TWI502801B - Integrated thermotechnical apparatus of solid oxide fuel cell - Google Patents

Integrated thermotechnical apparatus of solid oxide fuel cell Download PDF

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TWI502801B
TWI502801B TW101131962A TW101131962A TWI502801B TW I502801 B TWI502801 B TW I502801B TW 101131962 A TW101131962 A TW 101131962A TW 101131962 A TW101131962 A TW 101131962A TW I502801 B TWI502801 B TW I502801B
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fuel
cathode
inlet
outlet
solid oxide
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TW101131962A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW201409818A (en
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Wen Tang Hong
Cheng Nan Huang
Shih Kun Lo
Hsueh I Tan
Huan Chan Ting
Chen Po Lai
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Atomic Energy Council
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Priority to US13/833,314 priority patent/US9419296B2/en
Priority to EP13160952.1A priority patent/EP2704242B1/en
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Publication of TWI502801B publication Critical patent/TWI502801B/en

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Description

固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置 Solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device

本發明是有關於一種固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，尤指一種可使燃燒器、重組器及熱交換器整合為單一元件，進而易於與電池堆組裝成固態氧化物燃料電池發電系統，而達到具有結構簡單、減少體積、減少汙染物之排放、操作靈活、降低設備與操作成本、降低系統熱散失以及提升系統整體效率之功效者。 The invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device, in particular to a burner, a recombiner and a heat exchanger integrated into a single component, thereby facilitating assembly with a battery stack into a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system. To achieve the functions of simple structure, reduced volume, reduced pollutant emissions, flexible operation, reduced equipment and operating costs, reduced system heat loss and improved overall system efficiency.

按，人類科技的進步固然帶動經濟成長，但大量石化能源之消耗，使得自然環境的復原能力無法負荷，造成公害污染、資源銳減，甚而危及人類世代的永續發展，其中最受世人矚目的就是全球溫室效應日益嚴重，以及石油、天然氣及煤等能源日益枯竭等棘手問題。因此未來如何減少二氧化碳等溫室氣體排放，已成為一項艱鉅的課題。因此，欲解決以上所面臨的問題，新能源及相關技術的開發迫在眉睫，環顧現階段各種新型發電技術中，風力發電受環境特性的限制，太陽能光電轉換效率亟待加強，利用海洋潮汐及溫差發電的技術尚未成熟，利用地熱資源發電的資源有限，因此這些技術均不適於在國內大規模的使用。而燃料電池因具有低汙染、低噪音、高效率及適用範圍廣諸多優點，近年來已成世界各國爭相研究與推動之對象。燃料電池不像傳統電池一般只 能充當電能的儲存單位，也不是如內燃機一般藉由燃料燃燒產生熱而作功，而是利用電化學的原理，將燃料中的化學能轉化為電能並釋放出熱能的裝置。而各種燃料電池中其所使用之燃料主要為氫。固態氧化物燃料電池使用固態物質之電解質，因只涉及固、氣二相間之反應，而無電解質之管理問題，故電極設計較其它燃料電池簡化，而且其操作溫度高之特性，使其能具有高效率之優點，而伴隨產生之優質熱能，可藉由Gas-Turbine而再次發電，因此固態氧化物燃料電池較諸其它之燃料電池是有其優勢存在。 According to the progress of human science and technology, although economic growth has been promoted, the consumption of a large amount of petrochemical energy has made the natural environment's resilience unable to be loaded, resulting in pollution pollution, sharp reduction of resources, and even endangering the sustainable development of the human generation, among which the most attention is drawn to the world. This is the thorny issue of the global greenhouse effect and the depletion of energy sources such as oil, natural gas and coal. Therefore, how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide in the future has become an arduous task. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the development of new energy and related technologies is imminent. Looking at various new power generation technologies at this stage, wind power generation is limited by environmental characteristics, solar photovoltaic conversion efficiency needs to be strengthened, and ocean tides and temperature difference power generation are utilized. The technology is not yet mature, and the resources for generating electricity using geothermal resources are limited, so these technologies are not suitable for large-scale domestic use. Fuel cells, due to their low pollution, low noise, high efficiency and wide range of applications, have become the subject of research and promotion in the world in recent years. Fuel cells are not like traditional batteries It can be used as a storage unit for electric energy, and it is not a work such as an internal combustion engine that generates heat by fuel combustion, but a device that converts chemical energy in fuel into electric energy and releases heat energy by utilizing the principle of electrochemistry. The fuel used in various fuel cells is mainly hydrogen. Solid oxide fuel cells use electrolytes of solid materials. Because they only involve the reaction between solid and gas phases, and no electrolyte management problems, the electrode design is simplified compared to other fuel cells, and its high operating temperature makes it possible to have The advantages of high efficiency, and the accompanying high-quality thermal energy, can be generated again by Gas-Turbine, so solid oxide fuel cells have advantages over other fuel cells.

