TWI548858B - Convertible automatic or semi-automatic rifle - Google Patents

Description

Modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle

The invention relates to a convertible firearm, in particular a convertible automatic or semi-automatic firearm.

Conventional automatic or semi-automatic firearms are capable of firing a single fixed-caliber bullet, such as 7.62-51 (also known as 7.62 mm NATO) caliber and commercially known as the .308 caliber. If the firearm user wants to launch different calibers, such as 5.56mm NATO caliber bullets, for different purposes, such as 5.56mm NATO caliber bullets, or for training, or cost savings, the user usually needs to have another launch. The firearms of different caliber bullets require two different firearms due to the single fixed caliber performance, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost and maintenance. Therefore, a single firearm that can fire different caliber bullets is generally required.

According to an embodiment, the present invention provides a modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle. The rifle has a lower receiver assembly equipped with a fire control assembly for launching the rifle; and a frame and a gun for firing a bullet of a predetermined diameter An upper receiver assembly of a bolt carrier assembly. The lower casing has a joint interface for connecting the lower casing to the upper casing, and for connecting the lower casing to another upper casing, the other upper casing is different from the predetermined transmission The caliber bullet should be on the machine. The other upper casing is equipped with different gun bodies and different bolt linkages for firing bullets of different predetermined calibers.

According to another embodiment, the present invention provides a modular automatic or semi-automatic blessing gun. The rifle has a bolt linkage and a barrel above the barrel; and can be coupled to the upper casing and the casing under the launch control device. The upper casing can be selected from different interchangeable upper casings, and the respective replaceable upper casings have different setting characteristics to enable the rifle to fire bullets of different predetermined calibers.

According to yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle. The rifle has a machine body with a gun body and a bolt connector, and is used for launching a bullet of a predetermined diameter; and can be coupled to the upper casing and equipped with a launching device under the casing. The lower casing has a joint interface for combining the lower casing to the upper casing. An adapter can be used for the bonding interface, the adapter incorporating the lower casing to another upper casing different from the upper casing for emitting a predetermined caliber bullet. The other machine is equipped with different gun bodies and different bolt linkages for launching bullets of different predetermined calibers.

Figure 1A shows a side view of an automatic or semi-automatic firearm 10 incorporating features of an embodiment of the present invention. While the present invention has been described in terms of the drawings, it is understood that the invention may be In addition, any suitable size, shape or type of component or material may be used. Referring also to Figure 1B, a side view of an automatic or semi-automatic firearm 10 incorporating features in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown. The firearm 10 can be a modular carbine as a user level, task setting, lightweight module, multi-calibre weapon system. The system can use a combination of upper casings 34 and possibly a multi-caliber, multi-operating carbine/rifle. The system may be cartridge-filled and capable of being launched in an automatic or semi-automatic mode. A firearm (such as a rifle) 10 allows the user to quickly reassemble the weapon system for multitasking needs. For example, the firearm 10 can be set up from 5.56mm to 7.62x51mm by changing the upper casing and the buffer system. NATO. In other embodiments, different calibers may be provided or a general purpose buffer system may be used, as will be described in detail later. By loosening the detachable or pivot pin (with simple tools, no tools, firearms or gauges), the user can change the 5.56mm close quarters battle (CQB) short barrel assembly to the full length. 7.62mm x 51mm extended range carbine (ERC) or rifle configuration without the need to re-zero or reposition the optical sight already mounted on the upper casing. Here, the weapon system can provide user-level module fabric capabilities and reduce the loss of critical mission time and the need for key technicians to implement weapon fabric changes. The firearm 10 can have a self-sufficient means of protecting the critical components of the operating system and providing uninterrupted operation in a variety of environments. The firearm 10, equipped with a shared lower casing section 44, provides a single serial number weapon system that can be reassembled to form a multi-carbine/caliber configuration and without the need for special tools. The module functionality can also be applied to an operating system that can be grouped into a pneumatic, piston or hybrid gas/piston operating system. The lower casing section 44 shows a 7.62 mm x 51 mm lower casing. In other embodiments, any suitable caliber may be provided. The lower casing section 44 can be forged and can have a polymer A2 form handle, and can be combined with the M4/M16 magazine, the trigger mechanism, and the different barrel lengths of the casing/barrel assembly, caliber and operating system. Compatible. The lower casing section 44 can have a two-handed bolt catch, a magazine catch, and/or a selector lever, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application. 11/351,631 (filed on February 9, 2006), which is hereby incorporated by reference. The upper casing assembly 34 can be forged or modularized on a single piece and can be provided with steel lining at important wearable parts to extend service life. The barrel 36 can be of different lengths, such as 13", 16" and 18" free floating barrels. The barrel 36 can have a muffling function, such as using a SEI vortex compensator (Vortex R Compensator). 48 can be a polymer structure and The M110 Sniper Weapon System (SWS) metal clip is compatible. The sight 52 can be an adjustable folding front sight that provides multiple aiming mounting and assisting devices without obstructing the standard sight column. The stock 42 may be a foldable, multi-position EMod or IMod stock. The firearm 10 can have a major military-grade (Mil-Spec) hard anodized surface with camouflage colors and patterns. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1A, the upper casing assembly 34 has a 16" 7.62 x 51 mm barrel and is interchangeable with a 13" CQB 7.62 x 51 mm gun upper casing combination 12. In other embodiments, any suitable combination of barrels or calibers is available, such as 308 Win., 7mm-08 Rem., 243 Win., 22-250 Rem. or others. In the embodiment of FIG. 1B, the 7.62 x 51 mm universal lower casing section 44 is shown to be compatible with the replaceable upper casing assembly 34, 16, 18, 20, 22, wherein the upper casing assembly 34 can be an ERC 16" 7.62x51mm upper casing and barrel combination, the upper casing 16 can be a carbine 14.5" 7.62x51mm upper casing and barrel combination, the upper casing 18 can be CQB 10.3" 7.62x51mm upper casing and barrel combination, The upper casing 20 can be a M47.62x51mm upper casing and a ARS barrel combination, and the upper casing 22 can be any suitable Clot M4 7.62x51mm upper casing and barrel combination. The upper casing 12, 34, 16, 18, 20, 22 may have one or more different calibers and utilize one or more different adapters corresponding to different caliber jaws to engage the lower casing section 44. Using an adapter, such as adapter 190, the lower machine The crucible section 44 can be compatible with any suitable caliber casing, such as a 5.56 x 45 mm NATO upper casing 170, 230 or 250, 6.5 Grendel R, 6.8 mm Rem. SPC, 7.62 x 39 mm, .222 Rem. or others. In this embodiment, each non-7.62 x 51 mm caliber may have a corresponding magazine adapter, however in several other embodiments, The magazine adapter can be used to combine a plurality of caliber cartridges to the magazine compartment of the shared lower casing. Thus, the modular automatic or semi-automatic gun 10 has a casing section 44 provided with an emission control assembly 93.匣 combination 34 There is a gun body 28 and a bolt linkage for firing a bullet of a predetermined diameter. The lower casing section 44 can be coupled to the upper casing assembly 34, and there is a combined pinhole 70 that can be used to combine the lower casing section 44 to the upper casing combination 34 and the combined lower casing section 44 to a different launch schedule. The upper casing clamshell 250 of the casing combination 34 above the caliber bullet. The other upper casing 250 has different gun bodies 252 and different bolt linkages for firing different predetermined caliber bullets. In this embodiment, the upper casing 250 can be selected from different alternative upper casings, each having different characteristics to determine the rifle to fire bullets of different predetermined calibers. The adapter 190 can provide a coupling pinhole 70 to engage the lower casing section 44 to the other upper casings 250.

