TWI536951B - Method for determining variations among multiple three-dimensional stone images extracorporeally and computer program using the same - Google Patents

Description

Method and computer program for judging differences between multiple three-dimensional stone images in vitro product

The invention relates to a method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro, in particular to performing texture eigenvalue calculation on a plurality of three-dimensional stone images, and determining differences between the plurality of three-dimensional stone images via texture feature values. The method, and a computer program product having a method of determining a difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro.

With the improvement of the quality of life, most people's eating habits tend to be oily, high-protein and even delicate diets. However, the above-mentioned diets are easy to cause the burden on the human body, which in turn leads to many diseases. The most direct relationship is the detoxification of the kidneys. The kidneys are part of the urinary system. They are responsible for filtering impurities in the blood, maintaining the balance between body fluids and electrolytes, and finally producing urine excreted through the urinary system. The most common disease in the kidneys is Kidney stones, kidney stones are mineral crystals in the urine that are deposited in the kidneys and sometimes move to the ureters. They are as small as sand and some as big as a golf ball. Smaller kidney stones are often excreted in the urine, but if the diameter increases to a few millimeters, it may block the ureter, causing obstruction of the urine, causing severe low back pain, and sometimes the pain extends to the lower abdomen or groin.

However, kidney stones can be treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, which has minimal damage to the body and is generally not hospitalized. Some stones that cannot be solved with shock waves require an endoscope, such as a ureter. Mirrors, etc., only a very small number of patients need to use traditional knife to remove stones, mostly because the stone is too large, and the knife has an advantage, that is, the stone can usually be taken out completely.

However, traditionally known extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment still has the following defects:

1. Traditionally known extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment, it is impossible to immediately know the situation of stone breakage in the human body. Most of the medical personnel judge the volume and position of the stone in advance by preoperative X-ray film or ultrasonic image, and then according to Experience to assess changes in the image of the stone determines the timing of the stoppage of the shock wave lithotripsy.

2. During the process of shock wave lithotripsy, the kidney will move with the patient's breathing, causing the stone to follow the movement and affect the gravel effect. If the stone is not broken enough, it will not be able to drain smoothly from the urethra and cause pain and kidney edema.

In order to solve the above-mentioned shock wave lithotripsy process, the inventors have approved the Republic of China Patent Publication No. "I414267" because the kidneys move with the patient's breathing, causing the stones to follow and move, thereby causing the inability to effectively track the lack of stones. In the 3D ultrasonic image tracking system of the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter, it is specifically mentioned that the 3D ultrasonic calculus image database of a patient is constructed in advance in a computer system, and the patient is gradually scanned by a 2D ultrasonic scanner. The sound image is cut into planes, and all the 2D ultrasonic image cuts obtained by the scan are reconstructed to form a 3D ultrasonic image database. At this time, the 3D ultrasonic image will be used as a reference database of the 3D tracking system, and then scanned during the lithotripsy treatment. The 2D ultrasonic stone image cut surface that is captured immediately is compared with the aforementioned 3D ultrasonic stone image database to analyze the correlation and the optimal position, so that the patient's stones can be instantly moved to the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter. The gravel is treated in the best position at the focal point of the shock wave. However, this patent case only shows how to effectively track the position of the stone in the patient, and can not carry out subsequent analysis of the constructed 3D ultrasound stone image.

Although in the clinical treatment of kidney stones, there are three-dimensional scanning devices that can show the treatment status in patients, but due to the limitations of current technical imaging techniques, doctors cannot determine the correlation between three-dimensional images and the degree of fragmentation of stones in vitro. Sex.

In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiency, the inventors have developed a method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro, which is based on a plurality of three-dimensional stones sequentially obtained in the process of performing the crushing stone on the human body. The image is performed outside the human body by the following steps: A. A plurality of three-dimensional stone images are processed by a processing unit, and an operation program is respectively executed one by one according to the order of time of acquisition, and the operation program is respectively operated by an entropy texture. Or an inverse moment (IDM) texture operator calculates a texture feature value for each three-dimensional stone image, wherein the entropy texture algorithm is defined as E=-Σ _i,j P ( i,j )log P ( i,j ), and the inverse moment (IDM) texture expression is defined as ,among them And i, j is a grayscale pixel value of the image, and the C(i, j) is the number of occurrences of (i, j) under the condition that the interval between the pixels is d and the angle θ; When the entropy texture expression or the texture feature value calculated by the IDM texture expression does not substantially change, the processing unit outputs a prompt signal.

The present invention is also a computer program product for installing an application on a computer to cause the computer to perform the above-described method of determining the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro.

Each of the three-dimensional stone images is constructed by taking a plurality of two-dimensional ultrasonic images, and an effective region is selected in each three-dimensional stone image to execute the foregoing operation program.

