TWI593111B - Semiconductor device - Google Patents
Semiconductor device Download PDFInfo
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- TWI593111B TWI593111B TW102128092A TW102128092A TWI593111B TW I593111 B TWI593111 B TW I593111B TW 102128092 A TW102128092 A TW 102128092A TW 102128092 A TW102128092 A TW 102128092A TW I593111 B TWI593111 B TW I593111B
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Description
本發明係關於一種非平面半導體裝置,特別是關於一種具有磊晶結構的非平面半導體裝置。 The present invention relates to a non-planar semiconductor device, and more particularly to a non-planar semiconductor device having an epitaxial structure.
隨著場效電晶體(field effect transistors,FETs)元件尺寸持續地縮小,習知平面式(planar)場效電晶體元件之發展已面臨製程上之極限。為了克服製程限制,以非平面(non-planar)場效電晶體元件,例如多閘極場效電晶體(multi-gate MOSFET)元件及鰭式場效電晶體(fin field effect transistor,Fin FET)元件取代平面電晶體元件已成為目前之主流發展趨趨勢。由於非平面電晶體元件的立體結構可增加閘極與鰭狀結構的接觸面積,因此可進一步增加閘極對於載子通道區域的控制,從而降低小尺寸元件面臨的由源極引發的能帶降低(drain induced barrier lowering,DIBL)效應,並可以抑制短通道效應(short channel effect,SCE)。此外,相較於平面式場效電晶體元件,非平面電晶體元件在同樣的閘極長度下具有較寬的通道寬度,因而亦可提供加倍的汲極驅動電流。 As the size of field effect transistors (FETs) components continues to shrink, the development of conventional planar field effect transistor components has faced process limitations. In order to overcome process limitations, non-planar field effect transistor components, such as multi-gate MOSFET components and fin field effect transistor (Fin FET) components Replacing planar transistor components has become the mainstream trend. Since the three-dimensional structure of the non-planar transistor element can increase the contact area between the gate and the fin structure, the control of the gate to the carrier channel region can be further increased, thereby reducing the source-induced energy band reduction of the small-sized component. The (drain induced barrier lowering, DIBL) effect can suppress the short channel effect (SCE). In addition, compared to planar field effect transistor components, non-planar transistor components have a wider channel width at the same gate length and thus provide double drain drive current.
另一方面,目前業界亦發展出所謂的「應變矽(strained-silicon)技術」,以進一步增加電晶體元件的載子遷移率。舉例來說,其中一種主流的應變矽技術係將矽鍺(SiGe)或矽碳(SiC)等晶格常數(lattice constant)不同於單晶矽(single crystal Si)的磊晶 結構設置於半導體元件的源/汲極區域。由於矽鍺磊晶結構及矽碳磊晶結構的晶格常數分別比單晶矽大及小,使得鄰近於磊晶結構之載子通道會感受到外加應力,而相應地產生了晶格以及帶結構(band structure)的改變。在此情況之下,載子遷移率以及相對應場效電晶體的速度均可有效提昇。 On the other hand, the so-called "strained-silicon technology" has been developed in the industry to further increase the carrier mobility of the transistor components. For example, one of the mainstream strain enthalpy techniques is that the lattice constant of bismuth (SiGe) or germanium carbon (SiC) is different from that of single crystal Si. The structure is disposed in a source/drain region of the semiconductor element. Since the lattice constants of the germanium epitaxial structure and the germanium carbon epitaxial structure are larger and smaller than the single crystal germanium, respectively, the carrier channel adjacent to the epitaxial structure will feel the applied stress, and the lattice and the band are correspondingly generated. A change in the structure of the band. Under this circumstance, the carrier mobility and the speed of the corresponding field effect transistor can be effectively improved.
然而,隨著半導體元件的尺度不斷減縮,即便同時採用非平面場效電晶體元件以及應變矽技術,仍無法解決所有的技術缺失。舉例來說,兩相鄰的磊晶結構一般會因為磊晶過度成長之故而產生不必要的晶格缺陷,降低了磊晶結構所能產生之應力。因此如何排除磊晶結構之晶格缺陷即成為一重要課題。 However, as the scale of semiconductor components continues to shrink, even with the use of non-planar field effect transistor components and strain enthalpy technology, all technical deficiencies cannot be solved. For example, two adjacent epitaxial structures generally generate unnecessary lattice defects due to excessive growth of the epitaxial layer, which reduces the stress that can be generated by the epitaxial structure. Therefore, how to eliminate the lattice defects of the epitaxial structure becomes an important issue.
有鑑於此,本發明之一目的在於提供一種具有磊晶層之半導體裝置,以降低晶格缺陷並改善施加至通道區域之應力數值。 In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor device having an epitaxial layer to reduce lattice defects and improve stress values applied to the channel region.
為了達到上述目的,根據本發明之一較佳實施例,係提供一種半導體裝置,包括至少二鰭狀結構、閘極結構、至少二磊晶結構以及矽蓋層。鰭狀結構係設置於基底上,且閘極結構覆蓋鰭狀結構。磊晶結構均設置於閘極結構之一側,且各自直接接觸各鰭狀結構,其中磊晶結構間係互相分離。矽蓋層係同時包覆磊晶結構。 In order to achieve the above object, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor device comprising at least a two fin structure, a gate structure, at least two epitaxial structures, and a cap layer. The fin structure is disposed on the substrate, and the gate structure covers the fin structure. The epitaxial structures are disposed on one side of the gate structure, and each directly contacts each of the fin structures, wherein the epitaxial structures are separated from each other. The cap layer is simultaneously coated with an epitaxial structure.