Referring to Figures 1C1 and 1C2, there is shown a specification sheet incorporating features of embodiments of the present invention. Table 24 shows an example of the specifications associated with the 7.62 x 51 mm caliber. Table 26 shows an example of the specifications associated with the 5.56 x 45 mm caliber. In other embodiments, any suitable caliber may be employed.

Referring to Figure 1D, there is shown a side view of an automatic or semi-automatic firearm 10 having the features of the embodiments. Referring also to Figure 2, an exploded perspective view of the firearm of Figure 1D is shown. Figure 3 also shows another exploded perspective view of the firearm of Figure 1D. The firearm 10 may be an indirect gas operation, such as the M-4TM or M-16 firearm supplied by Colt Defense (LLC), and similar commercial variants thereof, as characterized by being disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/ 231,063 (application date September 19, 2005), or US patent application 11/352,036 (application date February 9, 2006), or US patent application 60/772,494 (application date February 9, 2006), U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/154, 738, filed on Jun. 16, 2005, or U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/113,525, filed on Apr. 25, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference. Guns 10 show a general black rifle-like style, which belongs to the black rifle style series developed by Eugene Stoner, such as M-4TM or M-16 automatic firearms. However, the features disclosed in the embodiments, as described below, will be equally applicable to any suitable automatic or semi-automatic firearm. The firearm 10 can be characterized, for example, from U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/672,189, filed on Feb. 7, 2007, or U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/869,676, filed on Jan. 9, 2007. Application 11/339,187 (filed January 25, 2006), which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. The firearms 10 can have operational features, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,726,377, 5,760,328, 4,658,702, 4, 433, 610, U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/836,443, filed Apr. 30, 2004, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/564,895. The filing date is April 23, 2004), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The detailed description of the firearm 10 and its parts disclosed below is merely an example. In other embodiments, the firearm 10 may have other parts or systems. The firearm 10 can have an upper casing assembly 34 that can be a 7.62 mm NATO upper casing with a single structure of integral wood. In other embodiments, different (i.e., one-piece members) calibers can be used and different movable guards can be used. The firearm 10 can have a barrel 36, a direct, indirect or mixed indirect gas operating system 38, and a wood guard 40. In other embodiments, the firearm 10 can have an indirect gas operating system or a gas turbine operating system. Moreover, in other embodiments, the firearm may be neither a piston nor a gas operating system, but a recoil action to circulate the weapon, for example, a semi-automatic mode. In this way, the gas operating link can be replaced by a gas pipe in the upper bolt of the upper casing. The operational features of the operating system 38 can be disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/557,815, filed on Sep. 11, 2009, or on the entire disclosure of For reference. The slats 40 can be characterized, for example, by U.S. Patent Nos. 4,663,875 and 4,536,982, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/341, 970, filed Dec. April 9th, here, for Reference. The veneer 40 of the upper casing assembly 34 can be used to support the rails, such as the "Picatiny rail" described in the military guidelines 1913, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. The rail can be made of any suitable material, such as hard anodized aluminum. A rear sight assembly 50 can be provided and mounted to the upper casing assembly 34. The firearm 10 can include a stock 42, a lower casing section 44, a magazine compartment 46, a magazine 48 and a door 50 and a sight 52.

In an embodiment, the lower chassis section 44 is a shared lower chassis (e.g., may incorporate a 7.62 NATO compatible upper chassis or a 5.56 NATO type chassis). For example, in the embodiment, the lower section portion 90 of the lower casing section 44 (Fig. 10B) is NATO 7.62 mm compatible, and is provided with a magazine compartment 46 that accepts a 7.62 mm magazine 48, and a lower casing section. The post-partial portion 92 of the 44 is NATO 5.56 mm compatible, which will be described in detail later. Thus, the front section 90 has a combined pinhole 70 (Fig. 2) for engaging a 7.62 mm NATO type upper casing and a magazine compartment 46 for receiving a NATO 7.62 mm magazine 48. The NATO 5.56 mm compatible undercarriage section 44 rear section portion 92 has an emission control assembly 93 that is equipped with a trigger, hammer, and shot selector that is substantially similar to the NATO 5.56 mm lower casing feature. In other embodiments, other suitable later sections are available. The present embodiment will be described in detail below. The firearm 10 can be disassembled by the lower casing section 44 to convert the first fabric, such as NATO 7.62 mm, into another fabric, such as NATO 5.56 mm. Replacing the first main spring and the first main buffer (for the first bolt carrier to match the 7.62 mm NATO bullet) into the second main spring and the second main buffer (for the first bolt carrier to match 5.56mm NATO bullet); engaging the interface adapter to the lower casing and combining the lower casing to the second upper casing to form a bullet that is different from the first upper casing. Although the example shown in this embodiment is converted from NATO 7.62mm to NATO 5.56mm, in other embodiments, any suitable caliber Bullet combinations or more barrel calibers can be used.

