TWI466167B - Light source powered by microwave energy - Google Patents

Description

Light source powered by microwave energy

The invention relates to a light source for a microwave powered luminaire.

It is known to excite a discharge system in a container in order to generate light. Typical examples are lamps for sodium discharge lamps and fluorescent tubes. The latter uses mercury vapor, which produces ultraviolet radiation. This, in turn, excites the phosphor to produce light. Compared to tungsten lamps, such lamps are more efficient from the lumens of light emitted per watt of electricity. However, these luminaires still suffer from the absence of the desired electrodes within the container. Since these electrodes have the current required for discharge, the lamps will decay and eventually fail.

We have developed an electrodeless bulb luminaire, such as one shown in our patent application No. PCT/GB2006/002018 (our "'2018" luminaire), one of the one shown in PCT/GB2005/005080 for this A lamp for a luminaire and a matching circuit for a microwave powered luminaire as shown in PCT/GB2007/001935. These are all about lamps that operate without electrodes by using microwave energy to stimulate the luminescent plasma in the bulbs. </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; If an air waveguide is used, the luminaire is cumbersome because the physical size of the waveguide is a fraction of the wavelength of the microwave in the air. This is not a problem for example street lighting, but this type of light is not suitable for many applications. For this reason, our '2018 luminaire uses a dielectric waveguide that actually reduces the wavelength at the 2.4 GHz operating frequency. The luminaire It is suitable for home appliances such as rear projection TVs.

We now believe that combining the bulb and the waveguide into a single component is feasible.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved luminaire having such a combined bulb and waveguide.

According to the present invention, there is provided a light source powered by microwave energy, the light source having: a solid plasma pulp having a material transparent or translucent to provide an outlet therefrom, the plasma cartridge containing a sealed space, a surrounding of the electricity a Faraday fence around the pulp, at least a portion of which is light transmitted to allow light to exit the plasma when the microwave is sealed, a filler, and the material in the space can be excited by microwave energy to form a light therein. a plasma, and an antenna disposed in the plasma crucible to deliver plasma-induced microwave energy to the filler, the antenna having: a connecting device extending outside the plasma to couple to a microwave energy source; the configuration allows light from the plasma of the space to penetrate the plasma and radiate from the plasma through the barrier.

As used in this specification: "transparent" means that the material described as being light transmissive is transparent or translucent.

"Microplasm" means a closed body containing a plasma which is the space when the latter filler is excited by the microwave energy from the antenna.

Typically, the tantalum material will be a solid dielectric material.

However, it is conceivable that the solid state plasma pulp can have different structures and constituent molecules as a whole, especially in that it is sealed by more than one object, and we usually expect it to be truly homogeneous.

In our study of microwave driving of luminescent plasmas, a separate bulb is typically used to mount in the waveguide, and it is known that at least one primary resonance in a resonant waveguide is not critical to the transmission of microwave energy into the excitable material. Accordingly, the solid plasma raft having space, filler, and antenna need not be a resonant waveguide. However, we prefer to use resonance. For example, in the second embodiment described below, the plasma raft is an annular section and is sized to provide a half wave extending over its inner diameter.

The light source is usually used in conjunction with light reflected in a particular direction. An external reflector can be provided, or as in the second embodiment, the plasma can be shaped to reflect light in a particular direction. The contoured surface can be ground to rely on total internal reflection. Alternatively, it can be metallized to enhance reflection. In this case, the metallization can form part of the Faraday fence. In another alternative embodiment, the plasma crucible can be combined with a complementary reflector positioned to reflect light back to the plasma crucible.

Although other materials are also suitable, it is envisaged that the plasma crucible will be quartz or sintered transparent ceramic material. In particular, the ceramic material can be translucent or transparent. A suitable translucent ceramic example is polycrystalline alumina, and a transparent ceramic example is polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet-YAG. Other possible materials are aluminum nitride and single Crystal sapphire.