The method for determining the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro and the computer program product for performing the method for determining the difference between the plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro have the following effects:

1. Even if the stone is displaced by the respiration of the human body, it is still possible to scan a plurality of two-dimensional stone ultrasonic images and convert them into three-dimensional stone images through the invention, thereby being more accurate during the operation. Definitely positioned to the stone position.

2. Entropy texture operation or IDM texture operation is used to calculate a plurality of three-dimensional stone images with different degrees of fragmentation, and then the calculated texture feature values are used to determine whether the preset condition is reached. In this way, the change in the difference between the three-dimensional stone images is obtained, and then provided to the medical staff as a reference for stopping the shock wave. At the same time, it can avoid the degree of stone fragmentation is not enough to be discharged from the urethra, which may cause the possibility of recurrence in the future, or the completion of the gravel effect without stopping the shock wave firing procedure, causing unnecessary side effects and even causing renal pelvis. Contraction, uremia.

(1)‧‧‧Ultrasonic scanner

(11)‧‧‧Ultrasonic probe

(12) ‧‧‧First Sports Agency

(13) ‧‧‧Second sports institutions

(2)‧‧‧ Beds

(21)‧‧‧Slide platform

(3) ‧‧‧Processing unit

(31)‧‧‧Screen

(4) ‧‧‧shock generator

(F2) ‧ ‧ stone focus point

[First Image] is a flow chart showing the steps of the method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro.

[Second image] is a schematic diagram of a medical device architecture for performing a method for determining a difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro.

[Third image] is a schematic view of a 3D stone slice image of the present invention.

[Fourth figure] is a chart for calculating a three-dimensional stone image having different degrees of fragmentation of the stone using the entropy texture calculation formula of the present invention.

[Fifth Graph] is a graph for calculating a three-dimensional stone image having different degrees of fragmentation of the stone using the inverse moment (IDM) texture calculation formula of the present invention.

The invention is a method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro, in particular, obtaining a texture feature value by calculating the three-dimensional stone image in vitro, and determining the difference of each three-dimensional stone image by the texture feature value. Although the field of application in this embodiment is stone treatment in the medical field, the method for determining the difference between multiple three-dimensional stone images in vitro is only in the pattern. The eigenvalue determines the difference of each three-dimensional stone image, and does not directly determine the treatment status of the kidney stone. The obtained information is only an intermediate result, and the diagnosis result of the disease cannot be directly obtained. Therefore, the present invention determines a plurality of three-dimensional stones in vitro. The method of discrepancies between images is not subject to statutory and invention patents.

Please refer to the first figure, which is a flow chart showing the steps of the method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro, in particular, the method is based on performing the crushing process on the human body, The plurality of three-dimensional stone images obtained in sequence at the stone site are subjected to the following steps outside the human body:

A. A plurality of three-dimensional stone images are processed by a processing unit, and an operation program is respectively executed one by one according to the order of obtaining time, and the operation program is respectively an entropy texture operation method or an inverse error moment (IDM) texture. The expression calculates a texture feature value of each three-dimensional stone image, wherein the entropy texture expression is defined as E=-Σ _i,j P ( i,j )log P ( i,j ), and the deficit The moment (IDM) texture expression is defined as ,among them And i, j is a grayscale pixel value of the image, and the C(i, j) is the number of occurrences of (i, j) under the condition of the combination of the inter-frame distance d and the angle θ between the pixels.

B. The processing unit performs a detection process for reading a plurality of three-dimensional stone images with the entropy texture operation or the texture eigenvalue calculated by the inverse error (IDM) texture operation, wherein the entropy is utilized (Entropy) a texture eigenvalue calculated by a texture expression, wherein the texture eigenvalue is proportional to the degree of fragmentation of the stone, and the texture eigenvalue calculated by the error matrix (IDM) texture expression, the texture eigenvalue and the The degree of stone fragmentation is inversely proportional. When the detection program detects that the texture feature value calculated by the entropy texture operation formula or the error matrix (IDM) texture expression does not change, the processing unit issues A reminder signal.

Each of the three-dimensional stone images is constructed by taking a plurality of two-dimensional ultrasonic images, and an effective region is selected in each three-dimensional stone image to execute the foregoing operation program.

Please refer to the second figure, which shows an embodiment of the method for image fragmentation of the three-dimensional stone of the present invention, comprising an ultrasonic scanner (1), a bed (2), and a processing unit (3). a screen (31) connecting the processing unit (3) and a seismic generating device (4).