The stock 42 can be characterized as disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/246, file, filed on Jan. 6, 2008, or on For reference. The barrel 36 upper casing 34, the lower casing section 44 and the magazine compartment 46 are moldable and organized so that the firearm 10 includes a modular rifle design. In addition, the guarding wood and the accessory mounting rail thereon can be integrated with the upper casing, and the integral casing, the guarding stone and the mounting rail can be a single structure. In other embodiments, the upper casing and the guard can be separated. The lance 68 is coupled to the upper casing 34 and the lower casing section 44, wherein the lower casing has a coupling pinhole 70 that accepts the perforations lugs 72 of the upper casing assembly 34. The lug 72 has an outer surface 72' that mates with an inner surface of the receiving portion that receives the lower portion 44 of the lug portion 44 of the lug 72. As such, the lug 72 can be bolted and retained within the receiving portion 71 of the lower casing section 44. Although the combination of the lower casing section 44 and the upper casing assembly 34 uses the insertion portion of the lug and the lug, in other embodiments, any suitable fastener and/or positioning method can be used. For example, the lug can be located at the lower casing and the receiving portion is located at one or both of the upper casings. In yet another example, the fastening and positioning features of the front section of the lower casing may be different from the fastening and positioning features of the rear section of the upper casing. In other embodiments, a single fastening and positioning component or a plurality of fastening and positioning components can be used to bond the lower casing to the upper casing. Also in other embodiments, separate positioning and fastening components are available. Further, any suitable fastening and positioning method can be used, similar to the combination of the lower casing section 44 and the different casings of different calibers or features. A bolt catch release lever 80 is used to return the bolt to the position to be fired after the last bullet in the firing magazine 48 is fired. The magazine release button 82 and the magazine release lever 84 are used. The magazine 48 is released from the lower casing section 44. The clip release lever 84 will be described in detail below to maintain the clip 48 fully inserted into the magazine compartment 46.

Referring to Figure 4, an exploded perspective view of the casing section 44 of the firearm of Figure 1D is shown. As described above, the casing section 44 of the embodiment can be combined with different replaceable upper casings that can launch different NATO chamber bullets. Therefore, the lower casing section 44 can be regarded as a common lower casing of the different alternative upper casings. Referring also to Figure 5, there is shown an exploded perspective view of the casing of Figure 1D. In an embodiment, the lower casing section 44 can be an assembly including a casing extension and a stock 40, a magazine 46, and a magazine 48. The lower casing section 44 has a front section 90 that is provided with a magazine for accepting different bullet cartridges, such as a NATO 7.62 mm magazine 48 and a NATO 5.56 mm magazine (see Figures 19, 20). The lower portion 92 of the lower casing is extended to the rear end of the front portion 90, including the trigger and the shooting control group and the casing. The magazine compartment 46 can have interlocking features, such as rails or detents that can be externally and internally combined with the bonding features of the magazine 48 or with the interface adapter to secure the adapter to the lower casing. The lower section portion 90 of the lower casing section 44 has a combined pinhole 70 that is coupled to the upper casing assembly 34 (e.g., a 7.62 mm NATO compatible upper casing) and a magazine compartment that accepts conventional, for example, NATO 7.62 mm magazines 48. 46. The lance 68 combines the upper casing assembly 34 with the lower casing section 44, wherein the lower casing has a coupling pinhole 70 that receives the lug 72 of the upper casing assembly 34. The rifle release lever 80 can return the bolt to the position to be fired after the last bullet in the firing magazine 48. A magazine release button 82 and a magazine release lever 84 can be used to release the magazine 48 from the lower casing section 44. The magazine release lever 84 maintains the magazine 48 fully inserted into the magazine compartment 46, wherein the extension 100 of the magazine release lever 84 engages the projection 102 of the magazine 48. The clip release button 82 can disengage the extension 100 from the tab 102 such that the clip 48 is ejected. As mentioned above, The lower casing portion 92 has features such as coincident with the 5.56 mm NATO lower casing section 44, including the trigger 104, the hammer 106, the launch control selector 108, and the auto sear 110. The lower casing can be characterized by a detachable or integrated grip and a mounting stock. It should be understood that in other embodiments, the upper casing may be conventionally coupled to the lower casing. The firearm 10 also has a gun spring and a cushion assembly 112 to facilitate the return of the bolt linkage during cycling. The gun spring and cushion assembly 112 of the firearm 10 is located within the lower casing rear extension 114. Here, the extension portion of the casing can be positioned and arranged to engage the 5.56 mm NATO compatible upper casing and the bolt carrier, however, in the embodiment, the lower rear extension 114 and the overall lower casing can be further engaged with 7.62. The mm NATO bullet is compatible with the upper casing and the bolt linkage. In an embodiment, the bumper 116 and the barrel spring 118 can have different lengths, weights, and stiffnesses, such as 7.62 mm compatibility with respect to the 5.56 mm spring and bumper will be detailed later. In the embodiment, the lower casing section 44 is shown as a common lower casing of 7.62-51 and 5.56 mm, wherein the lower section section 90 of the lower casing section 44 is NATO 7.62 mm compatible, with an acceptable NATO 7.62 mm magazine. The magazine compartment 46 of the 48, and the rear section 92 of the lower casing section 44 are NATO 5.56 mm compatible.

