TWI557980B - Fuel Cell Hybrid System - Google Patents
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- TWI557980B TWI557980B TW104136187A TW104136187A TWI557980B TW I557980 B TWI557980 B TW I557980B TW 104136187 A TW104136187 A TW 104136187A TW 104136187 A TW104136187 A TW 104136187A TW I557980 B TWI557980 B TW I557980B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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本發明係關於一種燃料電池複合系統，特別係一種可將燃料電池發電後的剩餘氫氣做妥善地再利用，並同時達到減碳目的之燃料電池複合系統。The invention relates to a fuel cell composite system, in particular to a fuel cell composite system capable of properly reusing the remaining hydrogen gas generated by the fuel cell and simultaneously achieving the purpose of reducing carbon.
目前世界上最具潛力的替代能源主要有：太陽能、風能、海洋能、地熱能、生質能等，但這些替代能源的供應端並不穩定，無法全面取代現有的市電能源供應，反觀氫能高熱值、無污染且可由水電解取得的特性，便成為最佳的能量載體與儲能方式之一，在眾多以氫氣為燃料的產能方式中，燃料電池是可以直接將化學能轉換為電能的裝置，然而如何將燃料電池發電後的剩餘氫氣，進一步做妥善地再利用而不造成浪費，成為業界亟欲研究改善之重要課題。At present, the world's most promising alternative energy sources are: solar energy, wind energy, ocean energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, etc., but the supply end of these alternative energy sources is not stable enough to completely replace the existing utility power supply, and vice versa. The characteristics of high calorific value, non-polluting and water electrolysis can be one of the best energy carriers and energy storage methods. In many hydrogen-fueled production modes, fuel cells can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy. However, how to further re-use the remaining hydrogen after power generation of the fuel cell without causing waste has become an important issue for the industry to research and improve.
本發明之目的，在於提供一種燃料電池複合系統，其不僅可將燃料電池發電後的剩餘氫氣再利用，還可同時達到減碳效果。It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell composite system which can not only reuse the remaining hydrogen after power generation of the fuel cell, but also achieve the carbon reduction effect at the same time.
為達上述目的，本發明提供一種燃料電池複合系統，其包含一氫氣傳輸裝置、一燃料電池以及一碳氫化學品合成反應器，該氫氣傳輸裝置係供導入一第一混合氣體而將第一混合氣體分流為含有氫氣的燃料氣體及含有一氧化碳及二氧化碳至少其中一者的第二混合氣體，該燃料電池具有一陽極通道、一陰極通道、一介質層以及一氣體通道，該陽極通道係供燃料氣體通過，該陰極通道係供含有氧氣之含氧氣體通過，該介質層夾置於該陽極通道與該陰極通道之間，且該介質層係供氫離子或氧離子其中一者通過，該氣體通道係供第二混合氣體通過，且該氣體通道不與該陽極通道及陰極通道連通，該碳氫化學品合成反應器係用以導入該陽極通道之尾氣及該氣體通道之尾氣，令陽極通道尾氣中的剩餘氫氣與氣體通道尾氣中的一氧化碳或二氧化碳形成一碳氫化學品。To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fuel cell composite system comprising a hydrogen gas transfer device, a fuel cell, and a hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor for introducing a first mixed gas to be first The mixed gas is divided into a fuel gas containing hydrogen and a second mixed gas containing at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, the fuel cell having an anode passage, a cathode passage, a dielectric layer, and a gas passage for supplying fuel Gas passing through, the cathode channel is passed through an oxygen-containing gas containing oxygen, the dielectric layer is interposed between the anode channel and the cathode channel, and the dielectric layer is supplied by one of hydrogen ions or oxygen ions, the gas The passage is for the second mixed gas to pass through, and the gas passage is not connected to the anode passage and the cathode passage, and the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor is configured to introduce the exhaust gas of the anode passage and the exhaust gas of the gas passage to make the anode passage The remaining hydrogen in the exhaust gas forms a hydrocarbon chemical with carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide in the gas passage exhaust
本發明另提供一種燃料電池複合系統，其包含一燃料電池以及一碳氫化學品合成反應器，該燃料電池具有一陽極通道、一陰極通道以及一介質層，該陽極通道係供至少一部份為氫氣的燃料氣體通過，該陰極通道係供含有氧氣之含氧氣體通過，該介質層夾置於該陽極通道與該陰極通道之間，且該介質層係供氫離子或氧離子其中一者通過，該碳氫化學品合成反應器係用以導入該陽極通道尾氣剩餘氫氣以及一氧化碳與二氧化碳至少其中一者，令陽極通道尾氣中的剩餘氫氣與一氧化碳或二氧化碳形成一碳氫化學品。The present invention further provides a fuel cell composite system comprising a fuel cell and a hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor, the fuel cell having an anode channel, a cathode channel and a dielectric layer, the anode channel being for at least a portion Passing through a fuel gas of hydrogen gas, the cathode channel is passed through an oxygen-containing gas containing oxygen, and the dielectric layer is interposed between the anode channel and the cathode channel, and the dielectric layer is one of hydrogen ions or oxygen ions. The hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor is configured to introduce residual hydrogen in the anode channel exhaust gas and at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to form a hydrocarbon hydrocarbon in the anode channel exhaust gas to form a hydrocarbon hydrocarbon with carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
藉此，該燃料電池發電後的剩餘氫氣可藉由與一氧化碳或二氧化碳合成該碳氫化學品而達到能源再利用之功效，亦同時具備減碳效果。Thereby, the remaining hydrogen after the fuel cell is generated can achieve the energy reuse effect by synthesizing the hydrocarbon chemical with carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, and at the same time, the carbon reduction effect is obtained.
