right eye and the left eye of the same person display different images. As such an image display device, a display panel using a liquid crystal or the like and a lenticular lens in which a plurality of cylindrical lenses are arranged in parallel are known (see Patent Document 1).

[Previous Technical Literature] [Patent Literature]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2008-134617

In an image display device using a lenticular lens, the range of the identifiable image is limited. When the observer observing the image moves in the left-right direction (the direction in which a plurality of lenticular lenses are arranged side by side), the image presented on the display panel can be operated according to the movement of the observer. The scope of the identifiable image is followed by the observer. However, the technique of being able to follow the range in which the observer can recognize the image is still unknown when the distance from the image display device to the observer changes.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an image display device capable of following a range in which an observer can recognize an image when a distance to an observer changes.

The image display device of the present invention is characterized by comprising: (1) a display panel in which a plurality of unit pixel groups are two-dimensionally arranged on a plane parallel to the first direction and the second direction perpendicular to each other, and a plurality of Each of the unit pixel groups includes a plurality of partial pixels arranged in the second direction, and (2) a lens portion including a plurality of units extending in the first direction and having a common configuration and periodically arranged in parallel in the second direction. a lens in which a unit lens is provided corresponding to a unit pixel group in a second direction, and an image of the object surface is imaged on the image surface with the display panel as an object surface; (3) a variable layer, which is set And a thickness or a refractive index between the lens portion and the display panel is variable; and (4) an adjustment mechanism that adjusts the thickness or refractive index of the variable layer.

In the image display device of the present invention, a variable layer air layer is preferred, and the adjustment mechanism adjusts the thickness of the air layer. Alternatively, a variable layer fluid layer is also preferred, and the adjustment mechanism adjusts the thickness or refractive index of the fluid layer. Further, it is preferable that the variable layer is sandwiched between the first layer on the display panel side and the second layer on the lens portion side, and the first layer, the second layer, and the shape variable member constitute a sealed space, and the sealed layer is sealed. The space is filled with fluid.

Preferably, the image display device of the present invention further includes a distance measuring sensor that measures the distance to the observation position, and the adjustment mechanism adjusts the thickness or refractive index of the variable layer based on the distance measurement result of the distance measuring sensor.

Preferably, the image display device of the present invention has M layers including a lens portion and a variable layer on the display panel, and the adjustment mechanism adjusts the thickness or refractive index of the variable layer in such a manner that the first of the M layers The thickness t _{m of the} m layer and the refractive index n _m , the distance L ₁ from the lens portion to the observation position, the width W _g of the local pixel along the second direction in the display panel, and the portion along the second direction in the image plane A relationship between W _g L ₁ =W _e Σ(t _m /n _m ) is established between the widths W _{e of the} pixel images. Here, M is an integer of 2 or more, and m is an integer of 1 or more and M or less.

According to the present invention, when the distance to the observer changes, the range in which the observer can recognize the image can be followed.

1, 2, 2A, 2B‧‧‧ image display device

10‧‧‧Lens Department

11‧‧‧ unit lens

11 ₁ ~11 _K ‧‧‧ lenticular lens

20‧‧‧ display panel

21‧‧‧Unit pixel group

21 _k ‧‧‧unit pixel group

22‧‧‧Local pixels

22 ₁ ‧‧‧Local pixels

22 ₂ ‧‧‧Local pixels

22 ₃ ‧‧‧Local pixels

22 ₄ ‧‧‧Local pixels

22 _L ‧‧‧Local pixels for the left eye

22 _R ‧‧‧Local pixels for the right eye

31‧‧‧ glass plate

32‧‧‧ deflecting plate

33‧‧‧ air layer

34‧‧‧ fluid layer

41‧‧‧Adjustment agency

42‧‧‧Shape variable components

A‧‧‧face

B‧‧‧Overlapping area

B ₁ ‧‧‧Area

B ₂ ‧‧‧Area

B ₃ ‧‧‧Area

B ₄ ‧‧‧Area

B _L ‧‧‧Area

B _R ‧‧‧Area

L‧‧‧ observation distance

L ₁ ‧‧‧ observation distance

L ₂ ‧‧‧ equivalent thickness

P‧‧‧ pixel pitch

P _L ‧‧‧ lens spacing

T‧‧‧thickness

W‧‧‧Width

W _e ‧‧‧View area width

W _g ‧‧‧local pixel width

X‧‧‧ directions

Y‧‧‧ direction

Z‧‧‧direction

FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing the schematic configuration of an image display device 1 and the principle of image display.

FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing the schematic configuration of the image display device 2 and the principle of image display.

Fig. 3 is a view showing the configuration of the image display device 2A of the first embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the observation distance L ₁ and the thickness t ₃ of the air layer 33 in the image display device 2A of the first embodiment.

5(a) to 5(c) are diagrams showing the light emitted from the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 located at respective positions of the display panel 20 on the image plane A in the image display device 2A of the first embodiment. A chart of the distribution of the formed images.

6(a) to 6(c) are diagrams showing the light emitted from the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 located at respective positions of the display panel 20 on the image plane A in the image display device 2A of the first embodiment. A chart of the distribution of the formed images.

7(a) to 7(c) are diagrams showing the light emitted from the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 located at respective positions of the display panel 20 on the image plane A in the image display device 2A of the first embodiment. A chart of the distribution of the formed images.

8(a)-(c) are graphs showing the distribution of images formed on the image plane A by the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 located at respective positions of the display panel 20 in the comparative example. .

9(a)-(c) show the distribution of the image formed by the light emitted from the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 at the respective positions of the display panel 20 in the comparative example on the image plane A. chart.

10(a) to (c) are graphs showing the distribution of images formed on the image plane A by the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 located at respective positions of the display panel 20 in the comparative example. .

Fig. 11 is a view showing the configuration of an image display device 2B according to the second embodiment.

Fig. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the observation distance L ₁ and the thickness t ₃ of the fluid layer 34 in the image display device 2B of the second embodiment.

Hereinafter, the form for carrying out the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will not be repeated. Further, in each of the drawings, an xyz orthogonal coordinate system is shown for convenience of explanation.

FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing the schematic configuration of an image display device 1 and the principle of image display. This image display device 1 is for two viewpoints. The image display device 1 includes a lens portion 10 and a display panel 20, and the image on the object surface is imaged on the image plane A by the lens portion 10 with the display panel 20 as an object surface.

The lens unit 10 is a lenticular lens in which lenticular lenses 11 ₁ to 11 _{K each} having a common configuration in the x direction are arranged in parallel in the y direction at a predetermined period. K is an integer of 2 or more. The optical axes of the respective lenticular lenses 11 ₁ to 11 _K are parallel to the Z direction. The lens portion 10 is substantially in the shape of a flat plate, and has a flat surface facing the display panel 20 and a convex surface facing the image surface A. The shape of the convex surface of the lens portion 10 is shown in the figure.

The display panel 20 is a plurality of unit pixel groups 21 arranged two-dimensionally on the xy plane. Each unit pixel group 21 includes two partial pixels 22 _L and 22 _R arranged in the y direction. The left-eye partial pixel 22 _L and the right-eye partial pixel 22 _R are alternately arranged in the y direction. Moreover, in practice the local pixel in the left eye and the right eye 22 _L obscured region exists is called a black matrix (black matrix) only partially between pixels 22 _R, but the black matrix is omitted.

When the unit pixel group 21 _{k is} set to correspond to the lenticular lens 11 _k , the light emitted from the left eye partial pixel 22 _{L of the} unit pixel group 21 _k passes through the lenticular lens 11 _k to the image plane A. The image for the left eye is formed thereon, and the light emitted from the right-eye partial pixel 22 _{R of the} unit pixel group 21 _k passes through the lenticular lens 11 _k to form an image for the right eye on the image plane A.

Further, the image for the left eye is imaged on the retina of the left eye of the observer in the range of the formation of the left eye image on the image plane A, and the observation is performed in the range of the image of the right eye located on the image plane A. The right eye image is imaged on the retina of the right eye. Therefore, by the left eye of each unit pixel group 21 of the image data by applying an appropriate local pixel 22 _L and the right eye are partially pixels 22 _R, and the left and right eye sees a stereoscopic image.

The pixel pitch (the width in the y direction of each unit pixel group 21 _k ) in the display panel 20 is set to P. The eye 21 _k of each unit pixel group width W _g is set to 22 _L and the right eye with the local pixel 22 _R y directions by the local pixel. If the width of the black matrix in the y direction is ignored, W _g = P/2.