根據本發明之另一較佳實施例,係提供一種半導體裝置,包括至少二鰭狀結構、閘極結構、至少二磊晶結構以及矽蓋層。鰭狀結構係設置於基底上,且閘極結構覆蓋鰭狀結構。磊晶結構均設置於閘極結構之一側,且各自直接接觸各鰭狀結構,其中磊晶結構間具有一重疊部,且各磊晶結構具有一寬度,重疊部以及寬度之比 值實質上介於0.001至0.25之間。矽蓋層會同時包覆磊晶結構。 According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor device comprising at least a two fin structure, a gate structure, at least two epitaxial structures, and a cap layer. The fin structure is disposed on the substrate, and the gate structure covers the fin structure. The epitaxial structures are disposed on one side of the gate structure, and each directly contacts each of the fin structures, wherein the epitaxial structures have an overlapping portion, and each of the epitaxial structures has a width, an overlap portion, and a width ratio The value is substantially between 0.001 and 0.25. The cover layer will simultaneously cover the epitaxial structure.
10‧‧‧基底 10‧‧‧Base
10a‧‧‧表面 10a‧‧‧ surface
12‧‧‧鰭狀突起結構 12‧‧‧Fin structure
14‧‧‧頂面 14‧‧‧ top surface
16‧‧‧側面 16‧‧‧ side
20‧‧‧絕緣結構 20‧‧‧Insulation structure
30‧‧‧閘極結構 30‧‧‧ gate structure
32‧‧‧犧牲電極層 32‧‧‧Sacrificial electrode layer
34‧‧‧底層 34‧‧‧ bottom layer
36‧‧‧頂層 36‧‧‧ top
38‧‧‧蓋層 38‧‧‧ cover
40‧‧‧側壁子 40‧‧‧ Sidewall
46‧‧‧蝕刻製程 46‧‧‧ etching process
60‧‧‧凹槽 60‧‧‧ Groove
66‧‧‧磊晶結構 66‧‧‧ epitaxial structure
68‧‧‧矽蓋層 68‧‧‧矽 Cover
68a‧‧‧頂部 68a‧‧‧ top
70‧‧‧層間介電層 70‧‧‧Interlayer dielectric layer
72‧‧‧接觸洞 72‧‧‧Contact hole
74‧‧‧接觸插塞 74‧‧‧Contact plug
H1‧‧‧高度 H1‧‧‧ Height
H2‧‧‧高度 H2‧‧‧ Height
O‧‧‧重疊部 O‧‧‧Overlap
P‧‧‧平面 P‧‧‧ plane
S‧‧‧距離 S‧‧‧ distance
T1‧‧‧厚度 T1‧‧‧ thickness
W‧‧‧寬度 W‧‧‧Width
X‧‧‧第一方向 X‧‧‧ first direction
Y‧‧‧第二方向 Y‧‧‧second direction
Z‧‧‧第三方向 Z‧‧‧ third direction
第1圖至第8圖是根據本發明之一較佳實施例所繪示之鰭式場效電晶體元件的製作方法示意圖。 1 to 8 are schematic views showing a method of fabricating a fin field effect transistor device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第9圖至第10圖是根據本發明之另一較佳實施例所繪示之鰭式場效電晶體元件的製作方法示意圖。 9 to 10 are schematic views showing a method of fabricating a fin field effect transistor device according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第11圖是根據本發明之另一較佳實施例所繪示之鰭式場效電晶體元件的製作方法示意圖。 11 is a schematic view showing a method of fabricating a fin field effect transistor device according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
於下文中,係加以陳述本發明之半導體裝置之具體實施方式,以使本技術領域中具有通常技術者可據以實施本發明。該些具體實施方式可參考相對應的圖式,使該些圖式構成實施方式之一部分。雖然本發明之實施例揭露如下,然而其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範疇內,當可作些許之更動與潤飾。 In the following, specific embodiments of the semiconductor device of the present invention are set forth so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The specific embodiments may be referred to the corresponding drawings, such that the drawings form part of the embodiments. Although the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed as follows, they are not intended to limit the invention, and those skilled in the art can make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
第1圖至第8圖繪示了本發明之第一較佳實施例之半導體裝置之製作方法示意圖。請參照第1圖,第1圖繪示了半導體裝置於初始階段之透視圖。如第1圖所示,在製程初始階段,半導體裝置係具有一基底10以及複數個被設置於此基底10上的鰭狀突起結構12。基底10之主表面10a可具有一預定晶面,且鰭狀突起結構12的長軸軸向係平行於一晶向。舉例來說,對於一塊矽基底而言,上述預定晶面可以是(100)晶面,且鰭狀突起結構12可沿著〈110〉晶向延伸,但晶面與晶向不限於此。除了塊矽基底之外,上述基底10亦可例如 是一含矽基底、一三五族半導體覆矽基底(例如GaAs-on-silicon)、一石墨烯覆矽基底(graphene-on-silicon)或矽覆絕緣(silicon-on-insulator,SOI)基底等半導體基底。 1 to 8 are schematic views showing a method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the semiconductor device in an initial stage. As shown in FIG. 1, in the initial stage of the process, the semiconductor device has a substrate 10 and a plurality of fin-like structures 12 disposed on the substrate 10. The major surface 10a of the substrate 10 may have a predetermined crystal plane, and the major axis of the fin structure 12 is parallel to a crystal orientation. For example, for a germanium substrate, the predetermined crystal plane may be a (100) crystal plane, and the fin structure 12 may extend along the <110> crystal orientation, but the crystal plane and crystal orientation are not limited thereto. In addition to the bulk substrate, the substrate 10 described above may also be, for example Is a germanium-containing substrate, a group of three or five semiconductor semiconductor substrates (such as GaAs-on-silicon), a graphene-on-silicon or a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. A semiconductor substrate.
