TWI593858B - Synthetic ground cover system with impermeable backing and binding infill for erosion control - Google Patents

Synthetic ground cover system with impermeable backing and binding infill for erosion control Download PDF

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TWI593858B
TWI593858B TW104105419A TW104105419A TWI593858B TW I593858 B TWI593858 B TW I593858B TW 104105419 A TW104105419 A TW 104105419A TW 104105419 A TW104105419 A TW 104105419A TW I593858 B TWI593858 B TW I593858B
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synthetic
floor covering
erosion control
covering system
control according
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TW104105419A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW201540908A (en
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麥克 艾爾斯
喬西 烏魯提亞
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分水嶺地工合成材料有限責任公司
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Priority claimed from US14/186,413 external-priority patent/US9587364B2/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20Securing of slopes or inclines
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Description

用於侵蝕控制之具不透性襯墊及結合填充物之合成地面被覆系統 Impermeable liner for erosion control and synthetic floor covering system combined with filler 相關申請案之交叉參考Cross-reference to related applications

本申請案係目前正在申請中之2012年3月11日提出申請之美國非臨時專利申請案序號13/417,275之部分接續案,其又主張2011年3月11日提出申請之美國臨時專利申請案61/451,839之權益。權益、狀態及優先權經主張為部分接續案申請案。為提供揭示內容之延續性且出於所有目的將以上所識別之專利申請案以全文引用方式併入本文中。 This application is part of the continuation of the US non-provisional patent application serial number 13/417,275, which is currently filed on March 11, 2012, and it also claims the US provisional patent application filed on March 11, 2011. Interest of 61/451,839. The rights, status and priority are claimed to be part of the case. The disclosure of the above-identified patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety herein in

先前技術揭示通常呈現合成墊與自然草之組合之形式之用於侵蝕防護之系統。另外,先前技術一般而言需要多個錨定件以抵抗合成墊上之風上舉力及侵蝕力。因此,該行業繼續尋找有效、經濟且滿足各種地方、州及聯邦針對此等系統之環境法律、法規及準則之經改良侵蝕防護系統。 The prior art discloses systems for erosion protection that typically take the form of a combination of synthetic mats and natural grass. Additionally, the prior art generally requires multiple anchors to resist wind uplift and erosive forces on the composite mat. As a result, the industry continues to look for improved erosion protection systems that are effective, economical, and meet a variety of local, state, and federal environmental laws, regulations, and guidelines for such systems.

人造草已廣泛用於運動場(比賽場地)中以及沿著機場跑道及一般景觀美化中。人造草皮比賽場地之主要考量係場地之排水能力。合成草排水方面之先前技術之實例係第5,876,745號;第6,858,272號;第6,877,932號及第6,946,181號美國專利。然而,此等人造草通常僅適合於場地運動表面,在此等表面中地面係實質上平坦的且所關注問題僅係改良場地運動條件之能力。 Artificial grass has been widely used in sports fields (competition venues) as well as along airport runways and general landscaping. The main consideration of the artificial turf competition venue is the drainage capacity of the site. Examples of prior art in the field of synthetic grass drainage are U.S. Patent Nos. 5,876,745; 6,858,272; 6,877,932 and 6,946,181. However, such artificial grasses are generally only suitable for site motion surfaces where the ground system is substantially flat and the problem of concern is merely the ability to improve the site's motion conditions.

先前技術中之人造草皮之排水用途主要處理平坦表面之緩慢下滲以避免場地之淹水,且此排水用途通常無法處置將發生在天然或人造地面地形(諸如掩埋場、物料堆、灘台、路堤、防洪堤、排水道、尾礦堆等)之極大及陡峭側坡面上之極大及快速徑流。 The drainage use of artificial turf in the prior art primarily deals with slow infiltration of flat surfaces to avoid flooding of the site, and this drainage use is generally unmanageable to occur on natural or man-made ground topography (such as landfills, material piles, beach platforms, Great and fast runoff on the extreme and steep side slopes of embankments, flood dykes, drainage channels, tailings piles, etc.).

簡要闡述,本發明提供一種用於被覆其中需要水及風侵蝕防護之各種類型之斜坡地面之新的及有用系統。更特定而言,在第一實例形式中,本發明包括欲放置於實質上非水平、斜坡地面之頂部上之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其包含包括不透性襯墊與固定至該襯墊且自該襯墊延伸之合成草葉片狀元件之複合物之合成草。填充物壓載經施加至襯墊之頂部上之合成草且結合劑經施加至該填充物壓載以保護該填充物壓載抵抗高速水剪力。藉助此構造,儘管有來自重力、風及水流之剪力,但該合成地面被覆系統仍可保持於實質上非水平、斜坡地面之頂部上之適當位置中。 Briefly stated, the present invention provides a new and useful system for covering various types of sloped terrain where water and wind erosion protection is required. More particularly, in a first example form, the present invention includes a synthetic floor covering system for erosion control to be placed on top of a substantially non-horizontal, sloped surface, comprising an impervious liner and a fixed to The pad and the synthetic grass of the composite of the grass blade-like elements extending from the pad. The filler is ballasted through the synthetic grass applied to the top of the liner and the bonding agent is applied to the filler ballast to protect the filler from ballasting against high velocity water shear. With this configuration, the synthetic floor covering system can remain in place on the top of the substantially non-horizontal, sloped ground, despite shear forces from gravity, wind and water flow.

較佳地,該不透性襯墊包括地工織物。視情況,該不透性襯墊包括可透性地工織物及施加至該可透性地工織物以使該襯墊具不透性之不透性聚合物。視情況,該不透性聚合物包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯、EPDM或PVC。 Preferably, the impermeable liner comprises a geotextile. Optionally, the impermeable liner comprises a permeable work fabric and an impermeable polymer applied to the permeable work fabric to render the liner impervious. Optionally, the impermeable polymer comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, EPDM or PVC.

在一個選用形式中,該不透性聚合物經層壓、經膠合、經噴塗或經塗佈於該可透性地工織物上。 In one alternative form, the impermeable polymer is laminated, glued, spray coated or coated onto the permeable work fabric.

較佳地,該不透性聚合物係非平坦的以用於抓握非水平、斜坡地面。 Preferably, the impermeable polymer is non-planar for gripping non-horizontal, sloped floors.

視情況,用於侵蝕控制之該合成地面被覆系統中之該結合劑係水泥、砂漿、石灰或諸如此類。視情況,該結合劑可包括聚合物。 The binder in the synthetic floor covering system for erosion control is cement, mortar, lime or the like, as appropriate. Optionally, the binder may comprise a polymer.

