TWI532714B - Polymerisable compounds and the use thereof in liquid-crystal displays - Google Patents

Description

Polymerizable compound and its use in liquid crystal display

The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, methods and intermediates therefor, and their use in optical, electro-optic and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid crystal (LC) media and LC displays, especially Use in PS ("polymer continuous") or PSA ("polymer continuous alignment") type LC displays.

The liquid crystal display (LC display) currently used is usually a TN ("twisted nematic") type liquid crystal display. However, such displays have the disadvantage of strong contrast versus viewing angle dependence. Additionally, so-called VA ("Vertical Alignment") displays are known in the art that have a wider viewing angle. The LC cell of the VA display contains an LC dielectric layer between two transparent electrodes, wherein the LC dielectric typically has a negative dielectric (DC) anisotropy value. In the off state, the molecules of the LC layer are aligned perpendicular to the electrode surface (vertically) or have an oblique vertical alignment. When a voltage is applied to the two electrodes, the LC molecules are realigned parallel to the surface of the electrodes.

In addition, OCB ("Optical Compensated Bending") displays are known which are based on birefringence effects and contain an LC layer having a so-called "bend" alignment and typically a positive (DC) anisotropy value. Upon application of a voltage, the LC molecules are realigned perpendicular to the surface of the electrode. Additionally, OCB displays typically contain one or more birefringent retarding films to prevent undesired light transmission when the bending unit is in a dark state. Compared to TN displays, OCB displays have a wider viewing angle and shorter response times.

So-called IPS ("In-Plane Switching") displays are also known which have an LC layer between two substrates, wherein the two electrodes are arranged on only one of the two substrates and preferably have an intersection Comb structure. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, an electric field that is significant parallel to the components of the LC layer is thereby generated therebetween. This causes the LC molecules to realign in the plane of the layer.

In addition, so-called FFS ("Fringe Field Switching") displays have been proposed (see, in particular, J J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, No. 3, 2004, 1028 by SH Jung et al.), which is also included in Two electrodes on the same substrate, but compared to an IPS display, only one of the electrodes is in the form of a structured (in a comb-like) electrode, and the other electrode is unstructured. Thereby, a strong so-called "fringe field", that is, a strong electric field close to the edge of the electrode and penetrating the cell, has an electric field of both a strong vertical component and a strong horizontal component. Both IPS displays and FFS displays have low contrast ratio viewing angle dependence.

In state of the art VA displays, uniform alignment of LC molecules is defined by a plurality of relatively small domains within the LC cell. There may be disclination between these domains (also known as tilted domains). Compared to conventional VA displays, VA displays with tilted domains have larger contrast than non-viewing angle dependence and gray shaded shadows. In addition, this type of display is easier to manufacture because no additional processing (e.g., by rubbing) the electrode surface is required to evenly align the molecules in the on state. Instead, the preferred direction of the tilt or pretilt angle is controlled by the special design of the electrodes.

In so-called MVA ("Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment") displays, this is typically achieved by electrodes having protrusions that create local pre-tilt. Thus, upon application of a voltage, the LC molecules are aligned parallel to the electrode surface in different directions in different defined regions of the cell. This achieves a "controlled" switch and prevents the formation of disturbing disclination lines. Although this arrangement improves the viewing angle of the display, it also reduces its light transmission.

Further development of MVA uses protrusions only on one electrode side, and the opposite electrode has slits, which improves light transmittance. When a voltage is applied, the slot electrode produces a non-uniform electric field in the LC cell, which means that a controlled switching is still achieved. In order to further improve the light transmittance, the interval between the slit and the protrusion can be increased, but this further increases the response time.

In the so-called PVA (patterned VA), the protrusions appear to be completely redundant, since both electrodes are structured by the slits on the opposite sides, which can increase the contrast ratio and improve the light transmittance, but it is technically difficult. Realize and make the display more sensitive to mechanical influences ("tap", etc.). However, for many applications (eg, monitors and especially TV screens), it is desirable to reduce the response time of the display and improve the contrast ratio and brightness (transmittance).

Further developers are the so-called PS (Polymer Continuous) or PSA (Polymer Aligned) displays, which also occasionally use the term "polymer stabilization." In such displays, a small amount (eg, 0.3% by weight, typically <1% by weight) of one or more polymerizable compounds is added to the LC medium, and after introduction of the LC unit, typically by UV photopolymerization between the electrodes It is polymerized or crosslinked in situ when a voltage is applied or not applied. It has proved to be particularly preferable to add a polymerizable liquid crystal or a liquid crystal compound (also referred to as "reactive liquid crystal" or "RM") to the LC mixture.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term "PSA" is used hereinafter to denote a PS display and a PSA display.

At the same time, the PS (A) principle has been used in different classic LC displays. Thus, for example, PSA-VA, PSA-OCB, PSA-IPS, PSA-FFS, and PSA-TN displays are known. In the case of PSA-VA and PSA-OCB displays, the (or equivalent) polymerizable compound preferably polymerizes when a voltage is applied and in the case of a PSA-IPS display with or without a voltage applied. As can be confirmed in the test unit, the PS(A) method produces a pretilt in the unit. In the case of a PSA-OCB display, for example, the curved structure can be stabilized such that no compensation voltage is required or the compensation voltage can be lowered. In the case of a PSA-VA display, this pre-tilt has a positive effect on response time. For PSA-VA displays, standard MVA or PVA pixel and electrode layouts can be used. However, in addition, for example, it is also possible to control only one structured electrode side and without protrusions, which can significantly simplify the manufacturing and at the same time produce an excellent contrast ratio while producing excellent light transmittance.

In addition, so-called positive VA displays have proven to be a particularly advantageous embodiment. As in the case of a classic VA display, the initial alignment of the liquid crystal in the no-voltage start state is now vertical, i.e., substantially perpendicular to the substrate. However, unlike classic VA displays, positive VA displays use positive dielectric LC media. The LC molecules are converted to an alignment substantially parallel to the substrate by applying a voltage to the interdigitated electrodes that create a field substantially parallel to the LC dielectric layer. This type of interdigitated electrode is also commonly used in IPS displays. Corresponding polymer stability (PSA) has also proven to be advantageous under positive VA displays, such that a significant reduction in response time can be achieved.

The PSA-VA display is described in, for example, JP 10-036847 A, EP 1 170 626 A2, US 6,861,107, US 7,169,449, US 2004/0191428 A1, US 2006/0066793 A1, and US 2006/0103804 A1. PSA-OCB displays are described, for example, in T.-J-Chen et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 2006, 2702-2704 and SH Kim, L.-C-Chien, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 2004, 7643-7647. PSA-IPS displays are described, for example, in US 6,177,972 and Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75(21), 3264. PSA-TN displays are described, for example, in Optics Express 2004, 12(7), 1221.

Like the conventional LC display described above, the PSA display can operate in the form of an active matrix or passive matrix display. In the case of active matrix displays, individual pixels are typically addressed by integrated nonlinear active components such as transistors (eg, thin film transistors ("TFTs"), while in the case of passive matrix displays, individual pixels are typically borrowed. Addressed by a multiplex method, both of which are known from prior art.

In particular, for monitors and especially for TV applications, there is a constant demand to optimize the response time and contrast ratio and brightness (and therefore also transmittance) of LC displays. Here, the PSA approach provides a crucial advantage. Specifically, in the case of PSA-VA, PSA-IPS, PSA-FFS, and PSA-positive-VA displays, the response time can be shortened without significant adverse effects on other parameters, which is measurable in the test unit. Pretilt related.

In the prior art, a compound can be polymerized using, for example, the following formula:

Wherein P represents a polymerizable group, typically an acrylate or methacrylate group, as described, for example, in US 7,169,449.

However, the problem is that not all combinations of LC mixtures (hereinafter also referred to as "LC host mixtures") + polymerizable components (usually RM) are suitable for PSA displays, for example because Tilting is sufficiently tilted or not established at all or because the so-called "voltage holding ratio" (VHR or HR) is insufficient for TFT display applications. In addition, it has been found that LC mixtures and RMs known from the prior art still have some disadvantages when used in PSA displays. Therefore, not every RM known to be soluble in the LC mixture is suitable for PSA displays. In addition, in addition to directly measuring the pre-tilt in a PSA display, it is often difficult to find a selection criterion suitable for RM. If it is desired to carry out the polymerization by means of UV light without the addition of a photoinitiator, which may be advantageous for certain applications, the choice of a suitable RM becomes even smaller.

In addition, the combination of selected LC host mixtures/RM should have the lowest possible rotational viscosity and the best possible electrical properties. In particular, it should have the highest possible VHR. In PSA displays, high VHR is particularly desirable after exposure to UV light, as UV exposure is an essential part of the display manufacturing process, but also during the final display operation. Normal exposure takes place.

In particular, the industry desires novel materials that can be used for PSA displays that can produce particularly small pretilt angles. Preferred materials here produce a lower pretilt angle during polymerization during the same exposure time than previously known materials and/or can be used after a shorter exposure time during use. Materials with a (higher) pretilt angle achieved by the material are known. Therefore, the manufacturing time of the display ("one-piece work time") can be shortened and the cost of the manufacturing process can be reduced.

A further problem in the manufacture of PSA displays is the presence or removal of residual amounts of unpolymerized RM, in particular, after the polymerization step used to create the pretilt angle of the display. For example, unreacted such RMs after completion of the display can adversely affect the properties of the display during operation by, for example, polymerization in an uncontrolled manner.

Therefore, PSA displays known from prior art exhibit undesired effects of so-called "image sticking" or "after-image", that is, images produced by temporary addressing of individual pixels in an LC display, even if the pixels are turned off. The electric field is still visible after the address has been addressed to other pixels.

This "image sticking" can occur if one uses an LC host mixture with a low VHR. The UV component of daylight or backlight can cause undesirable decomposition reactions of the LC molecules therein and thus the generation of starting or free radical impurities. In particular, the impurities can accumulate at the electrode or alignment layer, where it can reduce the effective applied voltage. This effect can also be observed in conventional LC displays without polymer components.

In addition, additional "image sticking" effects due to the presence of unpolymerized RM are typically observed in PSA displays. The uncontrolled polymerization of the residual RM is here initiated by UV light from the environment or by the backlight. In the switching display area, this can change the tilt angle after multiple addressing cycles. Therefore, the transmittance in the switching region can be changed, and the transmittance in the unswitched region remains unchanged.

Therefore, it is desirable that during the manufacture of the PSA display, the polymerization of the RM proceeds as completely as possible and the presence or absence of unpolymerized RM is excluded as much as possible in the display. To this end, there is a need for materials that are highly efficient and complete in polymerization. Additionally, such residual amounts of controlled reaction will be desirable. This would be simpler if the RM was polymerized more quickly and efficiently than the materials known to date.

Accordingly, there is still a great need for PSA displays (specifically, VA and OCB type displays) and LC media and polymerizable compounds for such displays that do not exhibit the above disadvantages or have only a few of the above disadvantages and have improved characteristics. In addition, there is a great need for PSA displays and materials for use in PSA displays, which have advantageous properties, in particular, high specific resistance can be achieved while having a large operating temperature range, short response times can be achieved even at low temperatures, and low thresholds are achieved. Voltage, low pre-tilt angle, multiple shades of gray, high contrast ratio, and wide viewing angle, and have a high voltage hold ratio (VHR) value and low temperature stability (also known as "LTS") value after UV exposure, ie The stability of the LC mixture spontaneously crystallized from individual components.

The present invention is based on the object of providing novel suitable materials for use in PSA displays, in particular RM and LC media comprising such materials, which do not have the above disadvantages or have only a few of the above disadvantages, polymerize as quickly and completely as possible, It is possible to establish a low pretilt angle as quickly as possible, reduce or prevent the occurrence of "image sticking" in the display, and preferably achieve extremely high specific resistance values, low threshold voltages, and short response times. In addition, the LC medium should have favorable LC phase properties and high VHR and LTS values.

A further object of the invention is to provide novel RMs which are particularly suitable for use in optical, electro-optical and electronic applications, and suitable methods and intermediates for their preparation.

In particular, the present invention is based on the object of providing a polymerizable compound which produces a greater maximum pretilt after photopolymerization, thereby achieving a desired tilt more quickly and thus significantly reducing the time required to manufacture an LC display.

This object has been achieved in accordance with the present invention by providing materials, methods and LC displays as described in this application. In particular, it has been surprisingly found that some or all of the above objects can be achieved by providing a PSA display comprising one or more polymeric compounds of the invention, or using one or more polymerizable compounds of the invention. LC media for the manufacture of this type of PSA display.

The use of this type of polymerizable compound in the LC media and PSA displays of the present invention can achieve the desired pretilt particularly quickly and significantly reduce display manufacturing time. This has been demonstrated in conjunction with LC media by exposure time dependent pre-tilt measurements in a VA tilt measurement unit. In particular, pretilt can be achieved without the addition of a photoinitiator.

Since the polymerizable compounds of the present invention exhibit significantly faster polymerization rates in PSA displays, less unreacted residuals remain in the LC cells, thereby improving their electro-optical properties and simplifying the controlled reaction of such residual amounts. .

JP 2000-281629 A describes a rod-shaped polymerizable compound of the formula and a cholesterol polymer film from which it is used as a reflective polarizer.

