TWI536137B - Voltage regulator circuit - Google Patents
Voltage regulator circuit Download PDFInfo
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- TWI536137B TWI536137B TW103131326A TW103131326A TWI536137B TW I536137 B TWI536137 B TW I536137B TW 103131326 A TW103131326 A TW 103131326A TW 103131326 A TW103131326 A TW 103131326A TW I536137 B TWI536137 B TW I536137B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
- G05F1/575—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices characterised by the feedback circuit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
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Description
本發明是有關於一種穩壓電路，且特別是有關於一種包含多個穩壓器(voltage regulator)的穩壓電路。 The present invention relates to a voltage stabilizing circuit, and more particularly to a voltage stabilizing circuit including a plurality of voltage regulators.
穩壓電路在積體電路中很常見。穩壓電路的特色是能提供穩定的輸出電壓，即使被抽取大電流，也能維持輸出電壓的穩定。 Regulator circuits are common in integrated circuits. The characteristic of the voltage regulator circuit is to provide a stable output voltage, which can maintain the stability of the output voltage even if a large current is drawn.
不過穩壓電路能供應的電流有其極限，若輸出的電流過大，其輸出電壓難免會下降。在輸出的電流過大時，穩壓電路也會有過熱的問題。 However, the current that the regulator circuit can supply has its limit. If the output current is too large, the output voltage will inevitably drop. When the output current is too large, the voltage regulator circuit will also have a problem of overheating.
本發明提供一種穩壓電路，可解決傳統穩壓電路的電流問題與過熱問題。 The invention provides a voltage stabilizing circuit which can solve the current problem and the overheating problem of the conventional voltage stabilizing circuit.
本發明的穩壓電路包括主要穩壓器和至少一個輔助穩壓器。主要穩壓器提供一輸出電壓，並根據輸出電壓與參考電壓調節輸出電壓。輔助穩壓器耦接主要穩壓器，提供輸出電壓，並根 據輸出電壓與參考電壓調節輸出電壓。主要穩壓器和每一個輔助穩壓器都提供相同大小的一個分支電流。穩壓電路的輸出電流包括主要穩壓器和輔助穩壓器提供的分支電流。 The voltage stabilizing circuit of the present invention includes a main regulator and at least one auxiliary regulator. The main regulator provides an output voltage and regulates the output voltage based on the output voltage and the reference voltage. The auxiliary regulator is coupled to the main regulator to provide an output voltage and root The output voltage is adjusted according to the output voltage and the reference voltage. The primary regulator and each of the auxiliary regulators provide a branch current of the same size. The output current of the regulator circuit includes the branch current provided by the main regulator and the auxiliary regulator.
基於上述，本發明的穩壓電路利用一個主要穩壓器和至少一個輔助穩壓器分擔輸出電流，所以能推動高輸出電流的應用，也能分散電流以降低熱產生。 Based on the above, the voltage stabilizing circuit of the present invention utilizes a main regulator and at least one auxiliary regulator to share the output current, so that it can drive high output current applications and disperse current to reduce heat generation.
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉實施例，並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。 The above described features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description.