The Faraday barrier can be provided by coating the plasma crucible with a thin layer of a conductive transparent material such as indium tin oxide. Alternatively, the plasma crucible can be packaged in a wire mesh. Furthermore, the conductor mesh can be melted into the plasma material as the plasma material extends beyond the mesh.

When there is a suitable material to resist the filler intrusion, especially in the plasma raft having a wall surface smaller than the distance from the side or end of the Faraday fence to the other side or end of the plasma raft Where the thickness is, the antenna can extend into the plasma space. In this example, the resonance is mainly established in the space. Such an antenna may be a short rod that extends into the space, but is preferably a thin plate that is laterally disposed in the length of the plasma, typically a dish. The connecting means for the antenna may extend from the side to the outside of the plasma, in or near one of the planes of the antenna; or, preferably, the antenna may extend axially beyond the plasma, Transverse to one of the planes of the antenna.

Alternatively, the antenna can be a conductive metal stub extending within the concave corner of the plasma crucible. Such a recessed corner may be a thin-walled projection that projects into the space and has a short rod antenna that acts similarly to the thin-plate antenna just described. The recess angle can be parallel to one of the lengths of the space or transverse to one of the lengths of the space. In the same alternative, the recessed corner may be along the side of the space, where the distance from the side or end of the Faraday fence to the other side or end is small. It has the resonance to establish most of it in the plasma crucible but throughout the plasma crucible. In this example, the electricity The pulp will have a dielectric constant greater than the dielectric constant of the ambient air, and the resonant wavelength will be shorter than its free space wavelength.

When the plasma crucible is a resonant microwave wavelength or an integral multiple of the resonant microwave wavelength in the plasma crucible, it is preferably one-half of the wavelength.

The filler material can be any of a number of components known to emit light from a plasma or a combination thereof.

Preferably, the Faraday fence includes at least one aperture to locally increase light transmission therethrough. Typically, the aperture will be no more than one tenth of the free space wavelength of the microwave in the crucible. Typically, for 2.45 GHz operation, the aperture will not be greater than 1/10 x 12.24 cm, which is 12.24 mm, and for 5.8 GHz, no greater than 6.12 mm.

More than one aperture can be provided. For example, where the selected light system is from both the axial and radial directions of the crucible, the corresponding location aperture can be provided.

The supply of the aperture area allows more of the light from the source to radiate than when there is no void area.

Preferably, the light-transmissive plasma pulp has: a hole having a stepped structure and a counterbore extending from the space to the surface of the first surface and a transparent material in the counterbore and sealed to the crucible plug.

The step structure and the space can be formed by mechanical drilling of the crucible material or other forming mechanisms such as casting.

When the artificial sapphire for the plug and the transparent alumina for the crucible are known to have a compatible coefficient of thermal expansion, the plug and the crucible may be Different materials, generally they will typically be the same material as quartz.

Furthermore, the plug can be sealed by a fusible material such as a glass frit between the plug and the crucible, but in the preferred embodiment, the plug and the tether are melted by themselves. The material is used for sealing. For melting, the crucible can be heated as a whole. However, local heating to the melting range is preferred. Typically, this can be done with a laser.

The plug may have the same depth as the step structure, in this case the plug is flush with the surface of the crucible. However, the plug can float out of the surface. These two alternatives apply to situations where the space is close to the surface of the crucible. In a third alternative in which the space is deeper into the crucible, the plug is recessed. In the latter embodiment, the length of the countersink to the surface may be filled by a further plug of the same material secured in the counterbore, but without sealing, the further plug is flush with the surface. This configuration allows the space to be centered in the crucible and has its dielectric material behave like a single solid body (with that central space).

Preferably, the light source is combined with a microwave source and a matching circuit to form a single integrated structure of the luminaire.

In the preferred embodiment, the microwave source is a magnetron. Typically, the magnetron power will be 1 kilowatt.

In the preferred embodiment, the matching circuit is an impedance adjuster, conventionally a three-stage regulator.