WO 2008/121585 A1 describes the use of monomers as monomers to compensate for the 1-vinyl oxime of the formula below.

However, the use of such compounds for producing a pretilt angle in a PSA display is neither described in JP 2000-281629 A or WO 2008/121585 and is not apparent from this.

The use of the polymerizable compounds of the present invention to rapidly establish tilt angles by in-situ polymerization in an electric field in a PSA display is also not described in the prior art and is not apparent from the prior art.

In addition, it has been completely surprisingly found that the polymerizable compounds of the invention exhibit significantly faster tilt angles and are faster and more complete when used in PSA displays than in polymerizable compounds known from the prior art. Aggregation. This has been confirmed by direct comparison experiments. This result is neither described in the prior art nor is it obvious.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I (hereinafter also referred to as "the polymerizable compound of the invention")

Wherein individual groups have the following meanings: W ¹ and W ² each independently represent -CY ₂ CY ₂ -, -CY=CY-, -CY ₂ -O-, -O-CY ₂ -, -C(O) -O-, -OC(O)-, -C(R ^c R ^d )-, -O-, -S-, -NR ^e -, Y represent H or F, R, the same or different at each occurrence ^a and R ^b each independently represent P-Sp-, H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ₂ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, SF ₅ , having 1 to 25 a straight or branched alkyl group of a C atom, in which one or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may each independently extend an aryl group, such that the O and/or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, -C(R ⁰ )=C(R ⁰⁰ )-, -C≡C-, -N(R ⁰ )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO -, -O-CO-O- is substituted, and additionally, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or P-Sp-; or preferably have 2 to 25 C atoms Aryl or heteroaryl, the aryl or heteroaryl may also contain two or more fused rings and it may optionally be substituted by L or L.

Wherein at least one of the groups R ^a and R ^b represents or contains a group P-Sp-, and R ^c , R ^d , R ^e each independently represent H or a straight chain having 1 to 12 C atoms or Branched alkyl, P represents the polymerizable group identically or differently at each occurrence, and Sp represents the spacer group or single bond identically or differently at each occurrence, and A ¹ and A ² each independently represent each other. An aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group having 4 to 25 C atoms, which may also contain a fused ring which is optionally substituted by L or L, which is the same at each occurrence or Differently denotes P-Sp-, OH, CH ₂ OH, halogen, -CN, -NO ₂ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R ^x ) ₂ , -C (=O)Y ¹ , -C(=O)R ^x , -N(R ^x ) ₂ , optionally substituted isnzinyl or optionally substituted carbon or hydrocarbyl, R ^x represents P-Sp- , H, halogen, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 12, C atoms, in addition, one or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, Further, one or more H atoms may be F, Cl or P-Sp- Alternatively, Y ¹ represents a halogen, Z ^1, Z ² are each independently -O -, - S -, - CO -, - CO -O-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -SCH ₂ -, -CH ₂ S-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF ₂ -, - CF ₂ S-, -SCF ₂ -, -(CH ₂ ) _n -, -CF ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CF ₂ -, -(CF ₂ ) _n -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF -, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -COO-, -OCO-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -, -C(R ⁰ R ⁰⁰ )-, -C(R ^y R ^z )- or a single bond, R ⁰ , R ⁰⁰ are each independently of each other and represent H differently or differently at each occurrence Or H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, and R ^y , R ^z each independently represent H, F, CH ₃ or CF ₃ , and n represents 1, 2, 3 identically or differently each time it occurs. Or 4, p, q each independently represent 0, 1 or 2, r represents 0, 1 or 2 identically or differently at each occurrence, and the compounds are used in liquid crystal (LC) media and PS or PSA ( The polymer is continuously aligned in a type LC display.

The invention further relates to an LC medium comprising one or more compounds of the formula I and one or more additional compounds, which may also be liquid crystals, liquid crystals and/or polymerizable polymers.

The invention further relates to an LC medium comprising a polymer obtainable by polymerizing one or more compounds of the formula I and one or more additional compounds, which may also be liquid crystals, liquid crystals and/or polymerizable polymers.

The invention further relates to an LC medium comprising:

a polymerizable component A) comprising one or more compounds of the formula I, and

Liquid crystal component B), hereinafter also referred to as "LC host mixture", comprising one or more (preferably two or more) low molecular weight (monomer or non-polymerizable) compounds as described above and below.

The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of an LC medium as described above and below, wherein one or more of the low molecular weight liquid crystal compounds or LC host mixtures described above and below are combined with one or more compounds of the formula I, and optionally Other liquid crystal compounds and/or additives are mixed.

The invention further relates to the use of the compounds of the formula I according to the invention and LC media in PS and PSA displays, in particular in PS and PSA displays containing LC media, which are preferably applied in a PSA display by means of an applied electric field or The magnetic field in situ polymerizes the compound of formula I to produce a tilt angle in the LC medium.

The invention further relates to an LC display comprising one or more compounds of the formula I or LC medium of the invention, in particular a PS or PSA display, particularly preferably PSA-VA, PSA-OCB, PSA-IPS, PSA-FFS , PSA-VA or PSA-positive-TN display.

The present invention further relates to a PS type or PSA type LC display comprising an LC cell having two substrates and two electrodes (at least one of which is transparent and at least one of which has one or two electrodes) and is located on the substrate An LC dielectric layer comprising a polymeric component and a low molecular weight component, wherein the polymeric component is capable of causing one or more polymerizable compounds between the substrates of the LC cell in the LC medium by preferably applying a voltage to the electrodes Polymerization is obtained in which at least one of the polymerizable compounds is a compound of formula I.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of an LC display as described above and below, wherein an LC medium comprising one or more of the low molecular weight liquid crystal compounds or LC host mixtures described above and below and one or more compounds of the formula I is introduced In the LC cells of the two substrates and the two electrodes described above and below, and preferably by applying a voltage to the electrodes, the polymerizable compound is polymerized.

The PS and PSA displays of the present invention have two electrodes, preferably in the form of transparent layers, which are applied to one or both of the substrates forming the LC cells. Applying any of the electrodes in each case to each of the two substrates, such as, for example, in a PSA-VA, PSA-OCB or PSA-TN display of the present invention, or applying two electrodes to two Only one of the substrates, while the other substrate is electrodeless, such as, for example, in the PSA-positive-VA, PSA-IPS or PSA-FFS displays of the present invention.

The invention further relates to novel compounds of formula I, novel methods for preparing the same, and novel intermediates used or obtained in such methods.

The following meanings apply to the above and below:

The terms "tilt" and "tilt angle" are the oblique alignment of the LC molecules of the LC medium relative to the cell surface in the LC display (here preferably a PS or PSA display). The tilt angle here means the average angle (<90°) between the molecular longitudinal axis of the LC molecule (LC director) and the surface of the planar parallel outer plate constituting the LC cell. A low tilt angle (ie, an angle that is greater than a 90° angle) corresponds to a large tilt. Suitable methods for measuring the tilt angle are given in the examples. The tilt angle values disclosed above and below are related to this measurement method unless otherwise indicated.

The term "liquid crystal radical" is well known to those skilled in the art and is described in the literature, and indicates that the anisotropy due to its attraction and repulsive interaction substantially contributes to the production of liquid crystals in low molecular weight or polymeric species ( LC) The group of the phase. The compound containing a liquid crystal original group (liquid crystal original compound) does not necessarily have to have an LC phase per se. The liquid crystal original compound may also exhibit LC phase characteristics only after mixing with other compounds and/or after polymerization. Typical liquid crystal primary groups are, for example, rigid rod or dish shaped units. For terms and definitions used in combination with liquid crystal or LC compounds, see Pure Appl. Chem. 73(5), 888 (2001) and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340- 6368.

The term "spacer group" (also referred to hereinafter as "Sp") is known to those skilled in the art and is described in the literature, for example, see Pure Appl. Chem. 73(5), 888 (2001). And C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368. Unless otherwise indicated, the above and the following terms "spacer group or spacer" mean a flexible group in which a liquid crystal primary group and a polymerizable group are bonded to each other in a polymerizable liquid crystal original compound.

The term "reactive mesogen" or "RM" means a compound containing a liquid crystal original group and one or more functional groups (also referred to as polymerizable groups or groups P) suitable for polymerization.

The terms "low molecular weight compound" and "non-polymerizable compound" mean a compound (usually a monomeric state) which does not contain a functional group suitable for polymerization under the usual conditions known to those skilled in the art, especially under the conditions of RM polymerization. ).

The term "organic group" means a carbon group or a hydrocarbon group.

The term "carbon-based" means a monovalent or polyvalent organic radical containing at least one carbon atom, preferably from 1 to 40 C atoms, wherein it is free of other atoms (eg, -C≡C-) or optionally contains one or A plurality of other atoms (eg, N, O, S, P, Si, Se, As, Te, or Ge) (eg, carbonyl, etc.). The term "hydrocarbyl" denotes a carbon radical that additionally contains one or more H atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms (eg, N, O, S, P, Si, Se, As, Te, or Ge).

"Halogen" means F, Cl, Br or I.

The carbyl or hydrocarbyl group can be a saturated or unsaturated group. The unsaturated group is, for example, an aryl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group. The carbon group or hydrocarbon group having 3 or more C atoms may be linear, branched, and/or cyclic and may have a spiro or fused ring.

The terms "alkyl", "aryl", "heteroaryl" and the like also include polyvalent groups such as alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and the like.

The term "aryl" means an aromatic carbon group or a group derived therefrom. The term "heteroaryl" means an "aryl" group as defined above containing one or more heteroatoms.

Preferred carbon and hydrocarbyl groups are optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl groups having from 1 to 40, preferably from 1 to 25, particularly preferably from 1 to 18, C atoms. , alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy and alkoxycarbonyloxy; optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy having 6 to 40, preferably 6 to 25, C atoms; Optionally substituted alkyl aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryloxy, arylalkyloxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy to 40, preferably 6 to 25, C atoms Carbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy and aryloxycarbonyloxy.

More preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are C ₁ -C ₄₀ alkyl, C ₂ -C ₄₀ alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₄₀ alkynyl, C ₃ -C ₄₀ allyl, C ₄ -C ₄₀ alkyldiene , C ₄ -C ₄₀ polyalkenyl, C ₆ -C ₄₀ aryl, C ₆ -C ₄₀ alkylaryl, C ₆ -C ₄₀ arylalkyl, C ₆ -C ₄₀ alkylaryloxy C ₆ -C ₄₀ arylalkyloxy, C ₂ -C ₄₀ heteroaryl, C ₄ -C ₄₀ cycloalkyl, C ₄ -C ₄₀ cycloalkenyl and the like. Particularly preferred are C ₁ -C ₂₂ alkyl, C ₂ -C ₂₂ alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₂₂ alkynyl, C ₃ -C ₂₂ allyl, C ₄ -C ₂₂ alkyldienyl, C ₆ -C ₁₂ aryl, C ₆ -C ₂₀ arylalkyl and C ₂ -C ₂₀ heteroaryl.

Further preferred carbon- and hydrocarbyl groups are linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups having from 1 to 40, preferably from 1 to 25, C atoms which are unsubstituted or substituted by F, Cl, Br, I or The CN is mono- or polysubstituted, and one or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be such that the O and/or S atoms are not directly connected to each other independently of each other by -C(R ^x )=C(R ^x ) -, -C≡C-, -N(R ^x )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-.

R ^x preferably denotes H, halogen, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms (in addition, one or more of the non-adjacent C atoms may pass through -O-, -S -, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, in addition, one or more of the H atoms may be replaced by fluorine), or have 6 to 40 C An optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 40 C atoms.

Preferred alkoxy is, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, second butoxy , third butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, n-heptyloxy, n-octyloxy, n-decyloxy, n-decyloxy, n-undecyloxy Base, n-dodecyloxy and the like.

Preferred alkyl groups are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl , second amyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, n-decyl, n-decyl, n-undecane Base, n-dodecyl, dodecyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoro-n-butyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorohexyl, and the like.

Preferred alkenyl groups are, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclo Octenyl and the like.

Preferred alkynyl groups are, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, octynyl and the like.

Preferred alkoxy is, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, second butoxy , third butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, n-heptyloxy, n-octyloxy, n-decyloxy, n-decyloxy, n-undecyloxy Base, n-dodecyloxy and the like.

Preferred amine groups are, for example, dimethylamino, methylamino, methylphenylamino, phenylamino and the like.

The aryl and heteroaryl groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic, that is, they may contain one ring (eg, phenyl) or two or more rings, which may also be fused (eg, naphthyl) or co- A valence bond (eg, a biphenyl group), or a combination of a fused and a linking ring. The heteroaryl group contains one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from the group consisting of O, N, S and Se.

Particularly preferred are monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aryl groups having 6 to 25 C atoms, and monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic heteroaryl groups having 2 to 25 C atoms, optionally containing condensed The ring is replaced as appropriate. Further, preferred are 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl and heteroaryl groups, and in addition, one or more CH groups may be N, S in such a manner that O atoms and/or S atoms are not directly connected to each other. Or O instead.

Preferred aryl is, for example, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, [1,1':3',1"]triphenyl-2'-yl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, binaphthyl , phenanthryl, fluorenyl, dihydroindenyl, A group, a fluorenyl group, a tetraphenylene group, a pentacyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a fluorenyl group, an indenyl group, a spirobifluorenyl group, and the like.