100、200‧‧‧穩壓電路 100, 200‧‧‧ voltage regulator circuit
111‧‧‧主要穩壓器 111‧‧‧Main regulator
112‧‧‧輔助穩壓器 112‧‧‧Auxiliary regulator
120‧‧‧分壓器 120‧‧ ‧ voltage divider
131、132、13k‧‧‧運算放大器 131, 132, 13k‧‧‧Operational Amplifier
142、14k‧‧‧迴授單元 142, 14k‧‧‧return unit
152、15k‧‧‧互導運算放大器 152, 15k‧‧‧Transconductance operational amplifier
Ib、Ib_2、Ib_k、It、Id、Iout、Is_2、Is_k‧‧‧電流 Ib, Ib_2, Ib_k, It, Id, Iout, Is_2, Is_k‧‧‧ current
MP、MP_2、MP_k‧‧‧電晶體 MP, MP_2, MP_k‧‧‧ transistors
R1、R2、Rs_2、Rs_k‧‧‧電阻 R1, R2, Rs_2, Rs_k‧‧‧ resistors
VCC、Vfb、Vfb_2、Vfb_k、Vg、Vg_2、Vg_k、Vout、VREF‧‧‧電壓 VCC, Vfb, Vfb_2, Vfb_k, Vg, Vg_2, Vg_k, Vout, VREF‧‧‧ voltage
圖1是依照本發明的一實施例的一種穩壓電路的示意圖。 1 is a schematic diagram of a voltage stabilizing circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
圖2是依照本發明的另一實施例的一種穩壓電路的示意圖。 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage stabilizing circuit in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
圖1是依照本發明的一實施例的一種穩壓電路100的示意圖。穩壓電路100可提供穩定的輸出電壓Vout。穩壓電路100包括主要穩壓器111和輔助穩壓器112。輔助穩壓器112耦接主要穩壓器111。主要穩壓器111包括運算放大器(operational amplifier)131、電晶體MP、以及分壓器(voltage divider)120。 1 is a schematic diagram of a voltage stabilizing circuit 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The voltage stabilizing circuit 100 can provide a stable output voltage Vout. The voltage stabilizing circuit 100 includes a main regulator 111 and an auxiliary regulator 112. The auxiliary regulator 112 is coupled to the main regulator 111. The main regulator 111 includes an operational amplifier 131, a transistor MP, and a voltage divider 120.
分壓器120由電阻R1和R2組成。分壓器120可根據輸出電壓Vout提供迴授電壓Vfb。迴授電壓Vfb為輸出電壓Vout的 分壓。運算放大器131的正輸入端(non-inverting input)自分壓器120接收迴授電壓Vfb。運算放大器131的負輸入端(inverting input)接收參考電壓VREF。運算放大器131的輸出端耦接電晶體MP的閘極(gate)。 The voltage divider 120 is composed of resistors R1 and R2. The voltage divider 120 can provide the feedback voltage Vfb according to the output voltage Vout. The feedback voltage Vfb is the output voltage Vout Partial pressure. The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 131 receives the feedback voltage Vfb from the voltage divider 120. The inverting input of the operational amplifier 131 receives the reference voltage VREF. The output of the operational amplifier 131 is coupled to the gate of the transistor MP.
電晶體MP是P通道金氧半場效電晶體(p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor)。電晶體MP耦接於電源電壓VCC與分壓器120之間。電晶體MP是主要穩壓器111的輸出級(output stage)，可提供主要穩壓器111的分支電流Ib。運算放大器131將迴授電壓Vfb與參考電壓VREF之間的誤差放大為電壓Vg，以透過電晶體MP的閘極調節分支電流Ib。分支電流Ib可影響輸出電壓Vout。如果輸出電壓Vout降低，則電壓Vg隨之降低。分支電流Ib隨之增大，可拉高輸出電壓Vout。反之，如果輸出電壓Vout升高，則電壓Vg隨之升高。分支電流Ib隨之減少，可降低輸出電壓Vout。透過上述的迴授機制，主要穩壓器111就能根據輸出電壓Vout與參考電壓VREF調節輸出電壓Vout。 The transistor MP is a p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. The transistor MP is coupled between the power supply voltage VCC and the voltage divider 120. The transistor MP is the output stage of the main regulator 111, which provides the branch current Ib of the main regulator 111. The operational amplifier 131 amplifies the error between the feedback voltage Vfb and the reference voltage VREF to a voltage Vg to pass the branch current Ib of the transistor MP. The branch current Ib can affect the output voltage Vout. If the output voltage Vout decreases, the voltage Vg decreases. The branch current Ib increases, and the output voltage Vout can be pulled high. Conversely, if the output voltage Vout rises, the voltage Vg rises accordingly. The branch current Ib is also reduced, and the output voltage Vout can be lowered. Through the above feedback mechanism, the main regulator 111 can adjust the output voltage Vout according to the output voltage Vout and the reference voltage VREF.