One of the setting methods of each parameter is as follows. First, the preferred viewing distance L _{1 is determined} . The preferred viewing distance L ₁ is the distance from the lens portion 10 to the observation position (image surface A), and is intended to be the distance that is most easily obtained for the observer from the stereoscopic image. Next, the y-direction width W _e of the viewing area in the image plane A is determined. The width of the visible region width W _e is the width of the image of the local pixel in the y direction in the image plane A. Next, based on the similarity of the triangles, the equivalent thickness L ₂ (= L ₁ × W _g / W _e ) on the display panel 20 in the image display device 1 is determined. The equivalent thickness L ₂ is an equivalent thickness from which light emitted from the display panel 20 is emitted to the outside of the lens portion 10.

Then, the thickness and refractive index of each layer on the display panel 20 in the image display device 1 are determined. At this time, when there are M layers on the display panel 20, and the thickness of the mth layer is t _m and the refractive index is n _m , L ₂ = Σ (t _m /n _m ). The layers on the display panel 20 are, for example, glass, a polarizing plate, a lens, an adhesive, or the like, in addition to the lens portion 10. M is an integer of 2 or more, and m is an integer of 1 or more and M or less.

In order that the observer can observe distance L ₁ in the stereoscopic video, viewing area width W _e is the required interocular distance more than half of the observer, the viewpoint at the time of the case 2 is generally set to be greater than the distance between the eyes. Regarding the relationship of L ₂ , t _m , and n _m , the ray angle θ in each layer can be calculated according to Snell's law in the actual configuration using the pixels of the thickness t _m of each layer, and it can be proved that sin θ ≒ Within the range in which tan θ is established, the actual configuration is equivalent to the configuration of Fig. 1 using the equivalent thickness L ₂ . Further, if the distance from the central unit pixel group to the outermost unit pixel group is M _p P, since the viewing area in the observation distance L ₁ is made uniform, the lens pitch P _L can be recorded as P _L =P . L ₁ /(L ₁ + L ₂ ).

The areas B _L and B _R are the portions of the outermost unit pixel group (y=±M _p P) formed by the overlap of the viewing areas. In the region B _L , the light emitted from the partial pixels 22 _L for the left eye of each unit pixel group 21 _k is entirely overlapped after passing through the corresponding lenticular lens 11 _k . Further, in the region B _R , the light emitted from the right-eye partial pixel 22 _{R of} each unit pixel group 21 _k is entirely overlapped after passing through the corresponding lenticular lens 11 _k . The observer can visually recognize the stereoscopic image when the observer's left eye exists in the region B _L and the observer's right eye exists in the region B _R .

FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing the schematic configuration of the image display device 2 and the principle of image display. This image display device 2 is used for four viewpoints. In this case, each unit pixel group 21 of the display panel 20 includes four partial pixels 22 ₁ to 22 ₄ arranged in the y direction. When the width in the y direction of each of the four partial pixels 22 ₁ to 22 ₄ of each unit pixel group 21 is W _g , W _g = P / 4.

In the region B _1, since each unit pixel group 21 of 1 _k viewpoint of the local pixel with light of ₂₂₁ issued after corresponding to the lenticular lens 11 _k all overlap. In the region B ₂ , the light emitted from the second viewpoint using the partial pixels 22 _{2 of} each unit pixel group 21 _k is entirely overlapped after passing through the corresponding lenticular lens 11 _k . ₃ in the region B, the unit pixel group 21 from each of the third viewpoint _{k is} a light ₂₂₃ issued after the local pixel corresponding to the lenticular lens. 11 _k all overlap. Further, in the region B ₄ , the light emitted from the _fourth pixel for the fourth viewpoint of each unit pixel group 21 _k is entirely overlapped after passing through the corresponding lenticular lens 11 _k . Images that are different from each other can be displayed in each of the four areas B ₁ to B ₄ .

1 and 2, if the partial pixels 22 included in each unit pixel group 21 are As the number (i.e., the number of viewpoints) increases, the size of the region B corresponding to each of the partial pixels 22 is limited, and in particular, the width of each region B in the z direction is narrowed. If the distance from the image display device to the observer changes, and the observer's eyes deviate from the region B, the observer may become unrecognizable.

