TWI517550B - Voltage regulator and building-voltage circuit for preventing leakage current - Google Patents

Description

Voltage regulator and voltage building circuit

The present invention relates to a voltage regulator, and more particularly to a voltage regulator having a leakage prevention current and a voltage building circuit.

The generators used in the automobile can generate electricity as long as the engine is running. After power generation, the power supply bottle is charged and used in other electrical equipment on the car. Usually, the car will control the operation of the generator by setting a voltage regulator to maintain the output voltage generated by the generator operation within the operating voltage range.

Simply put, the general voltage regulator is connected to the output of the generator through the indicator light and the start switch of the vehicle. The voltage regulator can receive the current provided by the warning light when the vehicle is started, and adjust the current flowing through the excitation coil of the generator by controlling the conduction and the cut-off operation of the power switch, thereby adjusting the power generation amount of the generator. When the output voltage of the generator output is too high, the voltage regulator will cut off the power switch to reduce the current of the excitation coil. When the output voltage of the generator output is too low, the voltage regulator will turn on the power switch and control the flow. The magnitude of the current through the excitation coil to adjust the amount of power generated by the generator. Therefore, the voltage regulator can be used to stabilize the output voltage of the generator to ensure that the internal power supply of the vehicle can be maintained at a comparable level so that the electrical equipment in the vehicle can operate normally.

Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional single-function voltage regulation system. The single function adjustment system 1 includes a voltage regulator 10, a generator 11, an indicator light 12, a start switch 14, and a battery 13. The voltage regulator 10 further includes an excitation drive circuit 101 and The control circuit 102 and the switch connector IG are adjusted. The voltage regulator 10 is coupled to the generator 11 and the battery 13 . The excitation driving circuit 101 is coupled to the adjustment control circuit 102.

However, in the conventional voltage regulator 10 having the switch connector IG, the excitation driver circuit 101 of the voltage regulator 10 adds a resistor (not shown) to the switch connector IG to change the magnitude of the resistor. The excitation current, in turn, reaches the low power generation voltage required by each vehicle manufacturer. However, when the design of the vehicle manufacturer is different, the voltage regulator without the switch connector IG cannot adjust the resistance value and increase the additional current through the resistance set on the line of the corresponding switch connector IG in the vehicle.

In view of this, the present invention provides a voltage regulator that enables the generator to establish a voltage at low rotational speeds with or without a switch connector.

The embodiment of the invention provides a voltage regulator coupled to the generator, the starting end and the power end. The voltage regulator includes an adjustment control circuit and a voltage building circuit. The adjustment control circuit includes an excitation drive unit, and the voltage building circuit includes an adjustment unit. The excitation driving unit is coupled to the excitation coil of the generator, and the voltage forming circuit is coupled to the power end and the starting end. The excitation drive unit receives the voltage at the power supply terminal and generates an excitation current. The voltage building circuit receives the voltage output from the power terminal and the starting voltage of the output of the starting terminal to drive the voltage building circuit. The adjustment unit generates an extra current through the driving voltage and the starting voltage, and the additional current causes the generator to establish a voltage at a low speed.

The embodiment of the invention provides a voltage building circuit, which is coupled to a power supply end and a starting end, and includes a leakage preventing current unit and an adjusting unit. The leakage prevention current unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, an NPN transistor, and a PNP transistor. The adjusting unit is coupled to the collector of the NPN transistor, and generates an additional current through the driving voltage and the starting voltage. When the NPN transistor is turned on with the PNP transistor, the driving voltage of the voltage regulator is passed through the additional current generated by the adjusting unit to cause the generator to establish a voltage at a low speed and avoid leakage. Current is generated.

In summary, the voltage regulator and the voltage building circuit provided by the embodiments of the present invention can enable the voltage regulator with or without the switch connector to achieve the requirement of low power generation voltage. In addition, the voltage regulator of the present invention can achieve the purpose of low power generation voltage rotation without additional parts. Through the circuit design of the present invention, in addition to achieving a low power generation voltage speed, leakage current can be prevented.