輔助穩壓器112包括運算放大器132、電晶體MP_2、以及迴授單元142。迴授單元142包括電阻Rs_2和互導(transconductance)運算放大器152。互導運算放大器152以虛擬短路(virtual short circuit)耦接電晶體MP的閘極和電晶體MP_2的閘極。電阻Rs_2的一端耦接來自分壓器120的迴授電壓Vfb。電阻Rs_2的另一端耦接互導運算放大器152的輸出端和運算放大器132的負輸入端。電阻Rs_2可調節迴授電壓Vfb，並將調節過後 的迴授電壓Vfb_2提供至運算放大器132的負輸入端。 The auxiliary regulator 112 includes an operational amplifier 132, a transistor MP_2, and a feedback unit 142. The feedback unit 142 includes a resistor Rs_2 and a transconductance operational amplifier 152. The transconductance operational amplifier 152 is coupled to the gate of the transistor MP and the gate of the transistor MP_2 by a virtual short circuit. One end of the resistor Rs_2 is coupled to the feedback voltage Vfb from the voltage divider 120. The other end of the resistor Rs_2 is coupled to the output of the transconductance operational amplifier 152 and the negative input of the operational amplifier 132. The resistor Rs_2 can adjust the feedback voltage Vfb and will adjust The feedback voltage Vfb_2 is supplied to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier 132.
運算放大器132的負輸入端接收電壓Vfb_2。運算放大器132的正輸入端接收參考電壓VREF。運算放大器132的輸出端耦接電晶體MP_2的閘極。電晶體MP_2也是P通道金氧半場效電晶體。電晶體MP_2耦接於電源電壓VCC與分壓器120之間。電晶體MP_2是輔助穩壓器112的輸出級，可提供輔助穩壓器112的分支電流Ib_2。分壓器120、運算放大器132和電晶體MP_2具有和主要穩壓器111相似的迴授機制。因此運算放大器132可根據迴授電壓Vfb與參考電壓VREF調節分支電流Ib_2，分支電流Ib_2能影響輸出電壓Vout，輔助穩壓器112也能根據輸出電壓Vout與參考電壓VREF調節輸出電壓Vout。 The negative input of operational amplifier 132 receives voltage Vfb_2. The positive input of operational amplifier 132 receives a reference voltage VREF. The output of the operational amplifier 132 is coupled to the gate of the transistor MP_2. The transistor MP_2 is also a P-channel gold oxide half field effect transistor. The transistor MP_2 is coupled between the power supply voltage VCC and the voltage divider 120. The transistor MP_2 is an output stage of the auxiliary regulator 112 and provides a branch current Ib_2 of the auxiliary regulator 112. Voltage divider 120, operational amplifier 132, and transistor MP_2 have a feedback mechanism similar to primary regulator 111. Therefore, the operational amplifier 132 can adjust the branch current Ib_2 according to the feedback voltage Vfb and the reference voltage VREF. The branch current Ib_2 can affect the output voltage Vout, and the auxiliary regulator 112 can also adjust the output voltage Vout according to the output voltage Vout and the reference voltage VREF.
主要穩壓器111的分支電流Ib和輔助穩壓器112的分支電流Ib_2匯流成為輸出電流It。電流It的一小部分通過分壓器120而在電晶體MP、MP_2和分壓器120的接點產生輸出電壓Vout。所以輸出電壓Vout是由主要穩壓器111和輔助穩壓器112共同提供。電流It的大部分成為最終的輸出電流Iout。 The branch current Ib of the main regulator 111 and the branch current Ib_2 of the auxiliary regulator 112 merge into an output current It. A small portion of the current It passes through the voltage divider 120 to produce an output voltage Vout at the junction of the transistors MP, MP_2 and the voltage divider 120. Therefore, the output voltage Vout is provided by the main regulator 111 and the auxiliary regulator 112. Most of the current It becomes the final output current Iout.