The image display device according to the present embodiment follows the range B of the image recognizable by the observer when the distance to the observer changes. Therefore, the image display device of the present embodiment includes, in addition to the lens portion 10 and the display panel 20, a variable layer disposed between the lens portion 10 and the display panel 20 and having a variable thickness or refractive index; An adjustment mechanism that adjusts the thickness or refractive index of the variable layer. The adjustment mechanism can also adjust both the thickness and the refractive index of the variable layer. The variable layer can also be a plurality of layers.

The image display device of the present embodiment adjusts the thickness or refractive index of the variable layer so that the distance to the observer always becomes the observation distance L ₁ . That is, the Σ(t _m /n _m )W _e /W _{g is} adjusted to be equal to the distance from the image display device to the observation position for the set partial pixel width W _g and the visible region width W _e . The thickness or refractive index of the layer.

The adjustment of the thickness of the variable layer can be achieved by mechanically moving the layer on the +z side of the variable layer with respect to the layer on the -z side of the variable layer. The adjustment of the refractive index of the variable layer can be achieved by using a material which changes the refractive index such as by applying a voltage, for example, by applying a voltage to the variable layer. If the usual variable is considered, it is more effective to adjust the thickness of the variable layer than to adjust the refractive index of the variable layer.

In addition, in general, the radius of curvature of each unit lens 11 of the lens unit 10 is optimized in consideration of parameters including the thickness and refractive index of each layer. Therefore, if the thickness or refractive index of each layer is different, there is a possibility that the curvature radius of each unit lens 11 of the lens portion 10 is no longer optimal, and the image quality is slightly deteriorated, but the stereoscopic image is not generated. Great impact.

Regarding the lens pitch P _L , it can be recorded as P _L =P. L ₁ /(L ₁ + L ₂ ). Further, since L ₂ = L ₁ W _g /W _e according to the similarity of the triangles, it can be written as P _L = P / (1 + W _g / W _e ). At the time that the case where W _e is a fixed value, P _L does not depend on L _1. However, in practice, it is preferable to perform a slight change from the simple design value, perform analysis such as ray tracing, and further optimize P _{L in} consideration of the luminance result.

Fig. 3 is a view showing the configuration of the image display device 2A of the first embodiment. The image display device 2A of the first embodiment is a four-viewpoint user similarly to the configuration shown in FIG. 2, and includes a glass plate 31, a polarizing plate 32, and an air layer 33, in addition to the lens portion 10 and the display panel 20. Adjustment mechanism 41. A glass plate 31, a polarizing plate 32, an air layer 33, and a lens portion 10 are sequentially laminated on the display panel 20. The air layer 33 is a variable layer, and the thickness of the air layer 33 can be adjusted.

In the first embodiment, it is assumed _{P 4W g = 0.2mm =, W} e = 30mm, M p = 500, P L = 0.1997mm. The thickness t _{1 of} the glass plate 31 was set to 0.2 mm, and the refractive index n _{1 of the} glass plate 31 was set to 1.55. The thickness t _{2 of} the polarizing plate 32 was set to 0.15 mm, and the refractive index n _{2 of the} polarizing plate 32 was set to 1.55. The thickness t _{3 of the} air layer 33 is made variable, and the refractive index n _{3 of the} air layer 33 is set to 1. Further, the thickness t _{4 of} the lens portion 10 was set to 0.2 mm, and the refractive index n _{4 of the} lens portion 10 was set to 1.55. The radius of curvature of each unit lens 11 of the lens portion 10 was set to 0.36 mm.

The adjustment mechanism 41 is provided between the polarizing plate 32 and the lens portion 10, and the distance between the polarizing plate 32 and the lens portion 10 can be adjusted. The adjustment mechanism 41 can also be, for example, an actuator (more specifically, a spring that can be combined with a motor to adjust the spring pressure). The image display device 2A preferably includes a distance measuring sensor that measures the distance to the observer. The thickness t ₃ of the air layer 33 is adjusted based on the distance L ₁ from the observer. The thickness t ₃ of the air layer 33 is given by the adjustment mechanism 41 in such a manner as to become t ₃ = (W _g L ₁ /W _e -t ₁ /n ₁ -t ₂ /n ₂ -t ₄ /n ₄ )n ₂ set up. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the observation distance L ₁ and the thickness t ₃ of the air layer 33 in the image display device 2A of the first embodiment.