The detailed description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are to be understood by the claims The scope is subject to any restrictions.

1, 2, 3‧‧‧ voltage regulation system

10, 20, 30‧‧‧ voltage regulator

11, 21, 31‧‧‧ generator

12, 22, 32‧‧‧ indicator lights

13, 23, 33‧‧‧ batteries

14, 24, 34‧‧‧ start switch

101‧‧‧Excitation drive circuit

102, 202, 302‧‧‧ adjustment control circuit

201, 301‧‧‧voltage circuit

2011, 3011‧‧‧ adjustment unit

2012, 3012‧‧‧Signal Stabilization Unit

2013, 3013‧‧‧ leakage current unit

3021‧‧‧Excitation drive unit

3022‧‧‧Excitation control unit

3022a‧‧ ‧ sub-voltage circuit

311‧‧‧Three-phase stator coil

312‧‧‧Exciting coil

313‧‧‧Rectifier unit

IG‧‧‧Switch connector

B+‧‧‧ power terminal

L‧‧‧Starter

D+‧‧‧ positive terminal

F‧‧‧Magnetic field terminal

R1~R3, R4, R6‧‧‧ resistance

Ra‧‧‧Adjusting resistance

ZD1‧‧‧ Regulators

D1, D3~D4‧‧‧ diode

Q1, Q3‧‧‧NPN transistor

Q2‧‧‧PNP transistor

Q4‧‧‧Power switch

GND‧‧‧ ground terminal

1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional single-function voltage regulation system; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage-building circuit and a voltage regulation system thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 3 is a detailed circuit diagram of a voltage regulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Various illustrative embodiments are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the inventive concept may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the illustrative embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided so that this invention will be in the In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Similar numbers always indicate similar components.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, such elements are not limited by the terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the inventive concept. As used herein, the term "or" may include any one or more of the associated listed items, depending on the circumstances. There are combinations.

Please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage building circuit and a voltage regulating system thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention. The voltage regulation system 2 includes a voltage regulator 20, a generator 21, an indicator light 22, a start switch 24, and a battery 23. The voltage regulator 20 includes a voltage building circuit 201 and an adjustment control circuit 202. The generator 21 is coupled to the voltage regulator 20 through the power terminal B+, the starting terminal L, the positive terminal D+, and the magnetic field terminal F. The battery 23 is coupled to the power terminal B+, and the indicator light 22 is coupled to the starting end L.

In the voltage regulator 20, when the power supply terminal B+ supplies the driving voltage to the adjustment control circuit 202, the battery 23 supplies the startup voltage to the build-up circuit 201 via the start terminal L. The battery 23 provides a starting voltage to drive the build-up circuit 201 to generate additional current, and provides additional current to the generator 21, which increases the exciting current generated by the regulating control circuit 202 by the additional current, so that the generator 21 establishes the voltage at a low rotational speed. And it starts to work.

More specifically, the build-up circuit 201 includes an adjustment unit 2011, a signal stabilization unit 2012, and a leakage prevention current unit 2013. The signal stabilization unit 2012 is coupled to the startup terminal L. The leakage prevention current unit 2013 is coupled to the power supply terminal B+ and the signal stabilization unit 2012. The adjustment unit 2011 is coupled between the leakage prevention current unit 2013 and the positive terminal D+. In the embodiment of the present invention, the signal stabilization unit 2012 is configured to adjust the startup voltage provided by the power supply terminal B+ from the startup terminal L to stabilize it. The leakage preventing current unit 2013 is configured to prevent leakage current generation when the voltage generating circuit 201 receives the starting voltage supplied from the power terminal B+ from the starting terminal L to drive it to be turned on. In addition, while the voltage building circuit 201 receives the starting voltage supplied from the power terminal B+ from the starting terminal L, an additional current is outputted via the positive terminal D+ to the generator 21. That is to say, the additional current is equal to the current in the conventional mode, which provides an excitation current to the excitation coil (not shown) of the generator 21 through the indicator light 22 and the switch connector (not shown) to start the generator to generate electricity. The adjustment unit 2011 is used to adjust the required additional current and output to the generator 21 via the positive terminal D+, causing the generator 21 to establish a voltage at a low rotational speed and start operating.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the voltage regulator 20 can be applied to 12 volts (V) or 24 Volt car voltage. That is, the battery 23 is supplied with a driving voltage of 12V or 24V. The indicator light 22 can be a 3 watt warning light to activate the generator 21 to generate electricity when the vehicle is started. In other embodiments, the rated power of the warning light may also be a 2 watt bulb or a high-brightness light-emitting diode (LED). The present invention is merely illustrative and does not limit.