由於氫無法單獨存在於大自然，因此，氫能源發展系統中之產氫工程即顯得相當重要，所產生之氫氣可供各種燃料電池使用，而為了能產生含有豐富氫氣所需之原料，包括甲烷、甲醇、乙醇、天然氣、液化石油氣與汽油等等，可經由高溫重組而產生氫氣，因此，乃藉由一重組器在高溫環境下將燃料重組為富氫氣體，而重組器依其重組方式需要不同之熱能，如以電熱方式供應熱能則電熱設備將使系統更形龐大且更為耗能。因此在燃料電池發電系統中，一般皆以燃燒器回收在電池堆進行電化學反應後之殘餘燃料，進行燃燒反應以提高其高溫尾氣之熱能，並以其熱能供重組器進行燃料重組反應，以提升系統之整體效率。而現階段固態氧化物燃料電池之操作溫度大都在800℃以上，因此，其陰陽極所需之入口溫度均需在700℃以上，而陽極氣體經燃料重組後其溫度皆已達700℃以上符合需求，而陰極空氣則需藉由數個熱交換器方能將空氣由常溫加熱至700℃以上。 Since hydrogen cannot exist in nature alone, the hydrogen production process in the hydrogen energy development system is very important. The hydrogen produced can be used in various fuel cells, and in order to produce the raw materials needed for rich hydrogen, including methane. , methanol, ethanol, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline, etc., can be produced by high temperature recombination, so the reactor is recombined into a hydrogen-rich gas in a high temperature environment by a recombiner, and the recombiner is reorganized according to its method. Different heat sources are needed. For example, if the heat is supplied by electric heating, the electric heating device will make the system more bulky and more energy-consuming. Therefore, in a fuel cell power generation system, a residual fuel of an electrochemical reaction in a battery stack is generally recovered by a burner, a combustion reaction is performed to increase the heat energy of the high-temperature exhaust gas, and the heat energy is supplied to the reformer for a fuel recombination reaction. Improve the overall efficiency of the system. At present, the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells is mostly above 800 °C. Therefore, the inlet temperature required for the anode and cathode needs to be above 700 °C, and the temperature of the anode gas after the recombination of the fuel has reached 700 °C. Demand, while cathode air requires several heat exchangers to heat the air from ambient to above 700 °C.

而固態氧化物燃料電池發電系統乃利用富氫氣體進行電化學反應以產生電能，而未進行電化學反應之殘餘燃料將導入燃燒器進行 燃燒反應，以提升尾氣之熱能，並以其熱能供重組器進行燃料重組反應，以提升系統之整體效率；然而，一般而言，重組器之操作溫度皆在700℃以上，而燃燒器與重組器如為獨立之設計，燃燒器勢必以管線與重組器連接，而在高溫之下其保溫工程為一不易克服之難題，因此為克服熱散失，燃燒器之操作溫度有時需達1000℃以上，方能提供足夠之能量供重組器進行燃料重組。如此，不僅系統之熱散失大，無法提升系統效率，且燃燒器長期在極高溫度下之操作，使其燒毀機率增加，更增加系統運作之風險。 而SOFC所需之陰極空氣則需藉由數個熱交換器方能將空氣由常溫加熱至700℃以上。因此，如固態氧化物燃料電池發電系統所需之燃燒器、重組器與熱交換器如未能進行整合，則銜接管線將更為複雜，不僅施工不易且系統將無法緻密簡潔，致系統將顯繁雜龐大，更使系統無法降低其熱散失以提升其整體效率。因此，應用於固態氧化物燃料電池發電系統之燃燒器、重組器與熱交換器，如為一整合式設計，不僅能降低系統之熱散失，以提升系統效率，且更能降低燃燒器之操作溫度，減少其燒毀機率以降低系統運作之風險。 The solid oxide fuel cell power generation system uses a hydrogen-rich gas for electrochemical reaction to generate electrical energy, and the residual fuel that has not undergone electrochemical reaction is introduced into the burner. Combustion reaction to enhance the heat energy of the exhaust gas and use its heat energy for the recombination of the recombiner to improve the overall efficiency of the system; however, in general, the operating temperature of the recombiner is above 700 ° C, and the burner and reorganization If the device is designed as an independent device, the burner is bound to be connected to the recombiner by the pipeline, and the thermal insulation project is difficult to overcome under high temperature. Therefore, in order to overcome the heat loss, the operating temperature of the burner sometimes needs to reach 1000 ° C or higher. In order to provide sufficient energy for the recombiner to carry out fuel reorganization. In this way, not only the heat of the system is lost, but also the efficiency of the system cannot be improved, and the operation of the burner at a very high temperature for a long time increases the probability of burning, and increases the risk of system operation. The cathode air required for SOFC requires several heat exchangers to heat the air from ambient temperature to above 700 °C. Therefore, if the burners, recombiners and heat exchangers required for the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system are not integrated, the connection pipeline will be more complicated, not only the construction is difficult, but the system will not be compact and compact, and the system will be obvious. The complexity is so large that the system cannot reduce its heat loss to improve its overall efficiency. Therefore, the burner, recombiner and heat exchanger applied to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, such as an integrated design, can not only reduce the heat loss of the system, but also improve the system efficiency and reduce the operation of the burner. Temperature, reducing its chance of burning to reduce the risk of system operation.

應用於固態氧化物燃料電池發電系統之燃燒器、重組器與熱交換器整合式之設計，應同時具備良好之熱能管理、燃燒室能避免氫氣回火及具備一駐焰機構，使燃料處於貧油區時，火焰不易熄火使系統依然能正常運作。在國際上，目前應用於固態氧化物燃料電池發電系統之燃燒器、重組器與熱交換器極少將其進行整合設計。 The integrated design of burner, recombiner and heat exchanger for solid oxide fuel cell power generation system should have good thermal management, combustion chamber can avoid hydrogen tempering and have a flame holding mechanism to keep fuel in poor condition. In the oil zone, the flame is not easy to extinguish and the system can still operate normally. Internationally, burners, recombiners and heat exchangers currently used in solid oxide fuel cell power generation systems are rarely integrated.