較佳地,施加至該填充物之該結合劑導致具有介於約½英寸與約2英寸之間的深度之經結合填充物。此外,較佳地該填充物在乾燥條 件下施加至該合成草且稍後接著將被潤濕以固化成經結合填充物。較佳地,該填充物包括砂或粒狀材料且該結合劑包括水泥。較佳地,按重量,砂/灰比介於約1:1與3:1之間。 Preferably, the bonding agent applied to the filler results in a bonded filler having a depth of between about 1⁄2 inch and about 2 inches. Furthermore, preferably the filler is applied to the synthetic grass under dry conditions and will then be wetted to solidify into a bonded filler. Preferably, the filler comprises a sand or granular material and the bonding agent comprises cement. Preferably, the sand/ash ratio is between about 1:1 and 3:1 by weight.

視情況,該合成地面被覆物亦包含欲放置於該地面上或地面中之至少一個過濾織物及定位於該合成草與該過濾織物之間的開放柵網。較佳地,該至少一個過濾織物包括非編織合成織物。亦較佳地,該開放柵網包括合成排水系統。視情況,該合成地面被覆物可包含欲毗鄰該地面放置之至少一個低可透性障壁地工隔膜。 Optionally, the synthetic floor covering also includes at least one filter fabric to be placed on or in the ground and an open grid positioned between the synthetic grass and the filter fabric. Preferably, the at least one filter fabric comprises a non-woven synthetic fabric. Also preferably, the open grid comprises a synthetic drainage system. Optionally, the synthetic floor covering may comprise at least one low permeability barrier membrane membrane to be placed adjacent to the ground.

視情況,該合成草具有介於約20盎司/平方碼與120盎司/平方碼之間的密度。較佳地,該合成草具有充當該砂/土填充物之加強件之具有介於約0.5英寸與4英寸之間的平均長度之纖維。視情況,該合成草具有介於約1.5英寸與3英寸之間的平均長度之纖維。 Optionally, the synthetic grass has a density of between about 20 ounces per square yard and 120 ounces per square yard. Preferably, the synthetic grass has fibers having an average length of between about 0.5 inches and 4 inches that act as a reinforcement for the sand/soil filler. Optionally, the synthetic grass has an average length of fibers between about 1.5 inches and 3 inches.

較佳地,該過濾織物經定位以與地面表面直接接觸且包括經編織合成織物。另一選擇係,該合成織物可係非編織材料。 Preferably, the filter fabric is positioned to be in direct contact with the floor surface and comprises a woven synthetic fabric. Alternatively, the synthetic fabric can be a non-woven material.

在另一實例形式中,本發明包括一種被覆地面以用於侵蝕控制之方法。該方法包含以下步驟:(a)將合成草放置於該地面之頂部上,該合成草具有襯墊及自該襯墊延伸之合成草葉片;(b)將乾燥填充物壓載施加至該合成草;及(c)將潤濕劑施加至該乾燥填充物以將該乾燥填充物固化成經結合填充物來使該填充物穩定化而抵抗高速水剪力。 In another example form, the invention includes a method of covering the ground for erosion control. The method comprises the steps of: (a) placing synthetic grass on top of the ground, the synthetic grass having a liner and synthetic grass blades extending from the liner; (b) applying a dry filler ballast to the synthesis And (c) applying a wetting agent to the dry filler to cure the dry filler to a bonded filler to stabilize the filler against high speed water shear.

視情況,該乾燥填充物壓載包含水泥且該潤濕劑包括水。 Optionally, the dry fill ballast comprises cement and the wetting agent comprises water.

在另一實例形式中,本發明包括一種被覆地面以用於侵蝕控制之方法。該方法包含以下步驟:(a)將合成草放置於該地面之頂部上,該合成草具有襯墊及自該襯墊延伸之合成草葉片;(b)將乾燥填充物壓載施加至該合成草;及(c)將濕潤結合劑施加至該乾燥填充物以使該乾燥填充物黏合成經結合填充物來使砂/土填充物穩定化而抵 抗高速水剪力。 In another example form, the invention includes a method of covering the ground for erosion control. The method comprises the steps of: (a) placing synthetic grass on top of the ground, the synthetic grass having a liner and synthetic grass blades extending from the liner; (b) applying a dry filler ballast to the synthesis And (c) applying a wetting binder to the dry filler to adhere the dry filler to the bonded filler to stabilize the sand/soil filler Resistance to high speed water shear.

視情況,該乾燥填充物壓載包含粒狀材料且該結合劑包括聚合物。在另一形式中,該結合劑包括水泥漿。視情況,該乾燥填充物壓載可包含砂及/或礫石。 Optionally, the dry filler ballast comprises a particulate material and the binder comprises a polymer. In another form, the bonding agent comprises a cement slurry. Optionally, the dry fill ballast may comprise sand and/or gravel.

應理解,本發明不限於本文中所闡述及/或所展示之特定裝置、方法、條件或參數,且本文中所使用之術語僅出於藉由實例方式闡述特定實施例之目的。因此,術語意欲被廣泛地解釋且並不意欲成為所主張本發明之限制。舉例而言,如在包括隨附申請專利範圍之說明書中所使用,單數形式「一(a)」、「一(an)」及「一個(one)」包含複數,術語「或」意指「及/或」,且對特定數值之提及至少包含彼特定值,除非內容脈絡另有清楚的指示。另外,本文中所闡述之任何方法並不意欲限於所闡述之步驟之順序而是可以其他順序進行,除非本文中另有明確陳述。 It is understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, methods, conditions, or parameters disclosed and/or illustrated herein, and the terminology used herein is for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments. Therefore, the terminology is intended to be interpreted broadly and is not intended to be a limitation of the invention. The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are used in the singular, and the And / or ", and the reference to a particular value includes at least one particular value unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, any methods described herein are not intended to be limited to the order of the steps illustrated, but may be performed in other sequences, unless otherwise explicitly stated herein.