Referring to Figures 6A and 6B, which respectively show a rear view and a right side view of the upper stack 34 of the firearm of Figure 1D, the casing is compatible with, for example, a 7.62 mm NATO bullet. Referring also to Figures 7 and 8, an exploded perspective view of the upper assembly 34 of the firearm of Figure 1D is shown. The upper casing typically has a barrel 36, a direct or indirect gas operating system 38, a wood guard 40, a door 50 and a sight 52, a shell opening cover 120, an attachment and a bolt assembly 124. The barrel and/or bolt/bolt linkage can utilize conventional cogging and/or thread/tip locking techniques or other combination of upper casings. The mulch 40 can have features such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,663,875 and 4,536,982, the entireties of each of Said. The guard may be configured to mount additional devices on one or more rails (e.g., "picardini rails" or other suitable fabric). In an embodiment, the casing of the firearm 10 has an integral wood portion and a removable barrel connected to the casing. In other embodiments, the wood guard can be removed from the upper casing. The mulch 40 has a movable bottom that is provided with an integral guide rail for mounting the selection device. In this embodiment, the rail can be located at 6 o'clock from the axis of the barrel, although in other embodiments, the movable rail can be located at any desired location. The bottom can be removed to install other accessories of different forms of the bottom, such as a grenade launcher. The bottom mountable device with integral rails utilizes a keyway system or a toge and groove system or other suitable system, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/772,494, filed on (February 9), or U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/100,268, filed on Apr. 9, 2008, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Here, the upper casing assembly 34 is shown as an integral structure of the integral wood guard 40 and the bolt carrier and the bolt assembly 124, which can be used for the operation of the 7.62 mm NATO bullet. The engagement and operation of the conventional bolt carrier 180 and the lower casing rear extension 114 will be described in detail later.

Referring to Figures 9A and 9B, a side view and a rear view, respectively, of the bolt assembly 124 for the upper assembly 34 of the firearm of Figure 1D are shown. In an embodiment, the bolt carrier rear section 130 can be engaged with a 5.56 mm lower casing rear extension 114 that combines the lower casing section 44 and the bumper 116 and has a similar buffer to a 5.56 mm compatible buffer. The diameter. It should be noted that the outer ring of the rear portion of the bolt linkage frame is adjusted and shaped to match the lower frame extension portion 114, and a smaller diameter bolt is connected to the rear portion of the frame and the shorter length is provided. The compatibility of the 5.56 mm rear section 92 of the casing section 44. In addition, the center line of the rear section 130 of the bolt carrier and the reaction axis deviation From the centerline of the 7.62 mm bolt assembly 124 and the front portion 134 of the bolt carrier, the rear portion 130 of the bolt carrier is offset from the front portion of the bolt 132 and the bolt assembly 124. Here, when compared to a conventional 7.62 bolt/bolt linkage, the rear bolt centerline (downward direction) is lower than the reference reference bolt centerline. 9A-9B, the guiding surface of the bolt carrier that guides the bolt carrier to move backward is opposite to the bolt carrier front portion 134 and the bolt carrier rear portion 130. deviation. In an embodiment, the bolt centerline 138 can be offset by a set amount toward the lower casing compared to a conventional 7.62 mm NATO upper casing. It will be appreciated that the assembly of the upper casing 38 from the bolt centerline 138 has an equivalent amount of configuration.

Referring to Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D and 10E, the individual, rear, side, elevation and front views of the underarm of the firearm of Figure 1D are shown. Referring also to Figures 11A-11D, there is shown a perspective view of the casing of the firearm of Figure 1D. The lower casing section 44 has a casing 150 below the magazine compartment 46. The magazine compartment 46 has an elongated aperture 152 that allows the tab 102 of the magazine 48 (see Figure 4) to be untouched when the magazine 48 is inserted into the magazine. In the embodiment, the lower casing 150 is a common casing of 7.62-51 and 5.56, wherein the lower section of the lower casing section 74 is NATO 7.62mm compatible, and is provided with a NATO 7.62mm magazine 48. And the magazine compartment 46 of the 5.56 NATO cartridge 200 (see Figures 19-20), and wherein the lower section section 92 of the lower casing section 44 is NATO 5.56 mm compatible as described above. The magazine compartment 46 can have interlocking means, such as rails 153 or stops 155, which can be externally or internally fitted to the binder assembly or interface adapter 190 (see Figure 17), as will be described in more detail below. The fastening adapter of the lower machine. The lower section portion 90 of the lower casing section 44 has a coupling pinhole 70 for engagement to the 7.62 mm lower casing and a magazine compartment 46 for receiving a conventional NATO 7.62 mm magazine 48. The tip can be combined The casing assembly 34 is lowered to the lower casing section 44, wherein the lower casing has a coupling pinhole 70 for receiving the perforating lug 72 of the upper casing assembly 34.

Referring to Fig. 12A, the perspective view shows a first barrel spring 118 of a size and shape that can be mounted in the rear extension 114 of the lower casing. The bolt spring 118 is further sized and shaped to provide the desired resilient interface for the 7.62 mm bolt carrier, which may be referred to simply as a 7.62 mm spring. The 7.62 mm spring 118 and bumper 116 are compatible with the lower casing section 44 and the 5.56 mm section of the lower casing rear extension 114. Here, the bumper 116 and the barrel spring 118 have different lengths, masses, and stiffnesses than the 5.56 mm spring and cushioning element (see Figure 12B).

Referring to Figure 12B, a perspective view of a 5.56 mm spring 160 is shown. The 5.56 mm spring 160 and cushioning element 162 are conventional and compatible with the 5.56 mm portion of the lower casing section 44 and the lower casing rear extension 114. Here, the bumper 116 and the barrel spring 118 have different lengths, masses, and stiffnesses than the 7.62 mm spring and cushioning element (see Figure 12A).

Referring to Figures 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D and 13E, the individual displays, for example, are compatible with the NATO 5.56mm bullet above the casing 170, the down, side, back and front views. Referring also to Figures 14A-14D, a perspective view of the upper casing 170 is shown. In an embodiment, the upper casing 170 may have a separate guard, but in other embodiments, the upper casing may be a unitary structure, including one of the upper casings 34 (Fig. 4-8). . The upper casing 170 is shown to be substantially similar to the 5.56 mm upper casing of the Black Machine type. The lug 172 has a perforation that fits the rear hole of the lower casing section 44, and the spigot 68 is inserted to engage the rear section of the upper casing 170 and the lower casing section 44. The lug 174 of the upper casing 170 has a perforation hole which can fit into the hole of the adapter of the 7.62 mm to 5.56 mm magazine and the insertion plug 68 to end The front section of the casing 170 is closed to the adapter. The adapter further has a perforated lug that can be inserted into the hole before the third spigot 68 to the lower casing section 44. As such, the front section of the 5.56 mm upper casing 170 can be coupled to the lower casing section 44. The upper casing can be combined with a protective wood having two parts that can be separated from the upper and lower parts. In other embodiments, the guard may include fewer or more portions (eg, similar to the upper and lower guards, the guard may have 3, 4, or more portions extending along the barrel). When the upper rail is installed, the upper guard can be integrated with the upper rail of the casing, and the upper rail of the guard can be aligned with and extended from the upper rail. Suitable protective woods are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/100,268, filed Apr.