今以美國專利專利US 6,749,958 B2之「Integrated module for solid oxide fuel cell systems」而言，雖然將燃燒器、重組 器與熱交換器整合為單一元件，但其結構為燃燒器於最內環，第二層為熱交換器，最外層則為燃料重組器，其熱能之傳遞依序為，將燃燒器燃燒後尾氣之熱能，傳至熱交換器以加熱陰極之空氣，然後再傳熱至重組器供其進行燃料重組，當其運用於SOFC時恐有陰陽極氣體進入電池堆時，因溫度差過大而造成Cell破損之問題。 In the case of "Integrated module for solid oxide fuel cell systems" of US Pat. No. 6,749,958 B2, although burners, reorganization The heat exchanger is integrated into a single component, but the structure is the burner in the innermost ring, the second layer is the heat exchanger, and the outermost layer is the fuel recombiner. The heat energy is transmitted in the order of burning the burner. The heat of the exhaust gas is transferred to the heat exchanger to heat the cathode air, and then transferred to the recombiner for fuel recombination. When it is applied to the SOFC, the anode and cathode gas may enter the stack due to excessive temperature difference. The problem of cell breakage.

且以美國專利US 7,156,886 B2之「Reforming apparatus」而言，其僅為一燃燒器與重組器整合式之設計且其設計乃是將燃燒器與重組器直接堆疊而成，其燃燒器位於重組器之下方，以其燃燒後之尾氣提供熱能供重組器進行燃料重組，其燃燒器及重組器之熱散失依然極大，以熱能管理之角度視之，有一很大改善的空間。 In the case of the "Reforming apparatus" of US Pat. No. 7,156,886 B2, it is only a burner and recombiner integrated design and is designed by directly stacking the burner and the recombiner, and the burner is located in the recombiner. Below it, the combustion of the exhaust gas provides heat for the recombiner to recombine the fuel, and the heat loss of the burner and the recombiner is still extremely large. From the perspective of thermal management, there is a great room for improvement.

再以美國專利US 2010/0136378 A1之「Fuel reformer burner of fuel cell system」亦為一燃燒器與重組器整合式之設計，其燃燒室雖能避免氫氣回火，然而由於其燃燒室缺少一駐焰機構，當燃料處於貧油區時，則易使火焰熄火致系統無法運作。 The "Fuel reformer burner of fuel cell system" of US 2010/0136378 A1 is also an integrated design of a burner and a recombiner. The combustion chamber can avoid hydrogen tempering, but the combustion chamber lacks a station. The flame mechanism, when the fuel is in the lean zone, is prone to flameout and the system is inoperable.

有鑑於此，本案之發明人特針對前述習用發明問題深入探討，並藉由多年從事相關產業之研發與製造經驗，積極尋求解決之道，經過長期努力之研究與發展，終於成功的開發出本發明「固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置」，藉以改善習用之種種問題。 In view of this, the inventors of this case have intensively discussed the above-mentioned problems of conventional inventions, and actively pursued solutions through years of experience in R&D and manufacturing of related industries. After long-term efforts in research and development, they finally succeeded in developing this book. Invented the "Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Thermal Component Integration Device" to improve various problems in the past.

本發明之主要目的係在於，可使燃燒器、重組器及熱交換器整合為單一元件，進而易於與電池堆組裝成固態氧化物燃料電池發電系統，而達到具有結構簡單、減少體積、減少汙染物之排放、操 作靈活、降低設備與操作成本、降低系統熱散失以及提升系統整體效率之功效。 The main object of the present invention is to integrate the burner, the recombinator and the heat exchanger into a single component, thereby facilitating assembly with the battery stack into a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, thereby achieving a simple structure, reduced volume, and reduced pollution. Discharge, operation Flexibility, reduced equipment and operating costs, reduced system heat loss, and improved overall system efficiency.

為達上述之目的，本發明係一種固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，其包含有：一具有點火器之燃燒器；一環設於燃燒器外緣之重組器；一環設於重組器外緣之陰極空氣預熱器；以及一環設於陰極空氣預熱器外緣之陰極熱空氣出口單元。 For the above purposes, the present invention is a solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device comprising: a burner having an igniter; a recombinator disposed on the outer edge of the burner; and a ring disposed outside the recombinator a cathode air preheater; and a cathode hot air outlet unit disposed at an outer edge of the cathode air preheater.

於本發明上述實施例中，該燃燒器係包含有一天然氣入口、一連通天然氣入口之燃料電池陽極殘餘燃料入口、一連通天然氣入口之氧化劑入口、一連通天然氣入口與燃料電池陽極殘餘燃料入口之燃料噴注機構、一設於燃料噴注機構上之多孔性介質體、一設於燃燒器一端之燃燒後高溫尾氣出口、一設於燃燒後高溫尾氣出口之高溫尾氣導流板、一設於燃燒器一側之高溫尾氣導引通道、一設於燃燒器外緣之高溫尾氣導流葉片、及一連通重組器之高溫尾氣出口。 In the above embodiment of the invention, the burner comprises a natural gas inlet, a fuel cell anode residual fuel inlet connected to the natural gas inlet, an oxidant inlet connected to the natural gas inlet, a fuel connected to the natural gas inlet and the fuel cell anode residual fuel inlet. The injection mechanism, a porous medium body disposed on the fuel injection mechanism, a post-combustion high-temperature exhaust gas outlet disposed at one end of the burner, a high-temperature exhaust gas deflector disposed at the high-temperature exhaust gas outlet after combustion, and a combustion A high temperature exhaust gas guiding passage on one side of the burner, a high temperature exhaust gas guiding vane disposed on the outer edge of the burner, and a high temperature exhaust gas outlet connected to the recombinator.

於本發明上述實施例中，該燃料噴注機構係具有多數燃料噴注口。 In the above embodiment of the invention, the fuel injection mechanism has a plurality of fuel injection ports.

於本發明上述實施例中，該高溫尾氣出口係可進一步連接一熱交換單元。 In the above embodiment of the invention, the high temperature exhaust gas outlet may be further connected to a heat exchange unit.

於本發明上述實施例中，該點火器係具有一天然氣及空氣入口。 In the above embodiment of the invention, the igniter has a natural gas and air inlet.