第一實施例：First embodiment:
第1圖係本發明第一實施例提供的燃料電池複合系統1，其包含有一氫氣傳輸裝置10、一燃料電池20、一碳氫化學品合成反應器30、一燃料改質器40、一水分離器50、一後燃器60以及一熱交換器70。1 is a fuel cell composite system 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which includes a hydrogen gas transmission device 10, a fuel cell 20, a hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30, a fuel reformer 40, and a water. A separator 50, an afterburner 60, and a heat exchanger 70.
該氫氣傳輸裝置10係供導入一第一混合氣體11而將該第一混合氣體11分流為含有氫氣的燃料氣體13以及含有一氧化碳及二氧化碳至少其中一者的第二混合氣體15。The hydrogen gas transfer device 10 is configured to introduce a first mixed gas 11 and split the first mixed gas 11 into a fuel gas 13 containing hydrogen and a second mixed gas 15 containing at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
該燃料電池20具有一陽極通道21、一陰極通道23、一介質層25以及一氣體通道27，該陽極通道21係供該燃料氣體13通過，該陰極通道23係供一含有氧氣之含氧氣體17通過，該介質層25夾置於該陽極通道21與該陰極通道23之間，且該介質層25係供氫離子或氧離子其中一者通過，該氣體通道27係供該第二混合氣體15通過，且該氣體通道27不與該陽極通道21以及該陰極通道23連通。該燃料電池20可為但不限於一質子傳輸膜燃料電池或一具有氫離子傳導電解質的固態氧化物燃料電池，在此狀況下，該介質層25係供氫離子通過，該燃料電池20亦可為但不限於一具有氧離子傳導電解質的固態氧化物燃料電池，在此狀況下，該介質層25則係供氧離子通過。The fuel cell 20 has an anode channel 21, a cathode channel 23, a dielectric layer 25, and a gas passage 27 for passing the fuel gas 13, and the cathode channel 23 is for supplying an oxygen-containing gas containing oxygen. 17 passing, the dielectric layer 25 is interposed between the anode channel 21 and the cathode channel 23, and the dielectric layer 25 is for supplying one of hydrogen ions or oxygen ions, and the gas channel 27 is for the second mixed gas. 15 passes, and the gas passage 27 does not communicate with the anode passage 21 and the cathode passage 23. The fuel cell 20 can be, but not limited to, a proton transport membrane fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell having a hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte. In this case, the dielectric layer 25 is for hydrogen ions to pass through, and the fuel cell 20 can also be used. For example, but not limited to, a solid oxide fuel cell having an oxygen ion-conducting electrolyte, in this case, the dielectric layer 25 is supplied with oxygen ions.
該碳氫化學品合成反應器30係用以導入該陽極通道21之尾氣22以及該氣體通道27之尾氣28，令該陽極通道21之尾氣22中的剩餘氫氣與該氣體通道27之尾氣28中的一氧化碳或二氧化碳形成一碳氫化學品，並產生一尾氣31，所述碳氫化學品係選自甲醇、二甲醚、碳酸二甲酯、及其混合物所組成群組中的至少一者，於本實施例中，該碳氫化學品為甲醇。The hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 is configured to introduce the exhaust gas 22 of the anode passage 21 and the exhaust gas 28 of the gas passage 27 such that the remaining hydrogen in the exhaust gas 22 of the anode passage 21 and the exhaust gas 28 of the gas passage 27 are Carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide forms a hydrocarbon chemical and produces a tail gas 31 selected from at least one of the group consisting of methanol, dimethyl ether, dimethyl carbonate, and mixtures thereof, In this embodiment, the hydrocarbon chemical is methanol.
該燃料改質器40係用以導入燃料並將燃料改質為包含有氫氣、一氧化碳及二氧化碳的所述第一混合氣體11，於本實施例中，該燃料為甲烷。The fuel reformer 40 is for introducing fuel and reforming the fuel into the first mixed gas 11 containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In the present embodiment, the fuel is methane.
該水分離器50係連通於該氣體通道27與該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之間，該水分離器50係用以導入該氣體通道27的尾氣28而將該尾氣28中的水份去除，並將除去水份後的尾氣28進一步導入該碳氫化學品合成反應器30。The water separator 50 is in communication with the gas passage 27 and the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30, and the water separator 50 is configured to introduce the exhaust gas 28 of the gas passage 27 to the moisture in the exhaust gas 28. The off-gas 28 after removal of moisture is further introduced into the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30.
該後燃器60係用以導入該陰極通道23之尾氣24與該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之尾氣31並進行燃燒反應，隨後產生一燃燒尾氣61。The afterburner 60 is configured to introduce the exhaust gas 24 of the cathode passage 23 with the exhaust gas 31 of the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 and perform a combustion reaction, and then generate a combustion exhaust gas 61.
該熱交換器70係用以令該後燃器60的燃燒尾氣61以及導入該陰極通道23之前的含氧氣體17進行熱交換。The heat exchanger 70 is for exchanging heat between the combustion exhaust gas 61 of the afterburner 60 and the oxygen-containing gas 17 introduced before the cathode passage 23.