Referring to Figures 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D and 15E, the individual shows the rear, side, back and front views of the conventional 5.56 mm bolt carrier 180. Referring also to Figures 16A-16D, a perspective view of the 5.56 mm bolt carrier 180 is shown.

Referring to Figures 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D and 17E and 17F, the left, rear, right, right, front and front views of the interface adapter 190 are shown individually. Referring also to Figures 18A-18D, a perspective view of the interface adapter 190 is shown. It should be understood that in an embodiment, the interface adapter does not need to be used for the interface of the lower casing and the upper casing 34 (for example, 7.62 NATO) but provides an interface between the lower casing and the upper casing 170 (for example, 5.56 NATO). ), so the lower machine can accept both 7.62 NATO and 5.56 NATO clips. Therefore, the interface adapter is removed when the lower casing is coupled to the casing assembly 34, and is used when the lower casing is coupled to the casing 170. The adapter 190 is detachably mounted to the magazine compartment 46 and may be fabricated from any suitable material, such as metal, plastic, ceramic, or the like. The adapter 190 can be coupled to the lower casing region via the first coupling spigot 194 and the lug formed by the combined outer surface 194' to engage the surface 70' of the receiving portion 71. The 7.62 mm spigot 68 of the segment 44 is combined. The spigot 194 is configured to engage the combined pinhole 70 of the lower nipple portion 44 and the front face portion of the lower casing portion 44. In addition, the adapter 190 can be positionally secured with the stop means 193, 195 in combination with the guide rail 153 of the lower casing section 44, the stop means 155 (see Figures 11A-11B). The adapter 190 has a second spigot 196 and defines a receiving portion 197 having a receiving surface 197' that accepts the front lug 174 of the upper casing 170, wherein the receiving surface 197' engages the surface 174 of the lug 174 'And the lower casing section 44 is coupled to the 5.56 upper casing 170. Here, the lug 174 of the upper casing 170 has a hole that fits the spigot hole 196 of the 7.62 mm to 5.56 mm clip nipper 190 and the insertion spigot 68 to join the upper casing 170 to the adapter 190. Wherein the insert and the opposing mating surface engage the adapter 190 to the upper casing 170. As noted above, the adapter 190 further has a perforated spigot 194 that can be inserted with the third lance 68 prior to the lower casing section 44. Thus, the 5.56 mm upper casing 170 can be coupled to the lower casing section 44. The outer casing of the adapter 190 can be such that the magazine 48 is received by the magazine, but is inserted by the top of the lower casing section 44. The narrow opening 192 allows the 5.56mm clip to pass unobstructed. The interior of the adapter 190 can accept a 5.56 mm magazine located in the magazine compartment 46, so the 5.56 mm bullet can be supplied to a 5.56 mm compatible upper casing mounted to the lower casing section 44.

Referring to Figures 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D and 19E and 19F, the individual views of the 5.56 mm magazine, the top, right, back, front and left sides are shown. Referring also to Figures 18A and 18B, a perspective view of the interface adapter of 7.62 mm to 5.56 mm is shown. The 5.56 mm magazine 200 has a projection 202. Similar to the braking and loosening of the clip 48, when the clip is fully inserted into the magazine, the extension 100 of the clip release lever 84 is engaged with the projection 202 of the clip 200 such that the clip release lever 84 holds the clip 200 . Clip release button 82 The extension 100 is disengaged from the tab 202 to allow the 5.56 mm cartridge 48 or 200 to bounce off. In addition, when the adapter 190 is installed, the elongated opening 192 of the adapter 190 allows the 5.56 mm magazine 200 to pass unhindered when inserted and removed from the magazine.

Referring to Figure 21A, a rear view of the 5.56 mm upper casing 230 is shown. Referring also to Figure 21B, a side view of the 5.56 mm upper casing 230 is shown. In an embodiment, the upper casing 230 has a body 232, wherein the upper casing is a single body, including an integral guard. The features displayed on the upper casing 230 are substantially similar to the 5.56 mm upper casing of a conventional black rifle type firearm. The lug 234 has a perforation that engages the coupling pinhole 70 of the lower casing section 44 and is inserted into the spigot 68 to engage the rear section of the upper casing 230 to the lower casing section 44. The lug 236 of the upper casing 230 has a perforation that engages the spigot hole 196 of the 7.62 mm to 5.56 mm cartridge nipper 190 and the insertion spigot 68 to engage the previous section of the upper casing 230 to the adapter 190. The adapter 190 further has a perforated spigot 194 that can be inserted with the third lance 68 prior to the lower casing section 44. Thus, the 5.56 mm upper casing 230 can be coupled to the lower casing section 44.

Referring to Figure 22A, a side view of the 5.56 mm upper casing is shown. Referring also to Figure 22B, an end view of the 5.56 mm upper casing is shown. In an embodiment, the upper casing 250 has a body 252, wherein the upper casing includes a separable guard 254. The features displayed on the upper casing 250 are substantially similar to the 5.56 mm upper casing of a conventional black rifle type firearm. The lug 256 has a perforation that engages the coupling pinhole 70 of the lower casing section 44 and is inserted into the spigot 68 to engage the rear section of the upper casing 250 to the lower casing section 44. The lug 258 of the upper casing 250 has a perforation that engages the spigot hole 196 of the 7.62 mm to 5.56 mm cartridge nipper 190 and the insertion spigot 68 to engage the previous section of the upper casing 250 to the adapter 190. The adapter 190 further has a perforation The spigot hole 194 is insertable with the third spigot 68 before the lower casing portion 44. Thus, the 5.56 mm upper casing 250 can be coupled to the lower casing section 44.

