TWI477815B - Display apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Display device

The present invention relates to a display device.

In recent years, with the continuous advancement of display technology, users have become more and more demanding on the display quality of displays (such as image resolution, color saturation, etc.). However, in addition to high image resolution and high color saturation, in order to meet the user's need to interact with the display image, a touch control interface that allows the user to directly touch the display image and interact with the display image is developed.

At present, many touch control interfaces mostly touch a touch panel with a finger to obtain a corresponding message or feedback action. However, such an operation mode tends to cause the touch interface to be contaminated with bacteria or dirt due to long-term contact. In addition, in a specific environment (for example, when the user's hand is contaminated with oil or bacteria), the user may not conveniently use the touch control interface to interact with the image in order to avoid soiling the control panel.

In order to prevent contamination of the touch control interface by bacteria and oil, the industry is expecting an image of a virtual touch interface that can float in space to interact with the user. Therefore, how to make the display image get rid of the change of the distance between the user and the display is an urgent problem to be solved in the industry.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a display device including a plurality of An image generating unit, and each image generating unit includes an image source and a refractive module. The image source provides an image beam. The refractive module is disposed on the transmission path of the image beam and has a refractive power. The refractive module forms an image floating in the air corresponding to the image source, and the refractive module is located between the image source and the image. The image generating units are arranged in an array, and the images formed by the image generating units are arranged in an array and combined into an image frame.

In order to make the above-described features of the present invention more comprehensible, the following detailed description of the embodiments will be described in detail below.

1A is a perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 1B and 1C are respectively side views of the display device of FIG. 1A in two different directions, and FIGS. 1D and 1E are respectively FIG. 1B and FIG. A side view of an image generating unit in Fig. 1C. Referring to FIG. 1A to FIG. 1E , the display device 100 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of image generating units 300 , and each image generating unit 300 includes an image source 110 and a refractive module 200 . Image source 110 provides an image beam 112. In this embodiment, the image source 110 is a display panel, such as a liquid crystal display panel, an organic light emitting diode display panel, a plasma display panel, or other suitable display panel. However, in another embodiment, image source 110 can also be a light emitting element, such as a light emitting diode or other suitable light emitting element. Alternatively, in other embodiments, image source 110 may also be an object that is illuminated by light, such as a slide, a general picture, or any other suitable object.

The refractive module 200 is disposed on the transmission path of the image beam 112 and has a refractive power. The refractive module 200 can include at least one lens. In FIG. 1A, each of the refractive modules 200 includes a lens as an example. The refractive module 200 forms an image 114 corresponding to the image source 110 floating in the air, and the refractive module 200 is located between the image source 110 and the image 114. In the embodiment, the image 114 is a real image of the image source 110 formed by the refractive module 200.

The image generating units 300 are arranged in an array, and the images 114 formed by the image generating units 300 are arranged in an array, and the arrayed images 114 are combined into one image frame. In the present embodiment, the arrays of the image generating units 300 and the images 114 are, for example, two-dimensional arrays, but the invention is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the arrays of the image generating units 300 and the images 114 may also be a one-dimensional array or a three-dimensional array.

In the display device 100 of the present embodiment, a plurality of images 114 of a plurality of image sources 110 floating in the air are respectively formed by a plurality of refractive modules 200, and the images 114 can be combined into one image frame in the air. Therefore, the display device 100 can form an image frame floating in the air. In this way, when the display device 100 is matched with the optical detecting device, the position of the user's finger is detected by the optical detecting device, and whether the user's finger touches the image image floating in the air can be formed. Non-contact floating image touch interface. In other words, the user can interact with the display device 100 in a state where the finger does not touch the display device 100 at all. In this way, when the finger may have germs or oil stains, it will not be contaminated. The display device 100 completes interaction with the display device 100. For example, the display device 100 of the present embodiment can be applied to a medical human-machine interface for infection of a pathogen (for example, an interface for controlling a medical device or an interface of a registration system in an operating room, etc.). In addition, since a plurality of refractive modules 200 are used, the size of each of the refractive modules 200 can be small, and the size of the lenses in the refractive module 200 is small. In this way, the image frame can be formed without using a lens having a large size. Therefore, the display device 100 of the present embodiment can solve the problem that the lens is difficult to manufacture and expensive due to excessive lens size.

In this embodiment, the space in which the image generating unit 300 is located may be defined by an x-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis straight-angle coordinate system that are perpendicular to each other, wherein the optical axis A of the image generating unit 300 is substantially parallel to the z-axis, x The axis is substantially parallel to the direction in which the left eye 50a and the right eye 50b of a user are arranged, and the y-axis is substantially perpendicular to the x-axis and the z-axis.

