TWI471001B - Server, user equipment, and method for selecting an initial block address and deciding a block request number - Google Patents

Description

Server, user equipment, method of selecting starting block address and method for determining the number of block requests

The present invention relates to a method of data sharing, including a method of selecting a starting block address and determining the number of block requests.

Due to the development of network-related technologies, peer-to-peer (P2P protocol) is used to download various materials such as MP3 or shared resources from the Internet (such as the Internet). Has become an important application of network related technologies. Traditionally, the way to download data from the Internet is usually connected to the network by a user using a server or a computer device, and then the search condition is released. The server or computer device searches through the peer-to-peer network protocol according to the set search conditions, and displays the search result on the display for the user to confirm the download command. After the user releases the download command, the download operation is performed, and the downloaded data is stored in the server or personal computer used by the user.

In the case of downloading an instant media stream using a P2P network, it is also necessary to exchange or obtain a buffer bit-map by a conventional technique. However, it is very inefficient to download the instant media stream in the P2P network environment by means of the temporary map. Because it is an instant media stream, the relay station needs to constantly delete the old live media stream in the buffer to add a new instant media stream. Therefore, the temporary mapping table has been changing. When the user equipment obtains the temporary storage mapping table at this time, the temporary storage mapping table is changed at the next time, so the user equipment needs to continuously obtain the temporary storage mapping table. Constantly updating is not only easy to cause network congestion, but also makes downloading inefficient. Therefore, a method is urgently needed to solve the above problem.

The present invention provides a server, comprising: a communication module, receiving a request packet from a user equipment; a buffer for storing an instant media stream; and a processing unit, after receiving the request packet by the communication module, And selecting a starting block address for downloading the instant media stream to the user equipment according to the latest instant media stream block address, a preset reserved block number and a random block number of one of the buffers.

The present invention provides a user equipment suitable for a peer-to-peer (P2P) network architecture, comprising: a communication module that receives a starting block address packet from a server; and a processing unit that receives the communication module After the start block address packet, according to a first preset block request number and a start block address, the user equipment connected to the P2P network is requested to download the block, and according to the first pre- The number of block requests and the number of blocks that failed to be downloaded are selected by a second preset block request number; wherein the start block address is obtained by decoding the start block address block by the communication module.

The present invention provides a method for selecting a starting block address, including: storing an instant media stream; receiving a request packet from a user equipment; and according to a latest instant media stream block address, a preset The number of reserved blocks and the number of random blocks are selected as a starting block address for downloading the instant media stream to the user equipment.

The present invention provides a method for determining the number of block requests, which is applicable to a peer-to-peer (P2P) network architecture, including: receiving a starting block address packet from a server; and requesting according to a first predetermined block The number and a starting block address are requested to download the block to other user equipments connected to the P2P network, and select a second preset area according to the first preset block request number and the number of download failed blocks. The number of block requests; where the starting block address is obtained by decoding the starting block address block.

In order to make the invention, the method, the objects and the advantages of the present invention more obvious, the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

FIG. 1 shows a communication system 100 for selecting a starting block address and determining a block request number according to an embodiment of the present invention. Communication system 100 includes a peer-to-peer (P2P) network 102, a relay station 104, an instant media stream source 106, and user equipment 108. For example, relay station 104 can be a server or an electronic device having the same functionality disposed in the Internet to process an instant media stream from instant media stream source 106. The relay station 104 includes a processing unit 110, a communication module 112, and a buffer 114. The processing unit 110 can be a single central processing unit (CPU) or a plurality of parallel processing units associated with a parallel processing environment for executing operating systems, modules, applications, and selection initiations. Block address. The communication module 112 can be a network interface card for receiving instant media streams or packets from the instant media stream source 106 and the user device 108. The buffer 114 is used to store an instant media stream from the instant media stream source 106. For example, the instant media stream can be an instant media stream such as an instant news report, an instant concert broadcast, an instant announcement broadcast, and the like. For example, user device 108 can be an electronic device that can be connected to P2P network 102, such as a personal computer, laptop, tablet, handheld device, or the like. User device 108 includes processing unit 116, communication module 118, and buffer 120. The processing unit 116 can be a single central processing unit (CPU) or a plurality of parallel processing units associated with a parallel processing environment for executing operating systems, modules, applications, and decision blocks. The number of requests. The communication module 118 can be a network interface card for receiving instant media streams or packets from the relay station 104 and/or other user devices 108. Buffer 120 is used to store instant media streams from other user devices 108 and/or relay stations 104.