綜上所述，於本實施例中，燃料甲烷先進入該燃料改質器40中進行燃料改質反應，形成該第一混合氣體11後通過該氫氣傳輸裝置10，該第一混合氣體11便分流成該燃料氣體13以及該第二混合氣體15分別進入該燃料電池20的陽極通道21與氣體通道27，該燃料氣體13與該進入陰極通道23的含氧氣體17於該燃料電池20中產生反應進而發電(即該燃料電池20將化學能轉換成電能)，該氣體通道27之尾氣28導入該水分離器50使尾氣28中的水份被去除，去除水份後的尾氣28與該陽極通道21之尾氣22導入該碳氫化學品合成反應器30，該尾氣22中的剩餘氫氣與該尾氣28中的一氧化碳或二氧化碳進行反應而形成甲醇，反應式如下： CO 2+ 3H 2↔ CH 3OH + H 2O CO + 2H 2↔ CH 3OH In summary, in the present embodiment, the fuel methane first enters the fuel reformer 40 for fuel reforming reaction, and the first mixed gas 11 is formed and passed through the hydrogen gas transfer device 10, and the first mixed gas 11 is The fuel gas 13 and the second mixed gas 15 are separately branched into the anode passage 21 and the gas passage 27 of the fuel cell 20, and the fuel gas 13 and the oxygen-containing gas 17 entering the cathode passage 23 are generated in the fuel cell 20. The reaction further generates electricity (i.e., the fuel cell 20 converts chemical energy into electrical energy), and the exhaust gas 28 of the gas passage 27 is introduced into the water separator 50 to remove moisture in the exhaust gas 28, and the exhaust gas 28 and the anode after the moisture is removed. The tail gas 22 of the passage 21 is introduced into the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30, and the remaining hydrogen in the tail gas 22 reacts with carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide in the tail gas 28 to form methanol, and the reaction formula is as follows: CO 2 + 3H 2 ↔ CH 3 OH + H 2 O CO + 2H 2 ↔ CH 3 OH
接著，該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之尾氣31與該陰極通道23之尾氣24導入該後燃器60中進行燃燒反應，由該後燃器60所排出的燃燒尾氣61導回該燃料電池複合系統1之前端，如該燃料改質器40，作為燃料甲烷預熱所需之能量，而通過該燃料改質器40的燃燒尾氣61與該進入陰極通道23前的含氧氣體17則透過該熱交換器70進行熱交換，加熱後的含氧氣體17進入該燃料電池20中與該燃料氣體13進行發電，而經過熱交換後的燃燒尾氣61則由該熱交換器70直接排出。Next, the exhaust gas 31 of the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 and the exhaust gas 24 of the cathode passage 23 are introduced into the afterburner 60 for combustion reaction, and the combustion exhaust gas 61 discharged from the afterburner 60 is led back to the fuel cell. The front end of the composite system 1, such as the fuel reformer 40, serves as energy for preheating the fuel methane, and the combustion exhaust gas 61 passing through the fuel reformer 40 and the oxygen-containing gas 17 before entering the cathode passage 23 pass through. The heat exchanger 70 performs heat exchange, and the heated oxygen-containing gas 17 enters the fuel cell 20 to generate electricity with the fuel gas 13, and the heat-exchanged combustion exhaust gas 61 is directly discharged from the heat exchanger 70.
藉此，本發明第一實施例所提供之燃料電池複合系統1可令燃料電池20發電後的剩餘氫氣妥善地再利用，而不造成能源的浪費。Thereby, the fuel cell composite system 1 provided by the first embodiment of the present invention can properly reuse the remaining hydrogen gas generated by the fuel cell 20 without causing waste of energy.
第二實施例：Second embodiment:
第2圖係本發明第一實施例提供的燃料電池複合系統2，其包含有一燃料電池20、一碳氫化學品合成反應器30、一燃料改質器40、一水分離器50、一後燃器60以及一熱交換器70。2 is a fuel cell composite system 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which comprises a fuel cell 20, a hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30, a fuel reformer 40, a water separator 50, and a rear The burner 60 and a heat exchanger 70.
該燃料電池20具有一陽極通道21、一陰極通道23、一介質層25以及一氣體通道27，該陽極通道21係供至少一部份為氫氣的燃料氣體13’通過，該陰極通道23係供一含有氧氣之含氧氣體17通過，該介質層25夾置於該陽極通道21與該陰極通道23之間，且該介質層25係供氫離子或氧離子其中一者通過，該氣體通道27不與該陽極通道21與該陰極通道23連通。該燃料電池20可為但不限於一質子傳輸膜燃料電池或一具有氫離子傳導電解質的固態氧化物燃料電池，在此狀況下，該介質層25係供氫離子通過，該燃料電池20亦可為但不限於一具有氧離子傳導電解質的固態氧化物燃料電池，在此狀況下，該介質層25則係供氧離子通過。The fuel cell 20 has an anode channel 21, a cathode channel 23, a dielectric layer 25, and a gas channel 27 through which at least a portion of the hydrogen fuel gas 13' is passed. An oxygen-containing oxygen-containing gas 17 passes between the anode channel 21 and the cathode channel 23, and the dielectric layer 25 is supplied with one of hydrogen ions or oxygen ions. The anode channel 21 is not in communication with the cathode channel 23. The fuel cell 20 can be, but not limited to, a proton transport membrane fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell having a hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte. In this case, the dielectric layer 25 is for hydrogen ions to pass through, and the fuel cell 20 can also be used. For example, but not limited to, a solid oxide fuel cell having an oxygen ion-conducting electrolyte, in this case, the dielectric layer 25 is supplied with oxygen ions.
該碳氫化學品合成反應器30係用以導入該陽極通道21之尾氣22’的剩餘氫氣、以及一氧化碳與二氧化碳至少其中一者，令該陽極通道21之尾氣22’中的剩餘氫氣與一氧化碳或二氧化碳形成一碳氫化學品，並產生一尾氣31，所述碳氫化學品係選自甲醇、二甲醚、碳酸二甲酯、及其混合物所組成群組中的至少一者，於本實施例中，該碳氫化學品為甲醇，該燃料氣體13’包含了該碳氫化學品合成反應器30所需的一氧化碳及二氧化碳至少其中一者。The hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 is configured to introduce residual hydrogen of the exhaust gas 22' of the anode channel 21, and at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, so that the remaining hydrogen in the exhaust gas 22' of the anode channel 21 is carbon monoxide or The carbon dioxide forms a hydrocarbon chemical and produces a tail gas 31 selected from at least one of the group consisting of methanol, dimethyl ether, dimethyl carbonate, and mixtures thereof, in the present embodiment. In one example, the hydrocarbon chemical is methanol, and the fuel gas 13' comprises at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide required for the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30.