5 to 7 show images formed on the image plane A by the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 located at respective positions of the display panel 20 in the image display device 2A of the first embodiment. The distribution of the chart. Fig. 5 shows an image distribution when the observation distance L ₁ is 300 mm, Fig. 6 shows an image distribution when the observation distance L ₁ is 400 mm, and Fig. 7 shows an image distribution when the observation distance L ₁ is 500 mm. Each of the figures (a) shows the distribution of the image formed on the image plane A by the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 located at the position of y = 0 of the display panel 20, and each of the figures (b) shows The distribution of the image formed by the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 at the position of y=+M _P P of the display panel 20 on the image plane A, and (c) the self-display The distribution of the image formed by the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 at the position of y=-M _P P of the panel 20 on the image plane A. The thickness t ₃ of the air layer 33 is adjusted in accordance with the observation distance L ₁ .

In the present embodiment, in the unit pixel group 22 at the center (y = 0) and the unit pixel group 22 at both ends (y = ± M _p P), the first to fourth viewpoints are formed mainly in the partial pixels 22. The y-direction regions of the intensity distribution are identical. It can be said that the same is true for the unit pixel group 22 existing between the center (y = 0) and both ends (y = ± M _p P). Even if L ₁ changes the area, there is no large change, and it is understood that stereoscopic video can be secured even if the observation distance L ₁ from the image display device 2A is changed.

8 to 10 are graphs showing the distribution of images formed on the image plane A by the light emitted from each of the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 located at each position of the display panel 20 in the comparative example. Fig. 8 shows an image distribution when the observation distance L ₁ is 300 mm, Fig. 9 shows an image distribution when the observation distance L ₁ is 400 mm, and Fig. 10 shows an image distribution when the observation distance L ₁ is 500 mm. Each of the figures (a) shows the distribution of the image formed on the image plane A by the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 located at the position of y = 0 of the display panel 20, and each of the figures (b) shows The distribution of the image formed by the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 at the position of y=+M _P P of the display panel 20 on the image plane A, and (c) the self-display The distribution of the image formed by the partial pixels 22 of the unit pixel group 21 at the position of y=-M _P P of the panel 20 on the image plane A. The thickness t ₃ of the air layer 33 is fixed at 0.31 mm. In the comparative example, the stereoscopic image can be obtained when the observation distance L ₁ is 400 mm, but if the observation distance L ₁ changes, the y-direction region in which the main intensity distribution is formed in each pixel becomes completely different, and the stereoscopic image cannot be obtained. Video.

Further, in each of the case of Fig. 5 (L ₁ = 300 mm) and Fig. 7 (L ₁ = 500 mm) in the case of the present embodiment, crosstalk is poor. The reason for this is that the radius of curvature (i.e., the refractive power) of each unit lens 11 of the lens portion 10 deviates from the optimum value. Even if the radius of curvature of each unit lens 11 of the lens portion 10 is fixed, the refractive power can be changed by changing the refractive index of the lens portion 10. For example, by using the control voltage of the variable refractive index material as the material of the lens unit 10, and _a refractive index controlled in accordance with the viewing distance L, whereby the image quality can be further improved. In the case of the present embodiment, if L ₁ = 300 mm, n ₄ = 1.72 is preferable, and if L ₁ = 500 mm, n ₄ = 1.43 is preferable.

Fig. 11 is a view showing the configuration of an image display device 2B according to the second embodiment. The image display device 2B of the second embodiment is a four-viewpoint user similarly to the configuration shown in FIG. 2, and includes a glass plate 31, a polarizing plate 32, a fluid layer 34, and the like, including the lens portion 10 and the display panel 20. Shape variable member 42. A glass plate 31, a polarizing plate 32, a fluid layer 34, and a lens portion 10 are sequentially laminated on the display panel 20. Fluid layer 34 is a variable layer that can be adjusted in thickness or refractive index.