Referring to Figure 23, a side view of a 5.56 mm dedicated upper casing 270 is shown. In view of the embodiment, the upper casings 230, 250 use separate adapters 190 for coupling to the lower casing, and in view of the embodiment, the casings 230, 250 can be coupled to the conventional 5.56 mm lower casing, and the upper casing 270 can be It is specifically designed to be combined with the lower casing section 44 without the need for a separate adapter 190. In an embodiment, a single member 5.56 mm upper casing 270 has a component adapter portion that may be a combined or unitary member. In an embodiment, the upper casing 270 has a body 274, wherein the upper casing is shown as a single body, including an integral guard. The upper casing 270 is shown to be substantially similar to the 5.56 mm upper casing of a conventional black rifle type firearm, but has an adapter 272 that is integral to the assembly. The lug 276 has a perforation that engages the coupling pinhole 70 of the lower casing section 44 and is inserted into the spigot 68 to engage the rear section of the upper casing 270 to the lower casing section 44. The lug 280 of the upper casing 270 has a perforation that engages the combined pinhole 70 of the lower casing section 44. Thus, the front section of the 5.56 mm upper casing 270 can be coupled to the lower casing section 44.

Referring to Figure 24, which shows a perspective view of the upper casing 290, the upper casing 290 can be adapted to any aperture. The panel or fender 294 can be mounted and used on any caliber. The shield 294 may be steel or any other suitable material and may be embedded, for example, in any aluminum upper casing. The shield 294 can function as a guide rail and is easy to manufacture. Referring also to Figure 25, a perspective view of the shield 294 is shown. The shield 294 can have a thickness 296, for example, 0.03 inches, and has a central rib 298. The central rib 298 can engage a coupling groove between the bottom bottom shield of the bolt carrier end. Alternatively, there may be no central rib 298 when the bolt linkage is rounded at the end. Protection The thickness 296 of the plate 294 is mounted on the recess of the upper casing 290. The shield 294 further has lugs 302 and 304 that can be maintained on opposite sides of the upper jaw lug 306 to prevent movement of the shield 294. Alternatively, the shield plate of the bolt carrier can be removed, and the shield 294 performs the same function but is exempted from the fact that the bolt carrier is bound to the buffer tube (the machine is extended) because the buffer tube is not aligned with the upper casing. possibility. In an embodiment, the display shield 294 is disposed on the upper casing 290 to engage the rear of the bottom of the bolt carrier, wherein the shield 294 corrects any bolt linkage deflection, which is due to the gun operation. The bolt is moved backwards. The shield of the bolt carrier can be removed, and the shield 294 performs the same function, but eliminates the possibility that the bolt carrier is bound to the buffer tube (the extension of the casing). The restraint is caused by the misalignment of the buffer tube with the upper casing, and the reason for the misalignment is the upper casing, the lower casing, the lower casing thread, the buffer pipe thread, and the buffer gun.

Referring to the perspective view of Fig. 26, a shield 312 of the casing 310 on another embodiment is shown. Referring also to Figure 27, a perspective view of the shield 312 is shown. The shield 312 can have a thickness 314, for example, 0.03 inches or other thickness. The thickness 314 of the shield 312 is mounted on the inner surface 316 of the upper casing 310. The shield 312 further has lugs 318 and 320 that are maintained at opposite portions of the upper jaw lug 322 to prevent movement of the shield 312. In an embodiment, the guard plate on the bolt carrier can be removed, and the shield 312 performs the same function, but avoids the bolt carrier being bound to the buffer tube because the buffer tube is not aligned with the upper casing. (possibility of extension).

Referring to Figure 28, there is shown a cross-sectional view of a firearm having a common cushioning system 352 that is adapted to different caliber bullets without the need to replace a cushioning element (e.g., spring or other). Referring to Figure 29, a perspective view of the buffer stop 354 is shown. See also the cross-sectional view of the firearm 350 of Figure 30, which shows that the rifle is closed. Referring again to the firearm of Figure 31 A 350-section view showing that the rifle is partially open. The retractable automatic cushion stop 354 can be held down by the upper jaw 358 of the casing 356. Pushing and removing the detachable spike 360 to slightly open the rifle so that the retractable bolt carrier 362 can automatically open the rifle when the bumper 364 is behind the stop 354 (see Figure 31) and When aligned with the rear of the rifle. When the upper jaw 356 is fixed to the lower casing 366 with a spike, since the stopper 354 pushes the upper jaw 356, the force from the shoulder surface of the stopper 354 removes the tip of the nail 360 at the top of the upper and lower jaws. Any active gap in the nail hole (see Figure 30). Corresponding to the shortened bolt carrier 362, the distance 370 at which the buffer needs to be maintained to retract to open the upper jaw 356 can be obtained by the stopper blocking the buffer 364. The cushioning stopper spring 376 is located within the bore 378 of the lower casing 366 and around the stem 380 of the retainer 354 which, when compressed, bears against the shoulder of the retainer 354 to provide upward force. Thus, the shared buffer system 352 having the common spring 386 and the buffer 364 is located in the shared lower casing extension 388, which can be used by more than one upper casing. The shared buffer system 352 can provide a "conformal" buffer system and can extend the bumper 364 and the spring 386 beyond the front face of the extension pipe and the rear section of the upper casing to engage the bolt carrier in the upper casing When operating. For example, a 7.62 mm (and other greater than 5.56 mm caliber) bolt cradle can be shortened so that the launch can be adjusted, at least partially within the upper casing. For example, the length of the 7.62 mm bolt carrier can be shortened, generally similar to the length of the 5.56 mm bolt carrier, wherein the length of the bolt carrier can be shortened by shortening the rear section of the bolt carrier. In other embodiments, any suitable caliber or bolt carrier can be used, wherein the length of the bolt carrier can be varied as desired, which allows the length of the bolt carrier due to the fit of the bumper system (including 5.56mm machine) can be changed as required. In addition, the adaptive combination allows the shared buffer and the main spring to be used for more than one The type of bolt linkage is applicable to all types of bolt linkages, for example. In an embodiment, the actuable cushion retainer and the stop system can be combined to replace the conventional static buffer retainer and stop system of a conventional black rifle assembly, wherein the actuated buffer retainer is automated And loaded by spring. When the stopper 354 is in the deployed (extended) position (see FIG. 31), it can maintain the common buffer system 352 substantially aligned with the rear end of the extension tube and the upper casing interface, so that the upper casing 356 can be released from the lower casing 366. And removed. In the closed position (see FIG. 30), the retainer 354 can cause the common cushioning system 352 to closely fit the bolt carrier 362, for example, extending the outer side of the extension tube into or maintaining the bonded bolt carrier 362, for example, at a location 390. The buffer stop 354 is positioned by the upper casing 356 between extension and retraction. In an embodiment, the contact surface 394 of the rear spike lug 358 conforms to the detent 354, wherein the detent 354 is automatically closed when the upper casing is closed and automatically released when the upper casing is opened. Partial release can occur to facilitate contraction of the bumper 364 via the use of the bolt of the bolt puller 362, and then fully released to the extended position when the upper jaw 356 is open. The spring bias of the loading stop 354 against the upper casing 356 eliminates any undesirable gaps and associated noise between the upper and lower casings. In addition, after removal of the spikes 360, the retainer 354 can automatically open the upper casing 356 and pull back the bolt carrier 362 via the bolt puller to release the cushion stop 354. In other embodiments, any suitable configuration is available for the detent. A camming and ramp face 396 can be used for the front section of the detent 354 which facilitates retraction of the bumper 364 in a partially extended position.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of embodiments of the invention. Different substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It is to be understood that any modifications or variations of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