Preferred heteroaryl is, for example, a 5-membered ring such as pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, furan, thiophene, selenophene, Oxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1 , 3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole; - Member rings, such as pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4,5- Tetrazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, 1,2,3,5-tetrazine; or a condensed group such as anthracene, isoindole, pyridazine, oxazole, benzimidazole, benzene And triazole, anthracene, naphthimidazole, phenamimidazole, pyridoimidazole, pyrazinoimidazole, quinoxalinimidazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, anthraquinone, phenanthroxazole, different Oxazole, benzothiazole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, quinoline, isoquinoline, pteridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline , benzo-7,8-quinoline, benzisoquinoline, acridine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, benzoxazine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, phenazine, naphthalene , azacarbazole, benzoporphyrin, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, thieno[2,3b]thiophene, thieno[3,2b]thiophene, dithienothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, Benzothiadiazolothiophene, or a combination of such groups. Heteroaryl groups can also be substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, fluoro, fluoroalkyl or other aryl or heteroaryl groups.

(Non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups include saturated rings (ie, those which contain only a single bond) and partially unsaturated rings (ie, they may also contain multiple bonds). The heterocycle contains one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, O, N, S and Se.

The (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups may be monocyclic (ie, containing only one ring (eg, cyclohexane)) or polycyclic (ie, containing a plurality of rings (eg, decalin or bicyclic) Octane)). Particularly preferred are saturated groups. Further, preferred are monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic groups having 3 to 25 C atoms, which optionally contain a fused ring and are optionally substituted. Further, preferred are 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered carbocyclic groups, in addition, one or more C atoms may be replaced by Si and/or one or more CH groups may be replaced by N. And/or one or more non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be replaced by -O- and/or -S-.

Preferred alicyclic and heterocyclic groups are, for example, 5-membered groups such as cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, pyrrolidine; 6-member groups such as cyclohexane, sinane (silinane) , cyclohexene, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, hexahydropyridine; 7-member group, such as cycloheptane; and fused a group such as tetralin, decalin, indoline, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, Spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, octahydro-4,7-methyleneindoline-2,5-diyl.

Preferred substituents are, for example, groups which promote dissolution (for example alkyl or alkoxy groups), electron withdrawing groups (for example fluorine, nitro or nitriles), or for increasing the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Substituents for (Tg), especially bulky groups (for example, a tertiary butyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group).

Preferred substituents (also referred to above as "L") are, for example, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, -CN, -NO ₂ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R ^x ) ₂ , -C(=O)Y ¹ , -C(=O)R ^x , -C(=O)OR ^x , -N(R ^x ) ₂ , where R ^x has the meaning indicated above, and Y ¹ represents halogen, and optionally substituted methylidene, optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl having 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 20, C atoms And a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 1 to 25 C atoms , wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl as appropriate.

"Substituted carboxyalkyl or aryl" preferably means halogen, -CN, R ⁰ , -OR ⁰ , -CO-R ⁰ , -CO-OR ⁰ , -O-CO-R ⁰ or -O. -CO-OR ⁰ substitution, wherein R ⁰ has the meaning indicated above.

Particularly preferred substituents L are, for example, F, Cl, CN, NO ₂ , CH ₃ , C ₂ H ₅ , OCH ₃ , OC ₂ H ₅ , COCH ₃ , COC ₂ H ₅ , COOCH ₃ , COOC ₂ H ₅ , CF ₃ , OCF ₃ , OCHF ₂ , OC ₂ F ₅ , in addition to phenyl.

Preferred , where L has one of the meanings indicated above.

The polymerizable group P is suitable for a polymerization reaction (for example, radical or ionic chain polymerization, addition polymerization or polycondensation) or a group suitable for a similar reaction of a polymer (for example, addition or condensation to a main polymer chain). Particularly preferred are groups for chain polymerization (especially those containing a C=C double bond or a C≡C triple bond) and groups suitable for ring opening polymerization (for example, propylene oxide or epoxy groups). .

Preferred groups P are selected from the group consisting of CH ₂ =CW ¹ -CO-O-, CH ₂ =CW ¹ -CO-,

, CH ₂ =CW ² -(O) _k3 -, CW ¹ =CH-CO-(O) _k3 -, CW ¹ =CH-CO-NH-, CH ₂ =CW ¹ -CO-NH-,CH ₃ - CH=CH-O-, (CH ₂ =CH) ₂ CH-OCO-, (CH ₂ =CH-CH ₂ ) ₂ CH-OCO-, (CH ₂ =CH) ₂ CH-O-, (CH ₂ = CH-CH ₂ ) ₂ N-, (CH ₂ =CH-CH ₂ ) ₂ N-CO-, HO-CW ² W ³ -, HS-CW ² W ³ -, HW ² N-, HO-CW ² W ³ -NH-, CH ₂ =CW ¹ -CO-NH-,CH ₂ =CH-(COO) _k1 -Phe-(O) _k2 -,CH ₂ =CH-(CO) _k1 -Phe-(O) _k2 -, Phe-CH=CH-, HOOC-, OCN- and W ⁴ W ⁵ W ⁶ Si-, wherein W ¹ represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF ₃ , phenyl or has 1 to 5 C atoms An alkyl group (especially H, F, Cl or CH ₃ ), each of W ² and W ³ independently representing H or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms (especially H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl) And W ⁴ , W ⁵ and W ⁶ each independently represent Cl, an oxaalkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms or an oxacarbonylalkyl group, and W ⁷ and W ⁸ each independently represent H, Cl Or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe represents a 1,4-phenylene group (which is optionally substituted by one or more groups L other than P-Sp- as defined above), and k ₁ , k ₂ and k ₃ are each independently of one another, denote 0 or 1, k ₃ more It represents 1, and k ₄ represent 1-10.

The group P is selected from the group consisting of CH ₂ =CW ¹ -CO-O-, CH ₂ =CW ¹ -CO-, , CH ₂ =CW ² -O-, CW ₁ =CH-CO-(O) _k3 -, CW ¹ =CH-CO-NH-, CH ₂ =CW ¹ -CO-NH-, (CH ₂ =CH) ₂ CH-OCO-, (CH ₂ =CH-CH ₂ ) ₂ CH-OCO-, (CH ₂ =CH) ₂ CH-O-, (CH ₂ =CH-CH ₂ ) ₂ N-, (CH ₂ = CH-CH ₂ ) ₂ N-CO-, CH ₂ = CW ¹ -CO-NH-, CH ₂ =CH-(COO) _k1 -Phe-(O) _k2 -, CH ₂ =CH-(CO) _k1 - Phe-(O) _k2 -, Phe-CH=CH- and W ⁴ W ⁵ W ⁶ Si-, wherein W ¹ represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF ₃ , phenyl or has 1 to 5 C atoms An alkyl group (especially H, F, Cl or CH ₃ ), each of W ² and W ³ independently representing H or an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms (especially H, methyl , ethyl or n-propyl), W ⁴ , W ⁵ and W ⁶ each independently represent Cl, an oxaalkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms or an oxacarbonylalkyl group, and W ⁷ and W ⁸ are each mutually H, Cl or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe represents a 1,4-phenylene group, and k ₁ , k ₂ and k ₃ each independently represent 0 or 1, and k _{3 is} preferably represented 1, and k ₄ represents an integer from 1 to 10.

The excellent group P is selected from the group consisting of CH ₂ =CW ¹ -CO-O-, especially CH ₂ =CH-CO-O-, CH ₂ =C(CH ₃ )-CO-O- and CH ₂ =CF-CO-O-, further CH ₂ =CH-O-, (CH ₂ =CH) ₂ CH-O-CO-, (CH ₂ =CH) ₂ CH-O-,

Other excellent groups P ^{a,b are} selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, propylene oxide, 3-ethyl propylene oxide and rings An oxygen group, and particularly preferably an acrylate or methacrylate group.

Preferably, the spacer group Sp is selected from the formula of Sp"-X" such that the group "P-Sp-" conforms to the formula "P-Sp"-X"-", wherein Sp" represents 1 to 20, preferably An alkyl group of 1 to 12 C atoms, which is optionally substituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and additionally, one or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be O and/or The S atoms are not directly connected to each other in a manner independent of each other by -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(R ⁰ )-, -Si(R ⁰⁰ R ⁰⁰⁰ )-, -CO-, -CO- O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -N(R ⁰⁰ )-CO-O-, -O-CO-N (R ⁰⁰ )-, -N(R ⁰⁰ )-CO-N(R ⁰⁰ )-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C- instead, X" represents -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO- O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N(R ⁰⁰ )-, -N(R ⁰⁰ )-CO-, -N(R ⁰⁰ )-CO-N(R ⁰⁰ )-, -OCH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -SCH ₂ -, -CH ₂ S-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF ₂ -, -CF ₂ S-, -SCF ₂ -, -CF ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CF ₂ -, -CF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR ⁰ -, -CY ² =CY ³ - , -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH- or a single bond, R ⁰⁰ and R ⁰⁰⁰ each independently represent H or have 1 to 12 C atoms alkyl group, and Y ² and Y ³ are each independently of one another denote H F, Cl or CN.

X' is preferably -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR ⁰ -, -NR ⁰ -CO-, -NR ⁰ -CO -NR ⁰ - or single button.

Typical spacer group Sp" is, for example, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -, -(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _q1 -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -S-CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ - or -(SiR ⁰⁰ R ⁰⁰⁰ -O) _p1 -, wherein p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3 and R ⁰⁰ and R ⁰⁰⁰ have the above Indicate the meaning.

尤佳基-Sp"-X"-system-(CH ₂ ) _p1 -, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -O-, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -OCO-, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -O-CO -O-, where p1 and q1 have the meanings indicated above.

In each case, the succinyl group Sp" is, for example, a straight-chain extended ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, a decyl group, a hydrazine group, and a stretching group. Sulfhydryl, undecylenyl, decyldecyl, octadecyl, ethylidene, ethyl, methyleneoxy, butyl, ethylthio, ethyl, ethyl a methylimido group extending an ethyl group, a 1-methylalkylene group, a vinyl group, a propylene group and a butenyl group.

In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, P in formula I represents a group containing two or more polymerizable groups (polyfunctional polymerizable groups). Suitable groups of this type and polymerizable compounds containing the same and their preparation are described, for example, in US 7,060,200 B1 or US 2006/0172090 A1. Particularly preferred are polyfunctional polymerizable groups selected from the following formulas:

-X-alkyl-CHP ¹ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ P ² I ^* a

-X-alkyl-C(CH ₂ P ¹ )(CH ₂ P ² )-CH ₂ P ³ I ^* b

-X-alkyl-CHP ¹ CHP ² -CH ₂ P ³ I ^* c

-X-alkyl-C(CH ₂ P ¹ )(CH ₂ P ² )-C _aa H _2aa+1 I ^* d

-X-alkyl-CHP ¹ -CH ₂ P ² I ^* e

-X-alkyl-CHP ¹ P ² I ^* f

-X-alkyl-CP ¹ P ² -C _aa H _2aa + ₁ I ^* g

-X-alkyl-C(CH ₂ P ¹ )(CH ₂ P ² )-CH ₂ OCH ₂ -C(CH ₂ P ³ )(CH ₂ P ⁴ )CH ₂ P ⁵ I ^* h

-X-alkyl-CH((CH ₂ ) _aa P ¹ )((CH ₂ ) _bb P ² ) I ^* i

-X-alkyl-CHP ¹ CHP ² -C _aa H _2aa+1 I ^* k

-X'-alkyl-C(CH ₃ )(CH ₂ P ¹ )(CH ₂ P ² ) I ^* m

Wherein alkyl represents a single bond or a straight or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 12 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be such that the O and/or S atoms are not directly bonded to each other. The modes are each independently of each other -C(R ⁰⁰ )=C(R ⁰⁰⁰ )-, -C≡C-, -N(R ⁰⁰ )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O -, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, and in addition, one or more of the H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl or CN, wherein R ⁰⁰ and R ⁰⁰⁰ have the meaning indicated above, aa And bb each independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, X has one of the meanings indicated for X', and each of P ^1-5 has ^a meaning corresponding to P ^a independently of each other One of them.

尤佳 Formula I compound IA compound

Wherein R ^a , R ^b , W ¹ , W ² , A ¹ , A ² , Z ¹ , Z ² , L, p, q and r have one of the meanings indicated in formula I or one of the meanings indicated above and below By.