詳細來說,鰭狀突起結構12的製備方法可包括下列步驟,但不以此為限。舉例來說,首先提供一塊狀基底(未繪示),並在其上形成硬遮罩層(未繪示)。接著利用光微影以及蝕刻製程,將硬遮罩層圖案化,以定義出後續欲對應形成之鰭狀突起結構12的位置。接著,進行一蝕刻製程,將定義於硬遮罩層內的圖案轉移至塊狀基底中,而形成所需之鰭狀突起結構12。最後選擇性地去除硬遮罩層,便可獲得如第1圖所示之結構。在此情況下,鰭狀突起結構12可視為自基底10之一主表面10a延伸出,且彼此間具有相同之成份組成,例如單晶矽。另一方面,當基底並非選自上述塊狀基底,而是選自於三五族半導體覆矽基底時,則鰭狀突起結構的主要組成會與此基底的三五族半導體組成相同。 In detail, the method for preparing the fin-shaped structure 12 may include the following steps, but is not limited thereto. For example, a piece of substrate (not shown) is first provided and a hard mask layer (not shown) is formed thereon. The hard mask layer is then patterned using photolithography and an etch process to define the location of the fin-like structure 12 to be subsequently formed. Next, an etching process is performed to transfer the pattern defined in the hard mask layer into the bulk substrate to form the desired fin-like structure 12. Finally, the hard mask layer is selectively removed to obtain the structure as shown in Fig. 1. In this case, the fin-like structures 12 can be considered to extend from one main surface 10a of the substrate 10 and have the same composition as each other, such as a single crystal germanium. On the other hand, when the substrate is not selected from the above-mentioned bulk substrate, but is selected from the three-five semiconductor semiconductor substrate, the main composition of the fin-shaped structure is the same as that of the three-five semiconductor of the substrate.
在本實施例中,由於在形成鰭狀突起結構12後可選擇性地移除硬遮罩層(未繪示),致使鰭狀突起結構12與後續形成之閘極介電層之間可具有三直接接觸面(包含二接觸側面16及一接觸頂面14)。一般而言,具有此三直接接處面之場效電晶體亦被稱作是三閘極場效電晶體(tri-gate MOSFET)。由於此三閘極場效電晶體內的三直接接觸面均可作為提供載子流通之通道,相較於平面場效電晶體,三閘極場效電晶體在同樣的閘極長度下便會具有較寬的載子通道寬度,致使在相同之驅動電壓下可獲得加倍的汲極驅動電流。除此之外,本實施例亦可選擇性保留硬遮罩層(未繪示),而於後續製程中形成另一具有鰭狀結構之多閘極場效電晶體(multi-gate MOSFET),亦被稱為鰭式場效電晶體(fin field effect transistor,Fin FET)。對於鰭式場效電晶體而言,由於其保留了硬遮罩層(未繪示),因此鰭狀突起結構12與後續形成之閘極介電層之間僅有兩接觸側面。 In this embodiment, since the hard mask layer (not shown) can be selectively removed after the fin-like structure 12 is formed, the fin-like structure 12 and the subsequently formed gate dielectric layer can be Three direct contact faces (including two contact sides 16 and one contact top surface 14). In general, a field effect transistor having the three direct junction faces is also referred to as a three-gate field-effect transistor (tri-gate MOSFET). Since the three direct contact surfaces in the three-gate field effect transistor can serve as a channel for providing carrier flow, the three-gate field effect transistor will have the same gate length as compared with the planar field effect transistor. Having a wider carrier channel width results in a doubled drain drive current at the same drive voltage. In addition, this embodiment can also selectively retain a hard mask layer (not shown), and form another multi-gate field effect transistor with a fin structure in a subsequent process (multi-gate). MOSFET), also known as fin field effect transistor (Fin FET). For a fin field effect transistor, since it retains a hard mask layer (not shown), there are only two contact sides between the fin structure 12 and the subsequently formed gate dielectric layer.
請參照第2圖,第2圖繪示了形成閘極結構後半導體裝置之透視圖。如第2圖所示,絕緣結構20會被形成於基底10上並包覆各鰭狀突起結構12的下部,以電性絕緣後續形成之各電晶體。其中,絕緣結構20可例如為一淺溝渠絕緣(shallow trench isolation,STI)結構,其可藉由一淺溝渠絕緣製程而製得。由於其詳細形成方法為本領域技術人員所熟知,故不再贅述,但本發明不以此為限。 Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the semiconductor device after forming the gate structure. As shown in FIG. 2, an insulating structure 20 is formed on the substrate 10 and covers the lower portion of each fin-like structure 12 to electrically insulate the subsequently formed transistors. The insulating structure 20 can be, for example, a shallow trench isolation (STI) structure, which can be fabricated by a shallow trench isolation process. Since the detailed formation method is well known to those skilled in the art, it will not be described again, but the invention is not limited thereto.
接續,仍如第2圖所示,由下而上依序形成一閘極介電層(未繪示)、一犧牲電極層(未繪示)以及一蓋層(未繪示),以覆蓋基底10以及鰭狀突起結構12。隨之,將蓋層(未繪示)、犧牲電極層(未繪示)以及閘極介電層(未繪示)圖案化,以形成一閘極介電層(未繪示)、一犧牲電極層32以及一蓋層38於基底10以及鰭狀突起結構12上。圖案化後的閘極介電層、犧牲電極層32以及蓋層38可構成一閘極結構30,以橫跨各鰭狀突起結構12並覆蓋各鰭狀突起結構12間的絕緣結構20。根據本實施例,閘極結構30會橫跨二鰭狀突起結構12而形成如第2圖所示之結構。具體來說,閘極結構30會覆蓋各鰭狀突起結構12的部份頂面14以及兩側面16,並覆蓋住部份絕緣結構20的頂面。此外,閘極結構30較佳係沿著一第一方向X延伸,而鰭狀突起結構12較佳係沿著一第二方向Y延伸並沿著一第三方向Z突出基板10。第一方向X、第二方向Y與第三方向Z互相正交,但不限於此。 Continuing, as shown in FIG. 2, a gate dielectric layer (not shown), a sacrificial electrode layer (not shown), and a cap layer (not shown) are sequentially formed from bottom to top to cover Substrate 10 and fin-like structure 12. Subsequently, a cap layer (not shown), a sacrificial electrode layer (not shown), and a gate dielectric layer (not shown) are patterned to form a gate dielectric layer (not shown), a sacrifice The electrode layer 32 and a cap layer 38 are on the substrate 10 and the fin structure 12. The patterned gate dielectric layer, sacrificial electrode layer 32, and cap layer 38 can form a gate structure 30 that spans each fin structure 12 and covers the insulating structure 20 between the fin structures 12. According to this embodiment, the gate structure 30 will span the second fin structure 12 to form the structure as shown in FIG. Specifically, the gate structure 30 covers a portion of the top surface 14 and the two side surfaces 16 of each of the fin structures 12 and covers a top surface of the portion of the insulating structure 20. In addition, the gate structure 30 preferably extends along a first direction X, and the fin structure 12 preferably extends along a second direction Y and protrudes the substrate 10 along a third direction Z. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are orthogonal to each other, but are not limited thereto.