10, 350‧‧‧ firearms

12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 34, 290, 310, 356 ‧ ‧ upper machine combination

230, 270‧‧ ‧ upper casing

36‧‧‧ barrel

38‧‧‧ gas operating system

40‧‧‧Wood Department

42‧‧‧ Stock

44‧‧‧Under the machine section

46‧‧‧Carcass

48‧‧‧clip

50‧‧‧照照

52‧‧‧Sight

68‧‧‧ 插插

70‧‧‧ combined pinhole

70’‧‧‧ surface

71‧‧‧Acceptance Department

72, 172, 174, 234, 236, 256, 258, 276, 302, 304, 306, 318, 320‧‧ ‧ lugs

194‧‧‧ Pin hole

72'‧‧‧ outer surface

80‧‧‧The upper release lever of the gun

82‧‧‧clip release button

84‧‧‧ clip release lever

90‧‧‧Previous section

92‧‧‧After part

102‧‧‧The clip protrusion

104‧‧‧ Trigger

106‧‧‧ hammer

108‧‧‧Emission Control Selector

110‧‧‧Automatic hammer resistance

112‧‧‧buffer assembly

114‧‧‧Down machine extension

116‧‧‧buffer

118‧‧‧gun spring

120‧‧‧ Shelling cover

124‧‧‧ bolt assembly

180‧‧‧ bolt connector

130‧‧‧After the bolt joint

132‧‧‧ bolts

134‧‧‧The front part of the bolt joint

138‧‧‧ bolt centerline

150‧‧‧Unloading the clam shell

152‧‧‧Slong hole

153‧‧‧rails

155, 193, 195‧‧‧ stop devices

160‧‧ ‧ spring

162‧‧‧ cushioning element

170‧‧‧Upper casing

174’‧‧‧ surface

190‧‧‧Interface adapter

192‧‧‧Long mouth

194'‧‧‧ outer surface

196‧‧‧ Pin hole

197‧‧‧Acceptance Department

197’‧‧‧ Accepting the surface

200‧‧‧clip

202‧‧‧Protruding

232, 252, 274‧‧ ‧ gun body

250‧‧‧Upper casing

254‧‧‧ 护木

272‧‧‧ Adapter

294, 312‧‧ ‧ protective panels

296, 314‧‧‧ thickness

298‧‧‧Central Ribs

316‧‧‧ inner surface

352‧‧‧Shared buffer system

354‧‧‧stop

358‧‧‧After nails

360‧‧‧Tail nails

362‧‧‧Bolt linkage

364‧‧‧buffer

366‧‧‧After the aircraft

370‧‧‧ distance

376‧‧‧buffer stop spring

378‧‧‧ hole

380‧‧‧ pole

396‧‧‧ slope surface

Figure 1A Side view of an automatic or semi-automatic firearm; Figure 1B Side view of an automatic or semi-automatic firearm; Figure 1C1 specification table; Figure 1C2 specification table; Figure 1D Side view of an automatic or semi-automatic firearm; Figure 2 Fig. 3 is another exploded perspective view of the firearm of Fig. 1D; Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the casing under the firearm of Fig. 1D; Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the casing of the firearm under Fig. 1D; Figs. 6A and 6B respectively show Figure 1D is a rear view and a right side view of the first upper casing of the firearm of the first caliber bullet; Figure 7 is an exploded perspective view of the first upper casing of the firearm of Figure 1D; Figure 8 shows the first of the firearm of Figure 1D Another exploded perspective view of the upper casing; Figures 9A and 9B show side and rear views, respectively, of the first bolt carrier for the first upper casing of the firearm of Figure 1D; Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D And 10E respectively show the rear, side, back and front views of the casing below the firearm of Figure 1D; Figures 11A-11D show perspective views of the different angular positions of the casing below the firearm of Figure 1D; Figure 12A is used a perspective view of the first main gun spring of the first bolt linkage; Figure 12B is the first a perspective view of the second main gun spring; Figures 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D and 13E respectively show the rear, side, back and front views after the second upper casing of the second caliber bullet is fired; Figures 14A-14D show perspective views of different angular positions of the second upper casing; Figures 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D and 15E show the second, rear, side and front views, respectively, of the second bolt carrier; Figure 16A -16D shows a perspective view of different angular positions of the second bolt carrier; Figures 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D, 17E and 17F show the left, rear, right, right, front and front views of the interface adapter, respectively; Figure 18A -18D shows a perspective view of the interface adapter of 7.62mm to 5.56mm; Figures 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D, 19E and 19F show the perspective view of the 5.56mm clip, the front, the right, the front, the front and the left respectively; 20A and 20B show a perspective view of the 5.56mm magazine; Figure 21A shows an end view of the 5.56mm upper casing; Figure 21B shows a side view of the 5.56mm upper casing; Figure 22A shows a side view of the 5.56mm upper casing; Figure 22B The end view of the 5.56mm upper casing is shown; Figure 23 shows the side view of the 5.56mm dedicated upper casing; Figure 24 shows the perspective view of the upper casing; Figure 25 shows the perspective of the protective panel; Figure 26 shows the perspective of the upper casing Figure 27 shows a perspective view of the shield; Figure 28 shows a cross-sectional view of the firearm; Figure 29 shows the buffer A perspective view of the device; FIG. 30 shows a sectional view of part of the firearm; FIG. 31 shows a sectional view of part of the firearm.