110‧‧‧合成地面被覆系統 110‧‧‧Synthetic ground covering system

140‧‧‧合成草皮/草皮 140‧‧‧Synthetic turf/turf

141‧‧‧合成草皮葉片/合成草葉片/綠色聚乙烯纖維/聚乙烯草絲 141‧‧‧Synthetic turf leaves/synthetic grass leaves/green polyethylene fiber/polyethylene straw

142‧‧‧襯墊/基板 142‧‧‧ liner/substrate

160‧‧‧經穩定化/經結合砂/土填充物/砂/土層/經灌漿砂/土填充物 160‧‧‧Stabilized/combined sand/soil filler/sand/soil/sanded sand/soil filler

210‧‧‧合成地面被覆系統/被覆系統/系統 210‧‧‧Synthetic Ground Coating System/Coated System/System

220‧‧‧下部過濾織物/地工過濾件 220‧‧‧Lower filter fabric/ground filter

230‧‧‧開放柵網/地工網 230‧‧‧Open grid/ground network

240‧‧‧合成草皮 240‧‧‧Synthetic turf

241‧‧‧葉片 241‧‧‧ leaves

242‧‧‧襯墊 242‧‧‧ cushion

260‧‧‧經穩定化/經結合砂/土填充物 260‧‧‧ stabilized/combined sand/soil filler

310‧‧‧合成地面被覆系統/被覆系統/系統 310‧‧‧Synthetic Ground Coating System / Covering System / System

340‧‧‧合成草皮 340‧‧‧Synthetic turf

341‧‧‧葉片 341‧‧‧ leaves

342‧‧‧襯墊 342‧‧‧ cushion

350‧‧‧不透性地工隔膜 350‧‧‧impermeable diaphragm

351‧‧‧上部結塊 351‧‧‧ upper agglomeration

352‧‧‧上部結塊 352‧‧‧Upper agglomeration

353‧‧‧上部結塊 353‧‧‧Upper agglomeration

354‧‧‧上部結塊 354‧‧‧ upper agglomeration

357‧‧‧尖狀物 357‧‧‧ pointed

358‧‧‧尖狀物 358‧‧‧ pointed

359‧‧‧尖狀物 359‧‧‧ pointed

360‧‧‧經穩定化/經結合砂/土填充物 360‧‧‧ stabilized/combined sand/soil filler

410‧‧‧合成地面被覆系統/被覆系統/系統 410‧‧‧Synthetic Ground Covering System / Covering System / System

440‧‧‧合成草皮 440‧‧‧ synthetic turf

441‧‧‧葉片 441‧‧‧ leaves

442‧‧‧襯墊 442‧‧‧ cushion

443‧‧‧胺基甲酸酯障壁 443‧‧‧carbamate barrier

460‧‧‧經穩定化/經結合砂/土填充物 460‧‧‧ stabilized/combined sand/soil filler

610‧‧‧合成地面被覆系統/地面被覆系統/系統 610‧‧‧Synthetic Ground Covering System/Ground Covering System/System

640‧‧‧合成草皮 640‧‧‧ synthetic turf

641‧‧‧葉片 641‧‧‧ leaves

642‧‧‧襯墊 642‧‧‧ cushion

650‧‧‧不透性襯墊/不透性層/層/非平坦不透性層 650‧‧‧Aperture liner/impermeable layer/layer/non-flat opaque layer

660‧‧‧填充物壓載 660‧‧‧fill ballast

S‧‧‧土 S‧‧‧ soil

圖1係根據本發明之第一實例之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統之示意性剖視圖。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a synthetic floor covering system for erosion control in accordance with a first example of the present invention.

圖2係根據本發明之另一實例之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統之示意性剖視圖,該合成地面被覆系統經展示在該系統之底部處具有開放網狀柵排水系統。 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a synthetic floor covering system for erosion control in accordance with another example of the present invention showing an open mesh gate drainage system at the bottom of the system.

圖3A係根據本發明之另一實例之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統之示意性剖視圖。 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a synthetic floor covering system for erosion control in accordance with another example of the present invention.

圖3B圖3A之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統之示意性詳細剖視圖 Figure 3B is a schematic detailed cross-sectional view of the synthetic floor covering system for erosion control of Figure 3A .

圖4係根據本發明之另一實例之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統之示意性剖視圖。 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a synthetic floor covering system for erosion control in accordance with another example of the present invention.

圖5A係圖1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統之示意性剖視圖 且經展示安裝於各種坡面之地形上方。 Figure 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the synthetic floor covering system for erosion control of Figure 1 and is shown mounted over terrain on various slopes.

圖5B圖5A之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統之示意性詳細剖視圖。 Figure 5B is a schematic detailed cross-sectional view of the synthetic floor covering system for erosion control of Figure 5A .

圖6A係根據本發明之另一實例之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統之示意性剖視圖。 Figure 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a synthetic floor covering system for erosion control in accordance with another example of the present invention.

圖6B圖6A之合成地面被覆物之頂部透視圖 Figure 6B is a top perspective view of the synthetic floor covering of Figure 6A .

圖6C係圖6A之合成地面被覆物之底部透視圖。 Figure 6C is a bottom perspective view of the synthetic floor covering of Figure 6A.

本發明提供以用於路堤、溝渠、防洪堤、水道、下陡槽、掩埋場及曝露於水及風之剪力之其他陡峭地形地面狀況中之侵蝕防護層。 The present invention provides an erosion protection layer for use in embankments, ditches, flood levees, waterways, lower steep troughs, landfills, and other steep terrain conditions exposed to shear forces of water and wind.

在本發明之一項實例形式中,合成草與經結合/經穩定化填充物壓載組合使用以提供新的及有用地面被覆系統,同時亦提供不需要維護之有益的侵蝕防護系統。此組合(有時稱為複合材料)可用於被覆坡面且給排水溝渠、灘槽及下陡槽加襯。藉助本發明之被覆系統,擁有者及操作者可藉由用不需要植物供養及不需要已知先前技術最後被覆系統中典型之表土層之合成草構造被覆系統而實現顯著的成本節約。 In one embodiment of the invention, the synthetic grass is used in combination with the bonded/stabilized filler ballast to provide a new and useful floor covering system while also providing a beneficial erosion protection system that does not require maintenance. This combination (sometimes referred to as composite material) can be used to cover slopes and to lining drainage drains, beach troughs, and lower steep troughs. With the coating system of the present invention, the owner and the operator can achieve significant cost savings by constructing the coating system with synthetic grass that does not require plant support and does not require the prior art top layer typical of the prior art coating system.

更特定而言,在第一實例形式中,本發明包括欲放置於地面之頂部上之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其包含包括簇生有合成紗線之一或多個地工織物之複合物之合成草。合成地面被覆物亦包含施加至合成草之經穩定化/經結合填充物壓載(經穩定化抵抗高速水剪力)。 More particularly, in a first example form, the invention includes a synthetic floor covering system for erosion control to be placed on top of the ground, comprising one or more of a composite fabric comprising tufted synthetic yarns. Synthetic grass of complex. The synthetic floor covering also contains stabilized/combined filler ballast applied to the synthetic grass (stabilized against high speed water shear).