為了便於清楚揭露本發明,在第2圖至第8圖中僅繪示單一閘極結構30,然而其個數亦可根據不同產品需求而有所增加。舉例來說,基板上可設有一個以上且互相平行之閘極結構,使得同一條鰭狀突起結構可被一個以上的閘極結構所覆蓋。此外,同一條閘極結構30較佳係用以作為同一導電型電晶體之閘極,例如作為PMOS電晶體的閘極或NMOS電晶體的閘極。 In order to facilitate the clear disclosure of the present invention, only a single gate structure 30 is illustrated in Figures 2 through 8, however, the number may be increased depending on the needs of different products. For example, more than one and parallel gate structures may be provided on the substrate such that the same fin structure may be covered by more than one gate structure. In addition, the same gate structure 30 is preferably used as a gate of the same conductivity type transistor, for example, as a gate of a PMOS transistor or a gate of an NMOS transistor.
本實施例係以一後置高介電常數後閘極(gate-last for high-K last)製程為例,故閘極結構30亦可被視為是一虛置閘極結構(dummy gate structure)。換言之,閘極介電層將於後續製程中被替換成高介電常數閘極介電層,而犧牲電極層32將會被替換成導電金屬層。在此實施態樣下,閘極介電層可僅為一般方便於後續製程中移除之犧牲材料,例如為一氧化層。犧牲電極層32之組成可以是多晶半導體材料,例如多晶矽,但不以此為限。蓋層可包括由氮化層或氧化層等所組成之單層或多層結構,作為一圖案化的硬遮罩。在本實施例中,蓋層38係為一雙層結構,其由下而上可包含一底層34以及一頂層36,且底層34例如為一氮化層,而頂層36可例如為一氧化層,不以此為限。 In this embodiment, a gate-last for high-K last process is taken as an example, so that the gate structure 30 can also be regarded as a dummy gate structure. ). In other words, the gate dielectric layer will be replaced by a high dielectric constant gate dielectric layer in a subsequent process, and the sacrificial electrode layer 32 will be replaced with a conductive metal layer. In this embodiment, the gate dielectric layer can be only a sacrificial material that is generally convenient for removal in subsequent processes, such as an oxide layer. The composition of the sacrificial electrode layer 32 may be a polycrystalline semiconductor material such as polycrystalline germanium, but is not limited thereto. The cap layer may include a single layer or a multilayer structure composed of a nitride layer or an oxide layer or the like as a patterned hard mask. In this embodiment, the cap layer 38 is a two-layer structure, which may include a bottom layer 34 and a top layer 36 from bottom to top, and the bottom layer 34 is, for example, a nitride layer, and the top layer 36 may be, for example, an oxide layer. Not limited to this.
上述係介紹後置高介電常數後閘極製程的實施態樣,然而本實施例不限於此,其亦可採用一前置高介電常數後閘極(gate-last for high-K first)製程。在此態樣下,閘極介電層可為一高介電常數閘極介電層,其可選自氧化鉿(hafnium oxide,HfO2)、矽酸鉿氧化合物(hafnium silicate,HfSiO4)、矽酸鉿氮氧化合物(hafnium silicon oxynitride,HfSiON)、氧化鋁(aluminum oxide,Al2O3)、氧化鑭 (lanthanum oxide,La2O3)、氧化鉭(tantalum oxide,Ta2O5)、氧化釔(yttrium oxide,Y2O3)、氧化鋯(zirconium oxide,ZrO2)、鈦酸鍶(strontium titanate,SrTiO3)、矽酸鋯氧化合物(zirconium silicate,ZrSiO4)、鋯酸鉿(hafnium zirconate,HfZrO4)、鍶鉍鉭氧化物(strontium bismuth tantalate,SrBi2Ta2O9,SBT)、鋯鈦酸鉛(lead zirconate titanate,PbZrxTi1-xO3,PZT)與鈦酸鋇鍶(barium strontium titanate,BaxSr1-xTiO3,BST)所組成之群組,但本發明不以此為限。另外,可形成一阻障層(未繪示)於閘極介電層上,用以於移除犧牲電極層時當作蝕刻停止層來保護閘極介電層,並可防止後續位於其上之金屬成分向下擴散污染閘極介電層。上述阻障層可例如為氮化鉭(tantalum nitride,TaN)、氮化鈦(titanium nitride,TiN)等之單層結構或複合層結構。 The above is a description of the implementation of the post-high dielectric constant gate process. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and a gate-last for high-K first gate may be used. Process. In this aspect, the gate dielectric layer can be a high dielectric constant gate dielectric layer, which can be selected from hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ), hafnium silicate (HfSiO 4 ). , hafnium silicon oxynitride (HfSiON), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ), tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) , yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), zirconium silicate (ZrSiO 4 ), yttrium zirconate (hafnium zirconate, HfZrO 4 ), strontium bismuth tantalate (SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 , SBT), lead zirconate titanate (PbZr x Ti 1-x O 3 , PZT) and titanium A group consisting of barium strontium titanate (BaxSr 1-x TiO 3 , BST), but the invention is not limited thereto. In addition, a barrier layer (not shown) may be formed on the gate dielectric layer to protect the gate dielectric layer as an etch stop layer when the sacrificial electrode layer is removed, and may be prevented from subsequently being placed thereon. The metal component diffuses downward to contaminate the gate dielectric layer. The barrier layer may be, for example, a single layer structure or a composite layer structure of tantalum nitride (TaN), titanium nitride (TiN) or the like.