於本發明上述實施例中，該重組器係包含有一進行燃料重組之燃料入口、一用於預熱之燃料預熱管、一進行燃料分配之燃料分配環、一進行燃料分配擴散之燃料分配擴散板、一進行燃料重組之燃料重組器、一燃料重組器出口、一重組氣體出口、一SOFC陽極氣體出口、及一SOFC陽極氣體管線出口。 In the above embodiment of the present invention, the recombiner includes a fuel inlet for recombining fuel, a fuel preheating tube for preheating, a fuel distribution ring for fuel distribution, and a fuel distribution diffusion for fuel distribution and diffusion. A plate, a fuel reformer for fuel recombination, a fuel reformer outlet, a reformed gas outlet, a SOFC anode gas outlet, and an SOFC anode gas line outlet.

於本發明上述實施例中，該燃料分配環係具有多數燃料分配環出 口，可使燃料預熱後經由燃料分配環出口進行燃料分配，且該燃料分配擴散板係具有多數擴散孔，可讓燃料經由燃料分配環出口進行燃料分配後，使燃料能平均分配進入燃料分配擴散板後，再經由擴散孔進入燃料重組器進行燃料重組反應。 In the above embodiment of the invention, the fuel distribution ring has a majority of fuel distribution loops The fuel is distributed after the fuel is preheated, and the fuel distribution diffuser has a plurality of diffusion holes, which allow the fuel to be distributed through the fuel distribution ring outlet, so that the fuel can be evenly distributed into the fuel distribution. After diffusing the plate, it enters the fuel reformer through the diffusion hole to perform a fuel recombination reaction.

於本發明上述實施例中，該陰極空氣預熱器係包含有一陰極空氣入口、多數設於陰極空氣預熱器中之空氣導流板、及一陰極空氣預熱後出口。 In the above embodiment of the invention, the cathode air preheater comprises a cathode air inlet, a plurality of air deflectors disposed in the cathode air preheater, and a cathode air preheating outlet.

於本發明上述實施例中，該陰極熱空氣出口單元係包含有一陰極熱空氣入口、多數設於陰極熱空氣出口單元中之陰極熱空氣導流板、及一陰極熱空氣降溫後出口。 In the above embodiment of the present invention, the cathode hot air outlet unit comprises a cathode hot air inlet, a cathode hot air deflector disposed in the cathode hot air outlet unit, and a cathode hot air cooling outlet.

100‧‧‧燃燒器 100‧‧‧ burner

101‧‧‧天然氣入口 101‧‧‧ natural gas inlet

101a‧‧‧燃料電池陽極殘餘燃料入口 101a‧‧‧ Fuel cell anode residual fuel inlet

102‧‧‧氧化劑入口 102‧‧‧Oxidant inlet

102a‧‧‧燃料電池陰極殘餘空氣入口 102a‧‧‧ Fuel cell cathode residual air inlet

103‧‧‧燃料噴注機構 103‧‧‧ fuel injection mechanism

103a‧‧‧燃料噴注口 103a‧‧‧fuel injection port

104‧‧‧多孔性介質體 104‧‧‧Porous medium body

105‧‧‧燃燒後高溫尾氣出口 105‧‧‧High temperature exhaust gas after combustion

106‧‧‧高溫尾氣導流板 106‧‧‧High temperature exhaust deflector

107‧‧‧高溫尾氣導引通道 107‧‧‧High temperature exhaust gas guiding channel

108‧‧‧高溫尾氣導流葉片 108‧‧‧High temperature tail gas guide vanes

109‧‧‧高溫尾氣出口 109‧‧‧High temperature exhaust gas outlet

200‧‧‧點火器 200‧‧‧Igniter

201‧‧‧天然氣及空氣入口 201‧‧‧ Natural gas and air inlet

300‧‧‧重組器 300‧‧‧Reorganizer

301‧‧‧燃料入口 301‧‧‧ fuel inlet

302‧‧‧燃料預熱管 302‧‧‧Fuel preheating tube

303‧‧‧燃料分配環 303‧‧‧fuel distribution ring

303a‧‧‧燃料分配環出口 303a‧‧‧Fuel distribution ring exit

304‧‧‧燃料分配擴散板 304‧‧‧fuel distribution diffuser

304a‧‧‧燃料分配擴散孔 304a‧‧‧fuel distribution diffusion hole

305‧‧‧燃料重組器 305‧‧‧fuel recombiner

306‧‧‧燃料重組器出口 306‧‧‧Recombination of fuel recombiners

307‧‧‧重組氣體出口 307‧‧‧Recombinant gas export

308‧‧‧SOFC陽極氣體出口 308‧‧‧SOFC anode gas outlet

309‧‧‧SOFC陽極氣體管線出口 309‧‧‧SOFC anode gas line outlet

400‧‧‧陰極空氣預熱器 400‧‧‧Cathode air preheater

401‧‧‧陰極新鮮空氣入口 401‧‧‧ cathode fresh air inlet

402‧‧‧空氣導流板 402‧‧‧Air deflector

403‧‧‧陰極空氣預熱後出口 403‧‧‧Exhaust air after preheating

500‧‧‧陰極熱空氣出口單元 500‧‧‧cathode hot air outlet unit

501‧‧‧陰極熱空氣入口 501‧‧‧ cathode hot air inlet

502‧‧‧陰極熱空氣導流板 502‧‧‧Cathodic hot air deflector

503‧‧‧陰極熱空氣降溫後出口 503‧‧‧Exhaust hot air after cooling

600‧‧‧熱交換器 600‧‧‧ heat exchanger

700‧‧‧SOFC電池堆 700‧‧‧SOFC battery stack

第1圖，係本發明應用於固態氧化物燃料電池發電系統之示意圖。 Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the application of the present invention to a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system.