視情況,填充物壓載包括砂或土且用諸如水泥、砂漿、石灰或諸如此類之結合劑結合。 Optionally, the filler ballast comprises sand or soil and is combined with a binder such as cement, mortar, lime or the like.

使用本發明,可用此系統給下陡槽及溝渠加襯以抵抗水及風之大的剪力而不沖刷該系統下方之土。人造草皮提供砂填充物與下方地面之分離且草皮葉片充當砂填充物之結構加強件同時提供美觀上令人 愉悅之表面。頂部上之砂填充物由施加至該砂填充物之結合劑穩定化以免被沖走或吹走,該結合劑通常具有使砂膠結或黏合在一起之效應。此允許本發明抵抗來自水或風之大的剪力。就此而言,黏合強度不必係極其高的。實際上,不必達成如(舉例而言)混凝土一樣大的結構強度。替代地,結合劑僅將砂固持在一起抵抗風及水之侵蝕力係足夠的。就此而言,砂/土藉由結合劑結合至其他砂顆粒及/或至合成草皮葉片。 Using the present invention, the system can be used to line the lower chutes and ditches against the large shear forces of water and wind without scouring the soil beneath the system. Artificial turf provides separation of the sand filler from the underlying ground and the turf blade acts as a structural reinforcement for the sand filler while providing aesthetic appeal The surface of pleasure. The sand filler on top is stabilized by the binder applied to the sand filler from being washed away or blown away, and the binder typically has the effect of cementing or bonding the sand together. This allows the invention to resist shear forces from water or wind. In this regard, the bond strength does not have to be extremely high. In fact, it is not necessary to achieve structural strength as large as, for example, concrete. Alternatively, the binder only holds the sand together to resist the wind and water erosive forces. In this regard, the sand/soil is bonded to other sand particles and/or to synthetic turf leaves by a binder.

圖1係根據本發明之用於侵蝕控制之實例性合成地面被覆系統110且展示被覆有本發明之地面被覆侵蝕控制系統之土S之表面之示意性剖視圖。該系統包含合成草皮140,該合成草皮包含襯墊142及固定至該襯墊之合成草皮葉片141。經穩定化/經結合砂/土填充物160係放置於襯墊142上面之合成草皮140之底部中。根據需要,在鋪設用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統110之前,土S可加蓋有砂路基、礫石路基或中間被覆物。在此第一實例性實施例中,合成草皮140或多或少直接放置於土S之頂部上。如以下將看到,該系統亦可具備插置於土S與草皮140之間的額外元件。 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary synthetic floor covering system 110 for erosion control in accordance with the present invention and showing the surface of soil S coated with the ground covering erosion control system of the present invention. The system includes a synthetic turf 140 comprising a liner 142 and a synthetic turf blade 141 secured to the liner. A stabilized/combined sand/soil filler 160 is placed in the bottom of the synthetic turf 140 above the liner 142. The soil S may be covered with a sand subgrade, a gravel roadbed or an intermediate covering prior to laying the synthetic floor covering system 110 for erosion control, as desired. In this first exemplary embodiment, the synthetic turf 140 is placed more or less directly on top of the soil S. As will be seen below, the system can also have additional components interposed between the soil S and the turf 140.

較佳地,使用合成草皮140作為合成地面被覆系統之主要組件。其可使用編織機或簇絨機而構造,該編織機或簇絨機可使用(舉例而言)1,000個以上針來產生約15英尺之草皮寬度。較佳地,合成草皮包含經簇生以具有介於約0.5英寸與4英寸之間的葉片長度之合成草葉片141(其包括聚乙烯單絲及/或切割薄膜原纖化纖維或非原纖化纖維)。根據需要,其他聚合物可用於合成草葉片。較佳地,簇生合成草葉片141以具有介於約1.5英寸與3英寸之間的葉片長度。最佳地,簇生合成草葉片141以具有約1.5英寸之葉片長度。視情況,簇生合成草葉片141以具有介於約20盎司/平方碼與約120盎司/平方碼之間的密度。較佳地,合成草葉片具有至少約100微米之厚度。 Preferably, synthetic turf 140 is used as the primary component of the synthetic floor covering system. It can be constructed using a braiding machine or a tufting machine that can use, for example, more than 1,000 needles to create a turf width of about 15 feet. Preferably, the synthetic turf comprises synthetic grass blades 141 that are tufted to have a blade length of between about 0.5 inches and 4 inches (which comprises polyethylene monofilament and/or diced film fibrillated fibers or non-fibrillated fibers) fiber). Other polymers can be used to synthesize grass blades as needed. Preferably, the tufted synthetic grass blades 141 have a blade length of between about 1.5 inches and 3 inches. Most preferably, the synthetic grass blades 141 are clustered to have a blade length of about 1.5 inches. Optionally, the tufted synthetic grass blade 141 has a density of between about 20 ounces per square yard and about 120 ounces per square yard. Preferably, the synthetic grass blade has a thickness of at least about 100 microns.

將合成草葉片141簇生至包括合成經編織或非編織織物之基板或襯墊142中。此外,根據需要,此襯墊可係單一層襯墊或可係多層襯墊。視情況,可將地工過濾件固定至基板以加強該基板並較佳地固定合成草葉片。 The synthetic grass blades 141 are clustered into a substrate or liner 142 comprising a synthetic woven or non-woven fabric. Further, the liner may be a single layer liner or a multilayer liner, as desired. Optionally, the geomembrane filter can be secured to the substrate to reinforce the substrate and preferably secure the synthetic grass blade.

應對合成草皮組件之化學組合物進行選擇以抵抗由於曝露於日光(其產生熱且含有紫外線輻射)所致之降級。當經受低溫時,聚合物紗線不應變得易脆。合成草色彩及紋理之選擇應在美觀上係令人愉悅的。 The chemical composition of the synthetic turf component should be selected to resist degradation due to exposure to sunlight, which generates heat and contains ultraviolet radiation. The polymer yarn should not become brittle when subjected to low temperatures. The choice of synthetic grass color and texture should be aesthetically pleasing.

實際草狀組件較佳地由簇生至經編織或非編織地工織物中之長度約1.5英寸至約2.5英寸之綠色聚乙烯纖維141組成。針對非常陡峭側坡面中之附加強度,可簇生額外地工過濾件組件襯墊以用於改良尺寸穩定性。聚乙烯草絲141較佳地具有至少15年之長期操作壽命。 The actual grass component is preferably comprised of green polyethylene fibers 141 that are tufted into a woven or non-woven fabric having a length of from about 1.5 inches to about 2.5 inches. For additional strength in very steep side slopes, additional filter element assembly liners can be clustered for improved dimensional stability. The polyethylene straw 141 preferably has a long-term operational life of at least 15 years.