該燃料改質器40係用以導入燃料並將燃料改質為包含有氫氣、一氧化碳及二氧化碳的所述燃料氣體13’，於本實施例中，該燃料為甲烷。The fuel reformer 40 is for introducing fuel and reforming the fuel into the fuel gas 13' containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In the present embodiment, the fuel is methane.
該水分離器50係連通於該陽極通道21與該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之間，該水分離器係用以導入該陽極通道21的尾氣22’而將該尾氣22’中的水份去除，並將除去水份後的尾氣22’進一步導入該碳氫化學品合成反應器30。The water separator 50 is connected between the anode passage 21 and the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 for introducing the exhaust gas 22' of the anode passage 21 and the water in the exhaust gas 22'. The fraction is removed, and the tail gas 22' after removing the water is further introduced into the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30.
該後燃器60係用以導入該陰極通道23之尾氣24與該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之尾氣31並進行燃燒反應，隨後產生一燃燒尾氣61，其中，所述燃料電池20之氣體通道27即用以導入該後燃器60的燃燒尾氣61。The afterburner 60 is configured to introduce the exhaust gas 24 of the cathode channel 23 with the exhaust gas 31 of the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 and perform a combustion reaction, and then generate a combustion exhaust gas 61, wherein the gas of the fuel cell 20 The passage 27 is a combustion exhaust gas 61 for introducing the afterburner 60.
該熱交換器70係用以令導入該氣體通道27之前的燃燒尾氣61及導入該陰極通道23之前的含氧氣體17進行熱交換。The heat exchanger 70 is configured to exchange heat between the combustion exhaust gas 61 before being introduced into the gas passage 27 and the oxygen-containing gas 17 before being introduced into the cathode passage 23.
綜上所述，於本實施例中，燃料甲烷先進入該燃料改質器40中進行燃料改質反應，形成該燃料氣體13’後進入該燃料電池20的陽極通道21並與進入該陰極通道23的含氧氣體17於該燃料電池20中產生反應進而發電(即該燃料電池20將化學能轉換成電能)，該陽極通道21的尾氣22’導入該水分離器50使尾氣22’中的水份被去除，去除水份後的尾氣22’導入該碳氫化學品合成反應器30，該尾氣22’中的剩餘氫氣與一氧化碳或二氧化碳進行反應而形成甲醇，反應式如下： CO 2+ 3H 2↔ CH 3OH + H 2O CO + 2H 2↔ CH 3OH In summary, in the present embodiment, the fuel methane first enters the fuel reformer 40 for fuel reforming reaction, and after forming the fuel gas 13', enters the anode channel 21 of the fuel cell 20 and enters the cathode channel. The oxygen-containing gas 17 of 23 generates a reaction in the fuel cell 20 to generate electricity (i.e., the fuel cell 20 converts chemical energy into electrical energy), and the exhaust gas 22' of the anode channel 21 is introduced into the water separator 50 to make it in the exhaust gas 22'. The moisture is removed, and the tail gas 22' after removing the water is introduced into the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30, and the remaining hydrogen in the tail gas 22' is reacted with carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide to form methanol, and the reaction formula is as follows: CO 2 + 3H 2 ↔ CH 3 OH + H 2 O CO + 2H 2 ↔ CH 3 OH
接著，該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之尾氣31與該陰極通道23之尾氣24導入該後燃器60中進行燃燒反應，由該後燃器60所排出的燃燒尾氣61導回該燃料電池複合系統2之前端，如該燃料改質器40，作為燃料甲烷預熱所需之能量，而通過該燃料改質器40的燃燒尾氣61與該進入陰極通道23前的含氧氣體17則透過該熱交換器70進行熱交換，加熱後的含氧氣體17進入該燃料電池20中與該燃料氣體13’進行發電，而經過熱交換後的燃燒尾氣61導入該燃料電池20之氣體通道27後排出。於其他實施例中，該燃燒尾氣61可不導入該氣體通道27，而是由該熱交換器70直接排出，在此狀況下，該氣體通道27可省略不設。Next, the exhaust gas 31 of the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 and the exhaust gas 24 of the cathode passage 23 are introduced into the afterburner 60 for combustion reaction, and the combustion exhaust gas 61 discharged from the afterburner 60 is led back to the fuel cell. The front end of the composite system 2, such as the fuel reformer 40, serves as energy for preheating the fuel methane, and the combustion exhaust gas 61 passing through the fuel reformer 40 and the oxygen-containing gas 17 before entering the cathode passage 23 pass through. The heat exchanger 70 performs heat exchange, and the heated oxygen-containing gas 17 enters the fuel cell 20 to generate electricity with the fuel gas 13', and the heat-exchanged combustion exhaust gas 61 is introduced into the gas passage 27 of the fuel cell 20. discharge. In other embodiments, the combustion exhaust gas 61 may not be introduced into the gas passage 27, but may be directly discharged by the heat exchanger 70. In this case, the gas passage 27 may be omitted.
藉此，本發明第二實施例所提供之燃料電池複合系統2可令燃料電池20發電後的剩餘氫氣妥善地再利用，而不造成能源的浪費。Thereby, the fuel cell composite system 2 provided by the second embodiment of the present invention can properly reuse the remaining hydrogen gas generated by the fuel cell 20 without causing waste of energy.
第三實施例：Third embodiment:
第3圖係本發明第三實施例提供的燃料電池複合系統3，其包含有一燃料電池20、一碳氫化學品合成反應器30、一燃料改質器40、一後燃器60以及一熱交換器70。3 is a fuel cell composite system 3 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which comprises a fuel cell 20, a hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30, a fuel reformer 40, an afterburner 60, and a heat. Switch 70.
