TWI497036B - Light tracing method and apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Description

Light tracing method and device

The invention relates to a light tracing method and device, in particular to a light indicating device which uses the same dimming interference pattern and binary acquisition imaging as the basis for judging the moving track.

1 shows an internal circuit diagram of an optical mouse 10. The optical mouse 10 moves on a surface 11. The main components of the internal circuit of the mouse housing 12 are provided with a circuit board 14 and a circuit board in addition to some optical components. A controller 18 for controlling and computing the emission and sensing light is provided, as well as a light source 16 and a sensor 19.

The outer casing 12 of the optical mouse 10 has a slot 17 facing the outer surface 11. The circuit board 14 is disposed near the aperture 17, and the circuit board 14 is provided with a laser or a light emitting diode. Light source 16 of the body (LED). When the optical mouse 10 is in operation, the light source 16 continuously generates emitted light and is directed toward the surface 11 at a specific angle, as indicated by a broken line in the figure, the signal of the reflected light is obtained by the sensor 19, or the image distribution of the intensity of the reflected light is obtained. (If the sensor 19 can be a CMOS or CCD image sensor), the controller 18 analyzes the direction of movement of the optical mouse 10.

In the aforementioned technique for determining the trajectory of the optical mouse 10, the signal of the reflected light obtained by the surface 11 is quite relied upon, and therefore the performance of the optical mouse 10 will generally be different depending on the form of the surface 11.

For example, if the surface 11 is a transparent or non-reflective material, the optical mouse 10 will not operate smoothly; if the surface 11 includes a non-planar structure with uneven undulations, the light It is also difficult to operate the mouse 10, such as a wrinkled cloth.

In the prior art, if the tracing device using the above-mentioned photo sensor still has a certain tracing performance on different planes, an additional external positioning sensing or some complicated one is used in the manner of obtaining the light moving path. Operations, but these position sensing or operations are only applicable to finite planar states due to sensitivity limitations, high energy consumption, and complex algorithms. These conventional methods are not suitable for all planes with high reflection or low reflectivity, or even for the purpose of ray tracing.

In view of the fact that the conventional optical mouse is not suitable for all planes with high reflection or low reflectivity, the present disclosure proposes a method and apparatus for tracking light with good spatial coherence such as laser light, according to This method applies an image of light constructive and destructive interference between the surface reflected light and the original emitted light as a basis for tracking identification.

According to one embodiment, the ray tracing method includes first receiving a reflected light reflected from a surface by a sensor, and the embodiment includes the sensor being a sensor array having sensing elements arranged in an array. The light can be generated from a laser light device, reflected toward the surface and reflected, thereby being received by the sensor array.

Then, the main step is that according to the light received by each sensor element in the sensor array before and after an acquisition time, the light source device preferably generates a light with good spatial homology, and then calculates each sensing element in the sensing chip. The received energy is calculated by calculating the energy state of all or part of the sensing elements before and after the acquisition time, and determining the movement according to the change of the energy state before and after the acquisition time according to the sensing elements in the sensing wafer (such as at least two adjacent sensing elements). vector. The moving vector of the plurality of acquisition times is calculated by repeating the steps of the above-described ray tracing method, and accordingly, a moving trajectory can be determined.

In the step of calculating all or part of the energy state of the sensing element before and after the acquisition time, the energy received between the sensing elements and at least two statistical averages may be calculated first. There are two differences, the difference can be expressed in the energy state, and the motion vector can be judged by the difference of the time before and after. The statistical average of the calculated inductive element energies in the aforementioned acquisition time may be determined by the row, column, or any geometrically related statistical average of the array.

According to one embodiment, if the foregoing acquisition time is represented by the first time and the second time, the step of calculating the energy change of the at least two adjacent sensing elements before and after the acquisition time comprises first determining the energy state of each sensing element in the first time. And determining the energy state of each of the sensing elements in the second time, and determining the motion vector after obtaining the change of the energy state of the at least two adjacent sensing elements from the first time to the second time.

According to still another embodiment, the main circuit of the ray tracing apparatus using the ray tracing method includes a light source device for generating an incident surface ray, a wafer of a plurality of sensing elements arranged in an array, and a circuit integrated controller. The light source device and the sensor array can be coupled to obtain the optical signals received by the plurality of sensing elements in the sensing chip, calculate the energy state, and calculate the energy state change of the acquisition time.