The circuit of the voltage regulation system and the operation flow will be further explained in further detail. Please refer to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a detailed circuit diagram of a voltage regulating system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The voltage regulation system 3 includes a voltage regulator 30, a generator 31, an indicator light 32, a start switch 34, and a battery 33. The voltage regulator 30 includes a voltage building circuit 301, an adjustment control circuit 302, a diode D3, and a resistor R6. The generator 21 is coupled to the voltage regulator 30 through the power terminal B+, the starting terminal L, the positive terminal D+, and the magnetic field terminal F. The battery 33 is coupled to the power terminal B+, and the indicator light 32 is coupled to the starting terminal L.

In the voltage regulator 30, the resistor R6 is coupled between the power terminal B+ and the regulation control circuit 302. The battery 33 supplies a driving voltage from the power supply terminal B+ and transmits it to the adjustment control circuit 302 through the resistor R6. The adjustment control circuit 302 further generates an excitation current that is transmitted to the generator 31 via the magnetic field terminal F. That is, a field current path is formed from the power supply terminal B+ via the resistor R6 and the adjustment control circuit 302. On the other hand, the voltage building circuit 301 is coupled to the power terminal B+, the starting terminal L, and the positive terminal D+. In addition, the diode D3 is used to limit the current direction, and the current output from the adjusting unit 3011 is prevented from flowing back to the starting end L. In application, a diode can be coupled between the resistor R6 and the adjustment control circuit 302 to limit the direction of the current path, and the power supply terminal B+ is prevented from being interfered by the output signals of other voltage sources.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the internal components of the voltage building circuit 301 are the same as the internal components of the voltage building circuit 201 of FIG. 2, and will be further adjusted for the signal stabilization unit 3012, the leakage current prevention unit 3013 in FIG. Unit 3011 is described in more detail.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the signal stabilization unit 3012 is a resistor R3. The resistor R3 has a first end and a second end, and the first end is coupled to the start end L and the ground end GND, The two ends are coupled to the leakage preventing current unit 3013. The signal stabilization unit 3012 is configured to adjust the startup voltage provided by the power supply terminal B+ from the startup terminal L to stabilize it. In an application, the signal stabilizing unit 3012 may further include another resistor R4, the resistor R4 having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled to the first end of the resistor R3 or the second end of the resistor R3, The two ends are coupled to the ground GND. The present invention has been described by way of illustration only and not as a limitation.

The leakage prevention current unit 3013 includes resistors R1 to R2, an NPN transistor Q1, and a PNP transistor Q2. The resistor R1 has a first end and a second end, and the first end is coupled to the power terminal B+. The resistor R2 has a first end and a second end, and the first end is coupled to the second end of the resistor R1. The collector of the NPN transistor Q1 is coupled to the second terminal of the resistor R2, the emitter of the NPN transistor Q1 is coupled to the ground GND, and the base of the NPN transistor Q1 is coupled to the second terminal of the resistor R3. The emitter of the PNP transistor Q2 is coupled to the power supply terminal B+, and the collector of the PNP transistor Q2 is coupled to the adjustment unit 3011. The base of the NPN transistor Q2 is coupled to the second terminal of the resistor R1. In more detail, when the build-up circuit 301 receives the start voltage supplied from the power supply terminal B+ from the start terminal L to drive it on, leakage current is prevented from being generated. In addition, the turned-on NPN transistor Q1 connects the base of the PNP transistor Q2 to the ground GND through the resistors R1 and R2, and its potential is almost zero potential, so the PNP transistor Q2 also enters a conducting state. At the same time, the power supply terminal B+ provides a driving voltage to the adjustment unit 3011 via the PNP transistor Q2. Therefore, the leakage current of the voltage regulator 30 can be prevented from being transmitted through the PNP transistor Q2 and the NPN transistor Q1. In addition, while the voltage building circuit 301 receives the starting voltage supplied from the power terminal B+ from the starting terminal L to the base of the NPN transistor Q1, an additional current is outputted via the positive terminal D+ to the generator 31.