該燃料電池20具有一陽極通道21、一陰極通道23、一介質層25以及一氣體通道27，該陽極通道21係供至少一部份為氫氣的燃料氣體13’通過，該陰極通道23係供一含有氧氣之含氧氣體17通過，該介質層25夾置於該陽極通道21與該陰極通道23之間，且該介質層25係供氫離子或氧離子其中一者通過，該氣體通道27不與該陽極通道21與該陰極通道23連通。該燃料電池20可為但不限於一質子傳輸膜燃料電池或一具有氫離子傳導電解質的固態氧化物燃料電池，在此狀況下，該介質層25係供氫離子通過，該燃料電池20亦可為但不限於一具有氧離子傳導電解質的固態氧化物燃料電池，在此狀況下，該介質層25則係供氧離子通過。The fuel cell 20 has an anode channel 21, a cathode channel 23, a dielectric layer 25, and a gas channel 27 through which at least a portion of the hydrogen fuel gas 13' is passed. An oxygen-containing oxygen-containing gas 17 passes between the anode channel 21 and the cathode channel 23, and the dielectric layer 25 is supplied with one of hydrogen ions or oxygen ions. The anode channel 21 is not in communication with the cathode channel 23. The fuel cell 20 can be, but not limited to, a proton transport membrane fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell having a hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte. In this case, the dielectric layer 25 is for hydrogen ions to pass through, and the fuel cell 20 can also be used. For example, but not limited to, a solid oxide fuel cell having an oxygen ion-conducting electrolyte, in this case, the dielectric layer 25 is supplied with oxygen ions.
該碳氫化學品合成反應器30係用以導入該陽極通道21之尾氣22’的剩餘氫氣、以及一氧化碳與二氧化碳至少其中一者，令該陽極通道21之尾氣22’中的剩餘氫氣與一氧化碳或二氧化碳形成一碳氫化學品，並產生一尾氣31，所述碳氫化學品係選自甲醇、二甲醚、碳酸二甲酯、及其混合物所組成群組中的至少一者，於本實施例中，該碳氫化學品為甲醇，該燃料氣體13’包含了該碳氫化學品合成反應器30所需的一氧化碳及二氧化碳至少其中一者。The hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 is configured to introduce residual hydrogen of the exhaust gas 22' of the anode channel 21, and at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, so that the remaining hydrogen in the exhaust gas 22' of the anode channel 21 is carbon monoxide or The carbon dioxide forms a hydrocarbon chemical and produces a tail gas 31 selected from at least one of the group consisting of methanol, dimethyl ether, dimethyl carbonate, and mixtures thereof, in the present embodiment. In one example, the hydrocarbon chemical is methanol, and the fuel gas 13' comprises at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide required for the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30.
該燃料改質器40係用以導入燃料並將燃料改質為包含有氫氣、一氧化碳及二氧化碳的所述燃料氣體13’，於本實施例中，該燃料為甲烷。The fuel reformer 40 is for introducing fuel and reforming the fuel into the fuel gas 13' containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In the present embodiment, the fuel is methane.
該後燃器60係用以導入該陰極通道23之尾氣24與該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之尾氣31並進行燃燒反應，隨後產生一燃燒尾氣61，其中，所述燃料電池20之氣體通道27即用以導入該後燃器60的燃燒尾氣61。The afterburner 60 is configured to introduce the exhaust gas 24 of the cathode channel 23 with the exhaust gas 31 of the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 and perform a combustion reaction, and then generate a combustion exhaust gas 61, wherein the gas of the fuel cell 20 The passage 27 is a combustion exhaust gas 61 for introducing the afterburner 60.
該熱交換器70係用以令導入該氣體通道27之前的燃燒尾氣61及導入該陰極通道23之前的含氧氣體17進行熱交換。The heat exchanger 70 is configured to exchange heat between the combustion exhaust gas 61 before being introduced into the gas passage 27 and the oxygen-containing gas 17 before being introduced into the cathode passage 23.