More particularly preferred are compounds of formula I and IA wherein A ¹ and A ² each independently represent 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl or naphthalene-2,6-diyl (in addition, One or more of the CH groups may be substituted by N), cyclohexane-1,4-diyl (in addition, one or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be O and/or S substitution), 1,4-cyclohexylene, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3] Heptane-2,6-diyl, hexahydropyridine-1,4-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl , indoline-2,5-diyl, octahydro-4,7-methylenedihydroindole-2,5-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, indole-2,7-diyl , phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl, 6H-benzo[c] Alkene-3,8-diyl, 9H-indole-2,7-diyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-indole-2,7-diyl, dibenzofuran-3,7-diyl 2-sided oxy-2H- Ace-7-yl, 4-phenyl-2-oxo-2H- Alk-7-yl, 4-sided oxy-4H- Ace-6-yl, 4-phenyl-4-o-oxy-4H- An alkene-6-yl group in which all such groups may be unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by L, and wherein among all such groups, cyclohexane and an aromatic group are excellent, and L represents P-Sp-, OH, CH ₂ OH, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ₂ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R ^x ) ₂ , -C(= O) Y ¹ , -C(=O)R ^x , -N(R ^x ) ₂ , optionally substituted isnzinyl, optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms, having 1 to 25 or preferably 1 to 12 C atoms of a straight or branched alkyl or alkoxy group, or a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 25, 2 to 12 C atoms , an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group or an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, in addition, one or more of the H atoms of all of the groups may be F, Cl, P or P-Sp Further, Y ¹ represents a halogen, and R ^x represents P-Sp-, H, halogen, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25, preferably 1 to 12 C atoms, in addition, One or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be such that O and/or S atoms are not directly connected to each other via -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- , -O-CO-O- replacement, and In addition, one or more H atoms may be F, Cl or P-Sp- alternative.

Other preferred compounds of the formulae I and IA and subformulae thereof as indicated above and below are selected from one or more of the following preferred embodiments, which may be combined with each other as desired, wherein

- W ¹ and W ² each independently represent -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH=CH-, -CH ₂ -O-, -O-CH ₂ -, -C(R ^c R ^d )- or -O -,

- W ¹ and W ² do not mean -CH=CH-, preferably both do not mean -CY=CY-, where Y is H or F,

- R ^c and R ^d each independently represent H or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably H, methyl or ethyl.

- only one or both of the groups W ¹ and W ² represent -N(R ^e ), and R ^e represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably H, methyl or B base,

- one of the groups W ¹ and W ² represents -CH ₂ CH ₂ - or -CH=CH- and the other represents -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ - or -C (CR ^c R ^d ) ₂ -, wherein R ^c and R ^d preferably represent a methyl group,

- one of the groups W ¹ and W ² represents -CH ₂ CH ₂ - and the other represents -CH ₂ O- or -OCH ₂ -,

- one of the groups W ¹ and W ² represents -CH=CH- and the other represents -CH ₂ O- or -OCH ₂ -,

- one of the groups W ¹ and W ² represents -CH ₂ CH ₂ - and the other represents -C(CH ₃ ) ₂ -,

- one of the groups W ¹ and W ² represents -CH=CH- and the other represents -C(CH ₃ ) ₂ -,

- W ¹ represents -CH ₂ CH ₂ - and W ² represents -CH ₂ O-,

- W ¹ represents -CH=CH- and W ² represents -CH ₂ O-,

- W ¹ and W ² represent -CH ₂ CH ₂ -,

- W ¹ and W ² represent -CH=CH-,

- Y means H,

- one of the groups R ^a and R ^b represents P-Sp- and the other is different from P-Sp-,

- R ^a and R ^b represent the same or different groups P-Sp-,

- R ^a and R ^b represent P-Sp-, wherein in one of the groups R ^a and R ^b , Sp represents a single bond and in the other of the groups R ^a and R ^b , Sp and a single bond Different and preferred groups representing the formula Sp"-X"- such that the group P-Sp- conforms to the formula P-Sp"-X"-,

- R ^a and R ^b represent the same or different groups P-Sp-, wherein both groups Sp represent a single bond,

One of the groups R ^a and R ^b represents or contains a group P-Sp- and the other represents a non-polymerizable group preferably selected from linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 25 C atoms In addition, one or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be such that the O and/or S atoms are not directly linked to each other independently of each other by -C(R ⁰⁰ )=C(R ⁰⁰⁰ )-, C≡C-, -N(R ⁰⁰ )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- are substituted, and additionally, wherein One or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN,

- R ^a and R ^{b are} different from H,

- one of the groups R ^a and R ^b represents P-Sp- and the other is different from H,

a group different from P-Sp-, R ^a or R ^b represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12, preferably 5 to 12 C atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 C atoms or having 2 to 11 An alkenyl group of C atoms, in addition, one or more of the H atoms of all of the groups may be replaced by F,

- R ^a and/or R ^b represents a straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, and additionally, one or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be O And/or the S atoms are not directly connected to each other by -C(R ⁰⁰ )=C(R ⁰⁰⁰ )-, -C≡C-, -N(R ⁰⁰ )-, -O-, -S independently of each other. -, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- are substituted, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN.

- Sp means a single button,

- Sp represents -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -O-, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -O-CO-, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -O-CO-O-, preferably - (CH ₂ ) _p1 - or -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -O-, wherein p1 represents an integer from 1 to 12, preferably from 1 to 5, particularly preferably from 1 to 3.

- Sp and/or Sp" represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, C atoms.

- A ¹ and A ² are each independently or, on each occurrence, represent the same or different group selected from the group consisting of phenyl-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, trans-cyclohexylene-1,4-diyl, dibenzofuran-3 a 7-diyl group, wherein in the above group containing an unsaturated or aromatic ring, one or two CH groups of the rings may also be replaced by N, and wherein each of the above groups is also Can be single or multiple substituted by L, as described above and below,

- A ¹ and A ² represent a phenyl-1,4-diyl group which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by L, as described above and below.

- L neither represents nor contains polymerizable groups.

- L represents a non-polymerizable group preferably selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, -CN and a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25, particularly preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in addition, one or more of which are not Adjacent CH ₂ groups may be such that the O and/or S atoms are not directly linked to each other independently by -C(R ⁰⁰ )=C(R ⁰⁰⁰ )-, -C≡C-, -N(R ⁰⁰ -, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- instead, and additionally, one or more of the H atoms may pass F, Cl, Br, I or CN instead,

- L represents F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ₂ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN or -SCN, preferably F,

- in one or two groups (L) _r , r represents 1,

- in one or two groups (L) _r , r represents 1 and L represents F,

- L represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 C atoms or a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 12 C atoms, an alkynyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxy group a carbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group or an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, wherein, in addition, one or more of the H atoms of all of the groups may be replaced by F, Cl or P-Sp-,

- L means P-Sp-,

- Z ¹ and Z ² are each independently of each other and, at each occurrence, the same or differently selected from the group consisting of -O-, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -OCH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O -, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, single bond,

- Z ¹ and Z ² represent single bonds,

- Z ¹ and Z ^{2 are} different from -C≡C-,

- p=0 and q=0,

- p=1 and q=1,

- p=0 and q=1, or p=1 and q=0,

- If W ¹ and W ² represent -CH=CH-, Z ¹ does not mean that -C≡C- and/or A ¹ does not mean 1,4-phenylene, and particularly preferably does not represent an aromatic group.

- If W ¹ and W ² represent -CH=CH-, Z ² does not mean that -C≡C- and/or A ² does not mean 1,4-phenylene, and particularly preferably does not represent an aromatic group.

- R ^a -(A ¹ -Z ¹ ) _p - and -(Z ² -A ² ) _q -R ^b do not represent a halogen.

The compounds of formula I and IA are selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein Sp, L and r have one of the meanings indicated above and below, each of P ^a and P ^b independently of one another has one of the meanings indicated for P, and R′ and R′′ each independently represent H Or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, and s1 is 0 or 1. R' and R" preferably represent a methyl group or an ethyl group.

P, P ^a and P ^{b in} the compounds of the formulae I and IA and the subformulae I1 - I28 preferably represent acrylates or methacrylates, in addition to fluoroacrylates.

The Sp in the compounds of the formulae I and IA and the sub formulae I1 to I28 preferably represents -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -O-, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -O-CO- or -( CH ₂ ) _{p 1} —O—CO—O— or a mirror image thereof, wherein p 1 represents an integer from 1 to 12, preferably from 1 to 6, particularly preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, and wherein is attached to an adjacent benzene ring via O The atom takes place.

The invention further relates to compounds of the formulae I and IA and subformulae as defined above and below, wherein if W ¹ and W ² represent -CH=CH-, Z ¹ does not represent -C≡C- and/or A ¹ does not mean 1,4-phenylene and particularly preferably does not represent an aromatic group, and Z ² does not mean -C≡C- and/or A ² does not mean 1,4-phenylene and particularly preferably does not mean aromatic Family group, and does not include 1-vinyl anthracene.

The invention further relates to novel intermediates for the preparation of compounds of formula I which are selected from formula II

And preferably selected from the formula IIA

Wherein W ¹ , W ² , Sp, L, A ¹ , A ² , Z ¹ , Z ² , p, q and r have the meanings indicated by formula I or above and below, and G and G′ are each independently of one another The ground represents a H atom or a protecting group.

Suitable protecting groups G are known to those skilled in the art. Preferred protecting groups are alkyl, mercapto and alkylcarboxyalkyl or arylcarboxyalkyl, 2-tetrahydropyranyl or methoxymethyl.

The intermediates of formula II and IIA are selected from the group consisting of the above sub-formulas I1-I28, wherein P ^a represents GO- in each case and P ^b represents -O-G' in each case, wherein G and G 'Preferred to indicate H.

Particularly suitable and preferred methods for the preparation of the compounds and intermediates of the formulae I and II and subformulae are illustrated by way of example in the following reaction schemes and preferably comprise one or more of the following steps.

The compounds and intermediates of the formulae I and II and their subformulae can be prepared in a manner analogous to those known to those skilled in the art and described in the standard work of organic chemistry, such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry ], Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart.

For example, a compound of formula I is synthesized by esterification or etherification of an intermediate of formula II using a corresponding acid, acid derivative or halogenated compound containing group P. As illustrated by way of example in Scheme 1, a compound of formula I (wherein R ^a and R ^b represent P-Sp- and P is, for example, an acrylate or methacrylate group) can be used by using an acid derivative. (for example, (meth)acryloyl chloride or methacrylic anhydride) the corresponding alcohol of formula II in the presence of a base and, optionally, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) (where G = G'=H) is obtained by esterification. Further, the alcohol may also be esterified using methacrylic acid in the presence of a dehydrating agent, for example, by the Steglich method using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).

Accordingly, the present invention is further directed to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I wherein the compound of formula II is esterified or etherified in the presence of a dehydrating reagent using the corresponding acid, acid derivative or halogenated compound containing group P.

(R=H or CH ₃ ; W ¹ , W ² , Sp, L, A ¹ , A ² , Z ¹ , Z ² , p, q and r are as defined in formula II)

The acquisition of the parent structure 4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindole (1,W=W'=CH ₂ CH ₂ ) is provided by hydrogenation of hydrazine (P. Soustek et al., Dyes and Pigments 78 (2008) 139-147), and can be selectively functionalized by halogenation (reaction Figure 2). According to AD Abell et al., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1997, (1663-1668), 4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindole (4) produces 2,7-dibromo-4, 5,9,10-tetrahydroanthracene (5, Hal = Br). According to H. Suzuki, Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 6, p. 700 (1988), iodination produces the corresponding 2,7-diiodo-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroanthracene (5,Hal=I). .

Boric acid can be prepared, for example, from the dihalogen compound 5 by metallation with butyl lithium and reacted with a boronic ester and the dihalogen compound can be oxidized to obtain phenol 6 (reaction Figure 3). An alternative is to treat with KOH in the presence of a catalyst according to S. L. Buchwald et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 10694-10695. Acrylation is used to produce (meth) acrylate 7.

(R=H or CH ₃ )

Monometallation in the presence of triisopropyl borate produces diisopropyl borate which is hydrolyzed and oxidized to yield a monohydroxy compound (8, reaction scheme 4) which can be further converted in the second step. Thus, Sonogashira is coupled to a terminal alkynol to produce an alkyne 9, from which a compound 10 containing a spacer group can be obtained by hydrogenation and esterification.

(R=H or CH ₃ , p1=for example 1-12)

Thus, as described in S. Song et al., Tetrahedron Letters 2008, 49, 3582-3587, derivative 12 can be obtained from commercially available 4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene 11 (reaction Figure 5), and can be based on reaction scheme 3 And 4 produce compounds 13 and 14.

(R=H or CH ₃ , p1=for example 1-12)

Aromatization of a suitable intermediate (e.g., compound 5, 8 or 12) yields the corresponding unsaturated compounds 15 to 18. Suitable reaction conditions for aromatization are, for example, treatment with dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) in an inert solvent (VV Filichev et al, Chemistry-A European Journal 2008, 14(32), 9968 -9980) or halogenation while eliminating hydrogen halide (P. Soustek et al, Dyes and Pigments 78 (2008) 139-147; S. Song et al, Tetrahedron Letters 49 (2008) 3582-3587).

(R=H or CH ₃ , p1=for example 1-12)

Flavidine (19) is a natural product and is isolated from orchids (see, for example, G. K. Jayaprakasha et al, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2004, 12, 5141-5146).

(R=H or CH ₃ )

The derivative 20 of the present invention is obtained from the above 19; the above aromatization yields 21.

The intermediate shown in the reaction scheme can be further converted into a compound of the invention by a plurality of standard reactions (reaction Figure 6). For example, an aryl derivative 23 can be obtained from an aryl metal compound by a transition metal catalyzed coupling reaction (for example, Suzuki coupling (22, M=-B(OH) ₂ )), and it can be similar to the above reaction scheme The manner is converted to the target compound 25.