請參照第3圖。在形成上述之閘極結構後,繼以如第3圖所示,可形成一側壁子40於閘極結構30之一側壁上,以定義後續所形成之磊晶結構的位置。本實施例之側壁子40較佳係形成於閘極結構30之各側,且其會覆蓋各鰭狀突起結構12的部份區段。詳細而言,形成側壁子40的方法可例如為:先順向性地沈積一材料層(未繪示)於閘極結構30以及基底10上,接著再進行一蝕刻製程,以形成所需之側壁子40輪廓。上述側壁子40之結構可包括單層結構或多層結構,例如由氮化矽、氮氧化矽等所組成之單層結構,或者由氧化矽/氮化矽等所組成之雙層結構,但不以此為限。本實施例所指之側壁子40係為用以定義及形成磊晶結構之側壁子,因此在形成側壁子40之前或之後,可能會再另外形成其他較薄的側壁子以形成輕摻雜源/汲極區(未繪示)或另外形成其他較厚的側壁子以形成源/汲極區(未繪示)等。 Please refer to Figure 3. After forming the gate structure described above, a sidewall 40 can be formed on one of the sidewalls of the gate structure 30 as shown in FIG. 3 to define the location of the subsequently formed epitaxial structure. The sidewalls 40 of the present embodiment are preferably formed on each side of the gate structure 30 and cover a portion of each of the fin structures 12. In detail, the method of forming the sidewalls 40 may be, for example, first, a material layer (not shown) is deposited on the gate structure 30 and the substrate 10, and then an etching process is performed to form a desired layer. Side wall 40 contour. The structure of the sidewalls 40 may include a single layer structure or a multilayer structure, such as a single layer structure composed of tantalum nitride, hafnium oxynitride, or the like, or a double layer structure composed of hafnium oxide/tantalum nitride, etc., but not This is limited to this. The sidewalls 40 referred to in this embodiment are used to define and form the sidewalls of the epitaxial structure. Therefore, before or after the sidewall spacers 40 are formed, other thinner sidewalls may be additionally formed to form a lightly doped source. / drain region (not shown) or otherwise form other thicker sidewalls to form a source/drain region (not shown) or the like.
請參照第4圖,第4圖繪示了蝕刻鰭狀突起結構後半導體裝置之透視圖。如第4圖所示,可以選擇性地在閘極結構30以及側壁子40之覆蓋下進行一蝕刻製程46,以蝕刻鰭狀突起結構12,並於閘極結構30至少一側的鰭狀突起結構12內形成一凹槽60。詳細而言,上述蝕刻可包含至少一乾蝕刻步驟或/以及至少一濕蝕刻步驟,例如先以一乾蝕刻步驟蝕刻鰭狀突起結構12直至一預定深度,然後再以一濕蝕刻步驟側向蝕刻以形成所需凹槽60的輪廓,但不以此為限。在本實施例中,凹槽60之一剖面具有一上凹的剖面結構,但不以此為限,凹槽可視實際需要具有不同之剖面結構。 Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the semiconductor device after etching the fin-shaped structure. As shown in FIG. 4, an etching process 46 can be selectively performed over the gate structure 30 and the sidewalls 40 to etch the fin-like structures 12 and fin fins on at least one side of the gate structure 30. A recess 60 is formed in the structure 12. In detail, the etching may include at least one dry etching step or/and at least one wet etching step, for example, first etching the fin structure 12 in a dry etching step up to a predetermined depth, and then laterally etching in a wet etching step to form The outline of the groove 60 is required, but is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, one of the grooves 60 has a concave cross-sectional structure, but not limited thereto, and the grooves may have different cross-sectional structures as needed.
請參照第5圖以及第6圖,其中第5圖繪示了形成磊晶結構後半導體裝置之透視圖,第6圖則是沿著第5圖切線AA’所繪示之剖面圖。如第5圖所示,在選擇性形成凹槽60之後,接著可進行一磊晶成長製程,以於相應之凹槽60內形成一磊晶結構66。根據本實施例,各磊晶結構66較佳係彼此獨立設置,亦即不會有合併(merge)之情形產生。舉例來說,對於各鰭狀突起結構12間具有一介於10奈米至14奈米節距(pitch)之情況,當磊晶結構66之高度H1介於300埃至600埃時,各磊晶結構66間會具有一大約介於30埃至150埃區間之距離S,或稱空隙,因此各磊晶結構66不會產生合併,但不限於此。其中,上述磊晶成長製程可例如是一分子束磊晶製程(molecular beam epitaxy,MBE)、一共流磊晶成長製程(co-flow epitaxial growth process)、一循環選擇性磊晶成長製程(cyclic selective epitaxial growth process)或其他類似之磊晶製程。 Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the semiconductor device after forming the epitaxial structure, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA' of FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, after the recess 60 is selectively formed, an epitaxial growth process can be performed to form an epitaxial structure 66 in the corresponding recess 60. According to this embodiment, each of the epitaxial structures 66 are preferably disposed independently of each other, that is, without a merge. For example, for each pitch fin structure 12 having a pitch of between 10 nm and 14 nm, when the height H1 of the epitaxial structure 66 is between 300 angstroms and 600 angstroms, each epitaxial layer The structure 66 will have a distance S, or a gap, between about 30 angstroms and 150 angstroms, so that the epitaxial structures 66 will not merge, but are not limited thereto. The epitaxial growth process may be, for example, a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), a co-flow epitaxial growth process, or a cyclic selective epitaxial growth process (cyclic selective). Epitaxial growth process) or other similar epitaxial process.