綜上所述，於本實施例中，燃料甲烷先進入該燃料改質器40中進行燃料改質反應，形成該燃料氣體13’後進入該燃料電池20的陽極通道21並與進入該陰極通道23的含氧氣體17於該燃料電池20中產生反應進而發電(即該燃料電池20將化學能轉換成電能)，該陽極通道21的尾氣22’導入該碳氫化學品合成反應器30，該尾氣22’中的剩餘氫氣與一氧化碳或二氧化碳進行反應而形成甲醇，反應式如下： CO 2+ 3H 2↔ CH 3OH + H 2O CO + 2H 2↔ CH 3OH In summary, in the present embodiment, the fuel methane first enters the fuel reformer 40 for fuel reforming reaction, and after forming the fuel gas 13', enters the anode channel 21 of the fuel cell 20 and enters the cathode channel. The oxygen-containing gas 17 of 23 generates a reaction in the fuel cell 20 to generate electricity (i.e., the fuel cell 20 converts chemical energy into electrical energy), and the exhaust gas 22' of the anode channel 21 is introduced into the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30. The remaining hydrogen in the tail gas 22' reacts with carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide to form methanol, and the reaction formula is as follows: CO 2 + 3H 2 ↔ CH 3 OH + H 2 O CO + 2H 2 ↔ CH 3 OH
接著，該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之尾氣31與該陰極通道23之尾氣24導入該後燃器60中進行燃燒反應，由該後燃器60所排出的燃燒尾氣61導回該燃料電池複合系統3之前端，如該燃料改質器40，作為燃料甲烷預熱所需之能量，而通過該燃料改質器40的燃燒尾氣61與該進入陰極通道23前的含氧氣體17則透過該熱交換器70進行熱交換，加熱後的含氧氣體17進入該燃料電池20中與該燃料氣體13’進行發電，而經過熱交換後的燃燒尾氣61導入該燃料電池20之氣體通道27後排出，於本實施例中，該燃料電池複合系統3更可包含一降溫裝置80設於該陽極通道21與該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之間，用以將該陽極通道21之尾氣22’降溫後再導入該碳氫化學品合成反應器30。於其他實施例中，該燃燒尾氣61可不導入該氣體通道27，而是由該熱交換器70直接排出，在此狀況下，該氣體通道27可省略不設。Next, the exhaust gas 31 of the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 and the exhaust gas 24 of the cathode passage 23 are introduced into the afterburner 60 for combustion reaction, and the combustion exhaust gas 61 discharged from the afterburner 60 is led back to the fuel cell. The front end of the composite system 3, such as the fuel reformer 40, serves as the energy required for the preheating of the fuel methane, and the combustion exhaust gas 61 passing through the fuel reformer 40 and the oxygen-containing gas 17 before entering the cathode passage 23 pass through. The heat exchanger 70 performs heat exchange, and the heated oxygen-containing gas 17 enters the fuel cell 20 to generate electricity with the fuel gas 13', and the heat-exchanged combustion exhaust gas 61 is introduced into the gas passage 27 of the fuel cell 20. In the present embodiment, the fuel cell composite system 3 further includes a cooling device 80 disposed between the anode channel 21 and the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 for exhausting the anode channel 21 'The hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 is introduced after cooling. In other embodiments, the combustion exhaust gas 61 may not be introduced into the gas passage 27, but may be directly discharged by the heat exchanger 70. In this case, the gas passage 27 may be omitted.
藉此，本發明第三實施例所提供之燃料電池複合系統3可令燃料電池20發電後的剩餘氫氣妥善地再利用，而不造成能源的浪費。Thereby, the fuel cell composite system 3 provided by the third embodiment of the present invention can properly reuse the remaining hydrogen gas generated by the fuel cell 20 without causing waste of energy.
第四實施例：Fourth embodiment:
第4圖係本發明第四實施例提供的燃料電池複合系統4，其包含有一氫氣傳輸裝置10、一燃料電池20、一碳氫化學品合成反應器30、一後燃器60以及一熱交換器70。4 is a fuel cell composite system 4 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, comprising a hydrogen gas transmission device 10, a fuel cell 20, a hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30, an afterburner 60, and a heat exchange. 70.
該氫氣傳輸裝置10係供導入一第一混合氣體11而將該第一混合氣體11分流為含有氫氣的燃料氣體13以及含有一氧化碳及二氧化碳至少其中一者的第二混合氣體15。The hydrogen gas transfer device 10 is configured to introduce a first mixed gas 11 and split the first mixed gas 11 into a fuel gas 13 containing hydrogen and a second mixed gas 15 containing at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
該燃料電池20具有一陽極通道21、一陰極通道23、一介質層25以及一氣體通道27，該陽極通道21係供該燃料氣體13通過，該陰極通道23係供一含有氧氣之含氧氣體17通過，該介質層25夾置於該陽極通道21與該陰極通道23之間，且該介質層25係供氫離子或氧離子其中一者通過，該氣體通道27係供該第二混合氣體15通過，且該氣體通道27不與該陽極通道21以及該陰極通道23連通。該燃料電池20可為但不限於一質子傳輸膜燃料電池或一具有氫離子傳導電解質的固態氧化物燃料電池，在此狀況下，該介質層25係供氫離子通過，該燃料電池20亦可為但不限於一具有氧離子傳導電解質的固態氧化物燃料電池，在此狀況下，該介質層25則係供氧離子通過。The fuel cell 20 has an anode channel 21, a cathode channel 23, a dielectric layer 25, and a gas passage 27 for passing the fuel gas 13, and the cathode channel 23 is for supplying an oxygen-containing gas containing oxygen. 17 passing, the dielectric layer 25 is interposed between the anode channel 21 and the cathode channel 23, and the dielectric layer 25 is for supplying one of hydrogen ions or oxygen ions, and the gas channel 27 is for the second mixed gas. 15 passes, and the gas passage 27 does not communicate with the anode passage 21 and the cathode passage 23. The fuel cell 20 can be, but not limited to, a proton transport membrane fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell having a hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte. In this case, the dielectric layer 25 is for hydrogen ions to pass through, and the fuel cell 20 can also be used. For example, but not limited to, a solid oxide fuel cell having an oxygen ion-conducting electrolyte, in this case, the dielectric layer 25 is supplied with oxygen ions.
該碳氫化學品合成反應器30係用以導入該陽極通道21之尾氣22以及該氣體通道27之尾氣28，令該陽極通道21之尾氣22中的剩餘氫氣與該氣體通道27之尾氣28中的一氧化碳或二氧化碳形成一碳氫化學品，並產生一尾氣31，所述碳氫化學品係選自甲醇、二甲醚、碳酸二甲酯、及其混合物所組成群組中的至少一者，於本實施例中，該碳氫化學品為甲醇。The hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 is configured to introduce the exhaust gas 22 of the anode passage 21 and the exhaust gas 28 of the gas passage 27 such that the remaining hydrogen in the exhaust gas 22 of the anode passage 21 and the exhaust gas 28 of the gas passage 27 are Carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide forms a hydrocarbon chemical and produces a tail gas 31 selected from at least one of the group consisting of methanol, dimethyl ether, dimethyl carbonate, and mixtures thereof, In this embodiment, the hydrocarbon chemical is methanol.
該後燃器60係用以導入該陰極通道23之尾氣24與該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之尾氣31並進行燃燒反應，隨後產生一燃燒尾氣61。The afterburner 60 is configured to introduce the exhaust gas 24 of the cathode passage 23 with the exhaust gas 31 of the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 and perform a combustion reaction, and then generate a combustion exhaust gas 61.