約0.5英寸至約2.0英寸之砂/土層160作為填充物放置於合成草皮之頂部上以壓載材料並保護系統抵抗風上舉力以及提供尺寸穩定性。較佳地,填充物係介於約0.5英寸與1英寸之間。砂/土層提供使地工織物免受紫外線光之額外防護。此外,砂/土壓載用水泥、砂漿、石灰或另一結合劑黏合以便抵抗陡峭側坡面、排水溝渠及下陡槽上之水及風之剪力。就此而言,首先將合成草皮140放置於地面上方且接著砂/土填充物以乾燥形式散佈於合成草皮上方。此允許乾燥填充物材料容易且有效地下沉至合成草皮之底部中。此後,給該填充物澆水(如藉由在草皮上方噴水)且允許其固化成經硬化、經結合填充物層。就此而言,砂/土填充物經結合至其本身且經結合至合成草皮之個別葉片。因此,在經結合填充物於某些地方破裂之情形下,草皮之個別葉片充當錨定件且幫助將該經結合填充物固持於適當位置。 A sand/soil layer 160 of about 0.5 inches to about 2.0 inches is placed as a filler on top of the synthetic turf to ballast the material and protect the system against wind uplift and dimensional stability. Preferably, the filler is between about 0.5 inches and 1 inch. The sand/soil layer provides additional protection from the UV fabric. In addition, sand/soil ballast is bonded with cement, mortar, lime or another binder to resist the shear of water and wind on steep side slopes, drains and lower channels. In this regard, the synthetic turf 140 is first placed over the ground and then the sand/soil filler is spread over the synthetic turf in dry form. This allows the dry filler material to be easily and effectively submerged into the bottom of the synthetic turf. Thereafter, the filler is watered (e.g., by spraying water over the turf) and allowed to cure into a hardened, bonded filler layer. In this regard, the sand/soil filler is bonded to itself and to individual blades of the synthetic turf. Thus, in the event that the bonded filler breaks at some location, the individual blades of the turf act as anchors and help hold the bonded filler in place.

「砂/土」填充物包含真正的砂(包含矽砂、石英砂等)、土、黏土、其混合物等,其亦包含類似砂或土之物件。舉例而言,可採用來 自採石場之粒狀尾砂(類似粒狀大理石、石英、花崗岩等之物件)。此外,可使用小礫石作為「砂/土」填充物。就此而言,較佳的,填充物本質上係無機的以便係極穩定且持續時間長久的。但在某些應用中可採用有機粒狀材料。此外,結合劑可係無機或有機的。較佳地,結合劑係無機的(再次,為穩定性及長久使用壽命)。水泥、砂漿、浸灰劑等很好地適合此應用。但可採用諸如有機結合劑之其他結合劑。舉例而言,可使用基於聚合物之結合劑(舉例而言,胺基甲酸酯產品)。實際上,近來,用於將小礫石結合於路徑中之噴塗結合劑已以商標名稱「Klingstone」進入市場且由北卡羅來納州韋恩斯維爾之Klingstone公司售賣。 The "sand/soil" filler contains real sand (including strontium sand, quartz sand, etc.), earth, clay, mixtures thereof, etc., which also contain articles similar to sand or earth. For example, it can be used Granular tailings from quarry (similar to granular marble, quartz, granite, etc.). In addition, small gravel can be used as a "sand/soil" filler. In this regard, preferably, the filler is inorganic in nature so that it is extremely stable and lasts for a long time. However, organic particulate materials may be employed in certain applications. Further, the binder may be inorganic or organic. Preferably, the binder is inorganic (again, for stability and long life). Cement, mortar, liming agent, etc. are well suited for this application. However, other binders such as organic binders may be employed. For example, a polymer based binder (for example, a urethane product) can be used. In fact, recently, spray bonding agents for incorporating small gravel into the path have been marketed under the trade name "Klingstone" and sold by Klingstone Corporation of Waynesville, North Carolina.

申請人已發現,約三份砂及一份水泥之處方作為乾燥填充物起到良好作用。一旦經潤濕且經固化,此經結合砂填充物提供抵抗由風造成之對草皮之上舉之優良壓載且亦抵抗來自風或雨或高處水流之損害或侵蝕。約相等份之砂及水泥之處方亦起到良好作用,此等兩個實例之間的比率亦如此。然而,出於經濟原因,應選擇使用僅與所需要一樣多之水泥以便將填充物固持在一起且固持至合成草皮葉片,此乃因水泥比砂昂貴(一般而言)。因此,接近於3:1之處方一般而言係更經濟的但具有更低強度,而接近於1:1之處方一般而言較堅固但更昂貴。此外,砂/水泥/石灰之2:2:1之處方亦起到良好作用。此外,可使用飛灰替代石灰。 Applicants have found that about three parts of sand and one part of the cement work well as a dry filler. Once wetted and cured, the bonded sand filler provides resistance to erosion that is caused by the wind and is superior to the turf and is also resistant to damage or erosion from wind or rain or high water flow. Approximately equal parts of sand and cement also played a good role, as did the ratio between these two examples. However, for economic reasons, it is desirable to use as much cement as is needed to hold the filler together and hold it to the synthetic turf blade, as cement is more expensive than sand (generally). Thus, a location near 3:1 is generally more economical but has a lower strength, while a side close to 1:1 is generally stronger but more expensive. In addition, sand/cement/lime 2:2:1 also plays a good role. In addition, fly ash can be used instead of lime.

有利地,甚至在期望高濃縮流之處(例如,下陡槽、大的排水灘槽)亦可使用本發明。為此,用諸如水泥、砂漿、石灰等結合劑來使砂/土填充物穩定化。此形成或多或少經灌漿或經結合砂/土填充物160以抵抗水流或風之剪力。 Advantageously, the invention may be used even where a high concentration flow is desired (e.g., a lower steep channel, a large drainage channel). For this purpose, binders such as cement, mortar, lime, etc. are used to stabilize the sand/soil filler. This formation is more or less grouted or combined with sand/soil filler 160 to resist the shear of water or wind.