In this embodiment, each image generating unit 300 conforms to NA≧sin(tan ⁻¹ (Y/L)), where NA is the numerical aperture (NA) of the image generating unit 300, and Y is the image unit 110. The resulting image 114 has a half height (eg, half height in the y direction), and L is the image 114 to the user's monocular (eg, any of the left eye 50a and the right eye 50b) parallel to the refractive module. The distance on the optical axis A of 200 (e.g., the distance in the z direction), and this distance is the shortest distance that a single eye can see a complete image 114. Additionally, image 114 is located between refractive module 200 and eye 50. When the distance between the eye 50 and the image 114 is less than L, the user's eyes will not see the height of a complete image 114 (ie, 2Y), and when the distance between the eye 50 and the image 114 is greater than or equal to L, the user's eyes The height of a complete image 114 (ie 2Y) can be seen. In this embodiment, the image generating unit further conforms to 25 cm ≦L ≦ 2 metric meters, in other words, the image 114 falls at a position accessible to the user's hand or the hand-held article. In this way, the user can interact with the display device 100 by touching the image 114.

In addition, in this embodiment, each image generating unit 300 conforms to NA≧sin(tan ^-1 ((2Y+E)/2D)), where NA is the numerical aperture of the image generating unit 300, and Y is the image unit 300. The half height of the generated image 114 (for example, half height in the x direction), E is the distance between the eyes of the user (ie, the left eye 50a and the right eye 50b), and D is the image 114 to both eyes (such as the left eye) The distance between 50a and right eye 50b) is parallel to the optical axis A of the refractive module 200, and this distance is the shortest distance at which both eyes can simultaneously see a complete image 114. When the distance between the eye 50 and the image is greater than or equal to D, the full image height (ie, 2Y) can be seen by any one of the user's left eye 50a and right eye 50b. However, when the distance between the eye 50 and the image 114 is less than D, any one of the user's left eye 50a and right eye 50b will not be able to see the full image height (ie 2Y), for example, the left eye 50a sees the left. The image on the half side does not see the image on the right half, and the right eye 50b sees the image on the right half but does not see the image on the left side. In the present embodiment, 25 cm ≦D ≦ 2 metric meters, in other words, the image 114 falls in a position accessible to the user's hand or the hand-held article.

In this embodiment, the distance between the image frame formed by the image generating unit 300 and the user's eyes 50 is less than or equal to the user's arm. The length in the straightened state. In this way, the user can interact with the image generation unit 300 through the hand.

In this embodiment, each image generating unit 300 further includes an aperture stop 130 disposed on the transmission path of the image beam 112 and located between the image source 110 and the refractive module 200. The aperture stop 130 can limit the opening angle of the image beam 112 such that the image beam 112 generated by the image source 110 of an image generating unit 300 is not transmitted to the adjacent image generating unit 300. As a result, the images 114 generated by the image units 300 do not partially overlap each other, thereby improving the correctness and clarity of the image. 2A is a front elevational view of the refractive module of FIG. 1A, and FIG. 2B is a front elevational view of the image of FIG. 1A. For example, as shown in FIG. 2A , there is a gap between the refractive modules 200 of the adjacent two image generating units 300 . In the present embodiment, there are gaps between the images 114 respectively generated by the image generating units 300. In this way, it can be further ensured that there is no partial overlap between the adjacent two images 114, as shown in FIG. 2B. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2A , in the embodiment, the lens in the refractive module 200 is, for example, a circular lens, that is, a lens that is axisymmetric with respect to the optical axis A. However, in other embodiments, the lenses of the image generating unit 300 may also be a circular lens, a circular unilateral lens, a circular tangential lens, or a combination thereof.

In other embodiments, the aperture stop 130 may be located between the refractive module 200 and the image 114 or between adjacent lenses arranged along the optical axis A in the refractive module 200. Alternatively, in another embodiment, the edge of a lens in the refractive module 200 can be used as the edge of the aperture stop 130.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A , the display device 100 can further include a frame 120 surrounding the images 114 . These images 114 may be approximately in the same plane as the bezel 120. Under the guidance of the frame 120, the user's eyes 50 can be easily viewed at a position in the space in which the image 114 is located. However, in other embodiments, the display device 100 may not use the bezel 120, and the user's eyes 50 directly look at the image 114.

FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B respectively illustrate the case where the complete image 114 can be seen by any of the eyes of the user and the case where the complete image 114 cannot be seen. Referring to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, if illustrated by way of illustration, the edge ray 112a in the image beam 112 is the edge ray 112a from the left end of the image source (ie, the x coordinate is the smallest) and passes through the right end of the image 114 (ie, the x coordinate is the largest). The edge ray 112b in the image beam 112 is the edge ray 112b from the right end of the image source (ie, the x coordinate is the largest) and passes through the left end of the image 114 (ie, the x coordinate is the smallest). When the left eye 50a and the right eye 50b of the user both fall in the space between the edge beam 112a and the edge beam 112b (as shown in FIG. 3A), the image 114 can be seen by both the left eye 50a and the right eye 50b. The full height in the x direction. When one of the left eye 50a and the right eye 50b (the left eye 50a as shown in FIG. 3B) falls in the space between the edge beam 112a and the edge beam 112b, the other eye (as shown in FIG. 3B) The right eye 50b) falls outside the space between the edge beam 112a and the edge beam 112b, and the eye falling in this space (such as the left eye 50a) can see the full height of the image 114 in the x direction, but falls here. An eye outside the space (such as the right eye 50b) cannot see the full height of the image 114 in the x direction.

Similarly, in the other direction (such as the y direction), if the user's eye 50 is located at the upper end from the image source 110 (such as the y coordinate is the largest) and the edge of the image through the lower end of the image 114 (such as the smallest y coordinate) When the lower end of the image source 110 (e.g., the y coordinate is the smallest) and passes through the space between the edge rays of the upper end of the image 114 (e.g., the y coordinate is the largest), the eye 50 can see the full height of the image 114 in the y direction. However, if the eye 50 is outside of this space, the image 50 cannot see the full height of the image 114 in the y-direction. 4 is another variation of the display device of FIG. 1C. As shown in FIG. 4, the user's eye 50 falls on the optical axis A of the fourth image generating unit 300 from the top, and the optical axis A of the four image generating units 300 in FIG. 4 is, for example, The pixels 50 are parallel to each other, and the eye 50 falls in the space between the opposite edge rays of the fourth image generating unit 300, and falls in the space between the opposite edge rays of the third image generating unit 300, but Falling out of the space between the opposite edge rays of the first and second image generating units 300, the eye 50 can see the full height of the third image 114 and the fourth image 114 from the top down. However, the full height of the first and second images 114 counted from top to bottom cannot be seen. Therefore, in the embodiment of FIG. 4, when the user is at a distance that the hand can touch the image 114, the user's eyes see a part of the images 114, and the user's eyes move to different positions to see the images. Different parts of 114.

Referring again to FIG. 1C, if the eye 50 is to be able to see the full height of the image 114 in the y direction without moving, the optical axis A of the image generating unit 300 can be brought close to the eye. 50 For concentration, it is more divergent near the image source 110. Specifically, the optical axis A of each image generating unit 300 has a first end E1 at the image source and a second end E2 near the user's eye 50, and the optical axes A of the image generating units 300 These second ends E2 are concentrated than these first ends E1. In this way, the eye 50 can be placed in the space between the opposite edge rays of any of the image generating units 300, and the eye 50 can see the full height of all the images 114 in the y direction.

In addition, in FIG. 1B, since the user's left eye 50a is located from right to left (ie, along the -x direction) between the opposite edge rays of the second and third image generating units 300 In the space, and outside the space between the opposite edge rays of the first image generating unit, the left eye 50a can see the full height of the second and third images 114 in the x direction, but cannot be seen. The full height of the first image 114 in the x direction. Similarly, since the user's right eye 50b is located in the space between the right and left edge rays of the first and second image generating units 300 from the right to the left (ie, along the -x direction), and Located outside the space between the opposite edge rays of the third image generating unit, so the right eye 50b can see the full height of the first and second images 114 in the x direction, but the third image cannot be seen. 114 The full height in the x direction. In other words, in this case, the user's left eye 50a sees a portion of these images 114, and the user's right eye 50b sees another portion of these images 114.

In an embodiment, the optical axis A of FIG. 1B can also be rotated in a direction parallel to the xz plane, so that the user's eyes fall in the space between the opposite edge rays of all the image generating units 300. That is, the optical axis A is The end near the eye 50 is more concentrated. At this time, all of these images 114 can be simultaneously seen by both eyes of the user. In this embodiment, the optical parameters of the image generating units 300 are substantially identical to each other. For example, the numerical apertures of the image generating units 300 are substantially identical to each other, and the sizes of the images 114 generated by the image generating units 300 are substantially identical to each other. . However, in other embodiments, at least some of the plurality of optical parameters of the image generating unit 300 may be different from each other. For example, the numerical apertures of the image generating units 300 are different from each other, and the sizes of the images 114 generated by the image generating units 300 are substantially identical to each other. Alternatively, the numerical apertures of the image generating units 300 are different from each other, and the sizes of the images 114 generated by the image generating units 300 are different from each other.