In order to further understand the technology, method and effect of the present invention in order to achieve the intended purpose, reference should be made to the detailed description and drawings of the present invention. The drawings and the annexed drawings are intended to be illustrative and not to limit the invention.

10‧‧‧ optical mouse

11‧‧‧ surface

12‧‧‧ Mouse shell

14‧‧‧ boards

18‧‧‧ Controller

16‧‧‧Light source

19‧‧‧ Sensor

17‧‧‧ slotting

201‧‧‧ incident light

205‧‧‧ surface structure

203‧‧‧ reflected light

30‧‧‧ boards

32‧‧‧Sensor array

301‧‧‧Feeling element

34‧‧‧Light source device

303‧‧‧Scope of illumination

36‧‧‧ Controller

501, 502, 503, 504, 505 ‧ ‧ sensor elements

601,602,603,604,605,606‧‧‧ sensor combination

521,522,523,524,525‧‧‧ comparator

Vavg‧‧‧Average voltage signal

X, Y‧‧ direction

T0‧‧‧ first time

T1‧‧‧ second time

701,702‧‧‧ sensor combination

Step S401~S411‧‧‧One of the ray tracing method flow

Step S801~S809‧‧‧ ray tracing method flow 2

1 shows a schematic diagram of an internal circuit of a conventional optical mouse; FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a reflected light path of an incident plane and reflected light; and FIG. 3 shows a sensor packaged in an integrated circuit in the ray tracing apparatus of the present invention; Array diagram; the flow shown in FIG. 4 describes the steps of the embodiment of the ray tracing method of the present invention; FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the sensor array used in the tracing apparatus of the present invention; Medium sensing element performs ray tracing method One of the exemplary illustrations; FIG. 7 shows a second exemplary example of performing a ray tracing method for each sensing element in the device disclosed in the present invention; and FIG. 8 shows a flow chart describing the step of determining the motion vector according to the direction of the energy change.

The use of non-coherent light as a technique for determining position of motion usually requires complex data calculation procedures, such as judging the movement of the mouse. Such techniques are often limited to several planes (such as avoiding low light reflectance). The plane can only have a good effect. In view of this, the present disclosure describes a ray tracing method and apparatus. One embodiment uses a coherent light or a spatial coherence light as a light source to detect The direction of movement, and in combination with sensitivity compensation, utilizes a motion recognition algorithm, and the device using this technique can be applied to various states of the plane.

It is worth mentioning that the light tracing device proposed by the disclosure can adopt a coherent light source package integration, and devices using such technologies, such as optical indicating devices, do not need to install additional optics. A lens or a specific image sensor, such as a complementary CMOS image sensor (CIS).

First, please refer to FIG. 2 for a specific light source device (not shown) to generate incident light (201) to a plane and then reflect (203) to form a plurality of reflected light paths. The light source is particularly The coherent light of a laser, as described herein, "coherent light" refers to a light with good spatial coherence.

The plurality of optical paths shown in this figure include incident light 201 directed toward a plane having a surface structure 205, which is then reflected to form reflected light 203. Since the microscopic upper surface structure 205 is an irregular structure, the reflected light 203 is formed as shown in the figure to show different directions. Light.

The light source device continuously generates incident light 201 to a plane, and reflects to form reflected light 203. In the process, the reflected light 203 is received through a sensor (not shown in the figure), and light constructive and destructive interference occurs in various optical paths. The pattern, where incident light from a coherent light source is used in particular, can enhance this interference effect.

When the device carrying the relevant circuit for performing the tracking method moves relative to the sensing plane (XY plane), the photo sensor receives the message of the reflected light 203 and collects according to the time slot (time slot) ( Sampling) The message data, as well as the average energy value (reflected light), and the energy difference at different times and positions. In particular, the ray tracing apparatus disclosed in the present disclosure preferably employs a sensor array to obtain energy at different positions and a difference from an average energy value, that is, a movement trajectory can be determined. The statistical average can be calculated by using the statistical average of the energy obtained by all the sensor cells, or the average of the energy obtained by the partial sensing elements, such as the average value or column of the rows (as shown in the X direction of FIG. 5). (The Y direction in Fig. 5) The average value is a calculation reference of the average value; it is also possible to take the average value of the energy of the peripheral or intermediate portion as the reference average value.