本發明組合使用合成草以提供令人愉悅的視覺外觀,需要極小維護之侵蝕防護。本發明併入經結合填充物,其與合成草一起可處置 極快速之水徑流。因此,本發明之被覆系統可經安裝於極陡峭之坡面上,該等極陡峭坡面通常出現在路堤、防洪堤、壩、下陡槽、掩埋場及物料堆中。該系統可用作可抵抗水或風之大的剪力之侵蝕控制材料。 The present invention combines synthetic grass to provide a pleasing visual appearance that requires minimal maintenance erosion protection. The invention incorporates a bonded filler that can be disposed of with synthetic grass Extremely fast water runoff. Thus, the coating system of the present invention can be installed on extremely steep slopes that are commonly found in embankments, flood levees, dams, lower steep troughs, landfills, and material piles. The system can be used as an erosion control material that resists the shear forces of water or wind.

除以上所闡述之實施例之外,該系統亦可呈現其他形式。舉例而言,該系統可包括具有由合成草皮上覆之排水層之隔膜,該合成草皮具有使用本文中所闡述之結合劑中之任何結合劑及諸如此類之經膠結(經穩定化)填充物。在此實施例中,底部層包含經結構化低可透性隔膜(視情況底部側上具有經紋理化或尖狀物且頂部側上具有排水柱)及頂部層。頂部層可包含草皮(舉例而言,具有1.5英寸絨毛高度)及砂、石灰與水泥混合物之填充物。在一項實例中,填充物可係0.75英寸之混合物。 In addition to the embodiments set forth above, the system can take other forms as well. For example, the system can include a membrane having a drainage layer overlying a synthetic turf having a cemented (stabilized) filler using any of the binders set forth herein and the like. In this embodiment, the bottom layer comprises a structured low permeability membrane (as the case has a textured or pointed on the bottom side and a drainage column on the top side) and a top layer. The top layer may comprise turf (for example, having a 1.5 inch pile height) and a filler of sand, lime and cement mixture. In one example, the filler can be a 0.75 inch mixture.

圖2係根據本發明之第二實例之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統210之示意性剖視圖,該合成地面被覆系統經展示在該系統之底部處具有開放網狀柵排水系統。類似於圖1之實例性實施例,圖2中所展示之用於侵蝕控制之實例性被覆系統210用以控制對土S之侵蝕。系統210包含下部過濾織物(地工過濾件)220、開放柵網或地工網230以及合成草皮240。合成草皮240包含襯墊242及固定至該襯墊之葉片241。將經穩定化/經結合砂/土填充物260放置於襯墊242上面之合成草皮240之底部中。根據需要,在鋪設用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統210之前,土S可加蓋有砂路基、礫石路基或中間被覆物。較佳地,下部過濾織物220包括經編織或非編織合成織物。在某些應用中,可用具有低可透性之障壁地工隔膜替換下部過濾織物220。 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a synthetic floor covering system 210 for erosion control in accordance with a second example of the present invention showing an open mesh grid drainage system at the bottom of the system. The exemplary embodiment is similar to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 shows an example of the coating for erosion control system 210 for controlling the erosion of the soil S. System 210 includes a lower filter fabric (ground filter) 220, an open grid or geonet 230, and a synthetic turf 240. The synthetic turf 240 includes a liner 242 and a blade 241 secured to the liner. The stabilized/combined sand/soil filler 260 is placed in the bottom of the synthetic turf 240 above the liner 242. The soil S may be covered with a sand roadbed, a gravel roadbed or an intermediate covering prior to laying the synthetic floor covering system 210 for erosion control, as desired. Preferably, the lower filter fabric 220 comprises a woven or non-woven synthetic fabric. In some applications, the lower filter fabric 220 can be replaced with a barrier film having a low permeability barrier.

圖3A及圖3B繪示根據本發明之第三實例之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統310,其經展示在該系統之底部處不具有開放網狀柵。類似於圖1之實例性實施例,此等圖中所展示之用於侵蝕控制之實例 性被覆系統310用以控制對土S之侵蝕。系統310包含不透性地工隔膜350及合成草皮340。不透性地工隔膜350係底部表面上具有細長尖狀物且頂部表面上具有楔狀或柱狀結塊之聚合型薄層。舉例而言,參見上部結塊351至354及尖狀物357至359。下部尖狀物有助於將不透性地工隔膜錨定至土S且上部結塊有助於將合成草皮340錨定至不透性地工隔膜350。上部結塊亦提供其中水可在合成草皮下之薄膜上方流動之穿透式排水層或空間。合成草皮340包含襯墊342及固定至該襯墊之葉片341。將經穩定化/經結合砂/土填充物360放置於襯墊342上面之合成草皮340之底部中。 3A and 3B illustrate a synthetic floor covering system 310 for erosion control in accordance with a third example of the present invention, shown without an open mesh grid at the bottom of the system. Similar to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the exemplary coating system 310 for erosion control shown in these figures is used to control erosion of soil S. System 310 includes an impervious membrane 350 and a synthetic turf 340. The impervious geomembrane 350 is a polymeric thin layer having elongated tips on the bottom surface and wedge-shaped or columnar agglomerates on the top surface. For example, see upper agglomerates 351 through 354 and spikes 357 through 359. The lower spikes help anchor the impermeable membrane to the soil S and the upper agglomerates help anchor the synthetic turf 340 to the impervious membrane 350. The upper agglomerates also provide a penetrating drainage layer or space in which water can flow over the film under the synthetic turf. The synthetic turf 340 includes a pad 342 and a blade 341 secured to the pad. The stabilized/combined sand/soil filler 360 is placed in the bottom of the synthetic turf 340 above the liner 342.

圖4係根據本發明之用於侵蝕控制之另一合成地面被覆系統410之示意性剖視圖,其經展示在合成草皮之襯墊上具有加強件層。類似於圖1之實例性實施例,圖4中所展示之用於侵蝕控制之實例性被覆系統410用以控制對土S之侵蝕。系統410包含合成草皮440,該合成草皮包含襯墊442及固定至該襯墊之葉片441。襯墊442可係單一層襯墊或多層襯墊。胺基甲酸酯障壁443經施加至襯墊442之底側且起到加強襯墊及葉片441與襯墊442之間的連接兩者之作用。胺基甲酸酯障壁443亦使襯墊442通常係不透水的。將經穩定化/經結合砂/土填充物460放置於襯墊442上面之合成草皮440之底部中。 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another synthetic floor covering system 410 for erosion control in accordance with the present invention, shown with a reinforcement layer on a synthetic turf pad. The exemplary embodiment is similar to FIG. 1, FIG. 4 shows an example of a coating for erosion control system 410 for controlling the erosion of the soil S. System 410 includes a synthetic turf 440 that includes a liner 442 and a blade 441 secured to the liner. Pad 442 can be a single layer liner or a multilayer liner. The urethane barrier 443 is applied to the underside of the liner 442 and functions as both a reinforcing liner and a connection between the blade 441 and the liner 442. The urethane barrier 443 also renders the liner 442 generally watertight. The stabilized/combined sand/soil filler 460 is placed in the bottom of the synthetic turf 440 above the liner 442.