It should be noted that it is generally desirable to use the light source of the present invention to produce visible light, but they are equally suitable for producing invisible light, especially ultraviolet light.

Referring to the drawings of FIGS. 1 to 5, the lamp of the present invention comprises a light source having a form of a light-emitting resonator 1, a magnetic device 2 and an impedance adjuster 3. A reflector 4 is mounted at the junction of the source and the impedance adjuster to direct the light into a substantially collimated beam 5.

The illuminating resonator comprises a crucible 11 composed of a quartz inner envelope and outer envelopes 12, 13. These have annular cylindrical tubes 14, 15 with separate end plates 16, 17. A Faraday fence having a form of a tungsten wire mesh 18 providing a mesh size to the ground in the resonator is sandwiched between the cylindrical tubes and between the end plates. Each of the envelopes including the cylindrical tube and the end plate is sealed. A grounding device 18' extends from the mesh to the outside of the envelope.

The axial length between the wire webs sandwiched between the end plates is λ /2 of the operating microwave frequency. At one end of the crucible, a molybdenum drive connecting device 19 extends to a tungsten disc 20. This system is configured to be transverse to the axis A of the housing and at the end of the housing 1/16 λ from the web. The crucible is filled with a dose of metal halide that excites the plasma material, such as in rare earth gases.

The disc acts as an antenna and is driven by the magnet 2 through the matching circuit 3. The matching circuit has an aluminum air waveguide 32 with the output antenna 22 of the magnetron as its input. The output antenna 33 of the matching circuit is a disk of the resonator antenna disk, for example, and is connected to a connecting device extending outside the matching circuit and insulated from the insulating bushing 35. 34. The matching circuit has three adjustment sections 36, 37, 38. These lines are configured as λ/4 to construct the matching circuit as an impedance regulator.

The matching circuit has flanges 39, 40 at its ends through which the matching circuit is connected to the magnetron and the light source. The latter ends are bonded to a bracket 42 of a ceramic material. This has a hole 43 at the same hole diameter (PCD) as the hole 44 in the flange 40 of the matching circuit, and is fixed by a screw 45. A spacer ring 46 separates the matching circuit and the bracket such that the impedance adjuster and the light source connecting means 34, 19 are coaxial and connected to each other by a clip 47. The reflector 4 is also bolted to the screw between the bracket 42 and the spacer 46. The grounding device 18' is also connected to the screws 45.

Figure 5 shows an alternative illuminating resonator also having an inner quartz envelope and an inner envelope having a ground plane mesh. At the location of the dish antenna 20, a short rod antenna 120 extends into a quartz recessed sleeve 121 on the central axis of the envelopes. This configuration completely insulates the antenna from the fill content of the crucible, which is advantageous in that the filler is particularly aggressive.

In operation, a magnetron, typically rated at 1 to 5 kilowatts, is passed through the impedance adjuster and the antenna 20 or 120 to inject resonant microwave radiation into the bore. This forms a hybrid dielectric resonant chamber. The resonance acts to establish the electric field strength in the chamber such that the filler forms a plasma that emits light. Typically, the resonant mode will be TE101. Further resonance modes are also possible.

Typically at 5.8 GHz, the mesh is between the opposite ends and allows the individual jacket wall thickness to be 1.5 mm. 72 mm and 31 mm in diameter. It will be appreciated that while it is too large for most home use, this size is well suited for lighting a wide range of environments.

The impedance adjuster can have an internal dimension of 114 x 40 x 20 mm. The adjustment segments are set to 1/16λ of the intermediate plane. This has been found to have an advantage.

It is possible to replace the quartz material of the plasma crucible with a transparent ceramic. In this example, the connector in contact with the ceramic may be tantalum. Further, the crucible may be coated with an indium tin oxide-ITO-conducting layer at the location of the webs in the crucible walls.