該熱交換器70係用以令該後燃器60的燃燒尾氣61以及導入該陰極通道23之前的含氧氣體17進行熱交換。The heat exchanger 70 is for exchanging heat between the combustion exhaust gas 61 of the afterburner 60 and the oxygen-containing gas 17 introduced before the cathode passage 23.
綜上所述，於本實施例中，該第一混合氣體11先通過該氫氣傳輸裝置10，接著分流成該燃料氣體13以及該第二混合氣體15分別進入該燃料電池20的陽極通道21與氣體通道27，該燃料氣體13與該進入陰極通道23的含氧氣體17於該燃料電池20中產生反應進而發電(即該燃料電池20將化學能轉換成電能)，該氣體通道27之尾氣28與該陽極通道21之尾氣22導入該碳氫化學品合成反應器30，該尾氣22中的剩餘氫氣與該尾氣28中的一氧化碳或二氧化碳進行反應而形成甲醇，反應式如下： CO 2+ 3H 2↔ CH 3OH + H 2O CO + 2H 2↔ CH 3OH In summary, in the present embodiment, the first mixed gas 11 first passes through the hydrogen gas transfer device 10, and then branches into the fuel gas 13 and the second mixed gas 15 respectively into the anode channel 21 of the fuel cell 20 and The gas passage 27, the fuel gas 13 and the oxygen-containing gas 17 entering the cathode passage 23 react in the fuel cell 20 to generate electricity (i.e., the fuel cell 20 converts chemical energy into electrical energy), and the exhaust gas 28 of the gas passage 27 The tail gas 22 with the anode channel 21 is introduced into the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30, and the remaining hydrogen in the tail gas 22 reacts with carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide in the tail gas 28 to form methanol. The reaction formula is as follows: CO 2 + 3H 2 ↔ CH 3 OH + H 2 O CO + 2H 2 ↔ CH 3 OH
接著，該碳氫化學品合成反應器30之尾氣31與該陰極通道23之尾氣24導入該後燃器60中進行燃燒反應，由該後燃器60所排出的燃燒尾氣61與該進入陰極通道23前的含氧氣體17則透過該熱交換器70進行熱交換，加熱後的含氧氣體17進入該燃料電池20中與該燃料氣體13進行發電，而經過熱交換後的燃燒尾氣61則由該熱交換器70直接排出。Next, the exhaust gas 31 of the hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor 30 and the exhaust gas 24 of the cathode passage 23 are introduced into the afterburner 60 for combustion reaction, and the combustion exhaust gas 61 discharged from the afterburner 60 and the inlet cathode passage The oxygen-containing gas 17 before 23 is heat-exchanged through the heat exchanger 70, and the heated oxygen-containing gas 17 enters the fuel cell 20 to generate electricity with the fuel gas 13, and the combustion exhaust gas 61 after heat exchange is The heat exchanger 70 is directly discharged.
藉此，本發明第四實施例所提供之燃料電池複合系統4可令燃料電池20發電後的剩餘氫氣妥善地再利用，而不造成能源的浪費。Thereby, the fuel cell composite system 4 provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention can properly reuse the remaining hydrogen gas generated by the fuel cell 20 without causing waste of energy.
由於本發明係利用系統中的剩餘氫氣並將碳回收而製備碳氫化學品，因此本發明不僅可將剩餘氫氣再利用，更可進一步地降低碳排放量。下表為本發明第一實施例至第三實施例之碳排放量的比較，其中對照組為台灣電力公司所公布之2014年火力發電之排碳量，由比較結果可知，不論是第一實施例提供的燃料電池複合系統1、或第二實施例提供的燃料電池複合系統2，還是第三實施例提供的燃料電池複合系統3，其碳排放量都較傳統火力發電廠大幅下降，顯見本發明確實具有減碳之功效。Since the present invention utilizes residual hydrogen in the system and recovers carbon to prepare hydrocarbon chemicals, the present invention can not only reuse the remaining hydrogen, but also further reduce carbon emissions. The following table compares the carbon emissions of the first to third embodiments of the present invention, wherein the control group is the amount of carbon emissions generated by the Taiwan Power Company in 2014, and the comparison results show that the first implementation is The fuel cell composite system 1 provided in the example 1, or the fuel cell composite system 2 provided in the second embodiment, or the fuel cell composite system 3 provided in the third embodiment, has a significantly lower carbon emission than the conventional thermal power plant. The invention does have the effect of reducing carbon.