In the second embodiment, it is assumed _{P 4W g = 0.2mm =, W} e = 30mm, M p = 500, P L = 0.1997mm. The thickness t _{1 of} the glass plate 31 was set to 0.2 mm, and the refractive index n _{1 of the} glass plate 31 was set to 1.55. The thickness t _{2 of} the polarizing plate 32 was set to 0.15 mm, and the refractive index n _{2 of the} polarizing plate 32 was set to 1.55. The thickness t _{3 of} the fluid layer 34 was made variable, and the refractive index n _{3 of the} fluid layer 34 was set to 1.55. Further, the thickness t _{4 of} the lens portion 10 was set to 0.2 mm, and the refractive index n _{4 of the} lens portion 10 was set to 1.55. The radius of curvature of each unit lens 11 of the lens portion 10 was set to 0.36 mm.

The fluid layer 34 is sandwiched by the polarizing plate 32 and the lens portion 10. The polarizing plate 32, the lens portion 10, and the shape variable member 42 constitute a sealed space, and the sealed space is filled with a fluid. The shape variable member 42 preferably contains a material that is stretchable like rubber. The fluid filled in the sealed space is preferably a liquid or gel-like resin or the like. The thickness t ₃ of the fluid layer 34 is adjusted based on the distance L ₁ from the observer. The thickness t ₃ of the fluid layer 34 is set by an adjustment mechanism so as to become t ₃ =(W _g L ₁ /W _e -t ₁ /n ₁ -t ₂ /n ₂ -t ₄ /n ₄ )n ₂ . Fig. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the observation distance L ₁ and the thickness t ₃ of the fluid layer 34 in the image display device 2B of the second embodiment.

When the air layer 33 is provided as a variable layer as in the first embodiment, the image is reflected by the interface between the air layer 33 and the polarizing plate 32 and the interface between the air layer 33 and the lens portion 10 Light that is darkened or incident from the outside is reflected and becomes difficult to observe. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, by using a resin having a refractive index close to the refractive index of the material of the other layer for the fluid layer 34, such problems can be reduced.

2A‧‧‧Image display device

10‧‧‧Lens Department

11 _K ‧‧‧ lenticular lens

20‧‧‧ display panel

21 _K ‧‧‧Unit pixel group

22 ₁ ‧‧‧Local pixels

22 ₂ ‧‧‧Local pixels

22 ₃ ‧‧‧Local pixels

22 ₄ ‧‧‧Local pixels

31‧‧‧ glass plate

32‧‧‧ deflecting plate

33‧‧‧ air layer

41‧‧‧Adjustment agency

P _L ‧‧‧ lens spacing

X‧‧‧ directions

Y‧‧‧ direction

Z‧‧‧direction

Claims (5)

An image display device comprising: a display panel that two-dimensionally arranges a plurality of unit pixel groups on a surface parallel to a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to each other, wherein the plurality of unit pixel groups respectively a plurality of partial pixels arranged in the second direction; the lens portion includes a plurality of unit lenses extending in the first direction and having a common configuration and periodically arranged in parallel in the second direction, The unit lens is disposed corresponding to the unit pixel group in the second direction, and the image on the object surface is formed on the image surface by using the display panel as an object surface; and the variable layer is disposed on the lens The refractive index is variable between the portion and the display panel; and an adjustment mechanism that adjusts the refractive index of the variable layer. The image display device of claim 1, wherein the variable layer is a fluid layer, and the adjustment mechanism adjusts a refractive index of the fluid layer. The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the variable layer is sandwiched between the first layer on the display panel side and the second layer on the lens portion side, and the first layer, the second layer, and the shape are The variable member constitutes a sealed space, and the sealed space is filled with a fluid. The image display device of claim 1, further comprising: a distance measuring sensor that measures a distance to the observation position; the adjustment mechanism adjusts the refraction of the variable layer based on the distance measurement result of the distance measuring sensor rate. The image display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel has M layers including the lens portion and the variable layer; and the adjusting mechanism adjusts a refractive index of the variable layer by: making the M a thickness t _m and a refractive index n _m of the mth layer in the layer, a distance L ₁ from the lens portion to the observation position, a width W _g of the partial pixel along the second direction in the display panel, and the image A relationship between W _g L ₁ =W _e Σ(t _m /n _m ) is established between the widths W _e of the images of the partial pixels along the second direction in the plane (where M is an integer of 2 or more, m It is an integer of 1 or more and M or less).