此外,根據不同導電型的半導體裝置,亦可以相對應地調 變上述磊晶結構66的組成,以施加適當之應力至半導體裝置內之特定區域。舉例來說,對於一P型半導體裝置而言,由於磊晶結構66較佳係用以提供壓縮應力至相鄰之通道區域,因此其組成可例如是具有或不具有摻質,例如硼摻質,之矽鍺層。且磊晶結構66亦可以具有一由內至外或/且由下至上具有多層濃度不同的包覆結構。舉例來說,磊晶結構由下至上可包括鍺濃度相對低之至少一磊晶矽鍺層、鍺濃度相對高之至少一磊晶矽鍺層以及一黏著層等等。另一方面,對於一N型半導體裝置而言,由於磊晶結構66較佳係用以提供伸張應力至相鄰之通道區域,因此其組成可例如是矽磷成份(SiP)、矽碳成分(SiC)、或磷摻雜矽碳成分等等,但不限於此。 In addition, according to different conductivity type semiconductor devices, correspondingly adjustable The composition of the epitaxial structure 66 described above is varied to apply appropriate stresses to specific regions within the semiconductor device. For example, for a P-type semiconductor device, since the epitaxial structure 66 is preferably used to provide compressive stress to adjacent channel regions, its composition may be, for example, with or without dopants, such as boron dopants. , the layer of 。. Moreover, the epitaxial structure 66 may have a cladding structure having a plurality of layers of different concentrations from inside to outside or/and from bottom to top. For example, the epitaxial structure may include at least one epitaxial layer having a relatively low germanium concentration, at least one epitaxial layer having a relatively high germanium concentration, an adhesive layer, and the like from bottom to top. On the other hand, for an N-type semiconductor device, since the epitaxial structure 66 is preferably used to provide tensile stress to an adjacent channel region, the composition thereof may be, for example, a bismuth phosphorus component (SiP) or a bismuth carbon component ( SiC), or a phosphorus-doped cerium carbon component or the like, but is not limited thereto.
繼以參照第7圖。如第7圖所示,進行另一磊晶製程,以於各磊晶結構66之表面上形成另一磊晶層,舉例來說,組成為單晶矽或多晶矽之矽蓋層68。在施行此磊晶製程的過程中,矽蓋層68會於各磊晶結構66的表面上不斷成長,並逐漸填滿各磊晶結構66間的空間,直至相鄰之矽蓋層68產生合併,而形成如第7圖所示之結構。換言之,為了使矽蓋層68產生合併,其各別厚度T1必須至少大於距離S的1/2。舉例而言,當距離S落在10奈米至20奈米之區間時,矽蓋層68之厚度T1會落於6奈米至11奈米之間,但其厚度亦可大於11奈米,此端視產品需求。仍如第7圖所示,合併後的矽蓋層68會覆蓋住各磊晶結構66之表面且大致具有一週期性連續凹凸(concavo-convex)之表面型態。各矽蓋層68的頂部68a會大致位於同一高度H2,或大致位於同一平面P上,且平面P實質上會平行於基底10或絕緣結構20的主表面10a,但不限於此。 Refer to Figure 7 for details. As shown in FIG. 7, another epitaxial process is performed to form another epitaxial layer on the surface of each epitaxial structure 66, for example, a cap layer 68 composed of a single crystal germanium or a polycrystalline germanium. During the epitaxial process, the cap layer 68 will continue to grow on the surface of each epitaxial structure 66 and gradually fill the space between the epitaxial structures 66 until the adjacent cap layer 68 merges. And the structure as shown in Fig. 7 is formed. In other words, in order to merge the cover layers 68, their respective thicknesses T1 must be at least 1/2 greater than the distance S. For example, when the distance S falls within the range of 10 nm to 20 nm, the thickness T1 of the cover layer 68 may fall between 6 nm and 11 nm, but the thickness may also be greater than 11 nm. This depends on the product requirements. As still shown in FIG. 7, the merged cover layer 68 will cover the surface of each of the epitaxial structures 66 and will generally have a periodic continuous concavo-convex surface pattern. The top portions 68a of the respective capping layers 68 may be substantially at the same height H2, or substantially on the same plane P, and the plane P may be substantially parallel to the main surface 10a of the substrate 10 or the insulating structure 20, but is not limited thereto.
請參照第8圖,在形成上述磊晶結構之後,可選擇性地再 進行後續之半導體製程,例如金屬閘極取代製程以及接觸結構製程。對於金屬閘極取代製程而言,由多晶矽所構成的閘極結構會被置換成金屬閘極結構,且其製程一般包括高介電常數前置以及高介電常數後置之兩種情況。舉例來說,對於一採用高介電常數後置之金屬閘極取代製程而言,其製程可包括:(1)沉積一層間介電層70,以圍繞閘極結構(圖未示);(2)移除閘極結構,以留下一溝渠(圖未示);(3)形成一閘極介電層(圖未示),以覆順向性地覆蓋溝渠之側壁及底部;以及(4)形成一金屬閘極(圖未示),以填滿溝渠,其中金屬閘極可包括阻障層(barrier layer)(圖未示)、功函數金屬層(work function metal layer)以及一低電阻金屬層(圖未示),但不限於此。 Please refer to FIG. 8 , after forming the above epitaxial structure, optionally Subsequent semiconductor processes, such as metal gate replacement processes and contact structure processes. For the metal gate replacement process, the gate structure composed of polysilicon is replaced by a metal gate structure, and the process generally includes two cases of high dielectric constant front and high dielectric constant rear. For example, for a metal gate replacement process using a high dielectric constant post, the process may include: (1) depositing an interlevel dielectric layer 70 to surround the gate structure (not shown); 2) removing the gate structure to leave a trench (not shown); (3) forming a gate dielectric layer (not shown) to cover the sidewalls and bottom of the trench in a compliant manner; 4) forming a metal gate (not shown) to fill the trench, wherein the metal gate may include a barrier layer (not shown), a work function metal layer, and a low A resistive metal layer (not shown), but is not limited thereto.