As shown in FIG. 6, the light source can be welded with a brass solder material 53 to a molybdenum stub 52 to a molybdenum end cap 51 and the molybdenum stub 52 carries a subassembly of a tungsten antenna 54 for construction. The edge 55 of the lid enters the neck 56 of the quartz end covering 57 of the crucible. This subassembly is sealed at the cylindrical body 58 of the crucible and the seal 60 on the opposite end 59. The cover 57 has a charge tube 61 through which the charge of the excitable material and the inert gas fill can be introduced. The tube is blocked. The Faraday fence 62 is provided in the form of an ITO coating.

Turning now to Figures 7 and 8, another luminaire of the present invention will now be described. It has a ground quartz solid plasma crucible 101 containing a flat front face 102 and a dish-shaped back face 103. The front side is coated with indium tin oxide 104 to provide it with electrical conductivity, but still has transparency. Electrically in contact with the ITO layer is a layer of platinum 105 on the back of the dish. Together, the two layers form a Faraday fence that surrounds the quartz plasma crucible.

At the focus of the dish and its central axis is a space 106 filled with a microwave excitable material 107, typically an indium halide in helium. This space is a quartz hole which is sealed by a plug 108 which is melted by a laser sealing method without using other materials.

A quartz container 109 for one of the metal stub antennas 110 is attached along the side of the space. This is directly connected to the output 111 of the matching circuit of the circuit 3, for example. The adapter plate 112 of the circuit has a shape 113 that is complementary to the shape behind the quartz plasma. In order to ground the Faraday fence, a fixed ring 114 pulls the quartz into contact with the end plate.

During microwave transmission from the matching circuit, resonance is generated in the quartz plasma crucible and a plasma is established in the space. The light system is emitted by a halide in the space. The light does not exit the plasma directly through the front face 102 or is reflected away from the front side by the platinum layer 105 of the dish-shaped rear face 103.

Typically, the quartz plasma crucible has a diameter of 49 mm for a 2.4 GHz microwave and 31.5 mm for a 5.8 GHz microwave. In either case, the space has a diameter of 5 mm and the plug is 8 mm long while retaining a 10 mm long space. The antenna space 109 has a diameter of 2 mm and is offset from the space by 5 mm and is attached to the central axis of the plasma crucible.

It should be noted that compared to conventional electrodeless luminaires using small bulbs in opaque waveguides, wherein the optical exit is limited by the diameter of the bulb, the optical exit from all of the front of the waveguide of the present invention can be significantly larger than the plasma space. The diameter of 106, the side and back conduction light can also be reflected forward to the outside of the fixture.

Referring to Figures 9 and 10, a luminaire 201 includes an oscillator 202 and an amplifier 203 that together form a source of microwave energy, typically operating at 2.45 or 5.8 GHz, or other frequencies falling within the ISM band. The source transmits the microwaves through a matching circuit 204 to an antenna 205 that extends into the recess 206 in the transparent plasma pad 207. This is quartz and has a central chamber 208 comprising an inert gas fill and a microwave excitable material that emits light upon excitation by microwaves. The waveguide is transparent and the light can exit the waveguide from either direction, but is limited by the limitations provided by the Faraday fence described below.

The raft is an upright circular cylindrical container of 63 mm length and 43 mm diameter. At the center of the crucible, the space has a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 3 mm. The concave angle is coaxial with the space and has a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 10 mm.

A Faraday fence 209 surrounds the crucible and includes: - a silver reflective coating 210 throughout the end surface 211 having the concave corner of the antenna and typically containing mono-antimony, a tin indium on the end surface 214 An oxide (ITO) deposited layer 212, and a conductive chemical vapor deposition web 215 on the cylindrical surface 216 having fingers 217 extending to the ends for electrical connection The members 210, 212 and 215. The mesh of the mesh is 0.5 mm wide and is placed at a pitch of 6.0 mm.

The Faraday fence is grounded by being received in a recess 218 in a housing 219.