The ultrasonic scanner (1) is disposed around the bed (2), and the ultrasonic scanner (1) comprises an ultrasonic probe (11), a first motion mechanism (12) and a second motion mechanism. (13), the first motion mechanism (12) and the second motion mechanism (13) enable the ultrasonic probe (11) to be moved to any of the captured image positions and transmitted through the ultrasonic probe (11) The image is scanned and transmitted to the processing unit (3).

The bed (2) is for lying on the patient, the bed (2) has a sliding platform (21), and the sliding platform (21) is controlled by the processing unit (3) for controlling The bed (2) moves.

The processing unit is configured to receive an image transmitted by the ultrasonic scanner (1), thereby simulating a three-dimensional stone image, and presenting the three-dimensional stone image on the screen (31).

The shock wave generating device (4) is configured to perform a seismic wave treatment on a stone focusing point (F2) for gravel treatment.

Please refer to the first and second figures again, together with the medical equipment described above and the method of performing the difference between multiple three-dimensional stone images in vitro, as follows: First, medical personnel use the ultrasonic scanner (1) to successively scan multiple two-dimensional ultrasound images of patients undergoing extracorporeal shock surgery (multiple two-dimensional ultrasound images are acquired for each extracorporeal shock wave). Through the processing unit (3), a plurality of two-dimensional ultrasonic images are constructed into a plurality of three-dimensional stone images with different degrees of fragmentation. Among them, the two-dimensional ultrasonic image slice scanning method for obtaining the reconstructed three-dimensional stone image can be horizontal, curved, rotating angle or vertical scanning.

Then, the processing unit (3) selects an effective area according to the position of the stone according to the three-dimensional stone image, and the detailed selection picture is shown in the third figure.

After the effective area is selected, the processing unit (3) performs an operation program on the effective area of the three-dimensional stone image in vitro, and the operation program is respectively an entropy texture operation formula or an inverse error moment (IDM). The texture expression calculates one of the texture feature values of each of the three-dimensional stone images, wherein the entropy texture algorithm is defined as E=-Σ _i,j P ( i,j )log P ( i,j ), and The inverse moment (IDM) texture expression is defined as ,among them And i, j is a grayscale pixel value of the image, and the C(i, j) is the number of occurrences of (i, j) under the condition of the combination of the inter-frame distance d and the angle θ between the pixels.

Referring to the fourth figure, the fourth figure shows a graph of using the entropy texture calculation formula to calculate a three-dimensional stone image with different degrees of fragmentation of the stone. It can be observed that the degree of fragmentation of the stone is higher. The texture feature value exhibits a regular rise. When the detection program detects that the texture feature value calculated by the entropy texture expression does not change, the processing unit sends a prompt signal.

Or, as shown in the fifth figure, the fifth figure shows a graph for calculating a three-dimensional stone image having different degrees of fragmentation of the stone by using the inverse moment (IDM) texture calculation formula, and the degree of fragmentation of the stone can be observed in the figure. The higher the texture feature value, the lower the regular value. When the detection program detects that the texture feature value calculated by the inverse error moment (IDM) does not change, the processing unit also issues the prompt signal.

The prompt signal sent by the processing unit indicates that the fragmentation degree of the stone reaches a predetermined preset value of the medical staff, and is used to assist the medical staff to analyze the difference between the three-dimensional stone images in vitro. Furthermore, it serves as an auxiliary reference for determining the stop timing of the shock wave.

Another object of the present invention is a computer program product for installing an application on a computer to cause the computer to perform the above-described method of determining a difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro.

However, the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, that is, simple equivalent changes and modifications according to the scope of the present invention and the description of the invention are It is within the scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

A method for judging the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro is based on a plurality of three-dimensional stone images sequentially obtained from the stone portion in the process of performing the crushing stone on the human body, and performing the following steps outside the human body: A. The processing unit executes an operation program for each of the plurality of three-dimensional stone images in order of acquisition time, and the operation program is respectively an entropy texture operation method or an inverse error (IDM) texture operation method. Calculating one of the texture feature values of each of the three-dimensional stone images, wherein the entropy texture algorithm is defined as E=-Σ _{i, j} P ( i,j )log P ( i,j ), and the inverse moment ( IDM) texture arithmetic is defined as ,among them And i, j is a grayscale pixel value of the image, and the C(i, j) is the number of occurrences of (i, j) under the condition that the interval between the pixels is d and the angle θ; When the entropy texture expression or the texture feature value calculated by the IDM texture algorithm does not substantially change, the processing unit outputs a prompt signal. For example, the method for determining the difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro according to the first aspect of the patent application, wherein each three-dimensional stone image system is constructed by taking a plurality of two-dimensional ultrasonic images, and in each three-dimensional An effective area is selected from the stone image to perform the foregoing operation procedure. A computer program product for installing an application on a computer to perform a method for determining a difference between a plurality of three-dimensional stone images in vitro as described in any one of claims 1 to 2; .