第2圖，係本發明之整體機構剖視圖示意圖。 Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the entire mechanism of the present invention.

第3圖，係本發明之燃料噴注機構示意圖。 Figure 3 is a schematic view of the fuel injection mechanism of the present invention.

第4圖，係本發明之燃料分配環示意圖。 Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a fuel distribution ring of the present invention.

第5圖，係本發明之燃料分配擴散板示意圖。 Figure 5 is a schematic view of a fuel distribution diffuser plate of the present invention.

請參閱『1、2、3、4及第5圖』所示，係分別為本發明應用於固態氧化物燃料電池發電系統之示意圖、本發明之整體機構剖視圖示意圖、本發明之燃料噴注機構示意圖、本發明之燃料分配環示意圖及本發明之燃料分配擴散板示意圖。如圖所示：本發明係一種固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，其至少包含有一燃燒器100、一重組器300、一陰極空氣預熱器400以及一陰極熱空氣 出口單元500所構成。 Please refer to the schematic diagrams of "1, 2, 3, 4 and 5" for the application of the present invention to a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall mechanism of the present invention, and a fuel injection mechanism of the present invention. Schematic, schematic view of a fuel distribution ring of the present invention and schematic representation of a fuel distribution diffuser plate of the present invention. As shown in the figure: the present invention is a solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device comprising at least a burner 100, a recombiner 300, a cathode air preheater 400, and a cathode hot air. The outlet unit 500 is constructed.

上述所提之燃燒器100係包含有一具有天然氣及空氣入口201之點火器200、一天然氣入口101、一連通天然氣入口101之燃料電池陽極殘餘燃料入口101a、一連通天然氣入口101之氧化劑入口102、一連通天然氣入口101與燃料電池陽極殘餘燃料入口101a之燃料噴注機構103、一設於燃料噴注機構103上之多孔性介質體104、一設於燃燒器一端之燃燒後高溫尾氣出口105、一設於燃燒後高溫尾氣出口105之高溫尾氣導流板106、一設於燃燒器一側之高溫尾氣導引通道107、一設於燃燒器外緣之高溫尾氣導流葉片108、及一連通重組器之高溫尾氣出口109，而該燃料噴注機構103係具有多數燃料噴注口103a(如第3圖所示)，可使燃料經由燃料噴注口103a噴注燃料於多孔性介質體104，並與來自來自氧化劑入口102或陰極殘餘空氣入口102a之空氣進行燃燒反應，且該高溫尾氣出口109係可進一步連接一熱交換單元600。 The above-mentioned burner 100 includes an igniter 200 having a natural gas and air inlet 201, a natural gas inlet 101, a fuel cell anode residual fuel inlet 101a connecting the natural gas inlet 101, and an oxidant inlet 102 connecting the natural gas inlet 101. a fuel injection mechanism 103 connecting the natural gas inlet 101 and the fuel cell anode residual fuel inlet 101a, a porous medium body 104 disposed on the fuel injection mechanism 103, a post-combustion high temperature exhaust gas outlet 105 disposed at one end of the burner, a high temperature exhaust gas deflector 106 disposed at the high temperature exhaust gas outlet 105 after combustion, a high temperature exhaust gas guiding passage 107 disposed on one side of the burner, a high temperature exhaust gas guiding vane 108 disposed at the outer edge of the burner, and a communication The high-temperature exhaust gas outlet 109 of the recombiner, and the fuel injection mechanism 103 has a plurality of fuel injection ports 103a (as shown in FIG. 3), and the fuel can be injected into the porous medium body 104 via the fuel injection port 103a. And performing a combustion reaction with air from the oxidant inlet 102 or the cathode residual air inlet 102a, and the high temperature exhaust gas outlet 109 can be further connected to a heat Conversion unit 600.

該重組器300係環設於燃燒器100之外緣，其中該重組器300係包含有一進行燃料重組之燃料入口301、一用於預熱之燃料預熱管302、一進行燃料分配之燃料分配環303、一進行燃料分配擴散之燃料分配擴散板304、一進行燃料重組之燃料重組器305、一燃料重組器出口306、一重組氣體出口307、一SOFC陽極氣體出口308、及一SOFC陽極氣體管線出口309，而該燃料分配環303係具有多數燃料分配環出口303a(如第4圖所示)，可使燃料預熱後經由燃料分配環出口303a進行燃料分配，使燃料能平均分配進入燃料分配擴散板304，且該燃料分配擴散板304係具有多數擴散孔304a(如第5圖所示)，可讓燃料經由燃料分配環出口303a進行燃料分配後，使燃料能平均分配進入燃料分配擴散板304後，再經由 擴散孔304a進入燃料重組器305進行燃料重組反應。 The recombiner 300 is disposed at the outer edge of the combustor 100, wherein the recombiner 300 includes a fuel inlet 301 for recombining fuel, a fuel preheating tube 302 for preheating, and a fuel distribution for fuel distribution. Ring 303, a fuel distribution diffuser 304 for fuel distribution diffusion, a fuel recombiner 305 for fuel recombination, a fuel reformer outlet 306, a reformed gas outlet 307, a SOFC anode gas outlet 308, and an SOFC anode gas Line outlet 309, and the fuel distribution ring 303 has a plurality of fuel distribution ring outlets 303a (as shown in Fig. 4), which allows fuel to be distributed after fuel preheating via fuel distribution ring outlet 303a, allowing fuel to be evenly distributed into the fuel. The diffusion plate 304 is distributed, and the fuel distribution diffuser 304 has a plurality of diffusion holes 304a (as shown in FIG. 5), which allows fuel to be evenly distributed into the fuel distribution and diffusion after fuel distribution via the fuel distribution ring outlet 303a. After board 304, The diffusion holes 304a enter the fuel recombiner 305 for a fuel recombination reaction.