碳排放量比較： <TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="_0002"><TBODY><tr><td> 系統 </td><td> CO<sub>2</sub>排放量(kg/kWh) </td><td> 減碳率(%) </td></tr><tr><td> 台灣電力公司火力發電廠 </td><td> 0.61 </td><td> (比較基準) </td></tr><tr><td> 燃料電池複合系統1 </td><td> 0.36 </td><td> 46.6 </td></tr><tr><td> 燃料電池複合系統2 </td><td> 0.40 </td><td> 40.1 </td></tr><tr><td> 燃料電池複合系統3 </td><td> 0.57 </td><td> 14.9 </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>Comparison of carbon emissions: <TABLE border="1" borderColor="#000000" width="_0002"><TBODY><tr><td> System</td><td> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (kg/ kWh) </td><td> Carbon reduction rate (%) </td></tr><tr><td> Taiwan Power Corporation Thermal Power Plant</td><td> 0.61 </td><td> (Baseline) </td></tr><tr><td> Fuel Cell Composite System 1 </td><td> 0.36 </td><td> 46.6 </td></tr><tr> <td> Fuel Cell Composite System 2 </td><td> 0.40 </td><td> 40.1 </td></tr><tr><td> Fuel Cell Composite System 3 </td><td> 0.57 </td><td> 14.9 </td></tr></TBODY></TABLE>
於其他實施例中，該尾氣22或尾氣22’中的剩餘氫氣與該尾氣28中的一氧化碳或二氧化碳進行反應後除了可合成甲醇，還可合成二甲醚、碳酸二甲酯及其混合物所組成群組中的至少一者，其反應式如下： 二甲醚合成： CO + 2H 2→ CH 3OH 2CH 3OH → CH 3OCH 3+ H 2O 碳酸二甲酯合成： 2CH 3OH + CO 2→ (CH 3O) 2CO + H 2O In other embodiments, the residual hydrogen in the exhaust gas 22 or the exhaust gas 22' is reacted with carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas 28 to form a mixture of dimethyl ether, dimethyl carbonate and a mixture thereof in addition to methanol synthesis. At least one of the groups has the following reaction formula: Dimethyl ether synthesis: CO + 2H 2 → CH 3 OH 2CH 3 OH → CH 3 OCH 3 + H 2 O Dimethyl carbonate synthesis: 2CH 3 OH + CO 2 → (CH 3 O) 2 CO + H 2 O
上述僅為本發明實施例之說明，不能作為限定本發明實施之範圍，其他舉凡未超脫本發明精神所作的簡易結構潤飾或變化，仍應屬於本發明意欲保護之範疇。The above is only the description of the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and other simple structural modifications or variations that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.
1‧‧‧燃料電池複合系統
25‧‧‧介質層
10‧‧‧氫氣傳輸裝置
27‧‧‧氣體通道
11‧‧‧第一混合氣體
28‧‧‧尾氣
13‧‧‧燃料氣體
3‧‧‧燃料電池複合系統
13’‧‧‧燃料氣體
30‧‧‧碳氫化學品合成反應器
15‧‧‧第二混合氣體
31‧‧‧尾氣
17‧‧‧含氧氣體
4‧‧‧燃料電池複合系統
2‧‧‧燃料電池複合系統
40‧‧‧燃料改質器
20‧‧‧燃料電池
50‧‧‧水分離器
21‧‧‧陽極通道
60‧‧‧後燃器
22‧‧‧尾氣
61‧‧‧燃燒尾氣
22’‧‧‧尾氣
70‧‧‧熱交換器
23‧‧‧陰極通道
80‧‧‧降溫裝置
24‧‧‧尾氣1‧‧‧ fuel cell composite system
25‧‧‧ dielectric layer
10‧‧‧ Hydrogen transmission device
27‧‧‧ gas passage
11‧‧‧First mixed gas
28‧‧‧Exhaust
13‧‧‧fuel gas
3‧‧‧ fuel cell composite system
13'‧‧‧fuel gas
30‧‧‧ hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor
15‧‧‧Second mixed gas
31‧‧‧Exhaust
17‧‧‧Oxygen gas
4‧‧‧ fuel cell composite system
2‧‧‧Fuel cell composite system
40‧‧‧Fuel reformer
20‧‧‧ fuel cell
50‧‧‧Water separator
21‧‧‧Anode channel
60‧‧‧ afterburner
22‧‧‧Exhaust
61‧‧‧ Burning exhaust
22'‧‧‧Exhaust
70‧‧‧ heat exchanger
23‧‧‧ Cathode channel
80‧‧‧ cooling device
24‧‧‧Exhaust
第1圖係本發明第一實施例之系統示意圖； 第2圖係本發明第二實施例之系統示意圖； 第3圖係本發明第三實施例之系統示意圖； 第4圖係本發明第四實施例之系統示意圖。1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system according to a third embodiment of the present invention; A schematic of the system of the embodiment.
1‧‧‧燃料電池複合系統 1‧‧‧ fuel cell composite system
10‧‧‧氫氣傳輸裝置 10‧‧‧ Hydrogen transmission device
11‧‧‧第一混合氣體 11‧‧‧First mixed gas
13‧‧‧燃料氣體 13‧‧‧fuel gas
15‧‧‧第二混合氣體 15‧‧‧Second mixed gas
17‧‧‧含氧氣體 17‧‧‧Oxygen gas
20‧‧‧燃料電池 20‧‧‧ fuel cell
21‧‧‧陽極通道 21‧‧‧Anode channel
22‧‧‧尾氣 22‧‧‧Exhaust
23‧‧‧陰極通道 23‧‧‧ Cathode channel
24‧‧‧尾氣 24‧‧‧Exhaust
25‧‧‧介質層 25‧‧‧ dielectric layer
27‧‧‧氣體通道 27‧‧‧ gas passage
28‧‧‧尾氣 28‧‧‧Exhaust
30‧‧‧碳氫化學品合成反應器 30‧‧‧ hydrocarbon chemical synthesis reactor
31‧‧‧尾氣 31‧‧‧Exhaust
40‧‧‧燃料改質器 40‧‧‧Fuel reformer
50‧‧‧水分離器 50‧‧‧Water separator
60‧‧‧後燃器 60‧‧‧ afterburner
61‧‧‧燃燒尾氣 61‧‧‧ Burning exhaust
70‧‧‧熱交換器 70‧‧‧ heat exchanger
Claims (14)
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| TW104136187A TWI557980B (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2015-11-03 | Fuel Cell Hybrid System |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US11710837B2 (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2023-07-25 | Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system including a separation membrane |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6713204B2 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2004-03-30 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system |
| US20060030652A1 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2006-02-09 | Paul Adams | Fuel supplies for fuel cells |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6713204B2 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2004-03-30 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system |
| US20060030652A1 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2006-02-09 | Paul Adams | Fuel supplies for fuel cells |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11710837B2 (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2023-07-25 | Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system including a separation membrane |
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