In addition, a plurality of images 114 can be formed at different distances by a plurality of image generating units 300 of different optical parameters, so that the image images combined by the images 114 have a sense of depth, and even if the image becomes a stereo image. In the screen, the display device 100 thus becomes a stereoscopic display device. When such a stereoscopic display device is used, it is not necessary to wear a dedicated eye, and there is no crosstalk interference problem of the conventional naked eye display technology. In another embodiment, the image source 110 can also be a stereoscopic display panel, and the display device 100 can be a stereoscopic display device regardless of the plurality of image generating units 300 using the same or different optical parameters.

As can be seen from the above embodiment, the user's shadow eye 50 can see the image 114 at a position near the front of the display device 100. However, when the display device 100 is slanted in a direction that is too oblique, the image 114 cannot be seen, so the display device 100 can achieve anti-peep effect. For example, the display device 100 It is more applicable to a cash dispenser or an access control system with privacy. At this time, the image screen provided by the display device 100 can be a button image floating in the air. At this time, only the user located directly in front of the display device 100 can see the button image and touch the button image, while others located beside the user cannot see the button image. Therefore, others will only see the user's finger moving in space, but they will not see which button the user touched. In this way, the user's privacy can be maintained.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A , the display device 100 further includes an object distance adjustment unit 140 that connects the image sources 110 and the refraction modules 200 to adjust the distance between the image sources 110 and the refraction modules 200 . . For example, the object distance adjustment unit 140 can include a fixed frame 142, a fixed frame 144, and a track 146. The fixing frame 142 fixes the image sources 110, the fixing frame 144 fixes the refraction modules, and at least one of the fixing frame 142 and the fixing frame 144 can move along the rails 146 to change the distance between the image sources 110 and the refraction modules 200 ( That is, the object distance). In the present embodiment, when the fixed frame 142 moves along the track 146, the image sources 110 move together at the same time. Similarly, when the fixed frame 144 moves along the track 146, the refractive modules 200 will also move together. When the object distance is reduced, the distance between the refractive module 200 and the image 114 (ie, the image distance) becomes larger, so that the size of the image 114 becomes larger, and the spacing between the adjacent two images 114 is reduced. When the object distance becomes longer, the distance between the refractive module 200 and the image 114 (ie, the image distance) becomes smaller, so that the size of the image 114 is reduced, and the distance between the adjacent two images 114 becomes larger. When the object distance is shortened from the length, the spacing of the images 114 may be sequentially larger than between the refraction modules 200. The state of the distance is equal to the state of the pitch of the refractive modules 200 and the state of the pitch of the refractive modules 200. The invention does not limit the object distance adjusting unit 140 by the fixing frame 142, the fixing frame 144 and the rail 146, and any other mechanism or mechanical device capable of adjusting the object distance (the "force" herein can be generally referred to as an electrostatic force, a magnetic force, Electromagnetic force, various contact forces, various over-range forces, or various other forces in mechanics can also be used to implement the object distance adjustment unit 140.

An embodiment of the image generating unit 300 will be described below. It should be noted that the data sheets listed in Tables 1 and 2 below are not intended to limit the present invention, and any one of ordinary skill in the art can refer to the present invention after appropriate parameters or settings thereof. The change, but it should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

In Table 1, the pitch refers to the linear distance between two adjacent surfaces on the optical axis A. For example, the distance between the surfaces S1, that is, the linear distance between the surface S1 and the surface S2 on the optical axis A. For the thickness of the lens in the remark column, refer to the value of the spacing in the same column. For the material corresponding to the lens in the remark column, refer to the material number in the same column. For example, “PMMAO” is the material number of the lens.

Further, in Table 1, the surface S1 is the active surface of the image source 110. The surface S2 is an aperture stop 130. The surfaces S3 and S4 are the opposite surfaces of the lens of the refractive module 200, respectively. Surface S5 is image 114. For the parameter values such as the radius of curvature and the spacing of each surface, please refer to Table 1, and will not be repeated here. As can be seen from Table 1, in the present embodiment, the lens of the refractive module 200 has a positive refractive power, and the lens is, for example, a lenticular lens.

Furthermore, the above surfaces S3 and S4 are aspherical, and they can be expressed by the following formula:

Where Z is the offset (sag) in the direction of the optical axis A, and c is the reciprocal of the radius of the osculating sphere, that is, the radius of curvature near the optical axis A (such as the curvature of the inner surfaces S3 and S4 of the table) The reciprocal of the radius). k is a quadric coefficient (conic), r is the aspherical height, that is, the height from the center of the lens toward the edge of the lens, and A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ , A ₄ , A ₅ ... are aspherical coefficients (aspheric Coefficient), where the coefficient A ₁ is zero. Table 2 lists the parameter values for surfaces S3 and S4.