該陰極空氣預熱器400係環設於重組器300之外緣，其中該陰極空氣預熱器400係包含有一陰極空氣入口401、多數設於陰極空氣預熱器中之空氣導流板402、及一陰極空氣預熱後出口403。 The cathode air preheater 400 is disposed at an outer edge of the recombiner 300. The cathode air preheater 400 includes a cathode air inlet 401, and a plurality of air deflectors 402 disposed in the cathode air preheater. And a cathode air preheating outlet 403.

該陰極熱空氣出口單元500係環設於陰極空氣預熱器400之外緣，其中該陰極熱空氣出口單元500係包含有一陰極熱空氣入口501、多數設於陰極熱空氣出口單元中之陰極熱空氣導流板502、及一陰極熱空氣降溫後出口503。如是，藉由上述之結構構成一全新之固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置。 The cathode hot air outlet unit 500 is disposed at an outer edge of the cathode air preheater 400. The cathode hot air outlet unit 500 includes a cathode hot air inlet 501 and a plurality of cathode heats disposed in the cathode hot air outlet unit. The air baffle 502 and a cathode hot air are cooled to the outlet 503. If so, a new solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device is constructed by the above structure.

當本發明於使用時，係先以點火裝置200進行燃燒器之點火，再通天然氣以進入天然氣入口101，再經由燃料噴注機構103，與來自氧化劑入口102之空氣在多孔性介質體104進行混合燃燒，使燃燒器之燃燒區域發生在多孔性介質體104。經由燃燒後產生之高溫尾氣首先經由高溫尾氣之出口105，再進入高溫尾氣之導流板106，在此區域以提供熱能供燃料重組器305之觸媒進行燃料重組反應；然後，高溫尾氣再經由高溫尾氣導引通道107，以穿越燃料分配擴散區之燃料分配擴散板304及燃料分配環303，再進入燃料預熱區之高溫尾氣導流葉片108，以提供熱能供燃料進行預熱，高溫尾氣最後可再經由高溫尾氣出口109排至一熱交換器600以吸收其餘熱，使燃燒後之燃氣能充分利用其熱能。 When the present invention is used, the burner is ignited by the ignition device 200, the natural gas is introduced to enter the natural gas inlet 101, and the air from the oxidant inlet 102 is passed through the porous medium body 104 via the fuel injection mechanism 103. The combustion is mixed to cause the combustion zone of the burner to occur in the porous medium body 104. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated after combustion is first passed through the outlet 105 of the high-temperature exhaust gas, and then into the baffle 106 of the high-temperature exhaust gas, where the fuel recombination reaction is performed by providing the thermal energy to the fuel recombiner 305; then, the high-temperature exhaust gas is passed through The high temperature exhaust gas guiding passage 107 passes through the fuel distribution diffusing plate 304 and the fuel distributing ring 303 of the fuel distribution diffusion region, and then enters the high temperature exhaust gas guiding vane 108 of the fuel preheating zone to provide thermal energy for fuel for preheating, high temperature exhaust gas Finally, it can be discharged to a heat exchanger 600 via the high temperature exhaust gas outlet 109 to absorb the remaining heat so that the burned gas can fully utilize its heat energy.

而在燃料進入燃燒重組器進行燃料重組反應時，首先，燃料(通常為天然氣、空氣及水，依欲重組燃料及重組方法而變)經由燃料入口301進入燃料預熱管302，以吸收高溫尾氣之熱能進行燃料預熱，然後，再進入燃料分配環303，使燃料能均勻由燃料分配環噴出，然後，再經由燃料分配擴散板304進行燃料均勻擴散， 然後，燃料再進入燃料重組器305，燃料在此經由觸媒吸收高溫尾氣之大量熱能，以進行燃料重組反應而產生富氫氣體；最後，產生之重組氣體經由燃料重組器出口306及重組氣體出口307進入SOFC電池堆700，以進行電化學反應並產生電能，而未反應之殘餘富氫氣體再經SOFC陽極氣體出口308進入陰極空氣預熱器400，以提供部份熱能供陰極空氣預熱，然後，再經SOFC陽極氣體管線出口309，導回至陽極殘餘燃料入口101a，經由燃料噴注機構103進入燃燒器進行燃燒反應，同時，原本經由天然氣入口101添加之天然氣可逐漸減少，至最後系統穩定運作時，可不用添加任何天然氣。 When the fuel enters the combustion reformer for fuel recombination reaction, first, the fuel (usually natural gas, air and water, depending on the fuel to be recombined and the recombination method) enters the fuel preheating pipe 302 via the fuel inlet 301 to absorb the high temperature exhaust gas. The heat is preheated by the fuel, and then enters the fuel distribution ring 303 so that the fuel can be uniformly discharged from the fuel distribution ring, and then the fuel is evenly diffused through the fuel distribution diffuser 304. Then, the fuel re-enters the fuel recombiner 305, where the fuel absorbs a large amount of thermal energy of the high-temperature exhaust gas via the catalyst to perform a fuel recombination reaction to generate a hydrogen-rich gas; finally, the generated recombination gas passes through the fuel reformer outlet 306 and the recombination gas outlet. 307 enters the SOFC stack 700 to perform an electrochemical reaction and generate electrical energy, and the unreacted residual hydrogen-rich gas passes through the SOFC anode gas outlet 308 into the cathode air preheater 400 to provide a portion of the thermal energy for preheating the cathode air. Then, through the SOFC anode gas line outlet 309, it is led back to the anode residual fuel inlet 101a, enters the burner through the fuel injection mechanism 103 for combustion reaction, and the natural gas originally added through the natural gas inlet 101 can be gradually reduced to the final system. When it is stable, you don't need to add any natural gas.