圖5A圖5B展示應用於變化坡面之地形上方之圖1之實例性實施例。此合成地面被覆系統110具有處置高強度降水之能力且避免對砂/土填充物壓載之侵蝕及/或草皮上之介於自1磅/平方英尺至25磅/平方英尺以上之範圍中之剪應力。 5A and 5B show an exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 applied to a topography of a varying slope. The synthetic floor covering system 110 has the ability to handle high intensity precipitation and avoid erosion of sand/soil filler ballast and/or turf ranging from 1 lb./ft. to 25 lb./ft. Shear stress.

申請者已發現,砂作為主要壓載劑尤其起到良好作用,但土亦起到良好作用。甚至小礫石亦可用作主要壓載劑。此外,申請人已發現,在大部分應用中起到最好作用的結合劑係水泥,但其他結合劑亦可起作用。因此,儘管具水泥系材料係較佳結合劑,但其他材料亦可 起作用。 Applicants have found that sand as a primary ballast particularly works well, but soil also plays a good role. Even small gravel can be used as the primary ballast. In addition, Applicants have discovered that the binder that works best in most applications is cement, but other binders can also function. Therefore, although cement-based materials are preferred binders, other materials may also kick in.

圖6A係根據本發明之另一實例之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統610之示意性剖視圖。類似於圖1之實例性實施例,用於侵蝕控制之地面被覆系統610用以控制對土S之侵蝕。系統610一般而言包含合成草皮640,該合成草皮包含襯墊642及固定至該襯墊之葉片641。襯墊642可係單一層或多層襯墊。不透性襯墊或層650經施加至或經形成於襯墊642之底側上且起到加強襯墊642及葉片641與襯墊642之間的連接兩者之作用。較佳地,不透性層650使襯墊642通常係不透水的,因此阻止存在於襯墊642上面之水或其他液體浸入土S。填充物壓載660經施加至襯墊頂部上之合成草且結合劑經施加至填充物壓載以保護填充物壓載抵抗高速水剪力。 Figure 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a synthetic floor covering system 610 for erosion control in accordance with another example of the present invention. Similar to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, a ground covering system 610 for erosion control is used to control erosion of soil S. System 610 generally includes a synthetic turf 640 that includes a liner 642 and a blade 641 secured to the liner. Pad 642 can be a single layer or multiple layers of padding. An impermeable liner or layer 650 is applied to or formed on the underside of the liner 642 and functions to both strengthen the liner 642 and the connection between the blade 641 and the liner 642. Preferably, the impermeable layer 650 is such that the liner 642 is generally impervious to water, thereby preventing water or other liquid present on the liner 642 from immersing in the soil S. The filler ballast 660 is applied to the synthetic grass on the top of the liner and the bonding agent is applied to the filler ballast to protect the filler ballast against high velocity water shear.

較佳地,不透性層或襯墊650包括地工織物。視情況,不透性層650包括可透性地工織物及施加至該可透性地工織物以使層650具不透性之不透性聚合物。視情況,不透性聚合物包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯、EPDM或PVC。在一個形式中,不透性聚合物經噴塗至可透性地工織物上且接著經固化。視情況,不透性聚合物經層壓、經膠合、經塗佈或以其他方式施加至可透性地工織物上。在實例形式中,不透性襯墊650實質上係非平坦的以用於抓握非水平、斜坡地面(參見圖6B)。 Preferably, the impermeable layer or liner 650 comprises a geotextile. Optionally, the impermeable layer 650 includes a permeable work fabric and an impermeable polymer applied to the permeable work fabric to render the layer 650 impermeable. The impermeable polymer includes polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, EPDM or PVC, as appropriate. In one form, the impermeable polymer is sprayed onto a permeable work fabric and then cured. Optionally, the impermeable polymer is laminated, glued, coated or otherwise applied to the permeable work fabric. In an example form, the impermeable liner 650 is substantially non-planar for gripping a non-horizontal, sloped ground (see Figure 6B).

在一個選用形式中,固體元件可與不透性聚合物一起併入以在將地面被覆系統610放置於非水平、斜坡地面上時提供較大抓握能力。舉例而言,在一個形式中,將複數個固體或尖的支撐物狀物件放置於可透性地工織物上且不透性聚合物經施加至該可透性地工織物,因此將該複數個物件貼附至該可透性地工織物以提供非平坦不透性層650。在另一選用形式中,該複數個物件併入於不透性聚合物內且在將不透性聚合物噴塗或施加於可透性地工織物上時經貼附至該可透性 地工織物。在又一選用形式中,將包括複數個尖狀物或擠壓部件之大體薄的柵格狀組件放置於可透性地工織物之頂部上且不透性聚合物經施加於該柵格狀組件之頂部上,藉此將該柵格狀組件貼附於不透性層650中。 In one alternative form, the solid element can be incorporated with the impermeable polymer to provide greater grip when the ground covering system 610 is placed on a non-horizontal, sloped surface. For example, in one form, a plurality of solid or pointed support articles are placed on a permeable work fabric and an impermeable polymer is applied to the permeable work fabric, thus the plural An article is attached to the permeable work fabric to provide a non-flat, impermeable layer 650. In another alternative form, the plurality of articles are incorporated into the impermeable polymer and attached to the permeability when the impermeable polymer is sprayed or applied to the permeable work fabric. Geotextile. In yet another alternative form, a generally thin grid-like assembly comprising a plurality of spikes or extruded members is placed on top of the permeable work fabric and an impermeable polymer is applied to the grid On top of the assembly, the grid-like component is thereby attached to the impermeable layer 650.

較佳地,藉由提供貼附至地面被覆系統610之非平坦不透性層650,地面被覆系統610可以單步程序安裝於非水平、斜坡地面上,可認為此可減少製造及安裝成本。 Preferably, by providing a non-flat, impermeable layer 650 attached to the ground covering system 610, the ground covering system 610 can be installed in a single step on a non-horizontal, sloped ground, which can be considered to reduce manufacturing and installation costs.