(R=H or CH ₃ ; M=B(OH) ₂ , ZnHal, MgHal; Hal=halogen; G, W ¹ , W ² , A ¹ , Z ¹ , p, Sp as described in formula II)

The invention further relates to the process described above and below for the preparation of compounds of the formulae I and II, in particular for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I from the compounds of the formula II.

For the manufacture of PSA displays, the polymerizable compound is polymerized or crosslinked by in situ polymerization in an LC medium by applying a voltage between the two substrates of the LC display (if a compound contains two or more polymerizable groups) group). The polymerization can be carried out in one step. It is also possible to first carry out the polymerization in the first step by applying a voltage to generate a pretilt angle, and then to polymerize or crosslink the unreacted compound in the first step in a second polymerization step in which no voltage is applied ("end curing") ).

Suitable and preferred polymerization methods are, for example, thermal or photopolymerization, preferably photopolymerization, especially UV photopolymerization. One or more starters may also be added here as appropriate. Suitable conditions for the polymerization and suitable types and amounts of the starter are known to those skilled in the art and are set forth in the literature. Suitable for free radical polymerization (for example) commercially available photoinitiator Irgacure651 Irgacure184 Irgacure907 Irgacure369 Or Darocurel173 (Ciba AG). If a starter is used, the proportion thereof is preferably from 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.001% by weight to 1% by weight.

The polymerizable compounds of the invention are also suitable for the polymerization without initiators, which are accompanied by a number of advantages, such as lower material costs and especially less LC media contamination by possible residual amounts of initiators or their degradation products. Therefore, the polymerization can also be carried out without adding an initiator. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the LC medium does not comprise a polymerization initiator.

In order to prevent undesired spontaneous polymerization of the RM during, for example, storage or transportation, the polymerizable component A) or the LC medium may also include one or more stabilizers. Suitable types and amounts of stabilizers are known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature. Particularly suitable (for example) from Irganox Commercially available stabilizers for the series (Ciba AG), for example, Irganox 1076. If a stabilizer is used, the proportion is preferably from 10 to 10,000 ppm, particularly preferably from 50 to 500 ppm, based on the total of RM or polymerizable component A).

The LC medium of the present invention for PSA displays preferably comprises <5 wt%, particularly preferably <1 wt%, and preferably <0.5 wt% of a polymerizable compound, especially a polymerizable compound of the above formula I and subformulae thereof.

More preferred are LC media comprising one, two or three polymerizable compounds of the invention.

Further, preferred is a polymerizable component (component A) comprising only the LC medium of the polymerizable compound of the present invention.

Further, preferred component B) is an LC medium having an LC compound or a mixture of LCs of a nematic liquid crystal phase.

Further preferred are the non-pivotic polymerizable compounds of the present invention and LC media wherein the compounds of component A) and/or B) are selected solely from the group consisting of non-p-branched compounds.

Further, preferred polymerizable components or components A) comprise one or more polymerizable compounds of the invention containing one polymerizable group (single reactivity) and one or more containing two or more (preferably Two) LC mediators of polymerizable compounds of the invention which are polymerizable groups (di- or polyreactive).

Further, preferred are PSA displays and LC media in which the polymerizable component or component A) comprises only the polymerizable compound of the invention containing two polymerizable groups (di-reactive).

The proportion of the polymerizable component or component A) in the LC medium of the invention is preferably <5%, preferably <1%, and preferably <0.5%.

The proportion of the liquid crystal component or component B) in the LC medium of the invention is preferably >95%, particularly preferably >99%.

The polymerizable compounds of the present invention may be polymerized individually, but may also be polymerized by comprising a mixture of two or more polymerizable compounds of the invention, or comprising one or more polymerizable compounds of the invention, and one or more preferably A mixture of liquid crystals or other polymerizable compounds (co-monomers) of liquid crystals. In the case where these mixtures are polymerized, a copolymer is formed. The invention further relates to the polymerizable mixtures mentioned above and below. The polymerizable compound and the co-monolithic liquid crystal or non-liquid crystal, preferably liquid crystal or liquid crystal.

Suitable and preferred liquid crystal raw comonomers, particularly for use in PSA displays, are selected, for example, from the following formulas:

Wherein individual groups have the following meanings: P ¹ and P ² each independently represent a polymerizable group, preferably having one of the meanings indicated above and below for P, particularly preferably acrylate, methacrylic acid Ester, fluoroacrylate, propylene oxide, vinyloxy or epoxy group, each of Sp ¹ and Sp ² independently of one another represents a single bond or a spacer group, preferably having the meanings indicated above and below for Sp One of them, and particularly preferably -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -O-, -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -CO-O- or -(CH ₂ ) _p1 -O-CO- O-, wherein p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, and wherein an adjacent ring attached to the last-mentioned group occurs via an O atom, in addition, wherein the groups P ¹ -Sp ¹ - and P ² -Sp ² - One or more may represent R ^aa , provided that at least one of the groups P ¹ -Sp ¹ - and P ² -Sp ² - present does not represent R ^aa , and R ^aa represents H, F, Cl, CN or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 C atoms, and wherein one or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may each independently of each other such that the O and/or S atoms are not directly connected to each other By C(R ⁰ )=C(R ⁰⁰ )-, -C≡C-, -N(R ⁰ )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- are substituted, and additionally, one or more H atoms may pass through Substituent substitution: F, Cl, CN or P ¹ -Sp ¹ -, particularly preferably a linear or branched, mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl group having from 1 to 12 C atoms Alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy (wherein the alkenyl and alkynyl groups have at least two C atoms and the branched group has at least three C atoms) , R ⁰ , R ⁰⁰ are each independently and, on each occurrence, represent H or an H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, and R ^y and R ^z each independently represent H, F, CH ₃ or CF ₃ , Z ¹ represents -O-, -CO-, -C(R ^y R ^z )- or -CF ₂ CF ₂ -, and Z ² and Z ³ each independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF ₂ - or -(CH ₂ ) _n -, where n is 2, 3 or 4, L appears every time When expressed identically or differently, F, Cl, CN or a linear or branched mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl group having from 1 to 12 C atoms, Alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl The oxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy group, preferably F, L' and L" each independently represent H, F or Cl, r represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and s represents 0, 1, 2 Or 3, t means 0, 1 or 2, and x means 0 or 1.

In addition to the above polymerizable compounds, the LC medium used in the LC display of the present invention also comprises an LC mixture containing one or more (preferably two or more) low molecular weight (i.e., monomeric or unpolymerized) compounds (" Host mixture"). The latter is stable under the conditions used to polymerize the polymerizable compounds or does not react to the polymerization. In principle, any LC mixture suitable for conventional VA and OCB displays is suitable as the host mixture. Suitable LC mixtures are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature, for example in VA displays in EP 1 378 557 A1 and in mixtures of OCB displays in EP 1 306 418 A1 and DE 102 24 046 A1. .

In a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium comprises an LC host mixture based on a compound having a negative dielectric anisotropy. These LC media are especially suitable for PSA-VA displays. A preferred embodiment of this type of LC medium is mentioned in sections a)-x) below:

a) an LC medium comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of CY and/or PY:

Where individual groups have the following meanings: a for 1 or 2 and b for 0 or 1,

R ¹ and R ² each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, and further, one or two of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be such that O atoms are not directly connected to each other via -O-, -CH=CH-, -CO-, -OCO- or -COO-substitution, preferably an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and Z ^x and Z ^y each independently represent -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH=CH-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C ₂ F ₄ - , -CF=CF-, -CH=CH-CH ₂ O- or a single bond, preferably a single bond, and L ^1-4 each independently represent F, Cl, OCF ₃ , CF ₃ , CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ .

Preferably, both groups L ¹ and L ² represent F or one of the groups L ¹ and L ² represents F and the other represents Cl, or both groups L ³ and L ⁴ represent F Or one of the groups L ³ and L ⁴ represents F and the other represents Cl.

Preferably, the CY compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein a represents 1 or 2, and the alkyl group and the alkyl group * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and the alkenyl group represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. The alkenyl group preferably represents CH ₂ =CH-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ CH ₂ -, CH ₃ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -CH ₂ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH= CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -CH=CH- or CH ₃ -CH=CH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -.

Preferably, the PY compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein the alkyl group and the alkyl group ^* each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and the alkenyl group represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and (O) represents oxygen Atom or single bond. The alkenyl group preferably represents CH ₂ =CH-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ CH ₂ -, CH ₃ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -CH ₂ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH= CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -CH=CH- or CH ₃ -CH=CH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -.

b) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more compounds of the formula:

Some of these groups have the following meanings:

R ³ and R ⁴ each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, and further, one or two of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be such that O atoms are not directly connected to each other via -O-, -CH=CH-, -CO-, -O-CO- or -CO-O- instead, Z ^y represents -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH=CH-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C ₂ F ₄ -, -CF=CF-, -CH=CH-CH ₂ O- or a single bond, Good for a single button.

The ZK compound of the formula is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein the alkyl group and the alkyl group ^* each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and the alkenyl group means a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms. The alkenyl group preferably represents CH ₂ =CH-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ CH ₂ -, CH ₃ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -CH ₂ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH= CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -CH=CH- or CH ₃ -CH=CH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -.

c) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more compounds of the formula:

Wherein each group has the same or different meaning at each occurrence: R ⁵ and R ⁶ each independently of one another have one of the meanings indicated above for R ¹ ,

And e means 1 or 2.

Preferably, the compound of formula DK is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein the alkyl group and the alkyl group * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and the alkenyl group and the alkenyl group* each independently represent a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms. Alkenyl and alkenyl* preferably denote CH ₂ =CH-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ CH ₂ -, CH ₃ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -CH ₂ -CH=CH-,CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -CH=CH- or CH ₃ -CH=CH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -.

d) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more compounds of the formula:

Some of these groups have the following meanings:

f represents 0 or 1, and R ¹ and R ² each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, and in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may cause O atoms not directly connected to each other. The mode is replaced by -O-, -CH=CH-, -CO-, -OCO- or -COO-, and Z ^x and Z ^y each independently represent -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH=CH-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C ₂ F ₄ -, -CF=CF-, -CH=CH- CH ₂ O- or a single bond, preferably a single bond, and L ¹ and L ² each independently represent F, Cl, OCF ₃ , CF ₃ , CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ .

Preferably, both groups L ¹ and L ² represent F or one of the groups L ¹ and L ² represents F and the other represents Cl.

Preferably, the compound of formula LY is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ¹ has the meaning indicated above, alkyl represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and v represents an integer of 1 to 6. R ¹ preferably denotes a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms or a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, especially CH ₃ , C ₂ H ₅ , nC ₃ H ₇ , nC ₄ H ₉ , nC ₅ H ₁₁ , CH ₂ =CH-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ CH ₂ -, CH ₃ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -CH ₂ -CH=CH-,CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH =CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -CH=CH- or CH ₃ -CH=CH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -.

e) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:

Wherein alkyl represents C _1-6 -alkyl, L ^x represents H or F, and X represents F, Cl, OCF ₃ , OCHF ₂ or OCH=CF ₂ . More preferably, X represents a compound of formula G1 of F.

f) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:

Wherein R ⁵ has ^{one of} the meanings indicated above for R ¹ , alkyl represents C _1-6 -alkyl, d represents 0 or 1, and z and m each independently represent an integer from 1 to 6. R ^{5 of} these compounds is preferably a C _1-6 -alkyl or -alkoxy group or a C _2-6 -alkenyl group, and d is preferably 1. The LC medium of the present invention preferably comprises One or more of the above various compounds in an amount of 5% by weight.

g) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more biphenyl compounds selected from the group consisting of:

Wherein the alkyl group and the alkyl group ^* each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and the alkenyl group and the alkenyl group ^* each independently represent a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms. Alkenyl and alkenyl ^* preferably denote CH ₂ =CH-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ CH ₂ -, CH ₃ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -CH ₂ -CH=CH-,CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -CH=CH- or CH ₃ -CH=CH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -.

The proportion of biphenyl of formula B1 to B3 in the LC mixture is preferably at least 3% by weight, in particular 5 wt%.

Compounds of formula B2 are especially preferred.

The compounds of the formulae B1 to B3 are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

Wherein alkyl ^* represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The medium of the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of the formula B1a and/or B2c.

h) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more triphenyl compounds of the formula:

Wherein R ⁵ and R ⁶ each independently of one another have ^{one of} the meanings indicated above for R ¹ , and

Respectively independent of each other

Wherein L ⁵ represents F or Cl, preferably F, and L ⁶ represents F, Cl, OCF ₃ , CF ₃ , CH ₃ , CH ₂ F or CHF ₂ , preferably F.

The compound of formula T is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R represents a linear alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 7 C atoms, R* represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and m represents 1 An integer of up to 6. R* preferably represents CH ₂ =CH-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ CH ₂ -, CH ₃ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -CH ₂ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH= CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -CH=CH- or CH ₃ -CH=CH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -.

R preferably represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group or a pentyloxy group.

The LC medium of the present invention preferably comprises from 0.5 to 30% by weight, especially from 1 to 20% by weight, of the terphenyl of the formula T and its preferred subform.

More preferred are compounds of the formulae T1, T2, T3 and T21. In these compounds, R preferably represents an alkyl group each having 1 to 5 C atoms and an alkoxy group.