接著,仍參照第8圖。在施行金屬閘極取代製程之後,可續行後續的接觸結構製程,以形成電連接磊晶結構66之接觸結構,例如接觸插塞74,而將磊晶結構66電連接至後續形成的外部線路(圖未示)。如第8圖所示,舉例來說,接觸插塞製程製程可包括在層間介電層70內形成至少一開口呈現圓型或長條型之接觸洞72,以暴露出相對應的矽蓋層68區域。接著,依序在接觸洞72內形成一阻障/黏著層(圖未示)、一晶種層(圖未示)以及一導電層(圖未示)以覆蓋矽蓋層68,而完成所需之接觸插塞74。其中,上述阻障/黏著層係共形地(conformally)填入接觸洞72中,且導電層係完全填滿接觸洞72。 Next, still refer to Fig. 8. After the metal gate replacement process is performed, the subsequent contact structure process can be continued to form a contact structure electrically connecting the epitaxial structure 66, such as the contact plug 74, and the epitaxial structure 66 is electrically connected to the subsequently formed external line. (not shown). As shown in FIG. 8, for example, the contact plug process can include forming at least one contact hole 72 in the interlayer dielectric layer 70 to exhibit a circular or elongated shape to expose the corresponding cap layer. 68 areas. Then, a barrier/adhesive layer (not shown), a seed layer (not shown), and a conductive layer (not shown) are formed in the contact hole 72 to cover the cap layer 68. The contact plug 74 is required. Wherein, the barrier/adhesive layer is conformally filled into the contact hole 72, and the conductive layer completely fills the contact hole 72.
在此需注意的是,在上述接觸插塞製程中,另可施行一矽化金屬製程,以於矽蓋層68中形成導電性較佳之金屬矽化物(圖未示)。舉例來說,在形成接觸洞72後及填入導電層之前,可先行填入一金屬來源層(圖未示)至接觸洞72中,然後搭配進行一快速升溫退火(RTA)製程,致使金屬來源層與矽蓋層68部份或完全反應而形成 一金屬矽化物層,繼以再去除未反應完全之金屬來源層,而完成例示之矽化金屬製程。之後可續行上述之接觸插塞製程,而完成所需之結構。上述之金屬來源層可包括鈷(Co)、鈦(Ti)、鎳(Ni)或鉑(Pt)等金屬材料或其合金,但不限於此。 It should be noted that in the above contact plug process, a metallization process can be performed to form a metal halide (see not shown) having better conductivity in the cap layer 68. For example, after forming the contact hole 72 and filling the conductive layer, a metal source layer (not shown) may be first filled into the contact hole 72, and then subjected to a rapid temperature annealing (RTA) process to cause the metal. The source layer and the cover layer 68 partially or completely react to form A metal telluride layer is followed by removal of the unreacted metal source layer to complete the illustrated germanium metal process. The contact plug process described above can then be continued to complete the desired structure. The metal source layer described above may include a metal material such as cobalt (Co), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), or platinum (Pt) or an alloy thereof, but is not limited thereto.
根據上述,係完成本發明之第一較佳實施例之半導體裝置。下文將進一步介紹上述實施例之其他變化型實施例,且為簡化說明,以下說明主要針對不同之處進行詳述,而不再對相同之處作重覆贅述。此外,各實施例中相同之元件係以相同之標號進行標示,以利於各實施例間互相對照。 According to the above, the semiconductor device of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention is completed. Other variations of the above-described embodiments are further described below, and the following description is mainly for the sake of simplification of the description, and the details are not repeated. In addition, the same elements in the respective embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals to facilitate the comparison between the embodiments.
根據本發明之第一變化型實施例,其亦提供一種具有磊晶結構之半導體裝置。然而,此變化型實施例與上述第一較佳實施例之主要差異在於,各磊晶結構在形成矽蓋層之前已彼此合併,而非彼此獨立。詳細來說,如第9圖所示,在進行類似如第一較佳實施例所述之磊晶製程之後,位於各凹槽60內的磊晶結構66會彼此間些許合併,而形成一連續的磊晶結構。進一步來說,各磊晶結構66間可視為有一重疊部O,或稱連接部,以物理性連接兩相鄰之磊晶結構66。此外,重疊部O與各磊晶結構66之寬度W會具有一比例關係,舉例來說,兩者之比值會介於0.001至0.25之間,較佳介於0.001至0.05之間。在此比值下,即便兩相鄰之磊晶結構60產生些許地合併,各磊晶結構66仍可保持其單晶結構,且不至於在重疊部O產生過多的缺陷結構。 According to a first variant embodiment of the invention, a semiconductor device having an epitaxial structure is also provided. However, the main difference between this variant embodiment and the first preferred embodiment described above is that the epitaxial structures have been merged with each other prior to forming the cap layer, rather than being independent of one another. In detail, as shown in FIG. 9, after performing an epitaxial process similar to that described in the first preferred embodiment, the epitaxial structures 66 located in the respective recesses 60 are partially merged with each other to form a continuous Epitaxial structure. Further, between the epitaxial structures 66, there may be an overlap O, or a connection, to physically connect the two adjacent epitaxial structures 66. In addition, the overlap portion O and the width W of each of the epitaxial structures 66 may have a proportional relationship. For example, the ratio of the two may be between 0.001 and 0.25, preferably between 0.001 and 0.05. At this ratio, even if two adjacent epitaxial structures 60 are somewhat merged, each epitaxial structure 66 can maintain its single crystal structure without causing excessive defect structures in the overlap O.