存在關於本發明之被覆系統之諸多優點。被覆系統減少構造成本,減少每年的操作及維護成本同時提供優越及可靠/一致的美感。其亦減少對昂貴的防沖亂石通道及排水臺地之需要,而甚至在惡劣天氣期間實質上亦不具有侵蝕或淤積問題。其在其中土侵蝕及沈降係主要關注問題之敏感地區中係好的選擇,此乃因土壤流失實質上得以減少。其亦消除對淤積池及相關聯環境構造影響之需要。其允許較陡峭坡面,此乃因將存在土壤穩定性問題之減小風險。 There are many advantages to the coating system of the present invention. The coating system reduces construction costs, reduces annual operating and maintenance costs while providing superior and reliable/consistent aesthetics. It also reduces the need for expensive anti-scouring stone channels and drainage platforms, and does not substantially have erosion or siltation problems even during inclement weather. It is a good choice in sensitive areas where soil erosion and sedimentation are the main concerns, as soil erosion is substantially reduced. It also eliminates the need for siltation tanks and associated environmental structures. It allows for steeper slopes due to the risk of reduced soil stability problems.

儘管已以例示性形式展示並闡述本發明,但熟習此項技術者將明瞭,可在不脫離如由以下申請專利範圍所定義之本發明之精神及範疇之情況下在其中做出諸多修改、添加及刪除。 While the present invention has been shown and described with respect to the embodiments of the invention, it will be understood that many modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims. Add and delete.

110‧‧‧合成地面被覆系統/合成地面被覆系統 110‧‧‧Synthetic Ground Coating System / Synthetic Ground Coating System

140‧‧‧合成草皮/草皮 140‧‧‧Synthetic turf/turf

141‧‧‧合成草皮葉片/合成草葉片/綠色聚乙烯纖維/聚乙烯草絲 141‧‧‧Synthetic turf leaves/synthetic grass leaves/green polyethylene fiber/polyethylene straw

142‧‧‧襯墊/基板 142‧‧‧ liner/substrate

160‧‧‧經穩定化/經結合砂/土填充物/砂/土層/經灌漿砂/土填充物 160‧‧‧Stabilized/combined sand/soil filler/sand/soil/sanded sand/soil filler

S‧‧‧土 S‧‧‧ soil

Claims (24)

一種欲放置於實質上非水平、斜坡地面之頂部上之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其包括:合成草,其包括不透性襯墊與固定至該襯墊且自該襯墊延伸之合成草葉片狀元件之複合物;填充物壓載,其經施加至該襯墊之頂部上之該合成草;結合劑,其經施加至該填充物壓載以保護該填充物壓載抵抗高速水剪力;且其中儘管有來自重力、風及水流之剪力,但該合成地面被覆系統仍可保持於實質上非水平、斜坡地面之頂部上之適當位置中,及其中水並不通過該不透性襯墊排出。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control to be placed on top of a substantially non-horizontal, sloped ground, comprising: synthetic grass comprising an impermeable liner and secured to the liner and extending from the liner a composite of a grass blade element; a filler ballast applied to the synthetic grass on top of the liner; a binder applied to the filler ballast to protect the filler from ballast resistance High-speed water shear; and despite the shear forces from gravity, wind, and water flow, the synthetic floor covering system can remain in place on the top of a substantially non-horizontal, sloped ground, and its water does not pass The impervious liner is discharged. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該不透性襯墊包括地工織物。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the impermeable liner comprises a geotextile. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該不透性襯墊包括可透性地工織物及施加至該可透性地工織物以使該襯墊具不透性之不透性聚合物。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the impermeable liner comprises a permeable work fabric and is applied to the permeable work fabric to make the liner impervious. Permeable polymer. 如請求項3之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該不透性聚合物包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯、EPDM或PVC。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 3, wherein the impermeable polymer comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, EPDM or PVC. 如請求項3之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該不透性聚合物具有約5密耳至40密耳之平均厚度。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 3, wherein the impermeable polymer has an average thickness of from about 5 mils to about 40 mils. 如請求項3之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該不透性聚合物經層壓、經膠合、經噴塗或經塗佈於該可透性地工織物上。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 3, wherein the impermeable polymer is laminated, glued, sprayed or coated onto the permeable work fabric. 如請求項3之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該不透性聚合物係非平坦的以用於抓握該非水平、斜坡地面。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 3, wherein the impermeable polymer is non-planar for gripping the non-horizontal, sloped ground. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該結合劑包括隨後用水固化之水泥系材料。 A synthetic floor covering system for use in erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the binder comprises a cementitious material which is subsequently solidified with water. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該結合劑作為水乳劑施加。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the binder is applied as an aqueous emulsion. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該結合劑包括石灰。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the binder comprises lime. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該結合劑包括砂漿。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the binder comprises a mortar. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該結合劑包括水泥。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the bonding agent comprises cement. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該結合劑包括聚合物。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the binder comprises a polymer. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該填充物在乾燥條件下施加至該合成草且稍後接著將被潤濕以固化成經結合填充物。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the filler is applied to the synthetic grass under dry conditions and then will be subsequently wetted to solidify into a bonded filler. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中施加至該填充物之該結合劑導致具有介於約½英寸與約2英寸之間的深度之經結合填充物。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1 wherein the bonding agent applied to the filler results in a bonded filler having a depth of between about 1⁄2 inch and about 2 inches. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該等合成草葉片充當錨定件以幫助固定該填充物且其中該填充物經結合至該等合成草葉片。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic grass blades act as anchors to help secure the filler and wherein the filler is bonded to the synthetic grass blades. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該合成草具有充當該填充物之加強件之具有介於約0.5英寸與3英寸之間的平均長度之纖維。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic grass has fibers having an average length of between about 0.5 inches and 3 inches as a reinforcement for the filler. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該合成草包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯或耐綸纖維。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic grass comprises polyethylene, polypropylene or nylon fibers. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該合成草包括單絲或切割薄膜纖維。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic grass comprises a monofilament or a cut film fiber. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該合成草具有介於約15盎司/平方碼與120盎司/平方碼之間的密度。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic grass has a density of between about 15 ounces per square yard and 120 ounces per square yard. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中填充物包括砂且該結合劑包括水泥。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the filler comprises sand and the binder comprises cement. 如請求項19之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中按重量,砂對水泥比率係介於約1:1與5:1之間。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 19, wherein the sand to cement ratio is between about 1:1 and 5:1 by weight. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該填充物壓載係無機的且該結合劑係無機的。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein the filler ballast is inorganic and the binder is inorganic. 如請求項1之用於侵蝕控制之合成地面被覆系統,其中該填充物壓載或該結合劑中之至少一者係有機的。 A synthetic floor covering system for erosion control according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the filler ballast or the binder is organic.
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