The ITO deposited layer has an electroless 12 mm aperture 220 disposed at the center of the end surface 214, whereby light 221 from the end of the plasma discharger 222 from the space can be directly transferred to the transparent plasma. Faraday fence and decay. Most of the light is attenuated to a certain level but is also transmitted through the Faraday fence.

It should be noted that the Faraday fence may consist entirely of a wire mesh formed around the weir, having a void in the same line as the space.

Referring to Figures 11 and 12 of these figures, a luminaire 301 includes a source of microwave energy oscillator and amplifier 302, typically operating at 2.45 or 5.8 GHz, or other frequencies falling within the ISM band. The source transmits the microwaves through a matching circuit 303 to an antenna 304 that extends into a recess 305 in the light-transmissive plasma raft 306. This is quartz and has a central chamber 307 comprising an inert gas fill and a microwave excitable material that emits light upon excitation by microwaves. The waveguide is transparent and light can exit the waveguide from either direction, but is limited by the limitations provided by the Faraday fence described below.

The raft is an upright circular cylindrical container of 63 mm length and 43 mm diameter. At the center of the crucible, its central horizontal axis A has a diameter of 10 mm and a diameter of 3 mm. The concave angle is coaxial with the space and has a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 10 mm.

A Faraday fence 308 surrounds the crucible and includes: - a silver reflective coating 310 that is present throughout the end surface 310 having the concave corner of the antenna and typically containing a monocrystalline niobium 309, the electroplated layer being reflective to be from The light of the plasma in the space is reflected outside the raft, An indium tin oxide (ITO) deposited layer 311 on the end surface 312 of the crucible, the ITO coating transfers light from the plasma, and a conductive chemical vapor deposition on the cylindrical surface 315 A mesh 314 having fingers 316 extending to the ends to electrically connect the members 309, 311, and 314. Light from the plasma can exit the crucible between the wires.

The Faraday fence is grounded by being partially received in a recess 317 in an aluminum housing 318.

The end surface 312 has a hole 321 for receiving a plug 322 having the same material as the crucible, which is quartz. The aperture defines a stepped structure 324 on which the plug is positioned, the stepped outer surface 325 being flush with the surface 312 and the central space extending to the stepped structure. The plug is sealed to the corners between the hole 321 and the stepped structure 324 by a laser sealing method.

Turning now to Figures 13 and 14, the source of the source of the microwave source and matching circuit, which does not have either the drive antenna and the Faraday fence, is shown to be substantially similar to the light sources of Figures 11 and 12. The crucible 406 has a central space 407 that is truly centered on both the crucible level and the diameter, however, the space 307 is only the center of the diameter. The aperture 421 extends into and into the bore containing the plug 422, which has the same thickness and rests on the stepped structure 424 at the junction of the aperture and the space. The plug 422 is sealed by the laser in the same manner as the plug 322.

The plug 422 in the aperture 421 is externally extended from the plug 422 to a further plug 431 of the serpentine surface 412. So, based on microwave resonance The object is a continuous object having a quartz dielectric constant material.

The invention is not limited by the details of the above embodiments. For example, the two plugs 422 and 431 can be provided in a single unitary manner.