In Table 2, 3.628E-06 means 3.628×10 ^-6 , and other values are deduced by analogy.

In the present embodiment, the image generation unit 300 has an object image magnification of 1, for example, a height of, for example, 7.5 mm, an image height (ie, a height of the image 114) of, for example, 7.5 mm, and a focal length of the refractive module 200 of, for example, 27.39 mm. The numerical aperture of the refractive module 200 is, for example, 0.12, and the difference between the position of the aperture stop 130 and the front focus of the refractive module 200 is, for example, 0.62 mm, but the invention is not limited thereto.

5A and FIG. 5B are respectively side views of the display device in two different directions according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5C is a side view of one of the image generating units of FIG. 5A, and FIG. 6A is a view of FIG. A front view of the refractive module in the middle, and FIG. 6B is a front view of the image in FIG. 5A. Referring to FIGS. 5A to 5C and FIGS. 6A to 6B, the display device 100a of the present embodiment is similar to the display device 100 of FIG. 1A, and the main differences between the two are as follows. In the display device 100a of the present embodiment, the lenses of the refractive module 200a of the image generating unit 300a are a combination of a circular lens 222, a circularly unilateral lens 224, and a circularly tangentially adjacent lens 226. In the present embodiment, the cut edge C1 of the circularly unilateral lens 224 is located on the side close to the center of the display device 100a. Further, any side C2 of the lens 226 that is circularly cut to the adjacent sides is located on one side of the lens 224 near the circular one side. In the present embodiment, the circular lens 222 is located at the center of the display device 100a. In the present embodiment, since the aperture stop 130 limits the opening angle of the image beam 112, if all the lenses adopt a circular lens, for a partial circular lens, the image beam 112 does not pass through the entire lens. Therefore, the portion of the lens through which the image beam 112 does not pass can be trimmed. In this way, some of the refractive modules 200a are subjected to trimming treatment, The distance between the center positions on the optical axis A can be further shortened, thereby reducing the volume of the display device 100a. Further, after shortening the distance of the center position, the images 114 generated by the image generating unit 300a can still maintain a state of being separated from each other.

An embodiment of the image generating unit 300a will be described in the following Tables 3 and 4, but the invention is not limited thereto.

For the description of each physical quantity in Table 3, refer to the description of Table 1.

Further, in Table 3, the surface S1a is the active surface of the image source 110. The surface S2a is an aperture stop 130. The surfaces S3a and S4a are respectively opposite surfaces of the lens of the refractive module 200a. The surface S5a is the image 114. For the parameter values such as the radius of curvature and the spacing of each surface, please refer to Table 3, and will not be repeated here. As can be seen from Table 3, in the present embodiment, the lens of the refractive module 200a has a positive refractive power, and the lens is, for example, a lenticular lens.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned surfaces S3a and S4a are aspherical surfaces, and the above-mentioned aspherical formulas for expressing the surfaces S3 and S4 can be used. For the description of each parameter in the formula, please refer to the above-mentioned aspherical formulas for the surfaces S3 and S4. The description is not repeated here. In the present embodiment, the coefficient A ₁ is zero. Listed in Table 4 are the aspheric parameter values for surfaces S3a and S4a.

In the present embodiment, the image generation unit 300a has an object image magnification of 1, for example, a height of, for example, 7.5 mm, an image height (that is, a height of the image 114) of, for example, 7.5 mm, and a focal length of the refractive module 200a of, for example, 26.87 mm. The numerical aperture of the refractive module 200a is, for example, 0.15, and the difference between the position of the aperture stop 130 and the front focus of the refractive module 200a is, for example, 0.75 mm, but the invention is not limited thereto.

7A and 7B are respectively side views of the display device in two different directions according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7C is a side view of one of the image generating units of FIG. 7A, and FIG. FIG. 8B is a front view of the refractive module of FIG. 7A, and FIG. 9B is a front view of the image in FIG. 7A. Referring to FIGS. 7A to 7C, 8A to 8B, and 9A to 9B, the display device 100b of the present embodiment is similar to the display device 100 of FIG. 1A, and the differences between the two are as follows. In the display device 100b of the present embodiment, the refractive module 200b of each image generating unit 300b includes a plurality of lenses, which in this embodiment includes a first lens 210 and a second lens 220, wherein the first lens 210 is located in the aperture light.阑130 and second Between the lenses 220. In addition, in FIG. 1C, since the optical axis A is concentrated on one side of the eye 50, the image generating units 300 are arranged in an arc shape, and the image 114 is also arranged on a curved surface. However, in the embodiment, the images 114 generated by the image generating units 300b substantially fall on the same plane, which can be made by the positions of the image generating units 300b originally arranged on the arc surface. The generating unit 300b moves in a direction substantially falling on the same plane. As shown in FIG. 7B, the image generating unit 300b located on the upper side and the lower side can move from the original curved position to the -z direction. In this way, the image of the image seen by the user's eyes 50 can be a flat image, rather than a curved image (ie, an arcuate image).