而SOFC陰極端所需之空氣，首先經由陰極新鮮空氣入口401，進入陰極空氣預熱器400，再經由空氣導流板402，逐步吸收來自燃燒器高溫尾氣及陰極出口之高溫熱空氣之熱能，以預熱至SOFC陰極所需之入口溫度；然後，再經由陰極空氣預熱後出口403，進入SOFC與陽極之富氫氣體在SOFC內進行電化學反應，陰極空氣在SOFC內將再吸收熱能進而使溫度再提升；然後，再經由陰極熱空氣入口501，進入陰極熱空氣出口單元500，並經由陰極熱空氣導流板502，逐步提供部份熱能供陰極空氣預熱器以預熱新鮮空氣，並達降溫之目的；然後，降溫後之陰極出口空氣再經由陰極熱空氣降溫後出口503，與燃料電池陰極殘餘空氣入口102a銜接，再進入燃燒器內，與來自陽極之殘餘燃料在多孔性介質燃燒單元進行燃燒反應，同時，原本經由氧化劑入口102添加之空氣可逐漸減少，至最後系統穩定運作時，僅餘少量空氣以控制燃燒器多孔性介質體之溫度。 The air required at the cathode end of the SOFC first enters the cathode air preheater 400 via the cathode fresh air inlet 401, and then gradually absorbs the heat energy of the high temperature hot air from the high temperature exhaust gas of the burner and the cathode outlet via the air deflector 402. To preheat to the inlet temperature required by the SOFC cathode; then, preheat the cathode 403 via the cathode air, enter the SOFC and the anode hydrogen-rich gas for electrochemical reaction in the SOFC, and the cathode air will reabsorb the heat energy in the SOFC. The temperature is further increased; then, through the cathode hot air inlet 501, into the cathode hot air outlet unit 500, and through the cathode hot air deflector 502, a portion of the thermal energy is gradually supplied to the cathode air preheater to preheat the fresh air. And cooling the purpose; then, the cooled cathode outlet air is cooled by the cathode hot air and then exit 503, and is connected with the fuel cell cathode residual air inlet 102a, and then enters the burner, and the residual fuel from the anode is porous. The medium combustion unit performs a combustion reaction, and at the same time, the air originally added through the oxidant inlet 102 can be gradually reduced to the last When stable operation, leaving only a small amount of air to control the temperature of the porous dielectric material of the burner.

綜上所述，本發明固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置可有效 改善習用之種種缺點，可使燃燒器、重組器及熱交換器整合為單一元件，進而易於與電池堆組裝成固態氧化物燃料電池發電系統，而達到具有結構簡單、減少體積、減少汙染物之排放、操作靈活、降低設備與操作成本、降低系統熱散失以及提升系統整體效率之功效；進而使本發明之產生能更進步、更實用、更符合消費者使用之所須，確已符合發明專利申請之要件，爰依法提出專利申請。 In summary, the solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device of the present invention is effective By improving the disadvantages of the conventional use, the burner, the recombiner and the heat exchanger can be integrated into a single component, and the battery stack can be easily assembled into a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, thereby achieving a simple structure, a reduced volume, and a reduced pollutant. Efficient emissions, flexible operation, reduced equipment and operating costs, reduced heat loss from the system, and improved overall system efficiency; thus, the invention can be made more progressive, more practical, and more in line with consumer needs. For the requirements of the application, the patent application is filed according to law.

惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍；故，凡依本發明申請專利範圍及發明說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆應仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。 However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; therefore, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the present invention and the contents of the invention are modified. All should remain within the scope of the invention patent.

100‧‧‧燃燒器 100‧‧‧ burner

101‧‧‧天然氣入口 101‧‧‧ natural gas inlet

101a‧‧‧燃料電池陽極殘餘燃料入口 101a‧‧‧ Fuel cell anode residual fuel inlet

102‧‧‧氧化劑入口 102‧‧‧Oxidant inlet

102a‧‧‧燃料電池陰極殘餘空氣入口 102a‧‧‧ Fuel cell cathode residual air inlet

103‧‧‧燃料噴注機構 103‧‧‧ fuel injection mechanism

104‧‧‧多孔性介質體 104‧‧‧Porous medium body

105‧‧‧燃燒後高溫尾氣出口 105‧‧‧High temperature exhaust gas after combustion

106‧‧‧高溫尾氣導流板 106‧‧‧High temperature exhaust deflector

107‧‧‧高溫尾氣導引通道 107‧‧‧High temperature exhaust gas guiding channel

108‧‧‧高溫尾氣導流葉片 108‧‧‧High temperature tail gas guide vanes

109‧‧‧高溫尾氣出口 109‧‧‧High temperature exhaust gas outlet

200‧‧‧點火器 200‧‧‧Igniter

201‧‧‧天然氣及空氣入口 201‧‧‧ Natural gas and air inlet

300‧‧‧重組器 300‧‧‧Reorganizer

301‧‧‧燃料入口 301‧‧‧ fuel inlet

302‧‧‧燃料預熱管 302‧‧‧Fuel preheating tube

303‧‧‧燃料分配環 303‧‧‧fuel distribution ring

304‧‧‧燃料分配擴散板 304‧‧‧fuel distribution diffuser

305‧‧‧燃料重組器 305‧‧‧fuel recombiner

306‧‧‧燃料重組器出口 306‧‧‧Recombination of fuel recombiners

307‧‧‧重組氣體出口 307‧‧‧Recombinant gas export

308‧‧‧SOFC陽極氣體出口 308‧‧‧SOFC anode gas outlet

309‧‧‧SOFC陽極氣體管線出口 309‧‧‧SOFC anode gas line outlet

400‧‧‧陰極空氣預熱器 400‧‧‧Cathode air preheater

401‧‧‧陰極新鮮空氣入口 401‧‧‧ cathode fresh air inlet

402‧‧‧空氣導流板 402‧‧‧Air deflector

403‧‧‧陰極空氣預熱後出口 403‧‧‧Exhaust air after preheating

500‧‧‧陰極熱空氣出口單元 500‧‧‧cathode hot air outlet unit

501‧‧‧陰極熱空氣入口 501‧‧‧ cathode hot air inlet

502‧‧‧陰極熱空氣導流板 502‧‧‧Cathodic hot air deflector

503‧‧‧陰極熱空氣降溫後出口 503‧‧‧Exhaust hot air after cooling

Claims (8)