1‧‧‧Resonator

2‧‧‧Magnetic tube

3‧‧‧ Impedance regulator

4‧‧‧ reflector

5‧‧‧ Collimated beam

11‧‧‧坩埚

12‧‧‧ Cover

13‧‧‧ Cover

14‧‧‧ tube

15‧‧‧ tube

16‧‧‧End plate

17‧‧‧End board

18‧‧‧Tungsten wire mesh

18’‧‧‧ Grounding device

19‧‧‧Molybdenum drive connection

20‧‧‧Tungsten disc

22‧‧‧Output antenna

32‧‧‧Air Waveguide

33‧‧‧Output antenna

34‧‧‧Connecting device

35‧‧‧Insulation bushing

36‧‧‧Adjustment section

37‧‧‧Adjustment section

38‧‧‧ adjustment section

39‧‧‧Flange

40‧‧‧Flange

41‧‧‧Blocking materials

42‧‧‧ bracket

43‧‧‧ hole

44‧‧‧ hole

45‧‧‧ screws

46‧‧‧ spacer ring

47‧‧‧ clip

51‧‧‧Molybdenum end cap

52‧‧‧Molybdenum short rod

53‧‧‧Brass soldering material

54‧‧‧Tungsten antenna

55‧‧‧ edge

56‧‧‧ neck

57‧‧‧ Covering

58‧‧‧Cylinder body

59‧‧‧relative ends

60‧‧‧ Sealing

61‧‧‧Charger tube

62‧‧‧Faraday Fence

101‧‧‧Solid plasma

102‧‧‧flat front

103‧‧‧ dishes behind

104‧‧‧Indium tin oxide

105‧‧‧Platinum layer

106‧‧‧ Space

107‧‧‧Materials

108‧‧‧ plug

109‧‧‧ Container

111‧‧‧ Output

112‧‧‧Adapter board

113‧‧‧ shape

114‧‧‧Fixed ring

120‧‧‧Antenna

121‧‧‧ concave angle casing

201‧‧‧Lamps

202‧‧‧Oscillator

203‧‧Amplifier

204‧‧‧Matching circuit

205‧‧‧Antenna

206‧‧‧ concave corner

207‧‧‧Electrical pulp

208‧‧‧central space

209‧‧Faraday Fence

210‧‧‧Reflective coating

211‧‧‧End surface

212‧‧‧Indium Tin Oxide

214‧‧‧End surface

215‧‧‧ mesh

216‧‧‧ cylindrical surface

217‧‧‧ fingers

218‧‧‧ recess

219‧‧‧ Cover

220‧‧‧ pores

221‧‧‧Light

222‧‧‧ Plasma Discharger

301‧‧‧Lighting

302‧‧‧Amplifier source

303‧‧‧Matching circuit

304‧‧‧Antenna

305‧‧‧ concave corner

306‧‧‧Electrical pulp

307‧‧‧central space

308‧‧Faraday Fence

309‧‧‧monosulfide

310‧‧‧Reflective coating

311‧‧‧Sedimentary layer

312‧‧‧End surface

314‧‧‧ mesh

315‧‧‧ cylindrical surface

316‧‧‧ fingers

317‧‧‧ recess

318‧‧‧ Cover

406‧‧‧坩埚

407‧‧‧central space

412‧‧‧ surface

421‧‧‧ hole

422‧‧‧plug

424‧‧‧Step

431‧‧‧ 塞子

To assist in understanding the invention, various specific embodiments thereof have been described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a side view of a light source of a luminaire incorporating a microwave drive circuit in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 is a larger scale showing the light source of the luminaire of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a similar diagram of the impedance regulator of the microwave drive circuit of Figure 1.

4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the junction between the light source and the impedance adjuster.

Figure 5 is an alternative source diagram similar to Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a plasma crucible of another light source of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a light-transmissive plasma pulp of a further light source of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional side view of the further source (including a portion of the matching circuit and the adapter of the plasma).

Figure 9 is a perspective view of a light-transmissive plasma pulp of another light source of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a contour view of a microwave powered luminaire comprising the light transmissive plasma crucible of Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a perspective view of a further light transmissive plasma crucible of a microwave powered luminaire in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 12 is a profile view of a microwave powered luminaire comprising the light transmissive plasma crucible of Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a perspective view of another light transmissive plasma according to the present invention similar to Figure 11.

Figure 14 is a diagram similar to Figure 12 in Figure 13 only.