According to one of the embodiments using the above-described sensor array, if the same dimming is used as the light source, the interference effect of the reflected light can be enhanced. The same dimming is a kind of light source with a very small phase delay in a wave envelope, wherein the laser light is a kind of dimming light, which is different from the dimming light such as sunlight or LED light.

With the same dimming as the tracing device disclosed in the present disclosure, the same dimming can improve the sensitivity of the optical sensor that senses the reflected light interference. Because the same dimming has a small phase difference characteristic, compared with the spatial interference caused by the non-coherent reflected light, the same dimming will have a small phase delay phenomenon. Therefore, the use of the same dimming can enhance the spatial interference of the reflected light, and the aforementioned sensor array (for the light) can obtain the spatial interference difference of the reflected light through one plane.

The sensor array can be referred to one of the embodiments of the sensor array packaged in an integrated circuit (IC) in the ray tracing device of the present invention shown in FIG. According to one embodiment of the invention, the sensor array and the associated controller circuit can be integrated in a semiconductor circuit, and the light source device of the light tracing device, the integrated sensor array and the controller can be packaged in the tracing device On a circuit board, therefore, the present invention does not require special optical acquisition devices, such as specific lenses and special semiconductor processes (such as CIS) to improve sensitivity.

In this example, a sensor array 32 is shown disposed on a circuit board 30 within a device (such as an optical mouse or a specific pointing device). The sensor array 32 includes a plurality of sensing elements 301 arranged in an array. The sensor array 32 and the circuit-integrated controller 36 can be simultaneously fabricated by an integrated optical sensor array on IC. Each of the sensing elements 301 on the sensor array 32 can obtain a warp plane at a fixed position. Reflected light. The illumination range 303 emitted by a light source device 34 to a plane is illustrated in the figure, and then the light is reflected by the plane and then directed to the sensor array 32, wherein each of the sensing elements 301 respectively receives reflected light in different directions. The photoelectric signal conversion, after the controller 36 and the related circuit in the device obtain the signal, can calculate the statistical average value of the energy received by each of the sensing elements 301, and then calculate the difference between each sensing element 301 and the average value to obtain The spatial interference difference caused by the planar reflection, the controller 36 determines the moving direction based on the accumulated energy difference before and after each time slot.

In the ray tracing device disclosed in the above embodiments, the so-called spatial interference is caused by light rays (especially, the same dimming, but the invention is not limited to the same dimming), which is reflected on the surface having the irregular surface structure and then reflected in different directions. Light interference caused by reflected light, which is reflected to produce a constructive or destructive interference pattern, after which the spatial information of the plane reflection due to relative motion (relative motion of the device and the plane) is obtained by the sensor array. After that, the mobile data is created on the XY plane.

In particular, in an embodiment, the ray tracing device disclosed in the disclosure may be The laser light is an optical indicating device of the light source, such as an optical mouse, wherein the main circuit component comprises a light source device (34) disposed on a circuit board (30) for generating light of an incident surface, including a sensor array (32), wherein there are a plurality of sensing elements (301) arranged in an array, and a controller (36) including the foregoing, the controller (36) coupled to the light source device (34) and the sensor array (32) The optical signal received by the plurality of sensing pixels in the plurality of sensing elements (301) is used to calculate the energy state, and the energy state changes before and after the acquisition time are calculated.

The flow shown in Figure 4 describes the steps of an embodiment of the ray tracing method of the present invention.

In the flow of this embodiment, the step starts as S401, and the light source device provided in the light tracing device emits light to a surface, and then, as in step S403, the reflected light is received by the sensor in the device.

According to an embodiment, the light source is preferably like dimming, and the main purpose is to improve the sensitivity of detecting the moving direction by using the reflected light interference by utilizing the characteristic of the phase shift with less dimming. The light source device may be a laser light device disposed in the light indicating device, and the sensor preferably uses the sensor array as shown in FIG.

Thereafter, the ray tracing method disclosed in the present disclosure mainly calculates the energy state of all or a part of the sensing elements before and after the acquisition time, and then determines a movement according to the change of the energy state of the at least two adjacent sensing elements before and after the acquisition time. The details of the vector, one of which is as follows.