輔助穩壓器112和主要穩壓器111的主要區別是多出迴授單元142。其中，互導運算放大器152接受電晶體MP的閘極電壓Vg和電晶體MP_2的閘極電壓Vg_2。互導運算放大器152放大電壓Vg和Vg_2的差值，產生電流Is_2。雖然圖1繪示的電流Is_2的方向是流出互導運算放大器152，電流Is_2的方向也可能是流入互導運算放大器152。電流Is_2可用以下公式表示： Is_2=Gm_2*(Vg-Vg_2)，其中Gm_2為互導運算放大器152的增益(gain)。電流Is_2通過電阻Rs_2而產生電壓Vfb_2，所以Vfb_2=Vfb+Is_2*Rs_2。 The main difference between the auxiliary regulator 112 and the primary regulator 111 is the excess feedback unit 142. The transconductance operational amplifier 152 receives the gate voltage Vg of the transistor MP and the gate voltage Vg_2 of the transistor MP_2. The transconductance operational amplifier 152 amplifies the difference between the voltages Vg and Vg_2 to generate a current Is_2. Although the direction of the current Is_2 shown in FIG. 1 is to flow out of the transconductance operational amplifier 152, the direction of the current Is_2 may also flow into the transconductance operational amplifier 152. The current Is_2 can be expressed by the following formula: Is_2=Gm_2*(Vg-Vg_2), where Gm_2 is the gain of the transconductance operational amplifier 152. The current Is_2 generates a voltage Vfb_2 through the resistor Rs_2, so Vfb_2=Vfb+Is_2*Rs_2.
如果電流Is_2的方向是流出互導運算放大器152，則Vfb_2>Vfb，這表示Vg>Vg_2。互導運算放大器152的虛擬短路會將電晶體MP_2的閘極電壓Vg_2往上拉以逼近電晶體MP的閘極電壓Vg。 If the direction of the current Is_2 is to flow out of the transconductance operational amplifier 152, then Vfb_2>Vfb, which means Vg>Vg_2. The virtual short circuit of the transconductance operational amplifier 152 pulls up the gate voltage Vg_2 of the transistor MP_2 to approach the gate voltage Vg of the transistor MP.
反之，如果電流Is_2的方向是流入互導運算放大器152，則Vfb_2<Vfb，這表示Vg<Vg_2。互導運算放大器152的虛擬短路會將電晶體MP_2的閘極電壓Vg_2往下降以逼近電晶體MP的閘極電壓Vg。 On the other hand, if the direction of the current Is_2 is flowing into the transconductance operational amplifier 152, Vfb_2 < Vfb, which means that Vg < Vg_2. The virtual short circuit of the transconductance operational amplifier 152 will lower the gate voltage Vg_2 of the transistor MP_2 to approach the gate voltage Vg of the transistor MP.
如上所述，迴授單元142能箝制電晶體MP和MP_2的閘極電壓，使電晶體MP_2的閘極電壓Vg_2等於電晶體MP的閘極電壓Vg。電晶體MP和MP_2的源極(source)電壓都是VCC。電晶體MP和MP_2的汲極(drain)互相耦接，所以電晶體MP和MP_2的汲極電壓也相等。如果用相同的製程與參數來製造電晶體MP和MP_2，就可以讓輔助穩壓器112的分支電流Ib_2等於主要穩壓器111的分支電流Ib。另外，迴授單元142的迴授迴圈能補償運算放大器131和132之間的特性差異，使輔助穩壓器112的分支電流Ib_2等於主要穩壓器111的分支電流Ib。 As described above, the feedback unit 142 can clamp the gate voltages of the transistors MP and MP_2 such that the gate voltage Vg_2 of the transistor MP_2 is equal to the gate voltage Vg of the transistor MP. The source voltages of the transistors MP and MP_2 are both VCC. The drains of the transistors MP and MP_2 are coupled to each other, so the gate voltages of the transistors MP and MP_2 are also equal. If the transistors MP and MP_2 are fabricated using the same process and parameters, the branch current Ib_2 of the auxiliary regulator 112 can be made equal to the branch current Ib of the main regulator 111. In addition, the feedback loop of the feedback unit 142 can compensate for the characteristic difference between the operational amplifiers 131 and 132 such that the branch current Ib_2 of the auxiliary regulator 112 is equal to the branch current Ib of the main regulator 111.