In addition, as shown in FIG. 8A, when the optical axis A of the image generating unit 300b is tilted, the image 114 generated by the image generating unit 300b is also tilted, and the trapezoidal distortion is generated when the user sees the image 114. Keystone distortion). In order to effectively solve the problem of trapezoidal distortion, in the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8B, the image 114 generated by the image generating unit 300b can be tilted relative to the optical axis A of the image generating unit 300b, and the image 114 is compared with respect to The tilt direction of the optical axis A is opposite to the oblique direction of the image source 110 with respect to the optical axis A. In this embodiment, at least some of the image generating units 300b (for example, the image generating unit 300b other than the row of image generating units 300b located in the center of the display device in the y direction) generate images 114 generated by each image generating unit 300b. The optical axis A is inclined with respect to the image generating unit 300b, and the oblique direction of the image 114 with respect to the optical axis A is opposite to the oblique direction of the image source 110 with respect to the optical axis A.

Since the image generation unit 300b toward the edge of the display device 100b is inclined, in the present embodiment, at least some of the image generation units 300b (for example, other than the row of image generation units 300b located in the center of the display device in the y direction) The degree of inclination of the image sources 110 of the image generating unit 300b) with respect to the optical axes A is increased from near the center of the display device 100b toward the edge near the display device 100b. At this time, the optical axis A of the image generating unit 300b can be defined as the optical axis of the refractive module 200b. In this way, all of the images 114 can be placed in the same plane. For example, in an embodiment, referring to FIG. 7B and FIG. 8B, the inclination angle θ of the optical axis B of the image source 110 with respect to the z-axis is, for example, 41 degrees, 35 degrees, and 29 degrees from top to bottom. 23 degrees, 18 degrees, 12 degrees, 6 degrees, 0 degrees, -6 degrees, -12 degrees, -18 degrees, -23 degrees, -29 degrees, -35 degrees, and -41 degrees, but the present invention does not Limited. Further, regarding the above-described inclination angle θ, when the optical axis B extends from the -z direction and the +y direction to the +z direction and the -y direction, the corresponding inclination angle θ is defined as a positive value, and when the optical axis B is - When the z direction and the -y direction extend in the +z direction and the +y direction, the corresponding inclination angle θ is defined as a negative value. As can be seen from FIG. 9A, the refractive modules 200b are gradually tapered from the center to the edges due to the gradual tilting away from the center of the display device 100b. It can be seen from Figure 9B that the dimensions of these images 114 are substantially identical to one another without trapezoidal distortion.

An embodiment of the image generating unit 300b will be described in the following Tables 5 and 6, but the invention is not limited thereto.

For the description of each physical quantity in Table 5, refer to the description of Table 1.

Further, in Table 5, the surface S1b is the active surface of the image source 110. The surface S2b is an aperture stop 130. The surfaces S3b, S4b are the opposite surfaces of the first lens 210, respectively, and the surfaces S5b, S6b are the opposite surfaces of the second lens 220, respectively. Surface S7b is image 114. For the parameter values such as the radius of curvature and the spacing of each surface, please refer to Table 5, and will not be repeated here. It can be seen from Table 5 that in the present embodiment, the refractive powers of the first lens 210 and the second lens 220 are both positive, and the first lens 210 and the second lens 220 are each an aspherical lenticular lens, for example.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned surfaces S3b, S4b, S5b and S6b are aspherical surfaces, and the above-mentioned aspherical formulas for indicating the surfaces S3 and S4 can be used, and the description of each parameter in the formula can be referred to the above-mentioned pair of surfaces S3 and S4. The description of the aspheric formula is not repeated here. In the present embodiment, the coefficient A ₁ is zero. Table 6 lists the aspherical parameter values for surfaces S3b, S4b, S5b, and S6b.