The adjustment unit 3011 includes an adjustment resistor Ra and a diode D1. The adjustment resistor Ra has a first end and a second end. The first end is coupled to the collector of the PNP transistor Q2, and the second end is coupled to the anode of the diode D1. Adjust the value of the additional current by adjusting the resistance of the adjustment resistor Ra. More specifically, the magnitude of the additional current output by the adjustment unit 3011 is adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the adjustment resistor Ra. Yin of diode D1 The pole is coupled to the positive terminal D+. When the PNP transistor Q2 is turned on to receive the driving voltage from the power terminal B+, the adjusting unit 3011 is used to adjust the required additional current, and is output to the generator 31 via the positive terminal D+, so that the generator 31 is established at a low speed. The voltage starts to work.

The adjustment control circuit 302 includes an excitation drive unit 3021 and an excitation control unit 3022. The generator 31 includes a three-phase stator coil 311, an exciting coil 312, and a rectifying unit 313. The excitation control unit 3022 is coupled to the power supply terminal B2, and the excitation drive unit 3021 is coupled to the excitation control unit 3022. The excitation coil 312 is coupled to the excitation drive unit 3021 via the magnetic field terminal F. The three-phase stator coil 311 of the generator 31 is electrically connected to the rectifying unit 313. The rectifying unit 313 of the generator 31 is respectively coupled to the power terminal B+, the positive terminal D+, and the ground GND. The rectifying unit 313 of the generator 31 includes a rectifier and three exciting diodes. The three-phase rectifier is composed of three pairs of two rectifying diode circuits connected in series with each other, and the three-phase rectifier is used for rectifying the three-phase alternating current generated by the three-phase stator coil 311. Each pair of rectifier diode series circuits is further coupled in series between the power supply terminal B+ and the ground terminal GND. The three excitation diodes are respectively coupled between the three-phase stator coil 311 and the power terminal B+. Specifically, the anode of each of the excitation diodes is coupled to one of the phase stator coils of the three-phase stator coil 311, and the cathode of each of the excitation diodes is coupled to the power supply terminal B+.

The power terminal B+ of the generator 31 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the rectifying unit and the positive terminal D+ of the voltage regulator 30, and is used to supply an exciting current to the exciting coil 312 under normal power generation of the generator 31. The power terminal B+ of the generator 31 is electrically connected to the anode of the battery 33 via the indicator light 32. The power terminal B+ of the generator 31 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery 33 to charge the battery 33 under normal power generation of the generator 31 and to maintain the operation of other electrical equipment on the mobile vehicle. The actual structure and operation mode of the three-phase stator coil 311 and the rectifying unit 313 in the generator 31 are well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be described herein.

When the user turns on, the indicator light 32 is illuminated by the start. At this time, the generator 31 is not yet operated, and the generation voltage is not generated, but is driven by the battery 33. The dynamic voltage is supplied to the voltage dividing sub-circuit 3022a. Since the voltage at the voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing sub-circuit 3022a is lower than the reverse breakdown voltage of the Zener diode ZD1 at this time, the Zener diode ZD1 cannot be turned on, and the NPN transistor Q3 is turned off. The NPN transistor Q3 is turned off so that the power switch Q4 is turned on due to the high voltage level of the gate terminal. The additional current generated by the adjusting unit 3011 has the following current paths: the positive pole (+) of the battery 33, the resistor R6, the power switch Q4, the magnetic field terminal F, the ground terminal GND, and the excitation coil 312 to the battery 33. The negative electrode (-) is used to cause the exciting coil 312 to be excited to generate a sufficient exciting current to drive the generator 31 to start the operation and establish a voltage.