一種固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，包括有：一燃燒器，係具有一點火器，且該燃燒器係包含有一天然氣入口、一連通天然氣入口之燃料電池陽極殘餘燃料入口、一連通天然氣入口之氧化劑入口、一連通天然氣入口與燃料電池陽極殘餘燃料入口之燃料噴注機構、一設於燃料噴注機構上之多孔性介質體、一設於燃燒器一端之燃燒後高溫尾氣出口、一設於燃燒後高溫尾氣出口之高溫尾氣導流板、一設於燃燒器一側之高溫尾氣導引通道、一設於燃燒器外緣之高溫尾氣導流葉片、及一連通重組器之高溫尾氣出口；一重組器，係環設於燃燒器之外緣；一陰極空氣預熱器，係環設於重組器之外緣；以及一陰極熱空氣出口單元，係環設於陰極空氣預熱器之外緣。 A solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device includes: a burner having an igniter, and the burner includes a natural gas inlet, a fuel cell anode residual fuel inlet connected to the natural gas inlet, and a connected natural gas inlet An oxidant inlet, a fuel injection mechanism connecting the natural gas inlet and the fuel cell anode residual fuel inlet, a porous medium body disposed on the fuel injection mechanism, and a post-combustion high-temperature exhaust gas outlet disposed at one end of the burner a high-temperature exhaust gas deflector at the high-temperature exhaust gas outlet after combustion, a high-temperature exhaust gas guiding passage provided on one side of the burner, a high-temperature exhaust gas guiding vane disposed on the outer edge of the burner, and a high-temperature exhaust gas outlet connected to the recombinator a recombinator, the ring is disposed at the outer edge of the burner; a cathode air preheater, the ring is disposed at the outer edge of the recombinator; and a cathode hot air outlet unit, the ring is disposed at the cathode air preheater Outer edge. 依申請專利範圍第1項所述之固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，其中，該燃料噴注機構係具有多數燃料噴注口。 The solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device according to claim 1, wherein the fuel injection mechanism has a plurality of fuel injection ports. 依申請專利範圍第1項所述之固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，其中，該高溫尾氣出口係可進一步連接一熱交換單元。 The solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature exhaust gas outlet is further connected to a heat exchange unit. 依申請專利範圍第1項所述之固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，其中，該點火器係具有一天然氣及空氣入口。 The solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device of claim 1, wherein the igniter has a natural gas and air inlet. 依申請專利範圍第1項所述之固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，其中，該重組器係包含有一進行燃料重組之燃料入口、一用於預熱之燃料預熱管、一進行燃料分配之燃料分配環、一進行 燃料分配擴散之燃料分配擴散板、一進行燃料重組之燃料重組器、一燃料重組器出口、一重組氣體出口、一SOFC陽極氣體出口及一SOFC陽極氣體管線出口。 The solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device according to claim 1, wherein the recombiner comprises a fuel inlet for recombining fuel, a fuel preheating tube for preheating, and a fuel. Allocated fuel distribution ring A fuel distribution diffuser for fuel distribution diffusion, a fuel reformer for fuel recombination, a fuel reformer outlet, a reformed gas outlet, a SOFC anode gas outlet, and an SOFC anode gas line outlet. 依申請專利範圍第5項所述之固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，其中，該燃料分配環係具有多數燃料分配環出口，可使燃料預熱後經由燃料分配環出口進行燃料分配，且該燃料分配擴散板係具有多數擴散孔，可讓燃料經由燃料分配環出口進行燃料分配後，使燃料能平均分配進入燃料分配擴散板後，再經由擴散孔進入燃料重組器進行燃料重組反應。 The solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device according to claim 5, wherein the fuel distribution ring has a plurality of fuel distribution ring outlets for allowing fuel to be distributed after the fuel is warmed up via the fuel distribution ring outlet. The fuel distribution diffuser plate has a plurality of diffusion holes for allowing fuel to be distributed through the fuel distribution ring outlet, allowing the fuel to be evenly distributed into the fuel distribution diffuser, and then entering the fuel reformer via the diffusion holes for fuel recombination reaction. 依申請專利範圍第1項所述之固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，其中，該陰極空氣預熱器係包含有一陰極空氣入口、多數設於陰極空氣預熱器中之空氣導流板、及一陰極空氣預熱後出口。 The solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device according to claim 1, wherein the cathode air preheater comprises a cathode air inlet and a plurality of air deflectors disposed in the cathode air preheater. And a cathode air is preheated and then exported. 依申請專利範圍第1項所述之固態氧化物燃料電池熱工元件整合裝置，其中，該陰極熱空氣出口單元係包含有一陰極熱空氣入口、多數設於陰極熱空氣出口單元中之陰極熱空氣導流板、及一陰極熱空氣降溫後出口。 The solid oxide fuel cell thermal component integration device according to claim 1, wherein the cathode hot air outlet unit comprises a cathode hot air inlet and a plurality of cathode hot air disposed in the cathode hot air outlet unit. The deflector and a cathode hot air are cooled and then exported.
TW101131962A 2012-08-31 2012-08-31 Integrated thermotechnical apparatus of solid oxide fuel cell TWI502801B (en)

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