The instant media stream source 106 is configured to stream the instant media stream to the relay station 104. The buffer 114 is configured to store the received instant media stream. When the user equipment 108 wants to obtain the instant media stream from the instant media stream source 106, the user equipment 108 first transmits a request packet P _request to the communication module 112 of the relay station 104 to request to download the starting block of the instant media stream. Address. When the communication module 112 receives the request packet P _request from the user equipment 108, the processing unit 110 of the relay station 104 performs a selection of the starting block address for downloading the instant media stream for the user equipment 108 according to the request packet P _request. .

Figure 2 is a diagram showing the mechanism for selecting a starting block address in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 2, the buffer size n _relay of the buffer 114 of the relay station 104, the latest instant media stream block address s _{latest in the} buffer 114, the preset reserved block number n _p , and the number of random blocks are displayed. n _r and the selected starting block address s _ini . For example, buffer 114 stores the instant media stream from instant media stream source 106 in units of blocks. When the communication module 112 receives the request packet P _request from the user equipment 108, the processing unit 110 performs an operation of selecting the starting block address, as shown in the following formula:

Start block address s _ini = latest live media stream block address s _latest - (preset reserved block number n _p + random block number n _r ), where the preset reserved block number n _p and The sum of the number of random blocks n _r must be smaller than the buffer size n _{relay of the} relay station 104. In other words, the sum of the size of the preset reserved block and the size of the random block needs to be smaller than the buffer size n _{relay of the} relay station 104.

In this embodiment, the preset reserved block number n _p is used to prevent the starting block address obtained by the user equipment 108 from being too close to the latest real-time media stream block address s _latest . For example, when the preset number of reserved blocks n _p is larger, the obtained starting block address will be farther from the latest instant media stream block address s _latest . Conversely, the smaller the preset reserved block number n _p is, the closer the resulting starting block address will be to the latest instant media stream block address s _latest . When the user equipment 108 receives too close to the latest instant media stream block address s _latest , the user device 108 may not be able to obtain the desired instant media stream block from other user devices 108 connected to the P2P network 102. Therefore, the relay station 104 is requested to download the desired instant media stream directly. If a large number of user equipment 108 obtains a starting block address that is too close to the latest real-time media stream block address s _latest , the user equipment 108 requests the relay station 104 to download the desired instant media string. Flow block. In this case, the relay station 104 is prone to excessive load and is also prone to network congestion. Therefore, the preset reserved block number n _{p is} used in the present embodiment to avoid the aforementioned problem.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of random blocks n _r is used to enable different user equipments 108 to obtain different starting block addresses. Because the present invention is built in a P2P sharing environment, when different user devices 108 get different starting block addresses, the sharing rate of the instant media stream in the P2P network 102 can be improved. If different user devices 108 each have a different instant media stream, when the new user device 108 enters the P2P network 102, the new user device 108 can receive the starting block bit selected by the processing unit 110 of the relay station 104. After the address, the other user device 108 obtains the instant media stream to be downloaded. Therefore, the P2P block sharing rate will increase.

After the processing unit 110 of the relay station 104 calculates the starting block address of the user equipment 108 to be configured for the transmission request according to the mechanism for selecting the starting block address, the communication module 112 transmits a starting block address packet P. _Ini to user device 108. For example, the starting block address packet P _ini includes a starting block address configured for the user equipment 108 to download the instant media stream. After the communication module 118 of the user equipment 108 receives the initial block address packet _Pini transmitted from the communication module 112, the communication module 118 of the user equipment 108 decodes the initial block address packet _Pini . The starting block address is addressed to other user devices 108 via the network to download the instant media stream. The communication module 118 requests the other user equipment 108 to download the instant media stream according to a mechanism of the number of block requests and the starting block address.

Figure 3 is a diagram of the mechanism for determining the number of block requests in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 3, the number of block requests preset at time i is displayed. Number of blocks successfully downloaded at time i Number of blocks that failed to download at time i The start block address s _ini and the buffer size n _client of the buffer 120 of the user equipment 108. The user device 108 downloads the instant media stream in units of blocks. When user device 108 requests other user devices 108 to download an instant media stream, processing unit 116 calculates the number of blocks to request. When the user equipment 108 requests to download the instant media stream for the first time, there is a preset number of block requests. . The number of blocks that were successfully downloaded this time is And the number of blocks that failed to download is At this time, the mechanism for the number of block requests will calculate the number of next block requests. The formula is as follows:

,among them Indicates the number of block requests preset at the next time.