As the generator 31 is started, its rotational speed gradually increases, and the power generation voltage rises as the rotational speed increases. When the generated voltage has risen to be greater than the voltage of the battery, but has not yet reached the upper limit of the adjustment of the voltage regulator 30, the NPN The transistor Q3 is still in an off state, and the power switch Q4 is still in an on state, so that the generator 31 starts charging the battery 33, and the current at this time is supplied by the generator 31, and the excitation current path is sequentially: The anode of the alternator 31 passes through the power terminal B+, the resistor R6, the power switch Q4, the magnetic field terminal F, the ground terminal GND, and the excitation coil 312 to the cathode of the alternator 31. At the same time, the power generation voltage will continue to rise rapidly with the increase of the speed.

Next, when the power generation voltage of the generator 31 rises to be equal to the adjustment upper limit point of the voltage regulator 30, the voltage regulator 30 starts the regulation operation. The off-excitation drive unit 3021 operates in accordance with the established voltage-driven excitation control unit 3022. More specifically, at this time, the voltage at the voltage dividing point of the voltage dividing sub-circuit 3022a causes the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 to collapse in the reverse direction to form a conduction, and the NPN transistor Q3 is turned on. The first transistor Q1 is turned on so that the power switch Q4 is turned off due to the low voltage level of the gate terminal. As a result, the excitation current path is cut off, and since the magnetic field is broken, the magnetic flux is lowered, so that the generator's generated voltage is discharged through the diode D4 and starts to drop.

When the generator voltage drops to be equal to the lower limit of regulation of the voltage regulator 30, the Zener diode ZD1 is again turned off, and the NPN transistor Q3 is also turned off. The power switch Q4 is turned back on, and the excitation current path is restored to conduct, and the power generation voltage of the generator 31 is further increased. By repeating this principle continuously, the power generation voltage of the generator 11 can be controlled within a certain range.

The adjustment upper limit point and the adjustment lower limit point of the present invention can be set according to the actual architecture and operational requirements of the generator 31 and the battery 33. In addition, the excitation driving unit 3021 is a voltage regulating circuit of the generator 31, and the actual structure and the operation mode of the regulating generator 31 are those which should be known to those skilled in the art. The present invention is intended to be illustrative, and is not intended to be limiting.

[The possible effects of the invention]

It is known that the control of the two ends of the indicator light and the start switch can be used to establish the voltage of the generator at a low rotational speed. The voltage regulator and the voltage-building circuit provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be used as long as there is an indicator light. The switch connector can be omitted, so the regulator itself with or without the switch connector can achieve the generator to establish the voltage at low speed. Therefore, the voltage regulator of the present invention can achieve the purpose of low power generation voltage rotation without additional parts, and further, leakage current generation can be prevented by the circuit design of the present invention.

The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any one skilled in the art can easily change or modify it in the field of the present invention. Covered in the following patent scope of this case.

3‧‧‧Voltage regulation system

30‧‧‧Voltage regulator

31‧‧‧Generator

33‧‧‧Battery

32‧‧‧ indicator lights

34‧‧‧Start switch

301‧‧‧Building voltage circuit

3012‧‧‧Signal Stabilization Unit

302‧‧‧Adjustment control circuit

3021‧‧‧Excitation drive unit

3011‧‧‧Adjustment unit

3022a‧‧ ‧ sub-voltage circuit

3013‧‧‧Leakage prevention unit

312‧‧‧Exciting coil

3022‧‧‧Excitation control unit

B+‧‧‧ power terminal

311‧‧‧Three-phase stator coil

D+‧‧‧ positive terminal

313‧‧‧Rectifier unit

R1~R3, R6‧‧‧ resistance

L‧‧‧Starter

ZD1‧‧‧ Regulators

F‧‧‧Magnetic field terminal

Q1, Q3‧‧‧NPN transistor

Ra‧‧‧Adjusting resistance

Q4‧‧‧Power switch

D1, D3~D4‧‧‧ diode

GND‧‧‧ ground terminal

Q2‧‧‧PNP transistor

Claims (8)