After the sensor receives the reflected light, in step S405, the in-device control circuit calculates the energy received by each of the sensing elements before and after a time slot, and then calculates all or part (may not be all) according to step S407. The sensor pixel receives the energy sufficient to calculate the energy, as shown in the example in Figure 6. The average value of the energy obtained by the sensor element before and after the acquisition time (at least two values are processed at the same time). After calculating the energy average of all the sensing elements and all or part of the sensing elements (for example, the average value of the row average, the column average, the peripheral average, and the central average as the reference average), the sensing elements can be calculated. The difference between the received energy and the statistical average (in an embodiment, the difference here can represent the energy of each sensing element) The quantity state), wherein at least two differences before and after the acquisition time are respectively processed, as by step S409. There may be a difference between the two sets of values before and after the acquisition time, that is, the energy change before and after the time, and then the overall energy adoption may be determined according to the energy change calculated by the plurality of (at least two) adjacent sensing elements in the sensing wafer. The motion vector of the device of the tracing technique is as in step S411.

The step of repeating the above-mentioned ray tracing method can calculate a movement vector of a plurality of acquisition times, and thereby determine a movement trajectory within a certain time. For the manner of judging the relative movement of the device and the surface according to the energy change sensed in each of the sensing elements, reference may be made to the examples described in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, and the steps may refer to the flow shown in FIG. 8.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a sensor array operation calculation energy distribution used by the light tracing device. According to an embodiment of the invention, the proposed tracing calculation mode is through the circuit structure and the sensor shown in the legend. Array.

Figure 5 shows the layout of the sensor array. A plurality of sensing elements are distributed on the XY plane to form an NxM sensor array, including a plurality of sensing elements 501, 502, 503, 504, 505 arranged in an array, respectively arranged along the direction X, Y, actually The number is not limited to this schematic. The main components on the circuit board on which these sensing elements 501, 502, 503, 504, 505 are laid are also a plurality of comparators 521, 522, 523, 524, 525. Each comparator is connected with a sensing element, and the input value is the average voltage signal Vavg of the energy generated by each sensing element for comparing the sensing element sensing. The voltage signal obtained after the light can be compared to obtain the signal value of the high and low voltage. Finally, the tracing method obtains the comparison results of two adjacent sensor values and makes a judgment of the moving direction.

For example, the comparator 521 is coupled to the sensing element 501. One of the input signals, that is, the energy signal generated by the sensing element 501, can be represented by a voltage signal, and the other input terminal is an average voltage signal Vavg, so the comparator 521 is compared. The two input signals can output a comparison result. The present invention preferably expresses the comparison result by a binary characteristic value, such as the high and low voltage signals respectively indicated by H or L in FIG.

According to the ray tracing method described in the disclosure, the manner of tracing is characterized by The energy pattern displayed in the constructive and destructive interference patterns formed by the light (preferably the same dimming) through the plane reflection is used to determine the motion vector through the energy distribution changes at different times. The implementation method is, for example, a method of non-relative view points to do movement judgment, that is, introducing energy information of surrounding sensing elements, and comparing with the average sensing energy to determine the moving direction. It is worth mentioning that this is different from the general method of judging the motion vector by using pixel information. The present invention determines the movement trajectory by using time and calculation energy changes, and the energy change can adopt a binary eigenvalue. (eg, H and L), this binary eigenvalue is a comparison of the readings of the sensing elements with the statistical average.

The procedure for judging the direction of movement by applying different time energy changes is shown in FIG. Step S801 describes that the device first obtains the energy received by each sensor element in the front and rear time (t0, t1), and then calculates the statistical average value of all or part of the sensor element received energy before and after the time energy, as in step S803. After the energy values (which can be represented by voltage signals) obtained at different times between the sensing elements are compared with the average values, the energy changes of the time before and after can be calculated, as in step S805.

Then, referring to the energy change of the adjacent sensing elements at different times (t0, t1), the direction of the energy change before and after the time can be judged, as in step S807. Finally, as shown in step S809, the overall motion vector can be determined by the direction of energy change of the plurality of sensing elements.

In the manner of judging the motion vector by the change of the energy before and after, the energy of the sensing element in the front and back time may be an energy state expressed in the form of a voltage, for example, compared with the average energy value of the whole time at the same time, a figure can be obtained as shown in FIG. 6. The energy state represented by the binary eigenvalue H or L is shown. Therefore, first determining the energy state of each of the sensing elements at the first time (t0) and the second time (t1), and then obtaining the change of the energy state of the at least two adjacent sensing elements from the first time to the second time, can be judged Move the vector.