In the transmission of the network, some request block download failures may occur due to congestion or the like, so when the block download failure occurs, the processing unit 116 reduces the number of block requests according to the above mechanism to reduce unnecessary block requests. In order to reduce the cost of P2P operation. In an embodiment, when the user equipment 108 fails to download the block for a predetermined time, the processing unit 116 increments the number of block requests on the next block request.

Figure 4 is an embodiment of a communication system in accordance with the present invention. In FIG. 4, the latest instant media stream block address of the buffer 114 of the relay station 104 is 63, and the number of preset reserved blocks is 20. When the communication module 118 of the user equipment 108 transmits the request packet P _request to the relay station 104, the number of random blocks at this time is 11. The processing unit 110 of the relay station 104 knows by calculation 63-(11+20)=32 that the starting block address assigned to the user equipment 108 is 32. The communication module 112 then transmits the starting block address packet _Pini containing the starting block address 32 to the user device 108. Then, the communication module 118 of the user equipment 108 requests the other user equipment 108 to download the block according to a preset number of block requests 48 and the starting block address 32. As shown in the figure, the number of blocks successfully downloaded by the user device 108 is 32, and the number of blocks that have failed to be downloaded is 16, so that the number of block requests for the next preset is 32 after being calculated by the processing unit 116. In this embodiment, when the block download failure does not occur after 2 minutes elapse, the preset number of block requests is incremented on the next request. Further, in the present embodiment, the number of block requests is smaller than the buffer size of the buffer 120.

Figure 5 is a data sharing method according to the present embodiment, the method comprising selecting a portion of a starting block address and a portion determining a number of block requests. In step S502, the relay station 104 receives a request packet P _request from the user equipment. In step S504, the relay station 104 calculates the starting block address using s _ini = s _latest - (n _p + n _r ), s _ini is the starting block address, and s _latest is the latest instant media stream block. The address, n _p is the preset number of reserved blocks and n _r is the number of random blocks. In step S506, the relay station 104 transmits a starting block address packet _Pini to the user equipment that sent the request packet P _request , wherein the starting block address packet _Pini contains the downloaded instant media stream configured to the user equipment. The starting block address. In step S508, the user equipment receives the start block address packet P _ini from the relay station 104 and decodes the start block address. In step S510, the downloading block is requested to be connected to other user equipments connected to the P2P network according to a preset number of block requests and a starting block address. In step S512, the user equipment utilizes Set the number of block requests for the next preset to the number of blocks for which the download was successful. The number of block requests preset for the next time, The number of block requests for this preset and The number of blocks that failed to download. In step S514, when the block download failure does not occur after a preset time elapses, the user equipment increments the preset number of block requests on the next block request, wherein the preset number of block requests is smaller than the user. The buffer size of the device. In step S516, the download of the instant media stream is ended.

The system and method proposed by the foregoing embodiments can improve the sharing rate of the user equipment block and reduce and balance the load of the relay station under the P2P network architecture. There is no need to exchange or obtain a buffer bit-map. In addition, it can reduce unnecessary block requests and effectively reduce the operating cost of P2P. It is also possible to achieve the performance of an ideal P2P through self-adaptation and fast convergence of the number of block requests.

The above paragraphs are described in various levels. Obviously, the teachings herein can be implemented in a variety of ways, and any particular architecture or function disclosed in the examples is merely representative. In light of the teachings herein, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented independently or two or more layers can be combined. By way of example, a certain device or a method may be implemented or implemented in a manner that is in any number of ways as referred to in the foregoing. In addition, implementation of a device or implementation of a method may be added to or different from one or more of the layers discussed above in any other architecture, or functionality, or architecture and functionality.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention may be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application attached.

100‧‧‧Communication system

102‧‧‧P2P network

104‧‧‧Relay station

106‧‧‧Instant media streaming source

108‧‧‧User equipment

110, 116‧‧‧ processing unit

112, 118‧‧‧ communication module

114, 120‧‧‧ buffer

n _relay , n _client ‧‧‧ buffer size

s _latest ‧‧‧The latest instant media streaming block address

n _p ‧‧‧The number of preset reserved blocks

n _r ‧‧‧Number of random blocks

s _ini ‧‧‧ starting block address

‧‧‧The number of preset block requests

‧‧‧Number of blocks successfully downloaded at time i

‧‧‧Number of blocks that failed to download at time i

1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment; FIG. 2 is a method of selecting a starting block address according to an embodiment; and FIG. 3 is a number of determining a block request according to an embodiment. The method of FIG. 4 is a data sharing method according to an embodiment; and FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the data sharing method according to the embodiment.