10‧‧‧ firearms

12, 34‧‧‧Upper combination

28‧‧‧ gun body

36‧‧‧ barrel

42‧‧‧ Stock

44‧‧‧Under the machine section

48‧‧‧clip

52‧‧‧Sight

Claims (17)

A modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle includes: a common lower casing assembly equipped with a launch control device for launching a rifle; and a gun body, a barrel and a bolt carrier for firing a predetermined diameter bullet The upper casing assembly; wherein the shared lower casing assembly has a bonding interface for operatively combining the common lower casing assembly to the upper casing assembly, and operatively combining the common lower casing assembly to different Another upper casing assembly different from the upper casing assembly for launching the predetermined caliber bullet, the other upper casing combination having different gun bodies, different barrels and different bolts a linkage for launching a bullet of a different predetermined diameter; wherein the predetermined aperture is 7.62 x 51 mm, and the different predetermined aperture is 5.56 x 45 mm, wherein the shared lower casing combination has a front section and a rear section, the front section having a a configuration of the upper casing, the rear section having a configuration for the other upper casing, wherein the front section has a magazine, the magazine is used for the upper casing and the other The receiver assembly. For example, the modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle of the first application of the patent scope, wherein the front part receives the NATO 7.62mm magazine, and the rear section has a machine extension compatible with the NATO 5.56mm bolt linkage. unit. A modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an adapter that enables the other upper casing assembly to be coupled to the common lower casing combination. For example, the modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle of the first application of the patent scope, wherein the combination of the upper casing combination and the shared lower casing combination uses a nail. A modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shared lower casing further comprises a spring-loaded buffer, wherein the buffer requires a different spring to be combined with the other upper casing When the combination is down. A modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an adapter that enables the other upper casing assembly to be coupled to the common lower casing assembly, the adapter having an interior The clips of different predetermined calibers can be accepted. A modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle comprising: a combination of a bolted linkage and a barrel above the barrel; and a combined lower casing that can be coupled to the upper casing and equipped with a launch control assembly; The upper casing combination is selected from a group of different upper casings, the group comprising at least a first upper casing combination and a second upper casing combination, the first upper casing combination having a first gun body, a first barrel and a first bolt linkage for the first diameter bullet, the second upper casing has a second body, a second barrel and a second bolt a linkage for the bullet of the second caliber, the bullet of the first caliber is different from the bullet of the second caliber, Wherein the first aperture is 7.62 x 51 mm, and the second aperture is 5.56 x 45 mm, wherein the shared lower casing combination has a front section and a rear section, the front section having a configuration for the first upper casing combination, The rear section has a configuration for the second upper casing assembly, wherein the front section has a magazine compartment for the first casing combination and the second upper casing combination. For example, the modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle in the scope of patent application No. 7, wherein the front part accepts the NATO 7.62mm magazine, and the rear section has a machine extension that is compatible with the NATO 5.56mm bolt linkage. . A modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle as claimed in claim 7 wherein the group has a different alternative adapter, each of the different alternative adapters combining each of the different upper casing combinations in the group To the shared lower machine combination. For example, the modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle of claim 7 of the patent scope, wherein the combination of the upper casing combination and the shared lower casing combination uses a nail. The modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle of claim 7, wherein the shared lower casing further comprises a spring-loaded buffer for combining the first upper casing to the shared lower machine When combined, the buffer requires different springs for the second upper casing combination to be coupled to the common lower casing combination. A modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle as claimed in claim 7 wherein each of the different upper casings comprises a different alternative adapter, each of the adapters Each of the different upper casing assemblies can be coupled to the common lower casing assembly, each of the adapters having an interior that accepts cartridges of different predetermined calibers. A modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle, comprising: a combination of a gun body, a barrel and a bolt on a linkage base, the upper casing combination can be used to fire a bullet of a predetermined diameter; and can be coupled thereto The combination of the casing and the common lower casing assembly of the launch control assembly, the lower casing assembly having a bonding interface for operatively combining the common lower casing assembly to the upper casing combination; and coupling to the combination An interface adapter for combining a common lower casing to a different other upper casing combination, the other upper casing combination being different from the upper casing combination for transmitting the predetermined caliber bullet, the other The upper casing assembly has different gun bodies, different barrels and different bolt linkages that emit different predetermined calibers; wherein the predetermined caliber is 7.62 x 51 mm, and the different predetermined caliber is 5.56 x 45 mm, wherein the shared lower casing has a front section and a rear section, the front section having a configuration for the upper casing assembly, the rear section having a configuration for the other upper casing combination, wherein the front section has a bullet Cartridge, the cartridge magazine to the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly on the other. For example, the modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle of claim 13 of the patent scope, wherein the front section accepts the NATO 7.62mm magazine, and the rear section has a machine extension that is compatible with the NATO 5.56mm bolt linkage. . Such as the modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle of claim 13 The combination of the upper casing combination and the shared lower casing combination uses a nail. A modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle as claimed in claim 13 wherein the shared lower casing further comprises a spring-loaded buffer, wherein the buffer requires a different spring to be combined with the other upper casing When the combination is down. A modular automatic or semi-automatic rifle as claimed in claim 13 wherein the adapter has an interior that accepts the different predetermined diameter cartridges.