The judgment of performing the motion vector by using the foregoing two-bit acquisition imaging can refer to FIG. 6 An exemplary illustration of a plurality of sensing elements in the apparatus of the present invention is shown to perform a ray tracing method.

This example shows a plurality of arrays of sensing element combinations 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606. This example only illustrates the identification of the moving vector by the energy changes sensed by the adjacent sensing elements at different times (eg, the first time t0, the second time t1). example.

Where t0 and t1 are the two sampling times before and after, and H and L respectively represent the high and low voltage signals output by the aforementioned comparator, that is, can be regarded as the energy state (the energy state can be binary characteristic compared to the average energy being an energy state) The value indicates), mainly by determining the overall motion vector through the voltage signal transition of the time before and after. Figure 6 shows the energy changes in the individual sensing elements at two different times before and after.

For example, the sensing element combination 601 schematically displays several (at least two) sensing elements, wherein the left side is displayed at the first time t0, and the two sensing elements respectively sense two energy states of L and H; when entering the second time t1 At the same time, the energy changes of the two sensing elements are converted into H and H. When L and H(t0) are converted to H and H(t1), the energy state of the sensing element is changed from L to H, indicating that the right side H is substituted to the left position, so the initial collection time can be determined. The direction of effective sensing in the middle is leftward.

The other group of sensing elements of the sensing element combination 601 has an energy state of H and L at a first time t0; and an energy state of L and L at a second time t1, wherein the energy state of the sensing element is H The transition to L also indicates that the L substitute on the right is at the left position, so it can be judged that there is a leftward moving direction.

For example, if the two sensing elements on the left side of the sensing element combination 602 have L and H energy values at the first time t0, and the second time t1 changes to L and L, it can be seen that the H direction of the left side is L. The right substitute becomes L, so it is initially determined that there is a rightward moving vector.

Similarly, the right side of the sensing element combination 602 has two sensing elements whose energy states are H and L at the first time t0, and then changes to H and H at the second time t1, wherein the right L passes to the left. The H substitute is converted to H, so it can be judged that there is a rightward moving vector.

In the figure, the sensing element combinations 605 and 606 have no arrow indicating direction, and it is judged that in this example, the plurality of sensing elements have no energy change during the acquisition time of the first time t0 and the second time t1, or cannot be judged by the energy change therein. In the moving direction, for example, the sensing element combination 606 is at the first time t0, the energy state is L and H, and by the second time t1, the energy state is changed to H and L, which is impossible to determine the moving direction through the energy state change. Therefore, these two aspects have no valid output signal.

When all the sensing elements of the last two times judge the direction of the respective energy changes, an overall motion vector can be determined as a whole.

Another way of judging the direction of movement is as shown in FIG. 7 , which is a schematic diagram of a method for performing ray tracing on a sensing wafer in the device disclosed in the present invention. In this example, a schematic diagram of a method for recognizing a motion vector by changing the direction of the inductive meta-energy state at different times, where X is an unintentional value, @ is an alignment of the signals sensed by t0 and t1, thereby judging the motion vector.

When the reflected light is received by the sensing chip, the plurality of sensing elements in the sensing chip generate different high and low voltage signals according to the received signal energy and the average energy at different times. In this example, the sensing signal "@" is generated. In some cases, it is still possible that some of the sensing elements have no energy change, or that there is no difference in the voltage signal. At this time, the value shown as "X" is not shown.

According to the embodiment of the figure, in the sensing element combination 701, the energy change of the adjacent sensing element is obtained by the comparator at the first time t0, and is expressed as a state "X@@", wherein "X" is an unintentional value. "@" indicates that there is a high and low voltage change; at the second time t1, the energy change of several adjacent sensing elements is obtained, which is expressed as the state "@@X". The energy state of each sensor element at the first time t0 and the second time t1 changes, and in this example, the display state "X@@" is changed to "@@X", and it can be judged that "@@" is shifted to the left (shift), so It can be judged that this sensor element combination 701 has a change to the left movement as indicated by the arrow in the figure.