In the present embodiment, the image generating unit 300b has an object image magnification of 1, for example, a height of, for example, 7.5 mm, an image height (ie, a height of the image 114) of, for example, 7.5 mm, and a focal length of the refractive module 200b of, for example, 31.39 mm. The numerical aperture of the refractive module 200b is, for example, 0.25, and the difference between the position of the aperture stop 130 and the front focus of the refractive module 200b is, for example, 1.21 mm, but the invention is not limited thereto.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a display device according to still another embodiment of the present invention. The display device 100c of the present embodiment is similar to the display device 100 of FIG. 1A, and the differences between the two are as follows. In this embodiment, the object distance adjusting unit 140c includes a plurality of sub-adjusting units 141c respectively connected to the image source 110 and the corresponding refraction modules 200 to individually adjust the image source 110 and the refraction module 200 of each image generating unit 300. the distance. In other words, one sub-adjustment unit 141c is similar to an object distance adjustment unit 140 in FIG. 1A, and the difference between the two is that the sub-adjustment unit 141c is connected to one image source 110 and one refraction module 200 in one image generation unit 300. The object distance adjusting unit 140 of FIG. 1A simultaneously connects a plurality of shadows The plurality of image sources 110 and the plurality of refractive modules 200 in the generating unit 300. In this way, in the embodiment, the distance between the image source 110 and the refractive module 200 in the different image generating unit 300 (ie, the object distance) can be adjusted differently. When the object distances in different image generating units 300 are adjusted differently, the corresponding image distances are also different, so that the images 114 do not fall on the same plane, and the user will observe the images 114. I feel that these images 114 have a stereoscopic effect before and after. In other words, at this time, these images 114 can be combined to form a volume image.

In summary, in the display device of the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of images of a plurality of image sources are respectively formed by a plurality of refractive modules, and the images can be combined into an image frame in the air. Therefore, the display device can form an image frame floating in the air. In this way, when the display device is matched with the optical detecting device, the optical detecting device detects the position of the user's finger and determines whether the user's finger touches the image image floating in the air, thereby forming a non- Contact floating image touch interface. In addition, since a plurality of refractive modules are used, the size of each of the refractive modules can be small, and the size of the lenses in the refractive module is small. In this way, the image frame can be formed without using a lens having a large size. Therefore, the display device according to the embodiment of the present invention can solve the problem that the lens is difficult to manufacture and expensive due to excessive lens size.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention, and any one of ordinary skill in the art can make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

50‧‧‧ eyes

50a‧‧‧Left eye

50b‧‧‧ right eye

100, 100a, 100b, 100c‧‧‧ display devices

110‧‧‧Image source

112‧‧‧Image beam

112a, 112b‧‧‧ edge rays

114‧‧‧Image

120‧‧‧Border

130‧‧‧ aperture diaphragm

140, 140c‧‧‧ object distance adjustment unit

141c‧‧ sub-adjustment unit

142, 144‧‧‧ fixed frame

146‧‧‧ Track

200, 200a, 200b‧‧‧ refraction module

210‧‧‧First lens

220‧‧‧second lens

222‧‧‧ Round lens

224‧‧‧Circular unilateral lens

226‧‧‧Circularly cut the lens on the adjacent sides

300, 300a, 300b‧‧‧ image generation unit

A, B‧‧‧ optical axis

C1, C2‧‧‧ trimming

D, L‧‧‧ image to eye distance

E‧‧‧ spacing between eyes

E1‧‧‧ first end

E2‧‧‧ second end

S1~S5, S1a~S5a, S1b~S7b‧‧‧ surface

Half-height of Y‧‧‧ images

Θ‧‧‧ tilt angle

1A is a perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1B and 1C are side views of the display device of FIG. 1A in two different directions, respectively.

1D and 1E are side views of an image generating unit of Figs. 1B and 1C, respectively.

2A is a front elevational view of the refractive module of FIG. 1A.

Figure 2B is a front elevational view of the image of Figure 1A.

FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B respectively illustrate the case where the complete image 114 can be seen by any of the eyes of the user and the case where the complete image 114 cannot be seen.

4 is another variation of the display device of FIG. 1C.

5A and 5B are side elevational views, respectively, of the display device in two different directions according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5C is a side elevational view of one of the image generating units of Figure 5A.

Figure 6A is a front elevational view of the refractive module of Figure 5A.

Figure 6B is a front elevational view of the image of Figure 5A.

7A and 7B are side elevational views, respectively, of the display device in two different directions according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7C is a side elevational view of an image generating unit of Figure 7A.

FIG. 8A illustrates a state in which the optical axis of the image generating unit is rotated but the image source is not rotated.

8B illustrates the rotating image generating unit of FIG. 7B and simultaneously rotates the optical axis status.

Figure 9A is a front elevational view of the refractive module of Figure 7A.