Claims (18)

A server includes: a communication module that receives a request packet from a user equipment; a buffer that stores an instant media stream; and a processing unit that receives the request packet after the communication module receives the a new instant media stream block address, a preset reserved block number and a random block number of the buffer, and a starting block address configured to be downloaded to the user equipment to download the instant media stream . The server according to claim 1, wherein the processing unit selects the starting block address according to s _ini =s _latest -(n _p +n _r ), and s _ini is the starting block bit The address, s _latest is a latest instant media stream block address, n _p is the number of preset reserved blocks, and n _r is the number of random blocks. The server of claim 1, wherein after the processing unit selects the starting block address, the communication module transmits a starting block address packet containing the starting block address to The above user equipment. The server of claim 1, wherein the sum of the number of the preset reserved blocks and the number of random blocks is smaller than a buffer size of the buffer. A user equipment, suitable for a peer-to-peer (P2P) network architecture, comprising: a communication module that receives a new instant media stream block address from a server, a predetermined number of reserved blocks, and a a number of random blocks, a starting block address packet transmitted after selecting a starting block address; a processing unit, after receiving the start block address packet, the communication module is connected to the P2P network according to a first preset block request number and the start block address The user equipment requests to download the block, and selects a second preset block request number according to the first preset block request number and the number of download failed blocks; wherein the start block address is by the foregoing The communication module decodes the above starting block address packet. The user equipment of claim 5, wherein the processing unit is based on Selecting the number of the second preset block requests mentioned above, Requesting the number of the second preset block mentioned above, Requesting the number of the first preset block mentioned above, and The number of blocks that failed to download as described above. The user equipment of claim 5, wherein the number of blocks in which the download fails is the number of blocks that the communication module fails to download after downloading the block according to the number of the first preset block requests. The user equipment of claim 5, wherein the number of the second preset block requests is equal to the number of blocks successfully downloaded. The user equipment of claim 8, wherein the number of successfully downloaded blocks is the number of blocks successfully downloaded by the communication module after downloading the block according to the first predetermined block request number. A method for selecting a starting block address, comprising: receiving a request packet from a user equipment; and according to a new instant media stream block address, a preset reserved block number, and a random block number , select the configuration to download to the above user equipment A starting block address of an instant media stream. For example, the method for selecting a starting block address according to claim 10, wherein the starting block address is determined by s _ini =s _latest -(n _p +n _r ), s _ini is The initial block address, s _latest is a latest instant media stream block address, n _p is the preset reserved block number, and n _r is the number of random blocks. The method for selecting a starting block address as described in claim 10, further comprising: after selecting the starting block address, transmitting a starting block address packet including the starting block address; To the above user equipment. The method for selecting a starting block address as described in claim 10, wherein the sum of the number of the preset reserved blocks and the number of random blocks is less than a buffer size of a buffer of one of the relay stations. A method for determining the number of block requests, applicable to a peer-to-peer (P2P) network architecture, comprising: receiving from a server according to a new instant media stream block address, a preset reserved block number, and a a number of random blocks, selecting a starting block address, and transmitting a starting block address packet; and connecting the starting block address to the P2P network according to a first predetermined block request number The other user equipments of the path request to download the block, and select a second preset block request number according to the first preset block request number and the number of download failed blocks; wherein the start block address system is It is obtained by decoding the above starting block address packet. The method for determining the number of block requests according to claim 14 of the patent application, wherein the number of the second preset block requests is selected Obtained, Requesting the number of the second preset block mentioned above, Requesting the number of the first preset block mentioned above, and The number of blocks that failed to download as described above. The method for determining the number of block requests, as described in claim 14, wherein the number of blocks in which the download fails is a block in which the user device downloads the block according to the number of the first preset block request, and the download fails. number. The method for determining the number of block requests as described in claim 14, wherein the number of the second preset block requests is equal to the number of blocks successfully downloaded. The method for determining the number of block requests, as described in claim 17, wherein the number of blocks successfully downloaded is a block that is successfully downloaded by the user equipment after downloading the block according to the number of the first preset block request. number.