A voltage regulator is coupled to a generator, a start end and a power end. The voltage regulator comprises: an adjustment control circuit, comprising: an excitation drive unit coupled to one of the generator excitation coils, receiving One of the power terminals drives a voltage and generates a magnetizing current to drive the exciting coil to be excited; and a voltage building circuit is coupled to the power terminal and the starting end, and the voltage forming circuit receives the output of the power terminal a driving voltage and a starting voltage of the starting end output to drive the voltage forming circuit, the voltage forming circuit comprising: an adjusting unit, and an additional current generated by the driving voltage and the starting voltage, wherein the additional current is The generator establishes a voltage at a low speed; wherein the adjusting unit comprises: an adjusting resistor having a first end and a second end, and adjusting a resistance value of the adjusting resistor to adjust the magnitude of the additional current; The first end of one of the first diodes is coupled to the second end of the adjusting resistor. The voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein the power terminal is coupled to a battery, and the driving voltage provided by the power terminal is 12 volts or 24 volts. The voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein the voltage-stabilizing circuit comprises: a leakage-proof current unit, comprising: a first resistor, wherein the first end of the first resistor is coupled to the power terminal; a second resistor, the first end of the second resistor is coupled to the second end of the first resistor; a PNP transistor, the emitter of the PNP transistor is coupled to the power terminal, and the set of the PNP transistor The pole is coupled to the first end of the adjusting resistor, the base of the PNP transistor is coupled to the second end of the first resistor, and an NPN transistor, the collector of the NPN transistor is coupled to the pole Second electric a second end of the resistor, the emitter of the NPN transistor is coupled to a ground, the base of the NPN transistor is coupled to the start end; wherein the NPN transistor and the PNP transistor are used to avoid the voltage One of the regulators leaks current. The voltage regulator of claim 3, wherein the voltage-stabilizing circuit comprises: a signal stabilizing unit for adjusting the starting voltage received from the starting end, the signal stabilizing unit further comprising: a third resistor, The first end of the third resistor is coupled to the base of the NPN transistor, and the second end of the third resistor is coupled to the start end. The voltage regulator of claim 4, wherein the signal stabilizing unit further comprises: a fourth resistor, wherein the first end of the fourth resistor is coupled to the first end or the second end of the third resistor The second end of the fourth resistor is coupled to the ground. The voltage regulator of claim 3, further comprising: a fifth resistor having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled to the power terminal; and a second diode coupled Connected between the second end of the fifth resistor and the adjustment control circuit; wherein the power terminal transmits the driving voltage to the adjustment control circuit via the fifth resistor and the second diode. The voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein the adjustment control circuit further comprises: an excitation control unit coupled to the power terminal to control the action of the excitation drive unit. A voltage forming circuit is coupled to a power terminal and a starting end, and the voltage forming circuit receives a driving voltage outputted by the power terminal and a starting voltage outputted by the starting terminal to drive the voltage forming circuit The voltage-stabilizing circuit includes: a leakage-proof current unit, comprising: a first resistor, wherein the first end of the first resistor is coupled to the power terminal; a second resistor, the first end of the second resistor is coupled to the second end of the first resistor; a PNP transistor, the emitter of the PNP transistor is coupled to the power terminal, the PNP transistor a base is coupled to the second end of the first resistor; and an NPN transistor, the collector of the NPN transistor is coupled to the second end, and the second end of the resistor is shot by the NPN transistor The pole is coupled to a grounding end, the base of the NPN transistor is coupled to the starting end; and an adjusting unit is coupled to the collector of the NPN transistor, and generates an additional current through the driving voltage and the starting voltage Wherein when the NPN transistor is turned on with the PNP transistor, the additional current generated by the driving voltage through the adjusting unit causes a generator to establish a voltage at a low speed and avoid a leakage current.