11‧‧‧坩埚

12‧‧‧ Cover

13‧‧‧ Cover

14‧‧‧ cylindrical tube

15‧‧‧ cylindrical tube

16‧‧‧End plate

17‧‧‧End board

18‧‧‧Tungsten wire mesh

19‧‧‧Molybdenum drive connection

20‧‧‧Tungsten disc

Claims (26)

A light source powered by microwave energy, the light source having: a body having a sealed space therein; a Faraday fence enclosing the microwave, surrounding the body, the body being attached to the Faraday fence a resonant waveguide; a filler in which a material is excited by microwave energy to form a light-emitting plasma therein; and an antenna disposed in the body to transmit a plasma-sensing microwave energy to the filler, the antenna Having a connecting device extending to the outside of the body to be coupled to a microwave energy source; wherein: the body is a plasma crucible, the material is light transmissive to provide an outlet for light therefrom, and the Faraday barrier is at least partially Light is transmitted to allow light to exit from the plasma crucible, the configuration such that light from the plasma of the space can penetrate the plasma and radiate from the plasma through the barrier. For example, in the light source of claim 1, the plasma crucible is sealed by a plurality of articles. If the light source of claim 1 or 2 is applied, the plasma is homogenous. The light source of claim 1 or 2, wherein the plasma crucible is an annular section and is sized to provide a plasma crucible A half wave extending in diameter. A light source according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plasma crucible is shaped to reflect light in a specific direction. A light source according to claim 5, wherein one of the shaped surfaces of the plasma crucible is metallized to enhance reflection. The light source of claim 6, wherein the metallization forms part of the Faraday fence. A light source as in claim 5, comprising a complementary reflector positioned to reflect light back to the plasma. The light source of claim 1 or 2 is combined with a separate reflector to reflect light emitted from the light-transmitting pupil in a specific direction. The light source of claim 1 or 2, wherein the plasma is a solid dielectric material. The light source of claim 10, wherein the plasma lanthanum is quartz or polycrystalline alumina or polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet or aluminum nitride or single crystal sapphire. The light source of claim 1 or 2, wherein the Faraday barrier is or comprises a thin layer of conductive transparent material and/or a wire mesh and/or a mesh metal foil. The light source of claim 12, wherein the conductor mesh or mesh sheet is melted into the material of the plasma crucible. The light source of claim 12, wherein the Faraday fence comprises at least one aperture to locally increase light transmission. For example, the light source of claim 14 of the patent scope, wherein the pore system is not It is greater than one tenth of the free-space wavelength of the microwave in the crucible. A light source according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna extends to a plasma space having a material resistant to the filler. The light source of claim 16, wherein the plasma crucible has a wall thickness which is smaller than a distance from the side or end of the PARA fence to the other side or end of the PARA fence. of. The light source of claim 17, wherein the antenna is a thin plate laterally disposed in the length of the plasma, typically a dish, and the connecting device extends to one of the plasmas Short rods or wires on the wall surface. The light source of claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna is a conductive metal stub or a wire extending in a concave corner of the plasma crucible, and the connecting device is a short rod or a wiring of the antenna. Integrate the extension. The light source of claim 19, wherein the space is smaller than a distance from a side or end of the Pura counter to the other side or end, and the concave angle is along The side of the space is either consistent with the space. The light source of claim 1 or 2, wherein the light-transmissive plasma pulp has: a hole having a step structure and a counterbore extending from the space to the surface of the first surface, and a countersunk head a plug of transparent material in the hole that is sealed to the crucible. The light source of claim 21, wherein the plug and the plug are glass materials, and the plug is partially melted by the step structure The plug and/or the counterbore material are sealed to the crucible. The light source of claim 21, wherein the plug and the plug are ceramic materials, and the plug is sealed to the crucible by partially melting the stepped structure and/or the glass frit of the countersink. . A light source according to claim 21, wherein the plug is flush with the outer surface thereof. The light source of claim 21, wherein the sealing plug is recessed, and a second plug is provided in the counterbore and flush with the outer surface thereof. For example, the light source of claim 1 or 2 is combined with a microwave driving circuit to form a lamp. The microwave driving circuit comprises: a microwave source and a matching circuit.