繼以參照10圖。在完成如第9圖所述之結構之後,接著可續行如第一較佳實施例所述之另一磊晶製程,以形成另一磊晶 層,例如組成為單晶矽或多晶矽之矽蓋層68。在此需注意的是,本變化型實施例之矽蓋層68係為一位於各磊晶結構66上之連續層,因此其厚度T1不限於特定數值,只需足以構成一連續層之型態即可。類似地,矽蓋層68會大致具有一週期性連續凹凸之表面型態,且矽蓋層68的頂部68a會大致位於同一高度H2,或大致位於同一平面P上,且平面P實質上會平行於基底10或絕緣結構20的主表面10a,但不限於此。 Following the reference to Figure 10. After completing the structure as described in FIG. 9, another epitaxial process as described in the first preferred embodiment may be continued to form another epitaxial The layer, for example, is a cap layer 68 composed of a single crystal germanium or a polycrystalline germanium. It should be noted that the cap layer 68 of the modified embodiment is a continuous layer on each epitaxial structure 66. Therefore, the thickness T1 is not limited to a specific value, and only needs to form a continuous layer. Just fine. Similarly, the cover layer 68 will have a surface pattern of periodic continuous relief, and the top 68a of the cover layer 68 will be substantially at the same height H2, or substantially on the same plane P, and the plane P will be substantially parallel. The main surface 10a of the substrate 10 or the insulating structure 20 is not limited thereto.
此外,根據本發明之第二變化型實施例,亦提供一種具有磊晶結構之半導體裝置。然而,此變化型實施例與上述第一較佳實施例之主要差異在於,各磊晶結構係直接成長於各鰭狀突起結構之表面上,亦即各鰭狀突起結構內不會具有凹槽。詳細來說,請參照第11圖,由於本變化型實施例不會施行蝕刻鰭狀突起結構之製程,因此在施行類似如第一較佳實施例所述之磊晶製程之後,各磊晶結構66會直接接觸並覆蓋各鰭狀突起結構12,且各磊晶結構66係彼此獨立具有一距離S。之後可繼續於各磊晶結構66上形成一另一磊晶層,例如組成為單晶矽或多晶矽之矽蓋層68,致使相鄰之矽蓋層68產生合併,而形成如第11圖所示之結構。在此需注意的是,本變化型實施例之各磊晶結構亦可以在形成矽蓋層前便產生些許地合併,致使後續的矽蓋層成為一厚度約略均勻之連續薄膜。由於此態樣之結構大致類似於上述之第一較佳實施例,在此便不加贅述。 Further, according to a second variant embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device having an epitaxial structure is also provided. However, the main difference between the modified embodiment and the first preferred embodiment is that each of the epitaxial structures directly grows on the surface of each of the fin-shaped structures, that is, the fin-shaped structures do not have grooves therein. . In detail, referring to FIG. 11 , since the variation embodiment does not perform the process of etching the fin-shaped structure, after performing the epitaxial process similar to that described in the first preferred embodiment, each epitaxial structure 66 will directly contact and cover each of the fin structures 12, and each of the epitaxial structures 66 will have a distance S independently of each other. Thereafter, a further epitaxial layer, such as a cap layer 68 composed of a single crystal germanium or a polycrystalline germanium, may be formed on each of the epitaxial structures 66, such that adjacent capping layers 68 are merged to form an image as shown in FIG. The structure of the show. It should be noted that the epitaxial structures of the modified embodiment may also be slightly combined before the formation of the cap layer, so that the subsequent cap layer becomes a continuous film having a thickness of approximately uniform. Since the structure of this aspect is substantially similar to the first preferred embodiment described above, it will not be described herein.
在此需注意的是,上述之各實施例中的磊晶結構以及形成於其上之矽蓋層較佳係設置於同一導電型電晶體的源/汲極區域。舉例來說,矽鍺的磊晶結構以及其上的矽蓋層會被設置於P型電晶體結構中,且其至少位於閘節結構一側的源/汲極區域內。 It should be noted that the epitaxial structure in each of the above embodiments and the capping layer formed thereon are preferably disposed in the source/drain regions of the same conductivity type transistor. For example, the epitaxial structure of germanium and the capping layer thereon may be disposed in the P-type transistor structure, and it is at least in the source/drain region on one side of the gate structure.
綜上所述,本發明之各實施例係提供一種半導體裝置。在各半導體裝置中,兩相鄰之磊晶結構係彼此分離或些許地合併,且位於各磊晶結構上之另一磊晶層會填滿兩相鄰磊晶結構間的間距或連續分佈於各磊晶結構之表面上。藉由此結構,可以避免缺陷結構存在於各磊晶結構內或是存在於兩相鄰磊晶結構之重疊部,因而提昇了各磊晶結構所能提供的應力數值,進而提昇了半導體裝置的效能。 In summary, various embodiments of the present invention provide a semiconductor device. In each semiconductor device, two adjacent epitaxial structures are separated or partially merged, and another epitaxial layer on each epitaxial structure fills the spacing between two adjacent epitaxial structures or is continuously distributed. On the surface of each epitaxial structure. With this structure, it is possible to prevent the defect structure from being present in each epitaxial structure or in the overlapping portion of the two adjacent epitaxial structures, thereby increasing the stress value that each epitaxial structure can provide, thereby improving the semiconductor device. efficacy.
以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例,凡依本發明申請專利範圍所做之均等變化與修飾,皆應屬本發明之涵蓋範圍。 The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes and modifications made to the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of the present invention.
10‧‧‧基底 10‧‧‧Base
10a‧‧‧表面 10a‧‧‧ surface
20‧‧‧絕緣結構 20‧‧‧Insulation structure
66‧‧‧磊晶結構 66‧‧‧ epitaxial structure
68‧‧‧矽蓋層 68‧‧‧矽 Cover
68a‧‧‧頂部 68a‧‧‧ top
H1‧‧‧高度 H1‧‧‧ Height
H2‧‧‧高度 H2‧‧‧ Height
P‧‧‧平面 P‧‧‧ plane
S‧‧‧距離 S‧‧‧ distance
T1‧‧‧厚度 T1‧‧‧ thickness
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