In the sensing element combination 702, the energy change of the adjacent sensing element at the first time t0 is represented as the state "@@X", and at the second time t1, the energy state is represented as "X@@", at this time, after the time transition (t0 to t1) is seen, the state "@@" shows a tendency to shift to the right. Therefore, the tracing method disclosed in the present disclosure determines the moving direction of the overall device by utilizing the energy change of the time before and after.

It is worth mentioning that when the direction of movement is judged, since the invention adopts the sensor array, the slight error does not affect the result of the overall judgment. If the tracing method is applied to a computer optical mouse, the moving frequency of the general user operating the mouse is much lower than the processing speed of the control circuit, and some slowly changing reference values do not affect the overall judgment.

In summary, according to the embodiment disclosed in the disclosure, the present invention relates to a method for ray tracing according to reflection interference and a ray tracing device, in particular, using the same dimming interference pattern and binary acquisition imaging as the basis for judging the movement trajectory. The ray tracing device disclosed therein is integrated in a semiconductor package, thereby effectively suppressing internal intrinsic noise, and the device using the tracing method particularly uses the same dimming as the light source, and the same dimming can be improved. Sensing the sensitivity of the optical sensor that reflects the reflected light.

However, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent structural changes that are made by using the specification and the contents of the present invention are equally included in the present invention. Within the scope, it is combined with Chen Ming.

30‧‧‧ boards

32‧‧‧Sensor array

301‧‧‧Feeling element

34‧‧‧Light source device

303‧‧‧Scope of illumination

36‧‧‧ Controller

Claims (8)

A method of ray tracing, comprising: a sensing wafer receiving a reflected light reflected from a surface, the sensing wafer comprising a plurality of sensing elements arranged in an array, the reflected light being emitted by a light source device to the surface The light source of the light source device is a coherent light source; the plurality of sensing elements of the sensing chip obtain an image of constructive and destructive interference of light generated in various reflected light paths, and the incident light of the homogenous light source can enhance interference The effect is obtained by calculating the energy received by each sensor element before and after an acquisition time, and obtaining an average energy value according to the energy information of all or part of the sensor elements collected before and after the acquisition time, and calculating each sensor element Energy states at different times and at different locations; and determining a motion vector based on changes in energy states of the at least two neighboring sensing elements in the sensing wafer before and after the acquisition time. The ray tracing method according to claim 1, wherein the light source device is a laser light device provided in a light indicating device. The ray tracing method of claim 1, wherein the sensing chip is a sensor array having the plurality of sensing elements arranged in an array, and is disposed in the light indicating device for receiving the reflection Light. The ray tracing method of claim 3, wherein the moving vector of the plurality of acquisition times is calculated by repeating the step of the ray tracing method, and a movement trajectory is determined accordingly. The ray tracing method of claim 1, wherein the acquiring time is formed by a first time and a second time, and the calculating step of the energy state of the sensing element at the first time or the second time Include: calculating a statistical average of the energy received by all or a portion of the sensing elements; Calculating a difference between the energy received by each of the sensing elements and the statistical average, wherein the difference is an energy state of each sensing element at the first time or the second time. The ray tracing method of claim 5, wherein calculating the energy state change of the at least two adjacent sensing elements before and after the collecting time comprises: determining each of the sensing elements in the first time energy state; And sensing a change in an energy state of the at least two adjacent sensing elements from the first time to the second time to determine the motion vector; wherein the energy state is one or two Meta-feature value representation. A light tracing device comprising: a light source device for generating light incident on the surface, the light source of the light source device is a coherent light source; and a sensor array comprising the plurality of sensing elements arranged in an array, The plurality of sensing elements obtain images of constructive and destructive interference of light generated in the reflected light path of the light incident on the surface, and the incident light of the coherent light source can enhance interference effects; and a controller, The light source device and the sensor array are coupled to obtain the optical signals received by the plurality of sensing elements, wherein an average energy value is obtained according to energy information of all or part of the sensing elements collected before and after the collecting time, and is calculated. An energy state of each of the sensing elements at different times and at different positions, and calculating a change in energy state of the at least two adjacent sensing elements before and after the collecting time; wherein the sensor array and the controller are integrated in a semiconductor circuit, The light source device, the integrated sensor array, and the controller are packaged on a circuit board within the light tracing device. The ray tracing device of claim 7, wherein the ray tracing device is an optical pointing device that uses laser light as a light source.