If the mixture has a Δn value In the case of 0.1, diphenylbenzene is preferably used in the mixture of the present invention. Preferably, the mixture comprises from 2 to 20% by weight of one or more of the formula T-triphenyl compounds, which are preferably selected from the group of compounds T1 to T22.

i) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:

Wherein R ¹ and R ² have the meanings indicated above and preferably each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms or a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms.

Preferred media comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulas O1, O3 and O4.

k) LC medium additionally comprising one or more compounds of the formula:

among them Express

R ⁹ represents H, CH ₃ , C ₂ H ₅ or nC ₃ H ₇ , (F) represents an optional fluorine substituent, and q represents 1, 2 or 3, and R ⁷ has ^{one of} the meanings indicated for R ¹ The amount is preferably >3 wt%, especially 5 wt% and excellent 5-30 wt%.

The preferred FI compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ⁷ preferably represents a linear alkyl group, and R ⁹ represents CH ₃ , C ₂ H ₅ or nC ₃ H ₇ . Particularly preferred are compounds of the formulas FI1, FI2 and FI3.

m) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:

Wherein R ⁸ has the meaning indicated for R ¹ and alkyl represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms.

n) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more compounds containing tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl units, for example, a compound selected from the group consisting of:

Wherein R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ each independently have ^{one of} the meanings indicated for R ¹ , preferably a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms or 2 to 6 C atoms; a linear alkenyl group, and Z ¹ and Z ² each independently represent -C ₂ H ₄ -, -CH=CH-, -(CH ₂ ) ₄ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₃ O-, -O(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -CH=CH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH=CH-, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, - C ₂ F ₄ -, -CF=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CH ₂ - or a single bond.

o) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more of the following formulas of difluorodibenzochroman and/or chromene:

Wherein R ¹¹ and R ¹² each independently of the meaning indicated above, ring M represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene, and Z ^m represents -C ₂ H ₄ -, - CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, and c represents 0 or 1, preferably in an amount of from 3% by weight to 20% by weight, especially from 3% by weight to 15% by weight %.

The preferred BC and CR compounds are selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein the alkyl group and the alkyl group * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and the alkenyl group and the alkenyl group are each independently represented to have 2 to a linear alkenyl group of 6 C atoms. Alkenyl and alkenyl* preferably denote CH ₂ =CH-, CH ₂ =CHCH ₂ CH ₂ -, CH ₃ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -CH ₂ -CH=CH-,CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH=CH-, CH ₃ -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -CH=CH- or CH ₃ -CH=CH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -.

An excellent combination of one, two or three compounds of the formula BC-2.

p) an LC medium additionally comprising one or more of the following formulas of fluorinated phenanthrene and/or dibenzofuran:

Wherein R ¹¹ and R ¹² each independently have the meaning indicated above, b represents 0 or 1, L represents F, and r represents 1, 2 or 3.

The particularly preferred PH and BF compounds are selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R and R' each independently of each other represent a linear alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 7 C atoms.

q) An LC medium which does not comprise a compound containing a terminal vinyloxy group (-O-CH=CH ₂ ), except for the polymerizable compounds of the invention and the co-monomers of the formula I or its subformulae.

r) LC medium comprising from 1 to 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3 polymerizable compounds which are preferably selected from the polymerizable compounds of the invention, in particular of formula I or its subformulae.

s) LC medium, wherein in particular the proportion of the polymerizable compound of the formula I or its subformulae in the integrated mixture is from 0.05 to 5%, preferably from 0.1 to 1%.

t) LC medium comprising from 1 to 8, preferably from 1 to 5 compounds of the formula CY1, CY2, PY1 and/or PY2. The proportion of such compounds in the overall mixture is preferably from 5% to 60%, particularly preferably from 10% to 35%. In each case, the content of the individual compounds is preferably from 2% to 20%.

u) LC medium comprising from 1 to 8, preferably from 1 to 5 compounds of the formula CY9, CY10, PY9 and/or PY10. The proportion of such compounds in the overall mixture is preferably from 5% to 60%, particularly preferably from 10% to 35%. In each case, the content of the individual compounds is preferably from 2% to 20%.

v) LC medium comprising from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8, compounds of the formula ZK, in particular compounds of the formula ZK1, ZK2 and/or ZK6. The proportion of such compounds in the overall mixture is preferably from 3% to 25%, particularly preferably from 5% to 45%. In each case, the content of the individual compounds is preferably from 2% to 20%.

w) an LC medium in which the proportion of the formula CY, PY and ZK compounds in the overall mixture is greater than 70%, preferably greater than 80%.

x) PSA-VA display, where the pre-tilt angle is better 85°, especially good 80°.

In a second preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium comprises an LC host mixture based on a compound having positive dielectric anisotropy. This type of LC medium is especially suitable for PSA-OCB, PSA-TN, PSA-positive-VA, PSA-IPS and PSA-FFS displays. A preferred embodiment of such displays is given below:

An LC medium comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following compounds:

The LC medium, in addition to the compound of formula AA and/or BB, also comprises one or more compounds of the formula:

In the formulas AA, BB and CC, individual groups have the following meanings:

R ²¹ , R ³¹ , R ⁴¹ and R ⁴² each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 9 C atoms, an alkoxy group, an oxaalkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group or an alkenyl group having 2 to 9 C atoms. And X ⁰ represents F, Cl, a halogenated alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms or a halogenated alkenyl group or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and Z ³¹ represents -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CF ₂ CF ₂ -, -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, trans-CF=CF-, -CH ₂ O- or a single bond, preferably -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -COO-, anti- CH=CH- or a single bond, preferably -COO-, trans-CH=CH- or a single bond, Z ⁴¹ and Z ⁴² represent -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -COO-, anti-CH=CH-, anti -CF=CF-, -CH ₂ O-, -CF ₂ O-, -C≡C- or a single bond, preferably a single bond, L ²¹ , L ²² , L ³¹ , L ³² represent H or F, g Indicates 1, 2 or 3, and h means 0, 1, 2 or 3.

X ⁰ preferably represents _{F, Cl, CF 3, CHF} 2, OCF 3, OCHF 2, OCFHCF 3, OCFHCHF 2, OCFHCHF 2, OCF 2 CH 3, OCF 2 CHF 2, OCF 2 CHF 2, OCF 2 CF 2 CHF ₂ , OCF ₂ CF ₂ CHF ₂ , OCFHCF ₂ CF ₃ , OCFHCF ₂ CHF ₂ , OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ , OCF ₂ CF ₂ CClF ₂ , OCClFCF ₂ CF ₃ or CH=CF ₂ , especially F or OCF ₃ .

The compound of formula AA is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

Wherein A ²¹ , R ²¹ , X ⁰ , L ²¹ and L ²² have the meanings indicated in the formula AA, and L ²³ and L ²⁴ each independently represent H or F, and X ⁰ preferably represents F. More preferred are compounds of the formulas AA1 and AA2.

The preferred compound of formula AA1 is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ⁰ has one of the meanings indicated by R ^{21 in} the formula AA1, X ⁰ , L ²¹ and L ²² have the meanings indicated in the formula AA1, and L ²³ , L ²⁴ , L ²⁵ and L ²⁶ are each independently of each other Indicates H or F, and X ⁰ preferably denotes F.

The excellent formula AA1 compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ⁰ has the meaning indicated for R ^{21 in} the formula AA1.

The particularly preferred AA2 compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ⁰ has the meaning indicated for R ^{21 in} the formula AA1, X ⁰ , L ²¹ and L ²² have the meanings indicated in the formula AA, and L ²³ , L ²⁴ , L ²⁵ and L ²⁶ each independently represent H or F, and X ⁰ preferably represents F.

The excellent AA2 compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ⁰ has the meaning indicated for R ^{21 in} the formula AA1.

The particularly preferred AA3 compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ⁰ has the meaning indicated for R ^{21 in} the formula AA1, X ⁰ , L ²¹ and L ²² have the meanings indicated in the formula AA3, and X ⁰ preferably denotes F.

The preferred AA4 compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ⁰ has the meaning indicated for R ^{21 in} the formula AA1.

The compound of formula BB is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein A ³¹ , A ³² , R ³¹ , X ⁰ , L ³¹ and L ³² have the meanings indicated in the formula BB, and X ⁰ preferably denotes F. Especially preferred are compounds of formula BB1 and BB2.

The BB1 compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} the formula BB1, X ⁰ , L ³¹ and L ³² have the meanings indicated in the formula BB1, and X ⁰ preferably denotes F.

The excellent BB1a compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} the formula BB1.

The excellent BB1b compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} the formula BB1.

The BB2 compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ⁰ has one of the meanings indicated by R ^{21 in} the formula BB2, X ⁰ , L ³¹ and L ³² have the meanings indicated in the formula BB2, and L ³³ , L ³⁴ , L ³⁵ and L ³⁶ are each independently of each other Indicates H or F, and X ⁰ preferably denotes F.

The excellent BB2a compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} formula BB2.

The excellent BB2b compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} formula BB2.

The excellent BB2c compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} formula BB2.

The compounds of the excellent formulas BB2d and BB2e are selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} formula BB2.

The excellent BB2f compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} formula BB2.

The excellent BB2g compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} formula BB2.

The excellent BB2h compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} formula BB2.

The excellent BB2i compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} formula BB2.

The excellent BB2k compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} formula BB2.

Alternatively or in addition to the compounds of formula BB1 and/or BB2, the LC medium may also comprise one or more compounds of formula BB3 as defined above.

The BB3 compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ³ has the meaning indicated for R ^{31 in} the formula BB3.

In addition to the compound of formula AA and/or BB, the LC medium of the second preferred embodiment preferably comprises one or more dielectric neutral compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of from -1.5 to +3 selected from the group consisting of A group of compounds of the formula CC.

The particularly preferred CC compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subformula:

Wherein R ⁴¹ and R ⁴² have the meanings indicated in formula CC and preferably each independently represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a fluorinated alkyl group or a fluorinated alkoxy group having 1 to 7 C atoms or have 2 Alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl or fluorinated alkenyl groups up to 7 C atoms, and L ⁴ represents H or F.

In addition to or as an alternative to the compound of the formula CC, the LC medium of the second comparative embodiment preferably comprises one or more dielectric neutral compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of from -1.5 to +3 selected from the formula DD a group of compounds,

Wherein A ⁴¹ , A ⁴² , Z ⁴¹ , Z ⁴² , R ⁴¹ , R ⁴² and h have the meanings indicated in the formula CC.

The Optimus DD compound is selected from the group consisting of the following subtypes:

Wherein R ⁴¹ and R ⁴² have the meanings indicated in formula DD and R ⁴¹ preferably denotes alkyl and in formula DD1, R ⁴² preferably denotes alkenyl, especially preferably -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH=CH-CH ₃ , and in the formula DD2, R ⁴² preferably represents an alkyl group, -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH=CH ₂ or -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -CH=CH-CH ₃ .

The concentration of the compound of formula AA and BB in the LC medium of the invention is preferably from 2% to 60%, particularly preferably from 3% to 35%, and very preferably from 4% to 30%.

The concentration of the CC and DD compounds in the LC medium of the invention is preferably from 2% to 70%, especially from 5% to 65%, particularly preferably from 10% to 60% and preferably from 10%, preferably from 15% to the total mixture. 50%.

The low molecular weight compound as a combination of the components of the LC host mixture of the above preferred embodiment and the above polymeric compound produces low threshold voltage, low rotational viscosity and excellent low temperature stability in the LC medium of the present invention, while having a constant high definition bright spot and high The HR value allows for a very low pretilt angle to be established quickly in the PSA display. In particular, LC media in PSA displays exhibit significantly shorter response times, in particular also gray shade response times, compared to media from prior art.

The liquid crystal mixture preferably has a nematic phase range of at least 80 K, particularly preferably at least 100 K, and a rotational viscosity of not more than 250 mPa‧s, preferably not more than 200 mPa‧s at 20 °C.

In the VA type display of the present invention, the molecules in the LC dielectric layer in the off state are aligned (vertically) perpendicular to the electrode surface or have oblique vertical alignment. Upon application of a voltage to the electrodes, the LC molecules are realigned with the longitudinal axis of the molecules parallel to the surface of the electrodes.

The LC medium of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, especially for use in a PSA-VA type display, has a negative medium of preferably about -0.5 to -10, especially about -2.5 to 7.5 at 20 ° C and 1 kHz. Electrical anisotropy Δ ε.

The birefringence Δn of the LC medium of the first preferred embodiment of the invention, especially for use in a PSA-VA type display, is preferably less than 0.16, particularly preferably between 0.06 and 0.14, especially between 0.07 and 0.12. between.

In the OCB type display of the present invention, the molecules in the LC dielectric layer have a "bending" alignment. Upon application of a voltage, LC molecules are realigned with the longitudinal axis of the molecule perpendicular to the surface of the electrodes.

The LC medium of the present invention used in the PSA-OCB type display preferably has the positive dielectric anisotropy Δ ε of the second preferred embodiment, and preferably has about +4 to 20 ° C and 1 kHz. Dielectric anisotropy Δ ε of +17.

The birefringence Δn of the LC medium of the second preferred embodiment of the invention used in the OCB type display is preferably between 0.14 and 0.22, especially between 0.16 and 0.22.