圖2是依照本發明的另一實施例的一種穩壓電路200的示意圖。在穩壓電路200之中，有多個相同結構的輔助穩壓器 112~11k並聯，k可以是大於二的任意整數。每一個輔助穩壓器112~11k有五個共同的耦接點，分別是分壓器120的電阻R1和R2之間的接點(對應迴授電壓Vfb)、電晶體MP的閘極(對應電壓Vg)、參考電壓VREF、電源電壓VCC、以及電晶體MP和分壓器120之間的接點(對應輸出電壓Vout)。主要穩壓器111提供的分支電流Ib和每一個輔助穩壓器112~11k提供的分支電流Ib_2~Ib_k都有相同大小。分支電流Ib和Ib_2~Ib_k匯流成為輸出電流It。電流It的一小部分通過分壓器120而產生輸出電壓Vout。電流It的大部分成為最終的輸出電流Iout。 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage stabilizing circuit 200 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. In the voltage stabilizing circuit 200, there are a plurality of auxiliary regulators of the same structure 112~11k are connected in parallel, and k can be any integer greater than two. Each of the auxiliary voltage regulators 112~11k has five common coupling points, which are the junction between the resistors R1 and R2 of the voltage divider 120 (corresponding to the feedback voltage Vfb) and the gate of the transistor MP (corresponding to Voltage Vg), reference voltage VREF, power supply voltage VCC, and a junction between transistor MP and voltage divider 120 (corresponding to output voltage Vout). The branch current Ib supplied from the main regulator 111 and the branch currents Ib_2 to Ib_k provided by each of the auxiliary regulators 112 to 11k have the same magnitude. The branch currents Ib and Ib_2 to Ib_k merge into an output current It. A small portion of the current It passes through the voltage divider 120 to produce an output voltage Vout. Most of the current It becomes the final output current Iout.
綜上所述，本發明的穩壓電路包括多個穩壓器，每個穩壓器可提供相同的電流。因此可藉由多個穩壓器共同來推動高輸出電流的應用。或者，也可將多個穩壓器分散配置在積體電路的不同區域來分散電流，以降低熱產生，避免過熱。 In summary, the voltage stabilizing circuit of the present invention includes a plurality of voltage regulators, each of which can provide the same current. Therefore, multiple regulators can be used together to drive high output current applications. Alternatively, multiple regulators can be distributed across different regions of the integrated circuit to dissipate current to reduce heat generation and avoid overheating.
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內，當可作些許的更動與潤飾，故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any one of ordinary skill in the art can make some changes and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
100‧‧‧穩壓電路 100‧‧‧Variable circuit
111‧‧‧主要穩壓器 111‧‧‧Main regulator
112‧‧‧輔助穩壓器 112‧‧‧Auxiliary regulator
120‧‧‧分壓器 120‧‧ ‧ voltage divider
131、132‧‧‧運算放大器 131, 132‧‧‧Operational Amplifier
142‧‧‧迴授單元 142‧‧‧Responsible unit
152‧‧‧互導運算放大器 152‧‧‧Transconductance operational amplifier
Ib、Ib_2、It、Id、Iout、Is_2‧‧‧電流 Ib, Ib_2, It, Id, Iout, Is_2‧‧‧ current
MP、MP_2‧‧‧電晶體 MP, MP_2‧‧‧O crystal
R1、R2、Rs_2‧‧‧電阻 R1, R2, Rs_2‧‧‧ resistance
VCC、Vfb、Vfb_2、Vg、Vg_2、Vout、VREF‧‧‧電壓 VCC, Vfb, Vfb_2, Vg, Vg_2, Vout, VREF‧‧‧ voltage
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW103131326A TWI536137B (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | Voltage regulator circuit |
| CN201410561928.7A CN105589500B (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-10-21 | Voltage stabilizing circuit |
| US14/542,681 US9342087B2 (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-11-17 | Voltage regulator circuit |
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|---|---|---|---|
| TW103131326A TWI536137B (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | Voltage regulator circuit |
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| TW201610635A TW201610635A (en) | 2016-03-16 |
| TWI536137B true TWI536137B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
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| CN (1) | CN105589500B (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9659602B2 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2017-05-23 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Voltage control integrated circuit devices |
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2014
- 2014-09-11 TW TW103131326A patent/TWI536137B/en active
- 2014-10-21 CN CN201410561928.7A patent/CN105589500B/en active Active
- 2014-11-17 US US14/542,681 patent/US9342087B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105589500A (en) | 2016-05-18 |
| US20160077535A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
| CN105589500B (en) | 2017-03-01 |
| US9342087B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 |
| TW201610635A (en) | 2016-03-16 |
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