Figure 9B is a front elevational view of the image of Figure 7A.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a display device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

50‧‧‧ eyes

100‧‧‧ display device

110‧‧‧Image source

112‧‧‧Image beam

114‧‧‧Image

120‧‧‧Border

130‧‧‧ aperture diaphragm

140‧‧‧object adjustment unit

142, 144‧‧‧ fixed frame

146‧‧‧ Track

200‧‧‧Refractive Module

300‧‧‧Image Generation Unit

Claims (29)

A display device includes: a plurality of image generating units, each of the image generating units comprising: an image source providing an image beam; and a refractive module disposed on the transmission path of the image beam and having a refractive power, wherein the image is The diopter module forms an image floating in the air corresponding to the image source, and the diopter module is located between the image source and the image; wherein the image generating units are arranged in an array, and the image generating units are formed The images are arranged in an array and combined into an image frame. The plurality of refractive modules of the image generating units are respectively disposed on the transmission paths of the plurality of image beams respectively provided by the plurality of image sources of the image generating units. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the image generating units conforms to NA≧sin(tan ^-1 (Y/L)), wherein NA is a numerical aperture of the image generating unit, and Y is the image The half height of the image produced by the unit, L is the distance of the image to a user's monocular on the optical axis parallel to the refractive module, and the distance is the shortest distance that the single eye can see a complete image. The image is located between the refractive module and the single eye. The display device according to claim 2, wherein 25 cm is ≦L ≦ 2 meters. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the image generating units conforms to NA≧sin(tan ^-1 ((2Y+E)/2D)), wherein NA is a numerical aperture of the image generating unit, Y is the half height of the image generated by the image unit, E is the distance between the eyes of a user, and D is the distance from the image to the optical axis of the two eyes parallel to the refractive module, and the distance is The eyes can simultaneously see a complete shortest distance of the image between the refractive module and the eyes. The display device of claim 4, wherein 25 cm is ≦D ≦ 2 meters. The display device of claim 1, wherein the images generated by the image generating units are real images. The display device of claim 1, wherein the image generating units are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and the images are arranged in a two-dimensional array. The display device of claim 1, wherein an optical axis of each image generating unit has a first end located at the image source and a second end adjacent to a user's eye, the image being located The second ends of the optical axes of the image generating units are concentrated between the refractive modules and the eyes. The display device of claim 8, wherein the images generated by the image generating units substantially fall on the same plane. The display device of claim 8, wherein the image generated by each of the image generating units is tilted relative to the optical axis of the image generating unit, and the image is relatively The tilting direction of the optical axis is opposite to the image source relative to the optical axis Tilt direction. The display device of claim 10, wherein at least some of the image sources of the image generating units are tilted relative to the optical axes from a center of the display device to a proximity of the display device. The edge is incremented. The display device of claim 1, wherein the numerical apertures of the image generating units are substantially identical to each other, and the image sizes generated by the image generating units are substantially identical to each other. The display device of claim 1, wherein the numerical apertures of the image generating units are different from each other, and the image sizes generated by the image generating units are substantially identical to each other. The display device of claim 1, wherein the numerical apertures of the image generating units are different from each other, and the image sizes generated by the image generating units are different from each other. The display device of claim 1, wherein the image source of each of the image generating units is a display panel, a light emitting element or an object illuminated by light. The display device of claim 1, wherein the image generating units respectively generate a gap between the images. The display device of claim 1, wherein the image forming unit forms a distance from the image to a user's eyes that is less than or equal to a length of the user's arm in a straightened state. The display device of claim 17, wherein at the distance, all of the images are simultaneously seen by both eyes of the user. The display device of claim 17, wherein at the distance, the left eye of the user sees a portion of the images, and the right eye of the user sees another portion of the images. The display device of claim 17, wherein at the distance, the user's eyes see a part of the images, and the user's eyes move to different positions to see the images. different section. The display device of claim 1, wherein the refractive module of each of the image generating units comprises at least one lens. The display device of claim 21, wherein the lenses of the image generating units are a circular lens, a circular unilateral lens, a circular tangential lens, or a combination thereof. The display device of claim 22, wherein the cut edge of the circularly unilateral lens is located on a side near the center of the display device. The display device of claim 23, wherein any one of the sides of the circularly adjacent lens is located on one side of the lens adjacent to the circular one side. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the image source is a liquid crystal display panel, an organic light emitting diode display panel, a plasma display panel, a light emitting element, or an object illuminated by light. The display device of claim 1, further comprising an object distance adjusting unit that connects the image sources and the refractive modules to adjust the distance between the image sources and the refractive modules. The display device of claim 26, wherein the object distance adjusting unit comprises a plurality of sub-adjusting units respectively connecting the image sources and the corresponding refraction modules to adjust each of the image generating units separately The distance between the image source and the refractive module. The display device of claim 1, wherein the distance between the images is less than or equal to the pitch of the refractive modules. The display device of claim 1, wherein the distance between the images is greater than the pitch of the refractive modules.