The second preferred embodiment of the present invention, especially those used in PSA-TN, PSA-Positive-VA, PSA-IPS and PSA-FFS displays, has a preferred +2 at 20 ° C and 1 kHz. Positive dielectric anisotropy Δ ε of +30, especially preferably +2 to +17, excellent +3 to +15.

The birefringence Δn of the LC medium of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, especially for PSA-TN, PSA-IPS and PSA-FFS type displays, is preferably between 0.07 and 0.15, especially between 0.08. Between 0.13.

The LC media of the present invention may also contain other additives known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature, such as polymerization initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surface active materials or palmitic dopants. These additives may be polymerized or non-polymerizable. The polymerizable additive is correspondingly assigned to the polymerizable component or component A). The non-polymerizable additive is correspondingly assigned to the non-polymerizable component or component B).

The LC medium can comprise, for example, one or more pairs of palmitic dopants, preferably those selected from the group consisting of the compounds of Table B below.

Further, a polychromatic dye of, for example, 0% by weight to 15% by weight may be added to the LC medium, and nano particles, a conductive salt (preferably ethyl dimethyldodecyl 4-hexyloxy group) may be further added. a double salt of ammonium benzoate, ammonium tetrabutyltetraphenylborate or a crown ether (see, for example, Haller et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 24 , 249-258 (1973)) for improving conductivity or Substances that improve the alignment of dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, and/or nematic phase may be added. Substances of this type are described, for example, in DE-A 22 09 127, 22 40 864, 23 21 632, 23 38 281, 24 50 088, 26 37 430 and 28 53 728.

The individual components of the preferred embodiments a)-z) of the LC media of the present invention are known or their preparation methods are readily obtainable from the prior art by those skilled in the art, as they are based on the standards described in the literature. method. Corresponding compounds of the formula CY are described, for example, in EP-A-0 364 538. Corresponding compounds of the formula ZK are described, for example, in DE-A-26 36 684 and DE-A-33 21 373.

The LC medium which can be used according to the invention is in a manner which is customary per se, for example by reacting one or more of the abovementioned compounds with one or more of the above-mentioned polymerizable compounds, and optionally with other liquid crystal compounds and/or additives Mix to prepare. In general, it is advantageous to dissolve the desired amount of the component used in a small amount in the component constituting the main component, and the dissolution is carried out at a high temperature. The solution of the components may also be mixed in an organic solvent (for example, in acetone, chloroform or methanol), and after thorough mixing, the solvent may be removed by, for example, distillation. The invention further relates to a process for preparing an LC medium of the invention.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the LC media of the present invention may also comprise, for example, compounds in which H, N, O, Cl, F have been replaced by the corresponding isotopes.

The structure of the LC display of the present invention corresponds to the common geometry of PSA displays, as set forth in the prior art cited at the outset. The geometry without protrusions is preferred, especially for those in which the electrodes on the side of the color filter are unstructured and the electrodes on the TFT side only have slots. Particularly suitable and preferred electrode structures for PSA-VA displays are described, for example, in US 2006/0066793 A1.

The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it. However, such examples show a preferred mixture of concepts for those skilled in the art with respect to the preferred compounds and their corresponding concentrations and combinations thereof. In addition, these examples illustrate the features and combinations of features that are available.

Use the following abbreviation:

(n, m, z: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 independently of each other in each case)

Table A

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium of the invention comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds of Table A.

Table B

Table B shows possible pair of palmitic dopants that can be added to the LC media of the present invention.

The LC medium preferably comprises from 0% to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.01% to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.1% to 3% by weight, of dopant. The LC medium preferably comprises one or more dopants selected from the group consisting of the compounds of Table B.

Table C

Table C shows possible stabilizers that can be added to the LC media of the present invention.

(n herein represents an integer from 1 to 12, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, and the terminal methyl group is not shown).

The LC medium preferably comprises from 0% to 10% by weight, in particular from 1 ppm to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 1 ppm to 1% by weight, of stabilizer. The LC medium preferably includes one or more stabilizers selected from the group consisting of the compounds of Table C.

Table D

Table D shows illustrative compounds useful in the LC media of the present invention, preferably as reactive liquid crystal precursors.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid crystalline precursor medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of Table D.

In addition, the following abbreviations and symbols are used: V ₀ 20 ° C threshold voltage, capacitance [V] n _e 20 ° C and extraordinary refractive index at 589 nm, n _o 20 ° C and 905 nm ordinary refractive index, Δn 20 ℃ and 589 under the optical anisotropy nm, ε _⊥ ℃ at 20 is 1 kHz and perpendicular to the director of the dielectric conductivity of the vector, ε _∥ parallel to the director in the electric conductivity of the dielectric 20 is ℃ and at 1 kHz, Δε Dielectric anisotropy at 20 ° C and 1 kHz, cl.p., T (N, I) clearing point [°C], γ ₁ rotational viscosity at 20 ° C [mPa‧s], K _{1 at} 20 ° C Elastic constant, "expanded" deformation [pN], K ₂ elastic constant at 20 ° C, "twisted" deformation [pN], K ₃ elastic constant at 20 ° C, "bending" deformation [pN], unless otherwise specified Note that otherwise all concentrations in this application are quoted in weight percent and relate to the corresponding bulk mixture, ie, LC media containing all solid or liquid crystal components without solvent.

All temperature values indicated in this application (eg, melting point T(C,N), transition point T(S,N) from the smectic (S) phase to the nematic (N) phase, unless otherwise expressly stated otherwise) And the clearing point T(N, I)) is quoted in degrees Celsius (°C). M.p. indicates the melting point, cl.p.=clear bright spot. Further, C = crystalline state, N = nematic phase, S = dish phase and I = isotropic phase. The data between the symbols represents the transition temperature.

Unless otherwise stated, all physical properties in each case have been determined and applied to temperatures of 20 ° C according to "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals" (Status Nov. 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany), and The Δn system was measured at 589 nm and the Δε system was measured at 1 kHz.

Unless otherwise expressly indicated otherwise, for the purposes of the present invention, the term "threshold voltage" system on the capacitive threshold (V _0), also known as Frederick Kezi (Freedericks) threshold. In the example, the optical threshold of the 10% relative contrast ratio (C1 ₀ ) can also be quoted as usual.

The display for measuring the capacitive threshold voltage consists of two plane-parallel glass outer plates with a spacing of 20 μm, each with an electrode layer inside and an unfriction polyimine alignment layer on the top, which can be realized The vertical edges of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned.

The display or test unit for measuring the tilt angle consists of two plane-parallel glass outer plates spaced 4 μm apart, each having an electrode layer inside and an unfriction polyimide-aligned layer on top. Wherein the two polyimide layers are rubbed antiparallel to each other and vertical edge alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be achieved.

The polymerizable compound is polymerized in a display or test unit by irradiation with UVA light of defined intensity (typically 365 nm) for a predetermined time, wherein a voltage is applied to the display at the same time (typically 10 V to 30 V AC, 1 kHz) ). In these examples, a 28 mW/cm ² mercury vapor lamp was used and the intensity was measured using a standard UV meter (Ushio UNI type meter) equipped with a 365 nm bandpass filter unless otherwise indicated.

The tilt angle was measured by a rotary crystal experiment (Autronic-Melchers TBA-105). At this low value (i.e., an angle that is larger than the 90° angle) corresponds to a large tilt.

The VHR value was measured by adding 0.3% of a polymerizable monomer compound to the LC host mixture, and introducing the resulting mixture into a TN-VHR test unit (friction at 90 ° C, TN-polyimine alignment layer, layer Thickness d 6 μm). The HR value was measured at 100 ° C before and after UV exposure for 2 h (exposure test) at 1 V, 60 Hz, 64 μs pulse (measuring instrument: Autronic-Melchers VHRM-105).

To study the low temperature stability (also known as "LTS"), that is, the stability of spontaneous solidification of the LC mixture to individual components at low temperatures, the bottle containing 1 g of LC/RM mixture was stored at -10 ° C and Check regularly if the mixture has crystallized.

Example 1 2-(2-methylpropenyloxy)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindol-2-yl methacrylate 1.1 2,7-diiodo-4,5,9,10- Tetrahydropurine

7.70 g (36.2 mmol) of 4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindole, 3.30 g (14.5 mmol) of periodic acid and 9.00 g (35.5 mmol) of iodine in 2.2 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and 15 ml of water were stored at 70 °C. Heat in a solution of 70 ml of glacial acetic acid for 1 h. The solution was then added to ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic phases were washed with dilute sodium hydrogensulfite solution and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was chromatographed eluting with toluene/heptane (2:1). The crude product was crystallized from heptane / toluene (1:1) to afford 2,7-diiodo-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindole as a colorless solid.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ )

δ = 2.80 ppm (s, 8 H, CH ₂ ), 7.43 (s, 4 H, Ar-H).

1.2 4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindole-2,7-diol

First, 3.20 g (6.80 mmol) of 2,7-diiodo-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroanthracene was introduced into 40 ml of dioxane, and 1.50 g (26.7 mmol) of potassium hydroxide was added to 20 ml of water. Solution, 300 mg (0.522 mmol) of bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium and 450 mg of 2-di-t-butylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl at 80 ° C The batch was heated for 3 h. The solution was then diluted with 100 ml of toluene and extracted with water. The combined aqueous phases were acidified using dilute aqueous HCl and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with water and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was chromatographed eluted with EtOAc/EtOAc (EtOAc:EtOAc) , 10-tetrahydroindole-2,7-diol.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ )

δ = 2.80 ppm (s, 8 H, CH ₂ ), 4.73 (s, 2 H, OH), 6.54 (s, 4 H, Ar-H).

1.3 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 7-(2-methylpropenyloxy)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroinden-2-yl ester

900 mg (3.55 mmol) of 4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindole-2,7-diol was suspended in 15 ml of dichloromethane, 1.3 ml of pyridine and 50 mg of DMAP were added, and then cooled under ice cooling. A solution of 1.5 g (9 mmol) of acrylic anhydride in 25 ml of dichloromethane was added dropwise. After 30 min, the cooling was removed and the batch was stirred at room temperature overnight. Subsequently, the solution was filtered by means of silica gel, the eluent was evaporated, and the crude product was recrystallized from heptane/toluene to give mp 146 ° C as colorless crystals of 2-(2-methylpropenyloxy)-4. 5,9,10-tetrahydroindol-2-yl ester.

Example 2 2-[4-(2-methylpropenyloxy)but-1-ynyl]-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroinden-2-yl methacrylate 2.1 2,7-Dibromo-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroanthracene

First, 20.6 g (94.6 mmol) of 4,5,9,10-tetrahydroanthracene was introduced into 160 ml of trimethyl phosphate, and 17 ml (332 mmol) of bromine was added at a rate of not more than 25 ° C under slow cooling. A solution of 40 ml of trimethyl phosphate. The batch was stirred for a further 3 h and added to 800 ml of ice water, and excess bromine was decomposed by the addition of sodium hydrogen sulfite solution. After 15 min, the product was precipitated by suction filtration, dissolved in toluene under heating, filtered through silica gel and recrystallized from toluene/heptane (1:1) to give 2,7-dibromo as colorless crystals. -4,5,9,10-tetrahydroanthracene.

2.2 7-Bromo-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindol-2-phenol

First, 6.40 g (16.9 mmol) of 2,7-dibromo-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindole and 7 ml (30 mmol) of triisopropyl borate were introduced into 200 ml of THF at -70 °C. 15 ml (24 mmol) of a 15% solution of n-butyllithium in hexane was added. When the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred for further 1 h, then hydrolyzed with 2 M hydrochloric acid, thawed and extracted twice with MTB ether. The combined organic phases were evaporated, and the residue was suspended in a mixture of 100 ml of toluene, 20 ml of 2 M sodium hydroxide solution and 20 ml of water with vigorous stirring, and 10 ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide was slowly added at 40 °C. When the addition was complete, the batch was stirred for an additional 1 h, added to 100 mL water and acidified with 2 M hydrochloric acid. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic phases were washed with a solution of ammonium iron (II) sulfate and a saturated sodium chloride solution and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was crystallised from methylene chloride, and the crude product was recrystallized from toluene to afford 7-bromo-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindole-2-ol as colorless crystals.

2.3 7-(4-Hydroxybut-1-ynyl)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindol-2-phenol

First, 8.80 g (28.3 mmol) of 7-bromo-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindol-2-phenol was introduced into 100 ml of THF, and 1.7 g (2.42 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride was added. (II), 0.4 g (2.10 mmol) of copper (I) iodide and 11 ml of diisopropylamine, and then 5.0 g (78.3 mmol) of 1-butyne was added dropwise at 65 ° C for 1 h. A solution in 20 ml of THF. When the addition was complete, the batch was stirred for a further 2 h, added to water and acidified using 2N hydrochloric acid. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic phases were washed with water and dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was filtered with EtOAc (EtOAc) (EtOAc:EtOAc)

2.4 2-[4-(2-Methylpropenyloxy)but-1-ynyl]-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroinden-2-yl methacrylate

In a similar manner to Example 1, 7-(4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroinden-2-phenol produced a colorless crystalline 2-methyl acrylate at 121 ° C. 7-[4-(2-Methylpropenyloxy)but-1-ynyl]-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroinden-2-yl ester.

Example 3 2-methyl-acrylic acid 4-[7-(2-methylpropenyloxy)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroinden-2-yl]butyl ester 3.1 7-(4-Hydroxybutyl)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindol-2-phenol

7-(4-Hydroxybut-1-ynyl)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindol-2-phenol was hydrogenated to completion on THF in THF/activated carbon. The catalyst was filtered off, the solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was crystallised from toluene to afford 7-(4-hydroxybutyl)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindole-2-ol as a colorless solid.

3.2 2-[7-(2-Methylpropenyloxy)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroinden-2-yl]butyl methacrylate

In a similar manner to Example 1, 7-(4-hydroxybutyl)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindol-2-phenol produced mp 110 ° C colorless crystalline 2-methyl acrylate 4-[7 -(2-Methylacryloxy)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydroindol-2-yl]butyl ester.

Example 4 4-,4-dimethyl-6-(2-methylpropenyloxy)-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthr-2-yl methacrylate 4.1 2,6-Dibromo-4,4-dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene

First, 3.50 g (19.9 mmol) of 4,4-dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene (CAS number 1035304-31-4) was introduced into trimethyl phosphate, and at 25 A solution of 3.5 ml (68 mmol) of bromine in 10 ml of trimethyl phosphate was added dropwise with gentle cooling at °C. The batch was stirred at room temperature for 4 h and added to 150 ml of ice water and 100 ml of toluene, and excess bromine was removed using sodium bisulfite solution. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted once with toluene. The combined organic phases were washed with water and dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was filtered through toluene / heptane (1:1) eluting with EtOAc (EtOAc) eluting from toluene/hexanes (1:1) to give 2,6-dibromo-4,4-dimethyl-8 as colorless crystals. 9-Dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene.

¹ H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl ₃ )

δ = 1.48 ppm (s, 6 H, CH ₃ ), 3.08 (s, 4 H, CH ₂ ), 7.24 (s, 2 H, Ar-H), 7.33 (s, 2 H, Ar-H).

4.2 4,4-Dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene-2,6-diol

In a similar manner to the synthesis described in Example 1.2, 2,6-dibromo-4,4-dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene produces colorless crystals 4,4- Dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene-2,6-diol.

¹ H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃ )

δ = 1.46 ppm (s, 6 H, CH ₃ ), 3.04 (s, 4 H, CH ₂ ), 4.59 (s, br. 2 H, OH), 6.55 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2 H, Ar -H), 6.67 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2 H, Ar-H).

4.3 2-Dimethyl 4-(2-methylpropenyloxy)-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthr-2-yl methacrylate

In a similar manner to Example 1, 4,4-dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene-2,6-diol produced a colorless crystalline 2-methyl group at mp 77 °C. 4,4-Dimethyl-6-(2-methylpropenyloxy)-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthr-2-yl acrylate.

Example 5 4-,4-dimethyl-6-(2-methylpropenyloxy)-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthr-2-yl methacrylate 5.1 2,6-Dibromo-4,4-dimethyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene

First, 2.20 g (5.82 mmol) of 2,6-dibromo-4,4-dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene, 1.10 g (6.18 mmol) of N-bromoarene The imine and 50 mg of azobis(isobutyronitrile) were introduced into 30 ml of carbon tetrachloride and slowly heated to boiling. After 3 h, the batch was cooled to 60 ° C, a solution of 1.5 g of sodium acetate in 20 ml of glacial acetic acid was added, and then the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C for 4 h. The solution was then added to dichloromethane, washed twice with water, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was filtered with EtOAc (EtOAc) elute elute elute

¹ H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ₃ )

δ = 1.66 ppm (s, 6 H, CH ₃ ), 7.67 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 2 H, Ar-H), 7.77 (s, 2 H, Ar-H), 7.97 (d, J = 1.2) Hz, 2H, Ar-H).

5.2 4,4-Dimethyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene-2,6-diol

In a similar manner to the synthesis described in Example 1.2, 2,6-dibromo-4,4-dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene produces colorless crystals 4,4- Dimethyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene-2,6-diol.

5.3 2-Methyl methacrylate 4,4-dimethyl-6-(2-methylpropenyloxy)-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthr-2-yl ester

In a similar manner to Example 1, 4,4-dimethyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene-2,6-diol produces mp 170 ° C colorless crystalline 2-methyl methacrylate 4,4-dimethyl Base-6-(2-methacryloxy)-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthr-2-yl ester.

Use example 1

The nematic LC mixture N1 is formulated as follows:

0.3% of the polymerizable monomer compound from the examples shown below was added to the LC mixture N1, and the resulting mixture was introduced into a VA e/o test unit (by antiparallel rubbing, VA-polyimine alignment layer, Layer thickness d 4 μm). The unit was irradiated with UV light having an intensity of 50 mW/cm ² under a voltage of 24 V (alternating current) for the indicated time, thereby polymerizing the monomer compound. The tilt angle was measured by a rotary crystal experiment (Autronic-Melchers TBA-105) before and after UV irradiation.

To determine the rate of polymerization, the residual content of unpolymerized RM (in % by weight) in the test unit was measured by HPLC method after different exposure times. To this end, each mixture was polymerized in the test unit under the indicated conditions. The mixture was then rinsed from the test unit using methyl ethyl ketone and measured.

For comparison purposes, the above experiments were carried out using polymerizable compounds C1-C3 known from the prior art.

The tilt angle results are summarized in Table 1. The RM concentrations after different exposure times are summarized in Table 2.

Table 1 (t = exposure time)

Table 2 (t = exposure time)

As can be seen from Table 1, the small tilt angle after polymerization was achieved more quickly using the inventive monomers from Examples 1-5 as compared to the monomers C1-C3 from the prior art. As can be seen from Table 2, in addition, a significantly faster polymerization rate was achieved with the inventive monomers from Examples 1-3 compared to the monomers C1-C3.

Claims (15)

a use of a compound of formula I, Wherein individual groups have the following meanings: W ¹ and W ² each independently represent -CY ₂ CY ₂ - or -C(R ^c R ^d )-, Y represents H or F identically or differently on each occurrence, R ^a and R ^b each independently represent P-Sp-, H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ₂ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, SF ₅ , and have 1 to a linear or branched alkyl group of 25 C atoms, in addition, one or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may each independently extend an aryl group in such a manner that the O and/or S atoms are not directly connected to each other. , -C(R ⁰ )=C(R ⁰⁰ )-, -C≡C-, -N(R ⁰ )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O- CO-, -O-CO-O- substitution, and additionally, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN or P-Sp-; or preferably have 2 to 25 C atoms An aryl or heteroaryl group which may also contain two or more fused rings and optionally substituted by L, wherein at least one of the groups R ^a and R ^b Represents or contains a group P-Sp-, R ^c , R ^d , R ^e each independently representing H or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, P being the same at each occurrence Or different Represents a polymerizable group, Sp represents the same or different spacer group or a single bond at each occurrence, A ^1, A ² each independently represents an aromatic preferably having 4-25 C atoms, heteroaromatic An alicyclic or heterocyclic group which may also contain a fused ring which is optionally substituted by L or L, each of which represents the same or different meaning of P-Sp-, OH, CH ₂ OH, Halogen, -CN, -NO ₂ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R ^x ) ₂ , -C(=O)Y ¹ , -C(=O)R ^x , -N(R ^x ) ₂ , optionally substituted methylidene or optionally substituted carbon or hydrocarbyl, R ^x represents P-Sp-, H, halogen, having from 1 to 25, preferably 1 a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group of up to 12 C atoms, in addition, one or more of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be such that O and/or S atoms are not directly connected to each other via -O- , -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, and in addition, one or more of the H atoms may be F, Cl or P-Sp- Alternatively, Y ¹ represents a halogen, and Z ¹ and Z ² each independently represent -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -SCH ₂ -, -C H ₂ S-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF ₂ -, -CF ₂ S-, -SCF ₂ -, -(CH ₂ ) _n -, -CF ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CF ₂ -, - (CF ₂ ) _n -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH= CH-, -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -COO-, -OCO-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -, -C(R ⁰ R ⁰⁰ )-, -C(R ^y R ^z )- or a single bond, R ⁰ , R Each of ^{00 is} independently or independently of each other and represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, and R ^y , R ^z each independently represent H, F, CH ₃ or CF ₃ , n 1, 2, 3 or 4, identically or differently, each occurrence, p, q each independently representing 0, 1 or 2, r being identically or differently representing 0, 1 or 2 on each occurrence, Compounds are used in LC media and PS or PSA type LC displays. The use of claim 1, wherein the compound of the formula I is selected from the group consisting of Formula IA Wherein R ^a , R ^b , W ¹ , W ² , A ¹ , A ² , Z ¹ , Z ² , L, p, q and r have the meanings as indicated in claim 1. The use of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the compounds of the formulae I and IA, A ¹ and A ² each independently represent 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl or naphthalene. a -2,6-diyl group, wherein one or more CH groups of the groups may be replaced by N; cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, in addition, one or more of which are not adjacent The CH ₂ group may be replaced by O and/or S; 1,4-cyclohexyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1, 4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, hexahydropyridine-1,4-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetra Hydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, indoline-2,5-diyl, octahydro-4,7-methylenedihydroindole-2,5-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl , 蒽-2,7-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl, 6H-benzo[c] Alkene-3,8-diyl, 9H-indole-2,7-diyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-indole-2,7-diyl, dibenzofuran-3,7-diyl 2-sided oxy-2H- Ace-7-yl, 4-phenyl-2-oxo-2H- Alk-7-yl, 4-sided oxy-4H- Ace-6-yl, 4-phenyl-4-o-oxy-4H- An alkene-6-yl group in which all such groups may be unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by L, and wherein among all such groups, cyclohexane and an aromatic group are excellent, and L represents P-Sp- , OH, CH ₂ OH, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ₂ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R ^x ) ₂ , -C( =O)Y ¹ , -C(=O)R ^x , -N(R ^x ) ₂ , optionally substituted isnzinyl, optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms, having 1 a linear or branched alkenyl group having 25 or more preferably 1 to 12 C atoms, or a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 25, 2 to 12 C atoms a group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group or an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, in addition, one or more of the H atoms of all of the groups may be F, Cl, P or P- Sp-substitution, where R ^x and Y ¹ have the meanings indicated in claim 1. The use of the compound of claim 1 or 2 for use in the PS or PSA type LC display, the display comprising an LC cell having two substrates and two electrodes and a polymeric component disposed between the substrates And an LC dielectric layer of a low molecular weight component, wherein at least one of the substrates is transparent and at least one of the substrates has one or two electrodes, wherein the polymeric component is preferably applied by applying voltage to the electrodes by using the LC medium Obtained by polymerizing one or more polymerizable compounds between the substrates of the LC unit, wherein at least one of the polymerizable compounds is a polymerizable compound as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 3. The use of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula CY and/or PY: Where individual groups have the following meanings: a for 1 or 2 and b for 0 or 1, Express or R ¹ and R ² each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, and further, one or two of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be such that O atoms are not directly connected to each other via -O-, -CH=CH-, -CO-, -O-CO- or -CO-O- instead, Z ^x represents -CH=CH-, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -CF ₂ O-, - OCF ₂ -, -O-, -CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ - or a single bond, preferably a single bond, and L ^1-4 each independently represent F, Cl, OCF ₃ , CF ₃ , CH ₃ , CH ₂ F, CHF ₂ . The use of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula: Some of these groups have the following meanings: Express , , , Express or And R ³ and R ⁴ each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, and further, one or two of the non-adjacent CH ₂ groups may be such that O atoms are not directly connected to each other via -O- , -CH=CH-, -CO-, -O-CO- or -CO-O- instead, Z ^y represents -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH=CH-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF ₂ - , -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -COO-, -OCO-, -C ₂ F ₄ -, -CF=CF- or a single bond. An LC display according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The LC display of claim 7 is characterized in that it is a PSA-VA, PSA-OCB, PSA-IPS, PSA-FFS, PSA-positive-VA or PSA-TN display. An LC medium comprising one or more polymerizable compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The LC medium of claim 9, comprising an polymerizable component A) comprising one or more polymerizable compounds, and a liquid crystal component B) comprising one or more low molecular weight compounds, characterized in that component A) comprises One or more polymerizable compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The LC medium of claim 9 or 10, wherein component B) comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of CY, PY and ZK as defined in claim 5 or 6. A compound of formula I or IA as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, Wherein R ^a , R ^b , W ¹ , W ² , A ¹ , A ² , Z ¹ , Z ² , L, p, q and r have the meanings as indicated in claim 1. a compound of formula II or IIA, Wherein W ¹ , W ² , Sp, A ¹ , A ² , Z ¹ , Z ² , L, p, q, and r have the meanings as indicated in any one of claims 1 to 3, and each of G and G' The H atom or the protecting group is represented independently of each other. A process for the preparation of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the corresponding acid, acid derivative or halogenated compound containing the group P is esterified or etherified in the presence of a dehydrating reagent as claimed in claim 13 Compound. A method for manufacturing a PS type or PSA type LC display, which will be The LC medium of any one of claims 9 to 11 is introduced into an LC cell having two substrates and two electrodes and preferably polymerizes the polymerizable compounds by applying a voltage to the electrodes, wherein at least one of the substrates is transparent to light. And at least one of the substrates has one or two electrodes.